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Shan L, Oduor AMO, Huang W, Liu Y. Nutrient enrichment promotes invasion success of alien plants via increased growth and suppression of chemical defenses. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2791. [PMID: 36482783 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In support of the prediction of the enemy release hypothesis regarding a growth-defense trade-off, invasive alien plants often exhibit greater growth and lower anti-herbivory defenses than native plants. However, it remains unclear how nutrient enrichment of invaded habitats may influence competitive interactions between invasive alien and co-occurring native plants, as well as production of anti-herbivore defense compounds, growth-promoting hormones, and defense-regulating hormones by the two groups of plants. Here, we tested whether: (i) nutrient enrichment causes invasive alien plants to produce greater biomass and lower concentrations of the defense compounds flavonoids and tannins than native plants; and (ii) invasive alien plants produce lower concentrations of a defense-regulating hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and higher concentrations of a growth-promoting hormone gibberellic acid (GA3). In a greenhouse experiment, we grew five congeneric pairs of invasive alien and native plant species under two levels each of nutrient enrichment (low vs. high), simulated herbivory (leaf clipping vs. no-clipping), and competition (alone vs. competition) in 2.5-L pots. In the absence of competition, high-nutrient treatment induced a greater increase in total biomass of invasive alien species than that of native species, whereas the reverse was true under competition as native species benefitted more from nutrient enrichment than invasive alien species. Moreover, high-nutrient treatment caused a greater increase in total biomass of invasive alien species than that of native species in the presence of simulated herbivory. Competition induced higher production of flavonoids and tannins. Simulated herbivory induced higher flavonoid expression in invasive alien plants under low-nutrient than high-nutrient treatments. However, flavonoid concentrations of native plants did not change under nutrient enrichment and simulated herbivory treatments. Invasive alien plants produced higher concentrations of GA3 than native plants. Taken together, these results suggest that impact of nutrient enrichment on growth of invasive alien and co-occurring native plants may depend on the level of competition that they experience. Moreover, invasive alien plants might adjust their flavonoid-based defense more efficiently than native plants in response to variation in soil nutrient availability and herbivory pressure. Our findings suggest that large-scale efforts to reduce nutrient enrichment of invaded habitats may help to control future invasiveness of target alien plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Shan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ayub M O Oduor
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- Department of Applied Biology, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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Zhou Y, Chen C, Xiong Y, Xiao F, Wang Y. Heavy metal induced resistance to herbivore of invasive plant: implications from inter- and intraspecific comparisons. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1222867. [PMID: 37649994 PMCID: PMC10464952 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1222867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Heavy metals can affect the content of secondary metabolites in plants, which are one of the important defenses of plants against herbivores. However, studies on the effects of heavy metals on secondary metabolites of invasive plants are scarce. Phytolacca americana is an invasive plant in China, which can hyperaccumulate the heavy metal Mn. Methods This study used two Mn treatments (control and treatment group) and four species from Phytolacca (including the native and introduced populations of P. americana, its native and exotic congeners in China) to investigate the impact of heavy metal Mn on the invasive ability of P. americana. Results The results show that heavy metal Mn can enhance the inhibitory effect of the introduced populations of P. americana on the growth of herbivore (the weight of herbivore has decreased by 66%), and altered the feeding preferences of herbivore. We also found that heavy metal Mn can significantly increase the content of quantitative resistance in the leaves of the introduced populations of P. americana and is higher than its native populations, native and exotic congeners. In addition, heavy metal Mn caused the quantitative resistance of the exotic congener significantly higher than that of the native congeners. Discussion In summary, the heavy metal Mn can increase the content of secondary metabolites in leaves to enhance the interspecific competitive advantage of P. americana and promote its invasion, and also increase the invasion risk of exotic species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yi Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Guo F, Li X, Jimoh SO, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Shi S, Hou X. Overgrazing-induced legacy effects may permit Leymus chinensis to cope with herbivory. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10116. [PMID: 33083144 PMCID: PMC7548072 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that herbivory-induced legacy effects permit plants to cope with herbivory. However, herbivory-induced defense strategies in plants against grazing mammals have received little attention. To further understand the grazing-induced legacy effects on plants, we conducted a greenhouse experiment with Leymus chinensis experiencing different grazing histories. We focused on grazing-induced legacy effects on above-ground spatial avoidance and below-ground biomass allocation. Our results showed that L. chinensis collected from the continuous overgrazing plot (OG) exhibited higher performance under simulated grazing in terms of growth, cloning and colonizing ability than those collected from the 35-year no-grazing plot (NG). The enhanced adaptability of OG was attributed to increased above-ground spatial avoidance, which was mediated by larger leaf angle and shorter height (reduced vertical height and increased leaf angle contributed to the above-ground spatial avoidance at a lower herbivory stubble height, while reduced tiller natural height contributed to above-ground spatial avoidance at a higher herbivory stubble height). Contrary to our prediction, OG pre-allocated less biomass to the rhizome, which does not benefit the herbivory tolerance and avoidance of L. chinensis; however, this also may reflect a tolerance strategy where reduced allocation to rhizomes is associated with increased production of ramets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghui Guo
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lan Zhou, Gan Su Province, China.,Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiliang Li
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Saheed Olaide Jimoh
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Sustainable Environment Food and Agriculture Initiative (SEFAAI), Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Yong Ding
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shangli Shi
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lan Zhou, Gan Su Province, China
| | - Xiangyang Hou
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lan Zhou, Gan Su Province, China.,Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Barton KE, Shiels AB. Additive and non‐additive responses of seedlings to simulated herbivory and drought. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasey E. Barton
- School of Life Sciences University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Aaron B. Shiels
- USDA National Wildlife Research Center Fort Collins Colorado USA
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Croy JR, Meyerson LA, Allen WJ, Bhattarai GP, Cronin JT. Lineage and latitudinal variation inPhragmites australistolerance to herbivory: implications for invasion success. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R. Croy
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Laura A. Meyerson
- Dept of Natural Resource Sciences, Univ. of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA
| | - Warwick J. Allen
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
- The Bio‐Protection Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Ganesh P. Bhattarai
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
- Dept of Entomology, Kansas State Univ. Manhattan KS USA
| | - James T. Cronin
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
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Fan Z, Chen B, Liao H, Zhou G, Peng S. The effect of allometric partitioning on herbivory tolerance in four species in South China. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11647-11656. [PMID: 31695875 PMCID: PMC6822029 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbivory tolerance can offset the negative effects of herbivory on plants and plays an important role in both immigration and population establishment. Biomass reallocation is an important potential mechanism of herbivory tolerance. To understand how biomass allocation affects plant herbivory tolerance, it is necessary to distinguish the biomass allocations resulting from environmental gradients or plant growth. There is generally a tight balance between the amounts of biomass invested in different organs, which must be analyzed by means of an allometric model. The allometric exponent is not affected by individual growth and can reflect the changes in biomass allocation patterns of different parts. Therefore, the allometric exponent was chosen to study the relationship between biomass allocation pattern and herbivory tolerance. We selected four species (Wedelia chinensis, Wedelia trilobata, Merremia hederacea, and Mikania micrantha), two of which are invasive species and two of which are accompanying native species, and established three herbivory levels (0%, 25% and 50%) to compare differences in allometry. The biomass allocation in stems was negatively correlated with herbivory tolerance, while that in leaves was positively correlated with herbivory tolerance. Furthermore, the stability of the allometric exponent was related to tolerance, indicating that plants with the ability to maintain their biomass allocation patterns are more tolerant than those without this ability, and the tendency to allocate biomass to leaves rather than to stems or roots helps increase this tolerance. The allometric exponent was used to remove the effects of individual development on allocation pattern, allowing the relationship between biomass allocation and herbivory tolerance to be more accurately explored. This research used an allometric model to fit the nonlinear process of biomass partitioning during the growth and development of plants and provides a new understanding of the relationship between biomass allocation and herbivory tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe‐Xuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bao‐Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hui‐Xuan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guo‐Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shao‐Lin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Life SciencesGuizhou Normal UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina
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Ramula S, Paige KN, Lennartsson T, Tuomi J. Overcompensation: a 30-year perspective. Ecology 2019; 100:e02667. [PMID: 30913306 PMCID: PMC6850278 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Biomass removal by herbivores usually incurs a fitness cost for the attacked plants, with the total cost per unit lost tissue depending on the value of the removed tissue (i.e., how costly it is to be replaced by regrowth). Optimal defense theory, first outlined in the 1960s and 1970s, predicted that these fitness costs result in an arms race between plants and herbivores, in which selection favors resistance strategies that either repel herbivores through morphological and chemical resistance traits in order to reduce their consumption, or result in enemy escape through rapid growth or by timing the growth or flowering to the periods when herbivores are absent. Such resistance against herbivores would most likely evolve when herbivores are abundant, cause extensive damage, and consume valuable plant tissues. The purpose of this Special Feature is to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the phenomenon of overcompensation, specifically, where the finding has brought us and where it is leading us 30 yr later. We first provide a short overview of how the phenomenon of overcompensation has led to broader studies on plant tolerance to herbivory, summarize key findings, and then discuss some promising new directions in light of six featured research papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Ramula
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
| | - Ken N Paige
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Tommy Lennartsson
- Swedish Biodiversity Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7016, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
| | - Juha Tuomi
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
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