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Dolezal J, Chondol T, Chlumska Z, Altman J, Capkova K, Dvorsky M, Fibich P, Korznikov KA, Ruka AT, Kopecky M, Macek M, Rehakova K. Contrasting biomass allocations explain adaptations to cold and drought in the world's highest-growing angiosperms. Ann Bot 2024:mcae028. [PMID: 38407819 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Understanding biomass allocation among plant organs is crucial for comprehending plant growth optimization, survival and responses to global change drivers. Yet, mechanisms governing mass allocation in vascular plants from extreme elevations exposed to cold and drought stresses remain poorly understood. METHODOLOGY We analyzed organ mass weights and fractions in 258 Himalayan herbaceous species across diverse habitats (wetland, steppe, alpine), growth forms (annual, perennial taprooted, rhizomatous, cushiony), and climatic gradients (3500-6150 m elevation) to explore whether biomass distribution adhered to fixed allometric or optimal partitioning rules, and how variation in size, phylogeny, and ecological preferences influence their strategies for resource allocation. KEY FINDINGS Following the optimal partitioning theory, Himalayan plants distribute more biomass to key organs vital for acquiring and preserving limited resources necessary for their growth and survival. Allocation strategies are mainly influenced by plant growth forms and habitat conditions, notably temperature, water availability, and evaporative demands. Alpine plants primarily invest in belowground stem bases for storage and regeneration, reducing aboveground stems while increasing leaf mass fraction to maximize carbon assimilation in their short growing season. Conversely, arid steppe plants prioritize deep roots over leaves to secure water and minimize transpiration. Wetland plants allocate resources to aboveground stems and belowground rhizomes, enabling them to resist competition and grazing in fertile environments. CONCLUSIONS Himalayan plants from extreme elevations optimize their allocation strategies to acquire scarce resources under specific conditions, efficiently investing carbon from supportive to acquisitive and protective functions with increasing cold and drought. Intraspecific variation and shared ancestry did not significantly alter Himalayan plants' biomass allocation strategies. Despite diverse evolutionary histories, plants from similar habitats have developed comparable phenotypic structures to adapt to their specific environments. This study offers new insights into plant adaptations in diverse Himalayan environments and underscores the importance of efficient resource allocation for survival and growth in challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Dolezal
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Science, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Thinles Chondol
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Science, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Chlumska
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Science, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Science, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Capkova
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Science, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Dvorsky
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Science, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Fibich
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Science, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kirill A Korznikov
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Science, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Adam T Ruka
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Science, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kopecky
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Science, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Science, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Rehakova
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Science, Průhonice, Czech Republic
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Yang Y, Wang S, Zhao C, Jiang X, Gao D. Responses of non-structural carbohydrates and biomass in plant to heavy metal treatment. Sci Total Environ 2024; 909:168559. [PMID: 37979880 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of heavy metals profoundly impacts plant metabolic processes and various physiological indicators, such as non-structural carbohydrates (NSC). However, a comprehensive understanding of how NSC in plants respond to heavy metal treatment and how different experimental setting and plant types affect the response of plant NSC is still lacking. Here, we compiled data of 2084 observations of NSC from 85 published studies and conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the responses of soluble sugars, starch, the ratio of soluble sugar to starch, and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNSC) to heavy metal treatment. Our results showed that, under heavy metal treatment, foliar soluble sugars, foliar TNSC, and the ratio of soluble sugars to starch in both foliage and root increased significantly by 21.6 %, 11.6 %, 55.9 %, and 65.1 %, respectively; and foliar starch, root starch, and root TNSC decreased significantly by 10 %, 23.3 %, and 11 %, respectively; while root soluble sugars remained unchanged. The treatment of heavy metals significantly diminished the biomass of foliage, above-ground, and root by 12.3 %, 29.5 %, and 34.3 %, respectively. The responses of foliar NSC to heavy metal treatment were strongly dependent on leaf habit, the duration and concentration of heavy metal treatment, and soil pH value. The magnitude of the response of NSC to heavy metals increased with the duration and concentration of heavy metal treatment. Furthermore, the types of heavy metals modulated the magnitude of the response of foliar NSC to heavy metal treatment. Overall, our findings provide valuable insights into the responses of plant NSC to heavy metal stress and contribute to a comprehensive understanding of this crucial aspect of plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangyu Jiang
- Georgia Environmental Protection Division, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Decai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Lv P, Sun S, Li Y, Zhao S, Zhang J, Hu Y, Yue P, Zuo X. Plant composition change mediates climate drought, nitrogen addition, and grazing effects on soil net nitrogen mineralization in a semi-arid grassland in North China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168282. [PMID: 37923269 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Human activities induce alterations of the nitrogen (N) cycle, climate drought, and disturbance (e.g., livestock grazing) regimes at the global scale. Their individual, interactive, and combined effects on soil N cycling in grasslands are unclear. We investigated the N addition, drought, and grazing effects on the N mineralization, as well as their correlations with N-related variables, including the C4 species, shoot biomass (SB), root biomass (RB), plant total nitrogen (PTN), plant total carbon (PTC), soil total nitrogen (STN), soil total carbon (STC), and soil microbial N and C, during a three-year field experiment conducted in a semi-arid grassland in North China. The results showed that N addition increased the nitrate N (NO3--N) and ammonium N (NH4+-N) concentrations, whereas drought decreased the NO3--N concentration because of strengthened N limitation. Pronounced temporal variation in the N mineralization occurred under seasonal drought (maxima in August and September) and under its combination with N addition and grazing (minima in August). RB and the C4 species were positively correlated, whereas STC and the NO3--N concentration were negatively correlated with the N mineralization under the combined influence of the three factors. The structural equation model showed that at the site affected by all three factors, drought indirectly increased the N mineralization by reducing the NO3--N concentration, whereas N addition and grazing did not alter the N mineralization. N addition directly increased while indirectly reduced N mineralization by increasing the NO3--N concentration. Additionally, N addition and grazing increased the C4 species and decreased the STC, consequently enhanced N mineralization. These results highlight the predominant role of drought, when combined with N addition and grazing, in controlling the N mineralization. The N supply balance in semi-arid grasslands could be stabilized in response to increased N addition, climate drought, and grazing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lv
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuqiang Li
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shenglong Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Information Center, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ya Hu
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ping Yue
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoan Zuo
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Wang X, Guo X, Ding W, Du N, Guo W, Pang J. Precipitation pattern alters the effects of nitrogen deposition on the growth of alien species Robinia pseudoacacia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21822. [PMID: 38034734 PMCID: PMC10685202 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Nitrogen (N) supply and precipitation pattern (amount and frequency) both affect plant growth. However, N deposition is increasing and precipitation regimes are changing in the context of global change. An experiment was conducted to access how the growth of Robinia pseudoacacia, a widely distributed and cultivated N2-fixing alien species, is affected by both the pattern of precipitation and N supplies. Methods Seedlings were grown in a glasshouse at four different N levels combined with different precipitation regimes, including three precipitation amounts, and two precipitation frequencies. After treatment for 75 days, plant height, biomass allocation, leaf and soil nutrient concentrations were measured. Results Plants under high precipitation frequency had greater biomass compared with plants lower precipitation frequency, despite receiving the same amount of precipitation. Higher N supply reduced biomass allocation to nodules. Under low precipitation level, nodule growth and N2 fixation of R. pseudoacacia was more inhibited by high N deposition compared with plants under higher precipitation level. Even slightly N deposition under higher precipitation inhibited N2 fixation but it was insufficient to meet the N needs of the plants. Conclusions Even at low levels, N deposition might inhibit N2 fixation of plants but low N in soil cannot meet the N requirements of plants, and caused N2 fixation limitation in plants during seedling stage. There was likely a transition from N2 fixation to acquisition of N from soil directly with root when N supply was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Gonglu, Qingdao, 266237, China
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, 6009, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Xiao Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Wenli Ding
- School of Grassland Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ning Du
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Gonglu, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Gonglu, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jiayin Pang
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, 6009, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, 6009, Australia
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Yan Z, Tian D, Han W, Ji C, Hou X, Guo Y, Fang J. Weak transgenerational effects of ancestral nitrogen and phosphorus availabilities on offspring phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Plant Res 2023; 136:515-525. [PMID: 37055608 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient availability significantly regulates plant growth and metabolic functions, but whether and how the long-term exposure of ancestral plants to contrasting nutrient environments influences offspring phenotypic performance (i.e., transgenerational plasticity) remain poorly addressed. Here we conducted experimental manipulations using Arabidopsis thaliana with the ancestral plants grown in different nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availabilities over eleven consecutive generations, and then examined the offspring phenotypic performance under the interactive effects of current and ancestral nutrient environments. We found that current rather than ancestral nutrient environments dominantly explained the variations in offspring plant traits (i.e., flowering time, aboveground biomass and biomass allocation fractions), suggesting the relatively weak transgenerational effects of ancestral N and P availabilities on offspring phenotypes. In contrast, increasing N and P availabilities in the offspring generation remarkably shortened the flowering time, increased the aboveground biomass, and altered biomass allocation fractions differentially among organs. Despite the overall weak transgenerational phenotypic plasticity, under the low nutrient environment, the offspring of ancestral plants from the low nutrient environment had a significantly higher fruit mass fraction than those from the suitable nutrient environment. Taken together, our findings suggest that A. thaliana exhibits a much stronger within- than trans-generational trait plasticity under contrasting nutrient availabilities, and may provide important insights into the understanding of plant adaptation and evolutionary processes under changing nutrient environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Di Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Wenxuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengjun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xinghui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yalong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Su H, Zheng W, Li M, Wang C, Fu G, Le R, Sun G. Effects of benthic fish and light regimes on water quality and the growth of Vallisneria natans with two sediment types. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27587-w. [PMID: 37191748 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In shal low eutrophic lakes, submersed macrophytes are essential for maintaining a clear water state and they are significantly affected by benthic fish disturbance, light availability, and sediment types. We conducted a mesocosm experiment with benthic fish (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), two light regimes, and submerged macrophyte (Vallisneria natans) growing in two sediment types to investigate the ecological effects of benthic fish and light regimes on water quality and the growth of submersed macrophyte. Our findings indicated that the benthic fish increased the concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total dissolved phosphorus in the overlying water. The effects of benthic fish on ammonia-nitrogen (NH4+-N) and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) contents were related to light regimes. Fish disturbance indirectly promoted the growth of macrophytes growing in sand by increasing NH4+-N content in overlying water. However, the increasing Chl-a content stimulated by fish disturbance and high light regime reduced the growth of submersed macrophytes growing in clay due to shading. Macrophytes with different sediments had different strategies coping with light. Plants growing in sand responded to low light mainly by adjusting the leaf and root biomass allocation, whereas plants growing in clay responded to low light by physiologically adjusting the soluble carbohydrate content. The findings of this study might help restore lake vegetation to some degree, and using nutrient-poor sediment might be an appropriate method to avoid the detrimental effects of fish-mediated disturbances on the growth of submerged macrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Su
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, 365004, Fujian, China.
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, 365004, Fujian, China
| | - Mingfan Li
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, 365004, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, 365004, Fujian, China
| | - Guanbao Fu
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, 365004, Fujian, China
| | - Ruijie Le
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, 365004, Fujian, China
| | - Gang Sun
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, 365004, Fujian, China
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Morillas L, Leiva MJ, Pérez-Ramos IM, Cambrollé J, Matías L. Latitudinal variation in the functional response of Quercus suber seedlings to extreme drought. Sci Total Environ 2023; 887:164122. [PMID: 37182781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Many plant species are being threatened by increasingly drought conditions due to current climate change at planetary scale. This global trend is leading to the scientific community to investigate the potential role of local adaptations through intraspecific differences in functional traits that may boost conservation strategies by modulating the plant responses to reduced water availability. We assessed under controlled conditions the effect of four different drought intensities on the survival time and morphological traits of Quercus suber seedlings collected from nine populations covering the complete latitudinal distribution of the species. Functional morphological traits related to biomass allocation and leaf and root display were analyzed. We then related these traits with the survival time after a terminal desiccation, used as a drought-resistance proxy and expressed as survival time without watering. Abundant watering availability allowed seedlings to survive for a longer period compared to drier conditions. Further, all morphological traits differed across watering levels, showing a very plastic response. Acorns from southern latitudes produced very large seedlings compared to those gathered from northern latitudes. However, the larger biomass implied higher evaporative water loss, inducing lower survival of southern populations under extreme drought conditions. We further found a clear trend toward maximizing those traits related with belowground growth (i.e., root surface area, root average diameter and root volume) in southern populations aimed to increase water uptake, overcoming the most limiting factor for plant growth in that area. Our results support that increased root development allow cork oak to maintain its functioning after being subjected to damage caused by reduced water availability, whereas high aerial biomass allocation is a handicap for survival under drought stress conditions. This study identifies drought-resistant populations and morphological traits related to drought resistance, which can be applied to improve restoration actions under a warmer climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Morillas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González s/n, Sevilla 41012, Spain.
| | - María José Leiva
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González s/n, Sevilla 41012, Spain.
| | - Ignacio M Pérez-Ramos
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 1052, Andalucía, Sevilla 41080, Spain.
| | - Jesús Cambrollé
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González s/n, Sevilla 41012, Spain.
| | - Luis Matías
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González s/n, Sevilla 41012, Spain.
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Mašková T, Maternová J, Těšitel J. Shoot: root ratio of seedlings is associated with species niche on soil moisture gradient. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:286-291. [PMID: 34850527 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surviving the seedling phase is crucial for the establishment of plant individuals and populations. In ecosystems with dynamic water availability such as temperate grasslands, seedlings should adjust their growth strategy not only to match the current conditions but also to secure resource acquisition in the future. Here, we explored evolutionary adaptations determining plant early growth strategies in herbaceous species of temperate grasslands differing in their requirements for soil water availability. We chose 15 plant genera, within which we selected species differing in their Ellenberg indicator values for moisture. We cultivated the seedlings under standard conditions with sufficient water supply for 4 weeks. Subsequently, we measured length-based and mass-based shoot:root ratio to investigate seedling growth strategy and its association with species ecological niche. Seed size and content of soil-borne nutrients were considered as potential covariates affecting this association. Linear mixed-effect models identified the length-based shoot:root ratio of seedlings was positively associated with soil moisture requirements in a congeneric species comparison. Nitrogen and phosphorus seed concentrations had an additional negative effect on the shoot:root ratio. Neither of these trends was found for the mass-based shoot:root ratio. We demonstrated for the first time that there might be a general adaptation modifying the seedling shoot:root ratio according to the species niche position on the soil moisture gradient in temperate grassland species across a broad range of angiosperm phylogeny. This adaptation seems to be affected by seed mineral nutrient reserves and may operate in parallel to the well-known phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mašková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Maternová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Těšitel
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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9
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Jin Y, Liu C, Qian SS, Luo Y, Zhou R, Tang J, Bao W. Large-scale patterns of understory biomass and its allocation across China's forests. Sci Total Environ 2022; 804:150169. [PMID: 34520923 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant biomass storage and its allocation reflect the ecosystem productivity and adaptation to different environments. Understory vegetation is a significant component of any forest ecosystem and plays a vital role in biodiversity maintenance and the ecosystem's carbon cycle. Although many studies have addressed the relationships of climate, stand structure and resource availability with understory biomass and its allocation at local scales, the large-scale variation of understory biomass and allocation and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We compiled a large database of understory biomass at the community level across China's forests to explore the large-scale patterns of understory biomass and R/S ratio, and to quantify the relative importance of drivers. Understory biomass and R/S ratio varied largely with forest types, and decreased with increasing longitude, but increased with elevation. Understory biomass increased with increasing latitude, mean annual temperature (MAT), and mean annual precipitation (MAP), while the R/S ratio decreased with latitude, MAT, and MAP. Stand structure had a strong effect on the variations in understory biomass. MAP was the most important driver in determining R/S ratio. This synthesis provides a first assessment of the large-scale patterns of understory biomass and allocation and sheds new light on the mechanisms underlying the variations in understory biomass and its allocation over a broad geographic scale. These findings will improve predictions of understory community dynamics in response to climate change and aid in further optimizing ecosystem process models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiang Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China.
| | - Chenggang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Song S Qian
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Ruiwu Zhou
- College of Geography and Land Engineering, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, China
| | - Jianwei Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Weikai Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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10
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Sun Y, Wang Y, Yan Z, He L, Ma S, Feng Y, Su H, Chen G, Feng Y, Ji C, Shen H, Fang J. Above- and belowground biomass allocation and its regulation by plant density in six common grassland species in China. J Plant Res 2022; 135:41-53. [PMID: 34669087 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Above- and belowground biomass allocation is an essential plant functional trait that reflects plant survival strategies and affects belowground carbon pool estimation in grasslands. However, due to the difficulty of distinguishing living and dead roots, estimation of biomass allocation from field-based studies currently show large uncertainties. In addition, the dependence of biomass allocation on plant species, functional type as well as plant density remains poorly addressed. Here, we conducted greenhouse manipulation experiments to study above- and belowground biomass allocation and its density regulation for six common grassland species with different functional types (i.e., C3 vs C4; annuals vs perennials) from temperate China. To explore the density regulation on the biomass allocation, we used five density levels: 25, 100, 225, 400, and 625 plant m-2. We found that mean root to shoot ratio (R/S) values ranged from 0.04 to 0.92 across the six species, much lower than those obtained in previous field studies. We also found much lower R/S values in annuals than in perennials (C. glaucum and S. viridis vs C. squarrosa, L. chinensis, M. sativa and S. grandis) and in C4 plants than in C3 plants (C. squarrosa vs L. chinensis, M. sativa and S. grandis). In addition to S. grandis, plant density had significant effects on the shoot and root biomass fraction and R/S for the other five species. Plant density also affected the allometric relationships between above- and belowground biomass significantly. Our results suggest that R/S values obtained from field investigations may be severely overestimated and that R/S values vary largely across species with different functional types. Our findings provide novel insights into approximating the difficult-to-measure belowground living biomass in grasslands, and highlight that species composition and intraspecific competition will regulate belowground carbon estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Sun
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yupin Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhengbing Yan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Luoshu He
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Suhui Ma
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuhao Feng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haojie Su
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guoping Chen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yinping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Chengjun Ji
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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11
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Henschel JM, Brito FAL, Pimenta TM, Picoli EAT, Zsögön A, Ribeiro DM. Irradiance-regulated biomass allocation in Raphanus sativus plants depends on gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 168:43-52. [PMID: 34619597 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellin has been proposed to increase leaf elongation in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plants, which is associated with decreased tuber growth. Since light intensity can control growth through interaction with gibberellin, investigation of the effect of gibberellin levels on the growth of radish plants would be a step forward towards unraveling factors that underlie biomass accumulation and allocation in response to irradiance levels. Here, we report that the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) decreased petiole elongation, but not lamina growth of radish plants grown under full sunlight. However, shading promoted an increase in shoot elongation, while in plants treated with PAC the petiole and leaf lamina fail to elongate. Plants treated with PAC allocated proportionally more biomass to their tubers and less to shoot compared to control under shade. Moreover, PAC decreased the abundance of transcripts encoding cell wall expansion proteins in leaf lamina and petiole of plants grown under shade, which was positively correlated with sugar consumption by the tuber, thereby increasing the mass fraction and concentrations of minerals for tuber. Thus, allocation of biomass during the growth of radish plants and nutritional quality of tubers depend on gibberellin and light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane M Henschel
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fred A L Brito
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaline M Pimenta
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edgard A T Picoli
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Agustín Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dimas M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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12
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Madejón P, Navarro-Fernández CM, Madejón E, López-García Á, Marañón T. Plant response to mycorrhizal inoculation and amendments on a contaminated soil. Sci Total Environ 2021; 789:147943. [PMID: 34058592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the combined effects of soil amendments and inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi on the response of different plant species during the phytostabilization process of trace elements contaminated soils is a challenge. This task is more difficult but more realistic when studied under field conditions. We assess the combined effects of two amendment doses and mycorrhizal inoculation on the response of saplings of two tree species planted in a contaminated field. The amendments were a mix of sugar beet lime and biosolid compost. The inoculation treatments were made with a commercial inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for wild olive and ectomycorrhizal fungi for stone pine. Results showed a weak or null effect of the mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth, survival and trace element accumulation. There was a significant increase on P nutrition for stone pine, growing on non-amended conditions. Soil amendments were very effective reducing trace elements availability and their accumulation in both plant species, especially in roots. However, the effects on plant biomass were species-dependent and contrasted; low-dose amendments increased the biomass of wild olive by 33.3%, but reduced by 28% that of pine. The high doses of amendments (60 T ha-1) produced some negative effects on plant growth and nutrition, probably related to the increase of soil salinity. Both plant species, stone pine and wild olive, have been proved to be adequate for phytostabilization of contaminated soils under Mediterranean climate, due to their drought tolerance and the low transfer of trace elements from root to shoot, thus reducing toxicity for the food web. To implement microbial-assisted phytoremediation approaches, a better understanding of the diversity and ecology of plant-associated microorganisms is needed. The use of indigenous fungi, locally adapted and tolerant to contamination, would be more suitable for phytostabilization purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Madejón
- IRNAS, CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | | | | | - Álvaro López-García
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), CSIC, Dept. Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain; Universidad de Jaén, Dept. Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Campus Las Lagunillas, s/n. 23071 Jaén, Spain; Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (IISTA), Av. del Mediterráneo, S/N, 18006 Granada, Spain
| | - Teodoro Marañón
- IRNAS, CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Seville, Spain
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13
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Zhao W, Liu T, Liu Y, Wang H, Wang R, Ma Q, Dong H, Bi X. The significance of biomass allocation to population growth of the invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Ambrosia trifida with different densities. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:175. [PMID: 34511075 PMCID: PMC8436485 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Ambrosia trifida are globally distributed harmful and invasive weeds. High density clusters play an important role in their invasion. For these two species, the early settled populations are distributed at low densities, but they can rapidly achieve high population densities in a short period of time. However, their response to intraspecific competition to improve the fitness for rapid growth and maintenance of high population densities remains unclear. Therefore, to determine how these species form and maintain high population densities, individual biomass allocations patterns between different population densities (low and high), and plasticity during seedling, vegetative, breeding and mature stages were compared. In 2019, we harvested seeds at different population densities and compared them, and in 2020, we compared the number of regenerated plants across the two population densities. Results Most biomass was invested in the stems of both species. Ambrosia trifida had the highest stem biomass distribution, of up to 78%, and the phenotypic plasticity of the stem was the highest. Path analysis demonstrated that at low-density, total biomass was the biggest contributor to seed production, but stem and leaf biomass was the biggest contributors to high-density populations. The number of seeds produced per plant was high in low-density populations, while the seed number per unit area was huge in high-density populations. In the second year, the number of low-density populations increased significantly. A. artemisiifolia and A. trifida accounted for 75.6% and 68.4% of the mature populations, respectively. Conclusions High input to the stem is an important means to regulate the growth of the two species to cope with different densities. These two species can ensure reproductive success and produce appropriate seed numbers. Therefore, they can maintain a stable population over time and quickly form cluster advantages. In the management, early detection of both species and prevention of successful reproduction by chemical and mechanical means are necessary to stop cluster formation and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Zhao
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China. .,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hanyue Wang
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ruili Wang
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hegan Dong
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xuyi Bi
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
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14
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Liu Y, Li G, Wang M, Yan W, Hou F. Effects of three-dimensional soil heterogeneity and species composition on plant biomass and biomass allocation of grass-mixtures. AoB Plants 2021; 13:plab033. [PMID: 34234936 PMCID: PMC8255077 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil heterogeneity significantly affects plant dynamics such as plant growth and biomass. Most studies developed soil heterogeneity in two dimensions, i.e. either horizontally or vertically. However, soil heterogeneity in natural ecosystems varies both horizontally and vertically, i.e. in three dimensions. Previous studies on plant biomass and biomass allocation rarely considered the joint effects of soil heterogeneity and species composition. Thus, to investigate such joint effects on plant biomass and biomass allocation, a controlled experiment was conducted, where three levels of soil heterogeneity and seven types of species compositions were applied. Such soil heterogeneity was developed by filling nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor substrates in an alternative pattern in pots with different patch sizes (small, medium or large), and species compositions was achieved by applying three plant species (i.e. Festuca elata, Bromus inermis, Elymus breviaristatus) in all possible combinations (growing either in monoculture or in mixtures). Results showed that patch size significantly impacted plant biomass and biomass allocation, which differed among plant species. Specially, at the pot scale, with increasing patch size, shoot biomass decreased, while root biomass and R:S ratio increased, and total biomass tended to show a unimodal pattern, where the medium patch supported higher total biomass. Moreover, at the substrate scale, more shoot biomass and total biomass were found in nutrient-rich substrate. Furthermore, at the community scale, two of the three target plant species growing in monoculture had more shoot biomass than those growing together with other species. Thus, our results indicate soil heterogeneity significantly affected plant biomass and biomass allocation, which differ among plant species, though more research is needed on the generalization on biomass allocation. We propose that soil heterogeneity should be considered more explicitly in studies with more species in long-term experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Guoe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
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15
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Harms NE, Cronin JT, Gaskin JF. Increased ploidy of Butomus umbellatus in introduced populations is not associated with higher phenotypic plasticity to N and P. AoB Plants 2021; 13:plab045. [PMID: 34394906 PMCID: PMC8356175 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Separate introductions or post-introduction evolution may lead to multiple invader genotypes or cytotypes that differ in growth rates, biomass or chemical profile responses (phenotype) to a range of environments. If the invader has high trait plasticity to a range of resource levels, then sediment N or P enrichment may enhance invasiveness. However, the ways in which ploidy, plasticity, and available N or P interact are unknown for most species despite the potential to explain spread and impacts by invaders with multiple introduced lineages. We conducted a common garden experiment with four triploid and six diploid populations of Butomus umbellatus, collected from across its invasive range in the USA. Plants were grown under different N or P nutrient levels (4, 40, 200, 400 mg L-1 N; 0.4, 4, 40 mg L-1 P) and we measured reaction norms for biomass, clonal reproduction and tissue chemistry. Contrary to our expectation, triploid B. umbellatus plants were less plastic to variation in N or P than diploid B. umbellatus in most measured traits. Diploid plants produced 172 % more reproductive biomass and 57 % more total biomass across levels of N, and 158 % more reproductive biomass and 33 % more total biomass across P than triploid plants. Triploid plants had lower shoot:root ratios and produced 30 % and 150 % more root biomass than diploid plants in response to increases in N and P, respectively. Tissue chemistry differed between cytotypes but plasticity was similar; N was 8 % higher and C:N ratio was 30 % lower in triploid than diploid plants across levels of N and plant parts, and N was 22 % higher and C:N ratio 27 % lower across levels of P and plant parts. Our results highlight differences in nutrient response between cytotypes of a widespread invader, and we call for additional field studies to better understand the interaction of nutrients and ploidy during invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan E Harms
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Aquatic Ecology and Invasive Species Branch, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - James T Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - John F Gaskin
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1500 N. Central Avenue, Sidney, MT 59270, USA
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16
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Guo L, Zhao H, Zhai X, Wang K, Liu L, Wang K, Huang D. Study on life histroy traits of Stellera chamaejasme provide insights into its control on degraded typical steppe. J Environ Manage 2021; 291:112716. [PMID: 33957418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increase of unpalatable Stellera chamaejasme plants has become commonplace in degraded grasslands of China, which can hinder the establishment and growth of palatable plants and have an impact on sustainable development of livestock production. Controlling S. chamaejasme is thus a necessary, yet usually problematic step towards the degraded grassland. Various measures have been implemented to control S. chamaejasme but relatively little is known about the growth and development of S. chamaejasme in degraded grassland. Therefore, focusing on the life history traits of S. chamaejasme can provide theoretical support underpinning its management. In this study, different age classes of S. chamaejasme plants were surveyed and studied from a degraded typical steppe in China, and the variation of the phenotypic traits, biomass increasement, biomass allocation, reserves and nutrient content were described. These analyses could be of great importance in identifying the management practices of S. chamaejasme that are most consistent with the development of S. chamaejasme in degraded grasslands. We found that most of the phenotypic traits and biomass of all organs increased by different patterns with age class. Like many other species, there has been three developmental phases in S. chamaejasme, however, previous researches only focus on the S. chamaejasme in the adult reproductive phase, therefore leading to a delay between the time of S. chamaejasme's seedling and the time when it begins to establish. Our findings demonstrate that S. chamaejasme mainly distributes the biomass to belowground part (RMF and SMF), which is conducive to the survival of S. chamaejasme on degraded grasslands, making mowing fail to eradicate S. chamaejasme in practice. Partial least squares path modeling suggested that nutrient content (N) played a key role in flowering of S. chamaejasme, but the indirect effect was greater than direct effect. The results from this study highlight that control efforts and the management of S. chamaejasme should not only focus on the S. chamaejasme individual in unreproductive phase, but also on the belowground part of plant in reproductive phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Guo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; GuYuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Hebei Province, 076550, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; GuYuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Hebei Province, 076550, China
| | - Xiajie Zhai
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Kaili Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; GuYuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Hebei Province, 076550, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; GuYuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Hebei Province, 076550, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; GuYuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Hebei Province, 076550, China
| | - Ding Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; GuYuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Hebei Province, 076550, China.
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Keita N, Bourgeois B, Evette A, Tisserant M, González E, Breton V, Goulet C, Poulin M. Growth Response of Cuttings to Drought and Intermittent Flooding for Three Salix Species and Implications for Riverbank Soil Bioengineering. Environ Manage 2021; 67:1137-1144. [PMID: 33844063 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-021-01444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Willows are used as cuttings or in fascines for riverbank soil bioengineering, to control erosion with their high resprouting ability and rapid growth. However, water availability is highly variable along riverbanks both in time and space and constitutes a major stress limiting willow establishment. A species-specific understanding of willow cutting response to water stress is critical to design successful riverbank soil bioengineering projects given exclusive use of local species is often recommended. In a three-month greenhouse experiment, we investigated the effects of three soil moisture treatments (drought-soil saturation-intermittent flooding) on survival, biomass production and root growth of cuttings of three willow species used for soil bioengineering along NE American streams (Salix discolor-S. eriocephala-S. interior). Cutting survival was high for all species and treatments (>89%). Biomass production and root volume only differed between species. S. eriocephala produced the highest biomass and root volume, and S. discolor invested more in belowground than aboveground biomass. Root length responded to soil moisture differently between species. Under intermittent flooding, S. eriocephala produced shorter roots, while S. interior produced longer roots. For riverbank soil bioengineering, S. eriocephala should be favored at medium elevation and S. interior at lower elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naren Keita
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Bérenger Bourgeois
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - André Evette
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, UR LESSEM, 38402, St-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Maxime Tisserant
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Eduardo González
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Vincent Breton
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, UR LESSEM, 38402, St-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Charles Goulet
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Monique Poulin
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada.
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18
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Wang P, Alpert P, Yu FH. Physiological integration can increase competitive ability in clonal plants if competition is patchy. Oecologia 2021; 195:199-212. [PMID: 33394130 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Physiological integration of connected plants of the same clone, or ramets, often increases clonal fitness when ramets differ in resource supply. However, review of the literature found that no study has directly tested the hypothesis that integration can increase the ability of clones to compete against other species. To test this, we grew two-ramet clonal fragments of the stoloniferous, perennial herb Fragaria chiloensis in which none, one, or both of the ramets had neighbors of a naturally co-occurring, dominant grass, Bromus carinatus, and connections between ramets were either severed to prevent integration or left intact. We also grew four-ramet fragments in which all ramets had neighbors and connections were severed or intact. Severance decreased the final leaf mass and area of two-ramet fragments by 25% and their final total mass by 15% when just one ramet was grown with B. carinatus. Severance had no significant effect on the total mass of fragments when none or all of the ramets were grown with the grass. This provides the first direct evidence that physiological integration can increase the competitive ability of clonal plant species, though only when competition is spatially heterogeneous. Integration may thus enable plant clones to grow into plant communities and to compete within communities with fine-scale disturbance. However, integration may not increase the competitive ability of clonal plants within uniformly dense communities of taller species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forest University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Peter Alpert
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
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Si C, Alpert P, Zhang JF, Lin J, Wang YY, Hong MM, Roiloa SR, Yu FH. Capacity for clonal integration in introduced versus native clones of the invasive plant Hydrocotyle vulgaris. Sci Total Environ 2020; 745:141056. [PMID: 32717606 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Clonal plants can make up a disproportionately high number of the introduced, invasive plant species in a region. Physiological integration of connected ramets within clones is a key ecological advantage of clonal growth. To ask whether clonal integration underlies the invasiveness of clonal plants, we tested the hypothesis that introduced clones of an invasive species will show higher capacity for integration than native clones of the same species. We conduct a greenhouse experiment on the widespread, perennial herb Hydrocotyle vulgaris. Clonal fragments consisting of pairs of connected ramets from seven sites in northwestern Spain where the species is native and seven sites in southeastern China where the species is introduced and invasive were grown for 79 days with the younger, apical ramet shaded to 30% of ambient light and the connection between ramets either severed or left intact. Severance decreased the final dry mass and ramet number of the apical ramet and its offspring in nearly all clones and increased the mass or ramet number of the basal portion of the fragment in about half of the clones, but these effects did not differ consistently between native and introduced clones. Severance did affect allocation more in introduced than in native clones, decreasing root/total mass more in apical portions and increasing it more in basal portions. Maintaining the connection between ramets caused introduced, but not native, clonal fragments to produce more leaf and less root mass and thus to lower allocation to roots. Regardless of severance, introduced clones accumulated about twice as much mass as native clones. Results suggest that introduced clones of a species can show greater effects of integration on allocation than native clones. In species such as H. vulgaris, this might increase competitiveness for light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Si
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peter Alpert
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jian-Feng Zhang
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Yi-Yue Wang
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Meng-Meng Hong
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Sergio R Roiloa
- BioCost Group, Biology Department, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña 15071, Spain
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Guo F, Li X, Jimoh SO, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Shi S, Hou X. Overgrazing-induced legacy effects may permit Leymus chinensis to cope with herbivory. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10116. [PMID: 33083144 PMCID: PMC7548072 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that herbivory-induced legacy effects permit plants to cope with herbivory. However, herbivory-induced defense strategies in plants against grazing mammals have received little attention. To further understand the grazing-induced legacy effects on plants, we conducted a greenhouse experiment with Leymus chinensis experiencing different grazing histories. We focused on grazing-induced legacy effects on above-ground spatial avoidance and below-ground biomass allocation. Our results showed that L. chinensis collected from the continuous overgrazing plot (OG) exhibited higher performance under simulated grazing in terms of growth, cloning and colonizing ability than those collected from the 35-year no-grazing plot (NG). The enhanced adaptability of OG was attributed to increased above-ground spatial avoidance, which was mediated by larger leaf angle and shorter height (reduced vertical height and increased leaf angle contributed to the above-ground spatial avoidance at a lower herbivory stubble height, while reduced tiller natural height contributed to above-ground spatial avoidance at a higher herbivory stubble height). Contrary to our prediction, OG pre-allocated less biomass to the rhizome, which does not benefit the herbivory tolerance and avoidance of L. chinensis; however, this also may reflect a tolerance strategy where reduced allocation to rhizomes is associated with increased production of ramets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghui Guo
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lan Zhou, Gan Su Province, China.,Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiliang Li
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Saheed Olaide Jimoh
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Sustainable Environment Food and Agriculture Initiative (SEFAAI), Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Yong Ding
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shangli Shi
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lan Zhou, Gan Su Province, China
| | - Xiangyang Hou
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lan Zhou, Gan Su Province, China.,Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Zhang Z, Tariq A, Zeng F, Graciano C, Zhang B. Nitrogen application mitigates drought-induced metabolic changes in Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings by regulating nutrient and biomass allocation patterns. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 155:828-841. [PMID: 32882620 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater and its associated nutrients sustain the establishment and persistence of phreatophytes. Rapid root elongation immediately after germination is vital for desert species to access deep water sources to avoid water-deficit stress. However, the growth strategy and responses to nutrients and water of young phreatophyte seedlings before their roots reach the water table are poorly understood, especially in the scenarios of nitrogen (N) deposition and drought. We investigated how simulated N deposition and drought affect the plasticity of Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings by multiple eco-physiological mechanisms. Seedlings were planted under drought-stressed or well-watered conditions and subjected to various levels of N addition (0, 3.0, 6.0, or 9.0 gN·m-2 yr-1). The amounts of N and water independently or interactively affected the photosynthetic traits, drought tolerance characteristics, morphological traits, biomass allocation strategy, and nutrient distribution patterns among the plant organs. Moreover, changes mediated by N addition at the leaf level reflected the drought acclimation of the seedlings, which may be related to biomass and nutrient partitioning between organs. The roots were found to be more sensitive to variation of the N:phosphorus (P) ratio, and greater proportions of biomass, N, and P were allocated to resource-acquiring organs (i.e., leaves and fine roots) than to other tissues. A. sparsifolia adopts numerous strategies to tolerate drought, and additional N input was crucial to enhance the growth of drought-stressed A. sparsifolia, which was mainly attributable to its positive impact on the N and P uptake capacity mediated by increased biomass allocation to the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China.
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China.
| | - Corina Graciano
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bo Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
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22
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Shihan A, Volaire F, Hättenschwiler S. Neighbor identity affects growth and survival of Mediterranean plants under recurrent drought. Oecologia 2020; 194:555-569. [PMID: 32880027 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The increasing intensity and frequency of droughts predicted for the Mediterranean basin with ongoing climate change will impact plant communities and ecosystem functioning. This study investigated the effect of severe recurrent droughts and the role of the neighbor plant identity on the growth and survival of three abundant and co-existing species of a typical Mediterranean shrubland. Two juvenile plants, either of the same species or in all possible combinations of the two woody species Quercus coccifera and Cistus albidus and the perennial grass species Brachypodium retusum were grown together in rhizotrons under controlled watering regimes for two years. Compared to a treatment with only one drought cycle, three successive droughts reduced the relative growth rates (RGR) of shoots and roots in B. retusum, but not in woody species, and increased the mortality of the woody species, but not that of the grass. The survival of C. albidus and of B. retusum, but not of Q. coccifera, increased when the neighbor individual was a different species than when it was the same species. Our data suggest that both species composition and frequency of drought events will impact the dynamics of plant communities in Mediterranean shrublands under ongoing climate change. The abundance of dehydration sensitive woody species will likely decrease under more frequent drought events at the expense of dehydration-tolerant grass species, resulting in potentially strong changes in the functioning of these ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Shihan
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France. .,Department of Renewable Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agricultural, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.
| | - Florence Volaire
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Zhang JY, Cun Z, Wu HM, Chen JW. Integrated analysis on biochemical profiling and transcriptome revealed nitrogen-driven difference in accumulation of saponins in a medicinal plant Panax notoginseng. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 154:564-580. [PMID: 32912490 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Panax notoginseng is considered a promising source of secondary metabolites due to its saponins. However, there are relatively few studies on the response of saponins to nitrogen (N) availability and the mechanisms underlying the N-driven regulation of saponins. Saponins content and saponins -related genes were analyzed in roots of P. notoginseng grown under low N (LN), moderate N (MN) and high N (HN). Saponins was obviously increased in LN individuals with a reduction in β-glucosidase activity. LN facilitated root architecture and N uptake rate. Compared with the LN individuals, 2872 and 1122 genes were incorporated into as differently expressed genes (DEGs) in the MN and HN individuals. Clustering and enrichment showed that DEGs related to "carbohydrate biosynthesis", "plant hormone signal transduction", "terpenoid backbone biosynthesis", "sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis" were enriched. The up-regulation of some saponins-related genes and microelement transporters was found in LN plants. Whereas the expression of IPT3, AHK4 and GS2 in LN plants fell far short of that in HN ones. Anyways, LN-induced accumulation of C-based metabolites as saponins might derive from the interaction between N and phytohormones in processing of N acquisition, and HN-induced reduction of saponins might be result from an increase in the form of β-glucosidase activity and N-dependent cytokinins (CKs) biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
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Ouédraogo S, Ouédraogo O, Dimobe K, Thiombiano A, Boussim JI. Prediction of aboveground biomass and carbon stock of Balanites aegyptaca, a multipurpose species in Burkina Faso. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04581. [PMID: 32793827 PMCID: PMC7408327 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile is native to semi-arid regions in Africa where it is a well-known and conspicuous component of savannas. The species is highly preferred by local people because of its high socio-economic, cultural and ecological values. However, the species faces multiple environmental challenges such as desertification and human pressure. This study aimed to develop allometric models to predict aboveground biomass (AGB) of B. aegyptiaca in two climatic zones in Burkina Faso. Overall, thirty trees were sampled using destructive method in six study stands along two climatic zones. We assessed the biomass allocation to the different components of trees by computing its fraction. Furthermore, allometric models based on diameter at breast height (dbh) and basal diameter at 20 cm height (D20) were fitted separately as well as combined with crown diameter (CD) and/or tree total height (Ht). For each biomass component, non-linear allometric models were fitted. Branch biomass accounted for 64% of the AGB in the two climatic zones and increased with dbh. No significant difference in carbon content was found. However, biomass allotment (except leaves) varied across climatic zones. Although both dbh and D20 are typically used as independent variables for predicting AGB, the inclusion of the height in the equations did not significantly improve the statistical fits for B. aegyptica. However, adding CD to dbh improved significantly the equations only in the Sudano-Sahelian zone. The established allometric models can provide reliable and accurate estimation of individual tree biomass of the species in areas of similar conditions and may contribute to relevant ecological and economical biomass inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambo Ouédraogo
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Ecology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Oumarou Ouédraogo
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Ecology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Kangbéni Dimobe
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Ecology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL), Competence Center, Avenue Muamar Khadhafi, Ouagadougou BP, 9507, Burkina Faso
- Institut des Sciences de l’Environnement et du Développement Rural, Université de Dédougou, BP 176 Dédougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Adjima Thiombiano
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Ecology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Joseph I. Boussim
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Ecology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
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Guo X, Xu ZW, Li MY, Ren XH, Liu J, Guo WH. Increased soil moisture aggravated the competitive effects of the invasive tree Rhus typhina on the native tree Cotinus coggygria. BMC Ecol 2020; 20:17. [PMID: 32228576 PMCID: PMC7106899 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-020-00284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Invasive exotic species have caused significant problems, and the effects of extreme precipitation and drought, which might occur more frequently under the global climate change scenarios, on interspecific relationship between invasive and native species remain unclear. Results We conducted a greenhouse experiment with three soil water levels (30–40%, 50–60%, and 70–80% of field capacity) and two cultivation treatments (monoculture pots, one seedling of either species and mixture pots, one seedling of each species) to investigate soil water content effects on the relationship between invasive Rhus typhina and native Cotinus coggygria. Rhus typhina had lower height but bigger crown area than C. coggygria in the monoculture treatment. Rhus typhina had higher height, bigger crown area and total biomass than C. coggygria in the mixture treatment. Drought decreased the growth parameters, total chlorophyll concentration, and leaf biomass, but did not change gas exchange and other biomass parameters in R. typhina. The growth parameters, leaf area index, biomass parameters, total chlorophyll concentration, and net photosynthetic rate of C. coggygria decreased under drought conditions. The log response ratio (lnRR), calculated as ln (total biomass of a target plant grown in monoculture/total biomass of a target plant grown in mixed culture), of R. typhina was lower than that of C. coggygria. The lnRR of R. typhina and C. coggygria decreased and increased with increase in soil water content, respectively. Conclusions Rhus typhina has greater capacity to relatively stable growth to the drought condition than C. coggygria and has strong competition advantages in the mixture with C. coggygria, especially in the drought condition. Our study will help understand the causes of invasiveness and wide distribution of R. typhina under various moisture conditions and predict its expansion under climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Wei Xu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yan Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Huang Ren
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hua Guo
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Cousins OH, Garnett TP, Rasmussen A, Mooney SJ, Smernik RJ, Brien CJ, Cavagnaro TR. Variable water cycles have a greater impact on wheat growth and soil nitrogen response than constant watering. Plant Sci 2020; 290:110146. [PMID: 31779906 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current climate change models project that water availability will become more erratic in the future. With soil nitrogen (N) supply coupled to water availability, it is important to understand the combined effects of variable water and N supply on food crop plants (above- and below-ground). Here we present a study that precisely controls soil moisture and compares stable soil moisture contents with a controlled wetting-drying cycle. Our aim was to identify how changes in soil moisture and N concentration affect shoot-root biomass, N acquisition in wheat, and soil N cycling. Using a novel gravimetric platform allowing fine-scale control of soil moisture dynamics, a 3 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted on wheat plants subjected to three rates of N application (0, 25 and 75 mg N/kg soil) and three soil moisture regimes (two uniform treatments: 23.5 and 13% gravimetric moisture content (herein referred to as Well-watered and Reduced water, respectively), and a Variable treatment which cycled between the two). Plant biomass, soil N and microbial biomass carbon were measured at three developmental stages: tillering (Harvest 1), flowering (Harvest 2), and early grain milk development (Harvest 3). Reduced water supply encouraged root growth when combined with medium and high N. Plant growth was more responsive to N than the water treatments imposed, with a 15-fold increase in biomass between the high and no added N treatment plants. Both uniform soil water treatments resulted in similar plant biomass, while the Variable water treatment resulted in less biomass overall, suggesting wheat prefers consistency whether at a Well-watered or Reduced water level. Plants did not respond well to variable soil moisture, highlighting the need to understand plant adaptation and biomass allocation with resource limitation. This is particularly relevant to developing irrigation practices, but also in the design of water availability experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia H Cousins
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Trevor P Garnett
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia; The Plant Accelerator, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Amanda Rasmussen
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Sacha J Mooney
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ronald J Smernik
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Chris J Brien
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia; The Plant Accelerator, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Timothy R Cavagnaro
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
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Korell L, Sandner TM, Matthies D, Ludewig K. Effects of drought and N level on the interactions of the root hemiparasite Rhinanthus alectorolophus with a combination of three host species. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2020; 22 Suppl 1:84-92. [PMID: 30779291 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing nitrogen deposition and more frequent drought events are likely to change plant interactions in natural grasslands. Both factors may also influence the interactions between hemiparasitic plants, regarded as keystone species in many grasslands, and their host species. We grew a combination of three suitable hosts, a grass, a forb and a legume, with and without the hemiparasite Rhinanthus alectorolophus at three levels of nitrogen (N) and two levels of water availability in a factorial design. Biomass of the hemiparasite and host community increased with N level and was reduced by drought to a similar degree. Larger plants in fertilised pots started to wilt earlier, and the presence of a hemiparasite further increased drought sensitivity. The hemiparasite strongly reduced biomass of the host community and overall productivity, and affected the competitive balance among host plants because it particularly reduced biomass of the dominant grass. These effects were the opposite of those of high N. The hemiparasite increased the root mass fraction of the hosts at all levels of N and water availability, indicating that the effect of the hemiparasite on the hosts was mainly due to loss of belowground resources. Our results indicate that hemiparasites will not always respond more strongly to increased N availability and drought than autotrophic plants, and that hemiparasites can have similarly strong effects on grassland communities as soil fertility and drought. By preferentially attacking dominant species the hemiparasites might alleviate the negative effects of nutrient enrichment on grassland diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Korell
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - T M Sandner
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - D Matthies
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - K Ludewig
- Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Gouveia CSS, Ganança JFT, Slaski J, Lebot V, Pinheiro de Carvalho MÂA. Variation of carbon and isotope natural abundances (δ 15N and δ 13C) of whole-plant sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) subjected to prolonged water stress. J Plant Physiol 2019; 243:153052. [PMID: 31689580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is an important crop in the world, cultivated in temperate climates under low inputs. Drought changes the plant biomass allocation, together with the carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N), whose changes are faintly known in sweet potato crops. Here, we show the biomass allocation of eight sweet potato accessions submitted to drought during 3 months, using the δ13C, δ15N, carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C), total carbon (TC) and water use efficiency (WUE) traits. The tolerant accessions had improved WUE, with higher TPB and TC. Storage roots and shoots had a heavier δ13C content under drought stress, with greater 13C fixation in roots. The Δ13C did not show a significant association with WUE. The δ15N values indicated a generalised N reallocation between whole-plant organs under drought, as a physiological integrator of response to environmental stress. This information can aid the selection of traits to be used in sweet potato breeding programs, to adapt this crop to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S S Gouveia
- ISOPlexis Genebank, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal.
| | - José F T Ganança
- ISOPlexis Genebank, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Jan Slaski
- ISOPlexis Genebank, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal; Ecosystems and Plant Sciences, InnoTech Alberta, PO Bag 4000, Hwy 16A & 75 Street, Vegreville, Alberta, Canada
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Li P, Zhou H, Xu Y, Shang B, Feng Z. The effects of elevated ozone on the accumulation and allocation of poplar biomass depend strongly on water and nitrogen availability. Sci Total Environ 2019; 665:929-936. [PMID: 30893752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution can alter carbon allocation and reduce tree growth - both above and below ground, but the extent of these effects depends on the variation in soil water and nutrient availability. Here we present the accumulation and allocation of biomass in poplar clone 546 (Populus deltoides cv. '55/56' × P. deltoides cv. 'Imperial') for one growing season at two O3 concentrations (charcoal-filtered air [CF] and non-filtered air + 40 ppb of O3 [E-O3]), two watering regimes (well-watered [WW] and reduced watering at 40% of WW irrigation [RW]) and two soil nitrogen addition treatments (no addition [N0] and the addition of 50 kg N ha-1 year-1 [N50]). We found that the deleterious effects of E-O3 depended on the supply of water and nitrogen. Specifically, when the supplies of water and/or N (WW and/or N50) were abundant, E-O3 significantly reduced whole plant biomass by >15% but had no significant effect on biomass when these supplies were limited (RW and N0). A significant reduction of biomass by E-O3 occurred earlier in fine roots than in other plant organs, indicating greater sensitivity of fine root to E-O3. These results suggest that rising O3 concentrations may not ubiquitously lead to a large reduction in plant biomass since plant growth is often jointly constrained by water and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Institute of Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Pan G, Zhang H, Liu P, Xiao Z, Li X, Liu W. Effects of manganese stress on phenology and biomass allocation in Xanthium strumarium from metalliferous and non-metalliferous sites. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 172:308-316. [PMID: 30716666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Xanthium strumarium is an annual pseudometallophyte. To reveal the mechanisms of this species to adapt to metallicolous environmental conditions, phenological traits and biomass allocation of metallicolous and non-metallicolous populations of X. strumarium under six Mn2+ concentrations by pot culture experiments were performed. The results showed that both time to bolting and time to fruit setting in the metallicolous population were earlier than those in the non-metallicolous population. The number of flowers, fruits, seeds and 1000-seed weight in the metallicolous population were higher than those in the non-metallicolous population under Mn stress. Reproductive allocation and harvest index in the metallicolous population were higher than those in the non-metallicolous population. Furthermore, all the Mn concentrations in leaves, stems, roots, and fruits of the metallicolous population were higher than the counterparts of non-metallicolous population. These results suggested that metallicolous population had higher tolerance to Mn stress than non-metallicolous population, the earlier flowering and fruiting, and the enhancement in reproductive allocation may contribute to plant tolerance to Mn toxicity for X. strumarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Pan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Heping Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Zehua Xiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Xinhang Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China.
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Sugiura D, Betsuyaku E, Terashima I. Interspecific differences in how sink-source imbalance causes photosynthetic downregulation among three legume species. Ann Bot 2019; 123:715-726. [PMID: 30517608 PMCID: PMC6417475 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sink-source imbalance could cause an accumulation of total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC; soluble sugar and starch) in source leaves. We aimed to clarify interspecific differences in how sink-source imbalance and TNC causes the downregulation of photosynthesis among three legume plants. The TNC in source leaves was altered by short-term manipulative treatments, and its effects on photosynthetic characteristics were evaluated. METHODS Soybean, French bean and azuki bean were grown under high nitrogen availability. After primary leaves were fully expanded, they were subjected to additional treatments: defoliation except for two primary leaves; transfer to low nitrogen conditions; transfer to low nitrogen conditions and defoliation; or irradiation by light-emitting diodes. Physiological and anatomical traits such as TNC content, maximum photosynthetic rate, cell wall content and δ13C values of primary leaves and whole-plant growth were examined. KEY RESULTS Among the three legume plants, the downregulation of maximum photosynthesis and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) content was co-ordinated with an increase in TNC only in French bean. Rubisco did not decrease with an increase in TNC in soybean and azuki bean. The defoliation treatment caused an increase in cell wall content especially in soybean, and maximum photosynthesis decreased despite resulting in a higher Rubisco content. This indicates that a decrease in mesophyll conductance could cause photosynthetic downregulation, which was confirmed by an increase in δ13C. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that a downregulation of photosynthesis in response to increased levels of TNC in source leaves can result not only from decreases in Rubisco content, but also from anatomical factors, such as an increase in cell wall thickness leading to reduced chloroplast CO2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sugiura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Betsuyaku
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
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Wu J, Li M, Fiedler S, Ma W, Wang X, Zhang X, Tietjen B. Impacts of grazing exclusion on productivity partitioning along regional plant diversity and climatic gradients in Tibetan alpine grasslands. J Environ Manage 2019; 231:635-645. [PMID: 30390448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The biodiversity-productivity relationship is critical for better predicting ecosystem responses to climate change and human disturbance. However, it remains unclear about the effects of climate change, land use shifts, plant diversity, and their interactions on productivity partitioning above- and below-ground components in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. To answer this question, we conducted field surveys at 33 grazed vs. fenced paired sites that are distributed across the alpine meadow, steppe, and desert-steppe zones on the northern Tibetan Plateau in early August of 2010-2013. Generalized additive models (GAMs) showed that aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) linearly increased with growing season precipitation (GSP) while belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) decreased with growing season temperature (GST). Compared to grazed sites, short-term fencing did not alter the patterns of ANPP along climatic gradients but tended to decrease BNPP at moderate precipitation levels of 200 mm < GSP <450 mm. We also found that ANPP and BNPP linearly increased with species richness, ANPP decreased with Shannon diversity index, and BNPP did not correlate with the Shannon diversity index. Fencing did not alter the relationships between productivity components and plant diversity indices. Generalized additive mixed models furtherly confirmed that the interaction of localized plant diversity and climatic condition nonlinearly regulated productivity partitioning of alpine grasslands in this area. Finally, structural equation models (SEMs) revealed the direction and strength of causal links between biotic and abiotic variables within alpine grassland ecosystems. ANPP was controlled directly by GSP (0.53) and indirectly via species richness (0.41) and Shannon index (-0.12). In contrast, BNPP was influenced directly by GST (-0.43) and indirectly by GSP via species richness (0.05) and Shannon index (-0.02). Therefore, we recommend using a joint approach of GAMs and SEMs for better understanding mechanisms behind the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function under climate change and human disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshuang Wu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lhasa National Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, 100101 Beijing, China; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Biodiversity/Theoretical Ecology, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lhasa National Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Biodiversity/Theoretical Ecology, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Weiling Ma
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lhasa National Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lhasa National Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, 100101 Beijing, China; Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Department of Animal Sciences, 860000 Linzhi, China
| | - Xianzhou Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lhasa National Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Britta Tietjen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Biodiversity/Theoretical Ecology, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Zhang H, Gao Y, Tasisa BY, Baskin JM, Baskin CC, Lü XT, Zhou D. Divergent responses to water and nitrogen addition of three perennial bunchgrass species from variously degraded typical steppe in Inner Mongolia. Sci Total Environ 2019; 647:1344-1350. [PMID: 30180341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Water and nitrogen (N) availability to plants are spatially and temporally variable in arid and semi-arid grasslands. We aimed to investigate the eco-physiological responses of three bunchgrass species to water and N addition along a gradient of habitat degradation in the Inner Mongolian typical grasslands. The effects of water and N addition on aboveground and belowground growth and biomass allocation and water- and nitrogen-use efficiency (WUE and NUE) of Stipa grandis, Agropyron cristatum and Cleistogenes squarrosa from non-degraded, moderately-degraded and heavily-degraded grasslands, respectively, were compared. Stipa grandis had higher specific root length and WUE than C. squarrosa, while C. squarrosa had higher NUE than S. grandis in water- and N-limited conditions. Responses of A. cristatum were intermediate between those of S. grandis and C. squarrosa. Water and N addition did not have a significant effect on growth and biomass allocation of S. grandis, but it increased growth and leaf biomass allocation of A. cristatum and growth and stem biomass allocation of C. squarrosa. The three species differ in WUE, NUE, biomass allocation and responses to water and N addition, and these differences are adaptive to their respective habitats. The degraded grasslands can be restored by an increase in water and N availability such as is expected to occur via climatic change, but S. grandis will not benefit from the increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Yingzhi Gao
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Buli Yohannis Tasisa
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jerry M Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Carol C Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Xiao-Tao Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Daowei Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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Abdusalam A, Li Q. Morphological plasticity and adaptation level of distylous Primula nivalis in a heterogeneous alpine environment. Plant Divers 2018; 40:284-291. [PMID: 30740575 PMCID: PMC6317488 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant populations at high elevation face extreme climatic conditions and resource limitations. The existence of distylous species at different elevations can help us investigate their adaptation to high altitudes, the evolution of their morphological characteristics, as well as their responses to limited resources. Here, 17 populations of Primula nivalis at different elevations were evaluated regarding variations in plant morphological characteristics, biomass allocation, and morphological plasticity in a heterogeneous environment. Our results demonstrate that heterogeneous environments can affect plant morphological characteristics and resource allocation in each sexual morph of these plants. Moreover, environmental variations reduced morphological plasticity in the two plant morphs, and the plasticity of long style (LS) plants was greater than that of short style (SS) plants. There were significant negative correlations between morphological characteristics and elevation, rainfall, temperature, and sunshine, and these are the main variables that affect morphological characteristics and resource allocation of both morphs of P. nivalis plants in heterogeneous environments. The morphological characteristics of P. nivalis plants transplanted from high to lower elevations were not significantly different in either population. LS plants had greater morphological plasticity and adaptability in heterogeneous environments than SS plants. Elevational gradients and heterogeneous environments differentiated both morphs of P. nivalis plants with regards to morphology as well as adaptations. LS plants showed a higher level of adaptability than SS plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysajan Abdusalam
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Biological Resources in Yarkand Oasis, College of Life and Geography Sciences, Kashi University, Kashgar, 844006, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun Town, Yunnan 666303, PR China
| | - Qingjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun Town, Yunnan 666303, PR China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
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Zhang N, Zhang J, Li Z, Chen J, Zhang Z, Mu C. Resistance strategies of Phragmites australis (common reed) to Pb pollution in flood and drought conditions. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4188. [PMID: 29312820 PMCID: PMC5756451 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance strategies of clonal organs, and parent and offspring shoots of Phragmites australis (common reed) to heavy metal pollution in soils are not well known. To clarify the tolerance or resistance strategies in reeds, we conducted a pot experiment with five levels of Pb concentration (0∼4,500 mg kg−1) in flood and drought conditions. Lead toxicity had no inhibitory effect on the number of offspring shoots in flood environment; however, biomass accumulation, and photosynthetic and clonal growth parameters were inhibited in both water environment. At each treatment of Pb concentration, offspring shoots had greater biomass and higher photosynthesis indicators than parent shoots. The lowest Pb allocation was found in rhizomes. More of the Pb transported to above-ground parts tended to accumulate in parent shoots rather than in offspring shoots. Biomass and photosynthesis of offspring shoots, rhizome length, and the number of buds, rhizomes and offspring shoots in the flooded treatment were significantly greater than those in the drought treatment. Our results indicated that the tolerance strategies used by reeds, including higher biomass accumulation and photosynthesis in offspring shoots, low allocation of Pb in rhizomes and offspring shoots, and stable clonal growth, maintained the stability of population propagation and productivity, improving the resistance of reeds to Pb pollution in flood environment. However, the resistance or tolerance was significantly reduced by the synergistic effect of Pb and drought, which significantly inhibited biomass accumulation, photosynthesis, and clonal growth of reeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China.,Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Academy of Climate Change and Public Policy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunsheng Mu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Sugiura D, Watanabe CKA, Betsuyaku E, Terashima I. Sink-Source Balance and Down-Regulation of Photosynthesis in Raphanus sativus: Effects of Grafting, N and CO2. Plant Cell Physiol 2017; 58:2043-2056. [PMID: 29216401 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To clarify whether excessive accumulation of total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) causes down-regulation of photosynthesis in Raphanus sativus, we manipulated sink-source balance to alter TNC levels in source leaves and examined its effects on photosynthetic characteristics, whole-plant biomass allocation and anatomical characteristics of leaves and petioles. Comet and Leafy varieties with large and small hypocotyls were reciprocally grafted to change hypocotyl sink strength. They were grown at high or low nitrogen (N) availability and at elevated or ambient CO2. Maximum photosynthetic rate, which was highly correlated with Rubisco and leaf N contents, was hardly correlated with TNC across the grafting combinations and growth conditions. Biomass allocation to petioles and hypocotyls and accumulation of TNC in each organ were significantly higher at low N. TNC and structural carbohydrates such as cellulose and hemicellulose were higher and the proportion of intercellular air space in source leaves was lower at low N and elevated CO2. We conclude that excess TNC does not cause severe down-regulation of photosynthesis, and cell walls and petioles are also major carbohydrate sinks responding to changes in sink-source and carbon-nitrogen balances, which contribute to alleviating further accumulation of TNC to avoid its negative effects in source leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sugiura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Chihiro K A Watanabe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Eriko Betsuyaku
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Zhao Y, Li Z, Zhang J, Song H, Liang Q, Tao J, Cornelissen JHC, Liu J. Do shallow soil, low water availability, or their combination increase the competition between grasses with different root systems in karst soil? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:10640-10651. [PMID: 28283974 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Uneven soil depth and low water availability are the key limiting factors to vegetation restoration and reconstruction in limestone soils such as in vulnerable karst regions. Belowground competition will possibly increase under limited soil resources. Here, we investigate whether low resource availability (including shallow soil, low water availability, and shallow soil and low water availability combined) stimulates the competition between grasses with different root systems in karst soil, by assessing their growth response, biomass allocation, and morphological plasticity. In a full three-way factorial blocked design of soil depth by water availability by neighbor identity, we grew Festuca arundinacea (deep-rooted) and Lolium perenne (shallow-rooted) under normal versus shallow soil depth, high versus low water availability, and in monoculture (conspecific neighbor) versus mixture (neighbor of the other species). The key results were as follows: (1) total biomass and aboveground biomass in either of the species decreased with reduction of resources but were not affected by planting patterns (monoculture or mixture) even at low resource levels. (2) For F. arundinacea, root biomass, root mass fraction, total root length, and root volume were higher in mixture than in monoculture at high resource level (consistent with resource use complementarity), but lower in mixture than in monoculture at low resource levels (consistent with interspecific competition). In contrast for L. perenne, either at high or low resource level, these root traits had mostly similar values at both planting patterns. These results suggest that deep-rooted and shallow-rooted plant species can coexist in karst regions under current climatic regimes. Declining resources, due to shallow soil, a decrease in precipitation, or combined shallow soil and karst drought, increased the root competition between plants of deep-rooted and shallow-rooted species. The root systems of deep-rooted plants may be too small to get sufficient water and nutrients from dry, shallow soil, while shallow-rooted plants will maintain a dominant position with their already adaptive strategy in respect of root biomass allocation and root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Haiyan Song
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qianhui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jianping Tao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jinchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Wang XM, Zhao L, Yan BG, Shi LT, Liu GC, He YX. Morphological and physiological responses of Heteropogon contortus to drought stress in a dry-hot valley. Bot Stud 2016; 57:17. [PMID: 28597427 PMCID: PMC5430569 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-016-0131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heteropogon contortus is a valuable pasture species that is widely used for vegetation restoration in dry-hot valleys of China. However, to date, its morphological and physiological responses to drought, and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study was aimed to investigate the morphological and physiological changes of H. contortus under drought stress during the dry-hot season. Heteropogon contortus was planted in pots and subjected to four levels of soil water treatments: above 85 % (control), 70-75 % (light stress), 55-60 % (moderate stress) or 35-40 % (severe stress) of field capacity. RESULTS Within the total stress period (0-29 days), H. contortus grew rapidly in the light stress, whereas severe stress had a negative impact on growth. Aboveground biomass decreased together with increasing drought stress, whereas root biomass increased. Consequently, the root/shoot ratio of the severe stress treatment increased by 80 % compared to that of the control treatment. The ratio of bound water/free water (BW/FW) was the most sensitive parameter to drought and showed a value under severe stress that was 152.83 % more than that in the control treatment. Although leaf water potential (LWP) and leaf relative water content (RWC) decreased with progressive water stress, H. contortus managed to maintain a relatively high RWC (nearly 70 %) in the severe stress condition. We also detected a significant reduction (below 0.6) in the ratio of variable fluorescence/maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) in the severe stress treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that H. contortus adapts to drought mainly by avoidance mechanisms, and its morphological and physiological characteristics are inhibited under severe stress, but can recover at a certain time after re-watering. These findings might help limited water resources to be fully used for vegetation management in the studied region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Chengdu, 610041 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Environment and Resource Science, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
| | - Bang-guo Yan
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Chengdu, 610041 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Liang-tao Shi
- Institute of Tropical Eco-agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmou, 651300 Yunnan Province China
| | - Gang-cai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yu-xiao He
- Institute of Resources and Environment, He’nan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000 He’nan China
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Li MJ, Xiong ZT, Liu H, Kuo YM, Tong L. Copper-induced alteration in sucrose partitioning and its relationship to the root growth of two Elsholtzia haichowensis Sun populations. Int J Phytoremediation 2016; 18:966-976. [PMID: 27153457 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1183564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponic culture was used to comparatively investigate the copper (Cu)-induced alteration to sucrose metabolism and biomass allocation in two Elsholtzia haichowensis Sun populations with one from a Cu-contaminated site (CS) and the other from a non-contaminated site (NCS). Experimental results revealed that biomass allocation preferred roots over shoots in CS population, and shoots over roots in NCS population under Cu exposure. The difference in biomass allocation was correlated with the difference in sucrose partitioning between the two populations. Cu treatment (45 μM) significantly decreased leaf sucrose content and increased root sucrose content in CS population as a result of the increased activities of leaf sucrose synthesis enzymes (sucrose phosphate synthetase and sucrose synthase) and root sucrose cleavage enzyme (vacuolar invertase), which led to increased sucrose transport from leaves to roots. In contrast, higher Cu treatment increased sucrose content in leaves and decreased sucrose content in roots in NCS population as a result of the decreased activities of root sucrose cleavage enzymes (vacuolar and cell wall invertases) that led to less sucrose transport from leaves to roots. These results provide important insights into carbon resource partitioning and biomass allocation strategies in metallophytes and are beneficial for the implementation of phytoremediation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jing Li
- a School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan , China
- b School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Zhi-Ting Xiong
- b School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
- c Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory (Wuhan University) , Wuhan , China
| | - Hui Liu
- a School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan , China
| | - Yi-Ming Kuo
- a School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan , China
| | - Lei Tong
- a School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan , China
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Macek P, Prieto I, Macková J, Pistón N, Pugnaire FI. Functional Plant Types Drive Plant Interactions in a Mediterranean Mountain Range. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:662. [PMID: 27242863 PMCID: PMC4876123 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Shrubs have positive (facilitation) and negative (competition) effects on understory plants, the net interaction effect being modulated by abiotic conditions. Overall shrubs influence to great extent the structure of plant communities where they have significant presence. Interactions in a plant community are quite diverse but little is known about their variability and effects at community level. Here we checked the effects of co-occurring shrub species from different functional types on a focal understory species, determining mechanisms driving interaction outcome, and tested whether effects measured on the focal species were a proxy for effects measured at the community level. Growth, physiological, and reproductive traits of Euphorbia nicaeensis, our focal species, were recorded on individuals growing in association with four dominant shrub species and in adjacent open areas. We also recorded community composition and environmental conditions in each microhabitat. Shrubs provided environmental conditions for plant growth, which contrasted with open areas, including moister soil, greater N content, higher air temperatures, and lower radiation. Shrub-associated individuals showed lower reproductive effort and greater allocation to growth, while most physiological traits remained unaffected. Euphorbia individuals were bigger and had more leaf N under N-fixing than under non-fixing species. Soil moisture was also higher under N-fixing shrubs; therefore soil conditions in the understory may counter reduced light conditions. There was a significant effect of species identity and functional types in the outcome of plant interactions with consistent effects at individual and community levels. The contrasting allocation strategies to reproduction and growth in Euphorbia plants, either associated or not with shrubs, showed high phenotypic plasticity and evidence its ability to cope with contrasting environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Macek
- Faculty of Science, University of South BohemiaČeské Budějovice, Czech Republic
- LINCGlobal, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasAlmería, Spain
| | - Iván Prieto
- LINCGlobal, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasAlmería, Spain
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175, Université de Montpellier – Université Paul Valéry – EPHEMontpellier, France
| | - Jana Macková
- LINCGlobal, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasAlmería, Spain
- Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre CASČeské Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Nuria Pistón
- LINCGlobal, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasAlmería, Spain
- Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco I. Pugnaire
- LINCGlobal, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasAlmería, Spain
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Xu GQ, McDowell NG, Li Y. A possible link between life and death of a xeric tree in desert. J Plant Physiol 2016; 194:35-44. [PMID: 26968083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between drought and tree ontogeny or size remains an essential research priority because size-specific mortality patterns have large impacts on ecosystem structure and function, determine forest carbon storage capacity, and are sensitive to climatic change. Here we investigate a xerophytic tree species (Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A. Mey.)) with which the changes in biomass allocation with tree size may play an important role in size-specific mortality patterns. Size-related changes in biomass allocation, root distribution, plant water status, gas exchange, hydraulic architecture and non-structural carbohydrate reserves of this xerophytic tree species were investigated to assess their potential role in the observed U-shaped mortality pattern. We found that excessively negative water potentials (<-4.7MPa, beyond the P50leaf of -4.1MPa) during prolonged drought in young trees lead to hydraulic failure; while the imbalance of photoassimilate allocation between leaf and root system in larger trees, accompanied with declining C reserves (<2% dry matter across four tissues), might have led to carbon starvation. The drought-resistance strategy of this species is preferential biomass allocation to the roots to improve water capture. In young trees, the drought-resistance strategy is not well developed, and hydraulic failure appears to be the dominant driver of mortality during drought. With old trees, excess root growth at the expense of leaf area may lead to carbon starvation during prolonged drought. Our results suggest that the drought-resistance strategy of this xeric tree is closely linked to its life and death: well-developed drought-resistance strategy means life, while underdeveloped or overdeveloped drought-resistance strategy means death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Qing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China.
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Robakowski P, Bielinis E, Stachowiak J, Mejza I, Bułaj B. Seasonal Changes Affect Root Prunasin Concentration in Prunus serotina and Override Species Interactions between P. serotina and Quercus petraea. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:202-14. [PMID: 26961681 PMCID: PMC4839042 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The allocation of resources to chemical defense can decrease plant growth and photosynthesis. Prunasin is a cyanogenic glycoside known for its role in defense against herbivores and other plants. In the present study, fluctuations of prunasin concentrations in roots of Prunus serotina seedlings were hypothesized to be: (1) dependent on light, air temperature, and humidity; (2) affected by competition between Prunus serotina and Quercus petraea seedlings, with mulching with Prunus serotina leaves; (3) connected with optimal allocation of resources. For the first time, we determined prunasin concentration in roots on several occasions during the vegetative season. The results indicate that seasonal changes have more pronounced effects on prunasin concentration than light regime and interspecific competition. Prunus serotina invested more nitrogen in the synthesis of prunasin under highly restricted light conditions than in higher light environments. In full sun, prunasin in roots of Prunus serotina growing in a monoculture was correlated with growth and photosynthesis, whereas these relationships were not found when interspecific competition with mulching was a factor. The study demonstrates that prunasin concentration in Prunus serotina roots is the result of species-specific adaptation, light and temperature conditions, ontogenetic shift, and, to a lesser extent, interspecific plant-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Robakowski
- Department of Forestry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71E St., 60-625, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ernest Bielinis
- Department of Forestry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71E St., 60-625, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jerzy Stachowiak
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75 St., 60-625, Poznan, Poland
| | - Iwona Mejza
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28 St., 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bułaj
- Department of Forestry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71E St., 60-625, Poznan, Poland
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Gu XZ, Chen KN, Wang ZD. Response of N₂O emissions to elevated water depth regulation: comparison of rhizosphere versus non-rhizosphere of Phragmites australis in a field-scale study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:5268-5276. [PMID: 26561329 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) from wetland ecosystems are globally significant and have recently received increased attention. However, relatively few direct studies of these emissions in response to water depth-related changes in sediment ecosystems have been conducted, despite the likely role they play as hotspots of N2O production. We investigated depth-related differential responses of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen distribution in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. rhizosphere versus non-rhizosphere sediments to determine if they accelerated N2O emissions and the release of inorganic nitrogen. Changes in static water depth and P. australis growth both had the potential to disrupt the distribution of porewater dissolved NH4 (+), NO3 (-), and NO2 (-) in profiles, and NO3 (-) had strong surface aggregation tendency and decreased significantly with depth. Conversely, the highest NO2 (-) contents were observed in deep water and the lowest in shallow water in the P. australis rhizosphere. When compared with NO3 (-), NH4 (+), and NO2 (-), fluxes from the rhizosphere were more sensitive to the effects of water depth, and both fluxes increased significantly at a depth of more than 1 m. Similarly, N2O emissions were obviously accelerated with increasing depth, although those from the rhizosphere were more readily controlled by P. australis. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that water depth was significantly related to N2O emission and NO2 (-) fluxes, and N2O emissions were also strongly dependent on NO2 (-) fluxes (r = 0.491, p < 0.05). The results presented herein provide new insights into inorganic nitrogen biogeochemical cycles in freshwater sediment ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, 73# East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai-Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, 73# East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-de Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, 73# East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210008, People's Republic of China
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Tadrist L, Darbois-Texier B. Are leaves optimally designed for self-support? An investigation on giant monocots. J Theor Biol 2016; 396:125-31. [PMID: 26920248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Leaves are the organs that intercept light and create photosynthesis. Efficient light interception is provided by leaves oriented orthogonal to most of the sun rays. Except in the polar regions, this means orthogonal to the direction of acceleration due to gravity, or simply horizontal. The leaves of almost all terrestrial plants grow in a gravity field that tends to bend them downward and therefore may counteract light interception. Plants thus allocate biomass for self-support in order to maintain their leaves horizontal. To compete with other species (inter-species competition), as well as other individuals within the same species (intra-species competition), self-support must be achieved with the least biomass produced. This study examines to what extent leaves are designed to self-support. We show here that a basic mechanical model provides the optimal dimensions of a leaf for light interception and self-support. These results are compared to measurements made on leaves of various giant monocot species, especially palm trees and banana trees. The comparison between experiments and model predictions shows that the longer palms are optimally designed for self-support whereas shorter leaves are shaped predominantly by other parameters of selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Tadrist
- LadHyX, Department of Mechanics, École Polytechnique-CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France; Microfluidics Lab, Department of Aerospace and Mechanics, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium.
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Liu S, Luo Y, Yang R, He C, Cheng Q, Tao J, Ren B, Wang M, Ma M. High resource-capture and -use efficiency, and effective antioxidant protection contribute to the invasiveness of Alnus formosana plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 2015; 96:436-447. [PMID: 26433486 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the traits contributing to the invasiveness of Alnus formosana and the mechanisms underlying its invasiveness, we compared A. formosana with its native congener (Alnus cremastogyne) under three light treatments (13%, 56%, and 100%). The consistently higher plant height, total leaf area, light-saturated photosynthetic rate (A(max)), light saturation point (LSP), light compensation point (LCP), respiration efficiency (RE), and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) but lower root mass fraction (RMF) and specific leaf area (SLA) of the invader than of its native congener contributed to the higher RGR and total biomass of A. formosana across light regimes. The total biomass and RGR of the invader increased markedly with increased RMF, A(max), LSP, LCP, RE, stomatal conductance (G(s)) and total leaf area. Furthermore, compared with the native species, the higher plasticity index in plant height, RMF, leaf mass fraction (LMF), SMF, SLA, A(max) and dark respiration rate (R(d)) within the range of total light contributed to the higher performance of the invader. In addition, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were higher in the invader compared to the native, contributing to its invasion success under high/low light via photoprotection. With a decrease in light level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased significantly, whereas total carotenoid (Car) and total chlorophyll (Chl) decreased; ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities remained unchanged. These responses may help the invader to spread and invade a wide range of habitats and form dense monocultures, displacing native plant species. The results suggest that both resource capture-related traits (morphological and photosynthetic) and adaptation-related traits (antioxidant protection) contribute to the competitive advantage of the invader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Liu
- Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China.
| | - Yiming Luo
- Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Chengxiang He
- Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Qingsu Cheng
- Division of Life Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jianjun Tao
- Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Bo Ren
- Institute of Forestry Research, Sichuan Academy of Forestry (SAF), Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, PR China
| | - Maohua Wang
- Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305754, South Korea
| | - Mingdong Ma
- Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China.
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Duan R, Huang M, Kong X, Wang Z, Fan W. Ecophysiological responses to different forest patch type of two codominant tree seedlings. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:265-74. [PMID: 25691956 PMCID: PMC4314260 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
According to gap-phase dynamics theory, forests can be divided into four distinct patch types: gap patch (G), building patch (B), mature patch (M), and degeneration patch (D). Varying light conditions across patch types are one of the most important factors affecting the coexistence of vegetation. Mechanisms of coexistence can be understood through detailed knowledge of ecophysiological responses of codominant tree seedlings to patch types. The following study was conducted to determine ecophysiological responses of Cyclobalanopsis glauca (an evergreen broad-leaved species) and Bothrocaryum controversum (a deciduous broad-leaved species) to four different patch types. During the gap-phase dynamics, light intensity and the magnitude of change in the four different patches followed the order of: G > B > D > M. Both species had the greatest photosynthetic capacity in the G patch. Dry leaf mass per area (LMA), Chlorophyll a + b concentration (Chl), carotenoids (Car), and nitrogen content per area (N a ) all responded to changes in light across patch type, but B. controversum showed greater sensitivity and changes than C. glauca. From G to M patch, the maximal quantum efficiency of PSII (F v /F m ) had a larger variation magnitude for B. controversum than for C. glauca. From G to M patch, B. controversum showed significant changes in gas exchange, while C. glauca showed only small changes. Ecophysiological trait partitioning of response to light in different patches provides a possible explanation of a coexistence mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyan Duan
- College of Life Science, Anqing Normal UniversityAnqing, 246011, China
| | - Minyi Huang
- College of Life Science, Anqing Normal UniversityAnqing, 246011, China
| | - Xiaoquan Kong
- College of Life Science, Anqing Normal UniversityAnqing, 246011, China
| | - Zhigao Wang
- College of Life Science, Anqing Normal UniversityAnqing, 246011, China
| | - Weiyi Fan
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an, 710062, China
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Guo WY, Lambertini C, Nguyen LX, Li XZ, Brix H. Preadaptation and post-introduction evolution facilitate the invasion of Phragmites australis in North America. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:4567-77. [PMID: 25558352 PMCID: PMC4278810 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with non-invasive species, invasive plant species may benefit from certain advantageous traits, for example, higher photosynthesis capacity and resource/energy-use efficiency. These traits can be preadapted prior to introduction, but can also be acquired through evolution following introduction to the new range. Disentangling the origins of these advantageous traits is a fundamental and emerging question in invasion ecology. We conducted a multiple comparative experiment under identical environmental condition with the invasive haplotype M lineage of the wetland grass Phragmites australis and compared the ecophysiological traits of this invasive haplotype M in North America with those of the European ancestor and the conspecific North American native haplotype E lineage, P. australis ssp. americanus. The invasive haplotype M differed significantly from the native North American conspecific haplotype E in several ecophysiological and morphological traits, and the European haplotype M had a more efficient photosynthetic apparatus than the native North American P. australis ssp. americanus. Within the haplotype M lineage, the introduced North American P. australis exhibited different biomass allocation patterns and resource/energy-use strategies compared to its European ancestor group. A discriminant analysis of principal components separated the haplotype M and the haplotype E lineages completely along the first canonical axis, highly related to photosynthetic gas-exchange parameters, photosynthetic energy-use efficiency and payback time. The second canonical axis, highly related to photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and construction costs, significantly separated the introduced P. australis in North America from its European ancestor. Synthesis. We conclude that the European P. australis lineage was preadapted to be invasive prior to its introduction, and that the invasion in North America is further stimulated by rapid post-introduction evolution in several advantageous traits. The multicomparison approach used in this study could be an effective approach for distinguishing preadaptation and post-introduction evolution of invasive species. Further research is needed to link the observed changes in invasive traits to the genetic variation and the interaction with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yong Guo
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Ole Worms Allé 1, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark ; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Carla Lambertini
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Ole Worms Allé 1, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Loc Xuan Nguyen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Ole Worms Allé 1, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark ; College of Environment and Natural Resources, Campus II, Can Tho University 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Xiu-Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hans Brix
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Ole Worms Allé 1, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Zhang L, Pan Y, Lv W, Xiong ZT. Physiological responses of biomass allocation, root architecture, and invertase activity to copper stress in young seedlings from two populations of Kummerowia stipulacea (maxim.) Makino. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014; 104:278-284. [PMID: 24726940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we hypothesize that mine (metallicolous) populations of metallophytes form a trade-off between the roots and shoots when under copper (Cu) stress to adapt themselves to heavy metal contaminated habitats, and thus, differ from normal (non-metallicolous) populations in biomass allocation. To test the hypothesis, two populations of the metallophyte Kummerowia stipulacea, one from an ancient Cu mine (MP) and the other from a non-contaminated site (NMP), were treated with Cu(2+) in hydroponic conditions. The results showed that MP plants had higher root/shoot biomass allocation and more complicated root system architecture compared to those of the NMP plants when under Cu stress. The net photosynthetic capacity was more inhibited in the NMP plants than in the MP plants when under Cu stress. The sugar (sucrose and hexose) contents and acid invertase activities of MP plants were elevated while those in NMP plants were inhibited after Cu treatment. The neutral/alkaline invertase activities and sucrose synthase level showed no significant differences between the two populations when under Cu stress. The results showed that acid invertase played an important role in biomass allocation and that the physiological responses were beneficial for the high root/shoot biomass allocation, which were advantageous during adaptive evolution to Cu-enriched mine soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Zhang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Yuxue Pan
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Wei Lv
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-ting Xiong
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People׳s Republic of China.
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Zhou X, Zhang Y, Niklas KJ. Sensitivity of growth and biomass allocation patterns to increasing nitrogen: a comparison between ephemerals and annuals in the Gurbantunggut Desert, north-western China. Ann Bot 2014; 113:501-11. [PMID: 24287812 PMCID: PMC3906968 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Biomass accumulation and allocation patterns are critical to quantifying ecosystem dynamics. However, these patterns differ among species, and they can change in response to nutrient availability even among genetically related individuals. In order to understand this complexity further, this study examined three ephemeral species (with very short vegetative growth periods) and three annual species (with significantly longer vegetative growth periods) in the Gurbantunggut Desert, north-western China, to determine their responses to different nitrogen (N) supplements under natural conditions. METHODS Nitrogen was added to the soil at rates of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 24.0 g N m(-2) year(-1). Plants were sampled at various intervals to measure relative growth rate and shoot and root dry mass. KEY RESULTS Compared with annuals, ephemerals grew more rapidly, increased shoot and root biomass with increasing N application rates and significantly decreased root/shoot ratios. Nevertheless, changes in the biomass allocation of some species (i.e. Erodium oxyrrhynchum) in response to the N treatment were largely a consequence of changes in overall plant size, which was inconsistent with an optimal partitioning model. An isometric log shoot vs. log root scaling relationship for the final biomass harvest was observed for each species and all annuals, while pooled data of three ephemerals showed an allometric scaling relationship. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that ephemerals and annuals differ observably in their biomass allocation patterns in response to soil N supplements, although an isometric log shoot vs. log root scaling relationship was maintained across all species. These findings highlight that different life history strategies behave differently in response to N application even when interspecific scaling relationships remain nearly isometric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Zhou
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Karl J. Niklas
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Lei L, Xiang-yi L, Xin-wen X, Li-sha L, Fan-jiang Z, Feng-li C. Assimilative branches and leaves of the desert plant Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. possesses a different adaptation mechanism to shade. Plant Physiol Biochem 2014; 74:239-45. [PMID: 24316582 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Leaves and assimilative branches are crucial to the life cycle of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. (Fabaceae), which grows in high-irradiance environments and is the main vegetation in the forelands of the Taklamakan Desert. This plant has an important role in wind protection and sand fixation at the oasis-desert transition zone. The morphology, physiology, and photosynthesis of A. sparsifolia leaves growing under low-light conditions have been extensively investigated. However, whether the plant's assimilative branches adapt similarly to low light levels is unclear, as are its specific light adaptation mechanisms. In this report, we characterized the biomass allocation, morphology, and chlorophyll a fluorescence of leaves and assimilative branches of A. sparsifolia. The results indicated that low-light conditions limited the normal growth of A. sparsifolia. The fraction of biomass allocated to leaves increased, whereas that to assimilative branches decreased. In addition, leaf thickness and assimilative branch diameter decreased, resulting in higher specific leaf area, specific assimilative branch length, and area for higher light absorbing and higher efficiency of light-usage. The assimilative branches and leaves were responded oppositely under low-light conditions in that leaves had lower photosystem II activity and assimilative branches had higher light-use efficiency to maximize light energy absorption for growth of A. sparsifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Cele National Station of Observation & Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang, Cele, 848300, China
| | - Li Xiang-yi
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation & Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang, Cele, 848300, China.
| | - Xu Xin-wen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Lin Li-sha
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation & Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang, Cele, 848300, China
| | - Zeng Fan-jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation & Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang, Cele, 848300, China
| | - Chen Feng-li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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