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Truong TQ, Park YJ, Winarto J, Huynh PK, Moon J, Choi YB, Song DG, Koo SY, Kim SM. Understanding the Impact of Nitrogen Availability: A Limiting Factor for Enhancing Fucoxanthin Productivity in Microalgae Cultivation. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:93. [PMID: 38393064 PMCID: PMC10889934 DOI: 10.3390/md22020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the regulation of fucoxanthin (FX) biosynthesis under various nitrogen conditions to optimize FX productivity in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Apart from light, nitrogen availability significantly affects the FX production of microalgae; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In batch culture, P. tricornutum was cultivated with normal (NN, 0.882 mM sodium nitrate), limited (LN, 0.22 mM), and high (HN, 8.82 mM) initial nitrogen concentrations in f/2 medium. Microalgal growth and photosynthetic pigment production were examined, and day 5 samples were subjected to fucoxanthin-chlorophyll a/c-binding protein (FCP) proteomic and transcriptomic analyses. The result demonstrated that HN promoted FX productivity by extending the exponential growth phase for higher biomass and FX accumulation stage (P1), showing a continuous increase in FX accumulation on day 6. Augmented FX biosynthesis via the upregulation of carotenogenesis could be primarily attributed to enhanced FCP formation in the thylakoid membrane. Key proteins, such as LHC3/4, LHCF8, LHCF5, and LHCF10, and key genes, such as PtPSY, PtPDS, and PtVDE, were upregulated under nitrogen repletion. Finally, the combination of low light and HN prolonged the P1 stage to day 10, resulting in maximal FX productivity to 9.82 ± 0.56 mg/L/day, demonstrating an effective strategy for enhancing FX production in microalgae cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- To Quyen Truong
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (T.Q.T.); (J.W.); (P.K.H.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Yun Ji Park
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Jessica Winarto
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (T.Q.T.); (J.W.); (P.K.H.)
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.-G.S.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Phuong Kim Huynh
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (T.Q.T.); (J.W.); (P.K.H.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Jinyoung Moon
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Yeong Bin Choi
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Dae-Geun Song
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.-G.S.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Song Yi Koo
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.-G.S.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Sang Min Kim
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (T.Q.T.); (J.W.); (P.K.H.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
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Lu L, Wang Q, Zhang W, Gao M, Xv Y, Li S, Dong H, Chen D, Yan P, Dong Z. Urea Coated with Polyaspartic Acid-Chitosan Increases Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italica L. Beauv.) Grain Yield by Improving Nitrogen Metabolism. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:415. [PMID: 38337948 PMCID: PMC10857690 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Innovative measures of nitrogen (N) fertilization to increase season-long N availability is essential for gaining the optimal foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.) productivity and N use efficiency. A split plot field experiment was conducted using the foxtail millet variety Huayougu 9 in 2020 and 2021 in Northeast China to clarify the physiological mechanism of a novel polyaspartic acid-chitosan (PAC)-coated urea on N assimilation and utilization from foxtail millet. Conventional N fertilizer (CN) and the urea-coated -PAC treatments were tested under six nitrogen fertilizer application levels of 0, 75, 112.5, 150, 225, and 337.5 kg N ha-1. The results showed that compared to CN, PN increased the foxtail millet yield by 5.53-15.75% and 10.43-16.17% in 2020 and 2021, respectively. PN increased the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation by 7.81-18.15% and 12.91-41.92%, respectively. PN also enhanced the activities of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, thereby increasing the soluble protein in the leaf, plant, and grain N content at harvest compared to CN. Consequently, partial factor productivity from applied N, the agronomic efficiency of applied N, recovery efficiency of applied N, and physiological efficiency of applied N of foxtail millet under PN treatments compared to CN were increased. The improvement effect of the items above was more noticeable under the low-middle N application levels (75, 112.5, and 150 kg N ha-1). In conclusion, the PAC could achieve the goal of high yield and high N use efficiency in foxtail millet under the background of a one-time basic fertilizer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.L.); (W.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.D.); (D.C.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.L.); (W.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.D.); (D.C.)
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Institute of Crop Resources Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Yanli Xv
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.L.); (W.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.D.); (D.C.)
| | - Shujie Li
- Institute of Crop Resources Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Haosheng Dong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.L.); (W.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.D.); (D.C.)
| | - Disu Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.L.); (W.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.D.); (D.C.)
| | - Peng Yan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.L.); (W.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.D.); (D.C.)
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.L.); (W.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.D.); (D.C.)
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
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Xia N, Du E, Tang Y, Guo H. A distinctive latitudinal trend of nitrogen isotope signature across urban forests in eastern China. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:5666-5676. [PMID: 37555694 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization has greatly altered nitrogen (N) cycling from regional to global scales. Compared to natural forests, urban forests receive much more external N inputs with distinctive abundances of stable N isotope (δ15 N). However, the large-scale pattern of soil δ15 N and its imprint on plant δ15 N remain less well understood in urban forests. By collecting topsoil (0-20 cm) and leaf samples from urban forest patches in nine large cities across a north-south transect in eastern China, we analyzed the latitudinal trends of topsoil C:N ratio and δ15 N as well as the correlations between tree leaf δ15 N and topsoil δ15 N. We further explored the spatial variation of topsoil δ15 N explained by corresponding climatic, edaphic, vegetation-associated, and anthropogenic drivers. Our results showed a significant increase of topsoil C:N ratio towards higher latitudes, suggesting lower N availability at higher latitudes. Topsoil δ15 N also increased significantly at higher latitudes, being opposite to the latitudinal trend of soil N availability. The latitudinal trend of topsoil δ15 N was mainly explained by mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and atmospheric deposition of both ammonium and nitrate. Consequently, tree leaf δ15 N showed significant positive correlations with topsoil δ15 N across all sampled plant species and functional types. Our findings reveal a distinctive latitudinal trend of δ15 N in urban forests and highlight an important role of anthropogenic N sources in shaping the large-scale pattern of urban forest 15 N signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Enzai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Chen YP, Li SK, An B, Zhu Y, Zou HL, Cui SX, Fu HY, Mao R, Zhang Y. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae and extraradical mycelium of subtropical tree species on soil nitrogen mineralization and enzyme activities. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:1235-1243. [PMID: 37236940 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202305.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Through symbiosis with plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi effectively improve the availability of soil nitrogen (N). However, the mechanism through which AM and associated extraradical mycelium affect soil N mineralization remains unknow. We carried out an in situ soil culture experiment by using in-growth cores in plantations of three subtropical tree species, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Schima superba, and Liquidambar formosana. We measured soil physical and chemical properties, net N mineralization rate, and the activities of four kinds of hydrolase (leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), β-1,4-glucosidase (βG), cellobiohydrolase (CB)) and two kinds of oxidases (polyphenol oxidase (POX) and peroxidase (PER)) involved in soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization in treatments of mycorrhiza (with absorbing roots and hyphae), hyphae (hyphae only), and control (mycorrhiza-free). The results showed that mycorrhizal treatments significantly affected soil total carbon and pH but did not affect N mineralization rates and all enzymatic activities. Tree species significantly affected net ammonification rate, net N mineralization rate and activities of NAG, βG, CB, POX and PER. The net N mineralization rate and enzyme activities in the C. lanceolata stand were significantly higher than that in monoculture broad-leaved stands of either S. superba or L. formosana. There was no interactive effect of mycorrhizal treatment and tree species on any of soil properties, nor on enzymatic activities or net N mineralization rates. Soil pH was negatively and significantly correlated with five kinds of enzymatic activities except for LAP, while net N mineralization rate significantly correlated with ammonium nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, and the activity level of βG, CB, POX, and PER. In conclusion, there was no difference in enzymatic activities and N mineralization rates between rhizosphere and hyphosphere soils of three subtropical tree species in the whole growing season. The activity of particular carbon cycle-related enzymes was closely related to soil N mineralization rate. It is suggested that differences in litter quality and root functional traits among different tree species affect soil enzyme activities and N mineralization rates through organic matter inputs and shaping soil condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Peng Chen
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shi-Kai Li
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Bo An
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Han-Lu Zou
- Guanshan Forest Farm of Yongfeng County, Yongfeng 331506, Jiangxi, China
| | - Song-Xiang Cui
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Hong-Yan Fu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Rong Mao
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Song Y, Cheng X, Song C, Li M, Gao S, Liu Z, Gao J, Wang X. Soil CO 2 and N 2O emissions and microbial abundances altered by temperature rise and nitrogen addition in active-layer soils of permafrost peatland. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1093487. [PMID: 36583043 PMCID: PMC9792967 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1093487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in soil CO2 and N2O emissions due to climate change and nitrogen input will result in increased levels of atmospheric CO2 and N2O, thereby feeding back into Earth's climate. Understanding the responses of soil carbon and nitrogen emissions mediated by microbe from permafrost peatland to temperature rising is important for modeling the regional carbon and nitrogen balance. This study conducted a laboratory incubation experiment at 15 and 20°C to observe the impact of increasing temperature on soil CO2 and N2O emissions and soil microbial abundances in permafrost peatland. An NH4NO3 solution was added to soil at a concentration of 50 mg N kg-1 to investigate the effect of nitrogen addition. The results indicated that elevated temperature, available nitrogen, and their combined effects significantly increased CO2 and N2O emissions in permafrost peatland. However, the temperature sensitivities of soil CO2 and N2O emissions were not affected by nitrogen addition. Warming significantly increased the abundances of methanogens, methanotrophs, and nirK-type denitrifiers, and the contents of soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ammonia nitrogen, whereas nirS-type denitrifiers, β-1,4-glucosidase (βG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), and acid phosphatase (AP) activities significantly decreased. Nitrogen addition significantly increased soil nirS-type denitrifiers abundances, β-1,4-N- acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activities, and ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents, but significantly reduced bacterial, methanogen abundances, CBH, and AP activities. A rising temperature and nitrogen addition had synergistic effects on soil fungal and methanotroph abundances, NAG activities, and DOC and DON contents. Soil CO2 emissions showed a significantly positive correlation with soil fungal abundances, NAG activities, and ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents. Soil N2O emissions showed positive correlations with soil fungal, methanotroph, and nirK-type denitrifiers abundances, and DOC, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate contents. These results demonstrate the importance of soil microbes, labile carbon, and nitrogen for regulating soil carbon and nitrogen emissions. The results of this study can assist simulating the effects of global climate change on carbon and nitrogen cycling in permafrost peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Changchun Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China,School of Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China,*Correspondence: Changchun Song,
| | - Mengting Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China,College of Tourism and Geographical Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
| | - Siqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China,College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China,College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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Xing J, Cao X, Zhang M, Wei X, Zhang J, Wan X. Plant nitrogen availability and crosstalk with phytohormones signallings and their biotechnology breeding application in crops. Plant Biotechnol J 2022. [PMID: 36435985 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N), one of the most important nutrients, limits plant growth and crop yields in sustainable agriculture system, in which phytohormones are known to play essential roles in N availability. Hence, it is not surprising that massive studies about the crosstalk between N and phytohormones have been constantly emerging. In this review, with the intellectual landscape of N and phytohormones crosstalk provided by the bibliometric analysis, we trace the research story of best-known crosstalk between N and various phytohormones over the last 20 years. Then, we discuss how N regulates various phytohormones biosynthesis and transport in plants. In reverse, we also summarize how phytohormones signallings modulate root system architecture (RSA) in response to N availability. Besides, we expand to outline how phytohormones signallings regulate uptake, transport, and assimilation of N in plants. Further, we conclude advanced biotechnology strategies, explain their application, and provide potential phytohormones-regulated N use efficiency (NUE) targets in crops. Collectively, this review provides not only a better understanding on the recent progress of crosstalk between N and phytohormones, but also targeted strategies for improvement of NUE to increase crop yields in future biotechnology breeding of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Xing
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocong Cao
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Wei
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, China
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Tang S, Liu J, Gilliam FS, Hietz P, Wang Z, Lu X, Zeng F, Wen D, Hou E, Lai Y, Fang Y, Tu Y, Xi D, Huang Z, Zhang D, Wang R, Kuang Y. Drivers of foliar 15 N trends in southern China over the last century. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:5441-5452. [PMID: 35653265 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Foliar stable nitrogen (N) isotopes (δ15 N) generally reflect N availability to plants and have been used to infer about changes thereof. However, previous studies of temporal trends in foliar δ15 N have ignored the influence of confounding factors, leading to uncertainties on its indication to N availability. In this study, we measured foliar δ15 N of 1811 herbarium specimens from 12 plant species collected in southern China forests from 1920 to 2010. We explored how changes in atmospheric CO2 , N deposition and global warming have affected foliar δ15 N and N concentrations ([N]) and identified whether N availability decreased in southern China. Across all species, foliar δ15 N significantly decreased by 0.82‰ over the study period. However, foliar [N] did not decrease significantly, implying N homeostasis in forest trees in the region. The spatiotemporal patterns of foliar δ15 N were explained by mean annual temperature (MAT), atmospheric CO2 ( P CO 2 ), atmospheric N deposition, and foliar [N]. The spatiotemporal trends of foliar [N] were explained by MAT, temperature seasonality, P CO 2 , and N deposition. N deposition within the rates from 5.3 to 12.6 kg N ha-1 year-1 substantially contributed to the temporal decline in foliar δ15 N. The decline in foliar δ15 N was not accompanied by changes in foliar [N] and therefore does not necessarily reflect a decline in N availability. This is important to understand changes in N availability, which is essential to validate and parameterize biogeochemical cycles of N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbo Tang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Frank S Gilliam
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Peter Hietz
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiankai Lu
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feiyan Zeng
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dazhi Wen
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Enqing Hou
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Lai
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Tu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Xi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiqun Huang
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dianxiang Zhang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanwen Kuang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
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8
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Liu Y, Men M, Peng Z, Houx JH, Peng Y. Nitrogen availability determines ecosystem productivity in response to climate warming. Ecology 2022; 103:e3823. [PMID: 35857189 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the major uncertainties for carbon-climate feedback predictions is an inadequate understanding of the mechanisms governing variations in ecosystem productivity response to warming. Temperature and water availability are regarded as the primary controls over the direction and magnitude of warming effects, but some unexplained results signal that our understanding is incomplete. Using two complementary meta-analyses, we present evidence that soil nitrogen (N) availability drives the warming effects on ecosystem productivity more strongly than thermal and hydrological factors over a broad geographical scale. First, by synthesizing temperature manipulation experiments, meta-regression model analysis showed that the warming effect on productivity is mainly driven by its effect on soil N availability. Sites with higher warming-induced increase in N availability were characterized by stronger productivity enhancement and vice versa, suggesting that N is a limiting factor across sites. Second, a synthesis of full-factorial warming×N addition experiments demonstrated that N addition significantly weakened the positive warming effect, because the additional N induced by warming may not further benefit plant growth when N limitation is relieved, providing experimental evidence that N regulates the warming effect. Further, we demonstrated that warming effects on soil N availability were modulated by changes in dissolved organic N and soil microbes. Overall, our findings enrich a new mechanistic understanding of the varying magnitudes of observed productivity response to warming, and the N scaling of warming effects may help constrain climate projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxin Men
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhengping Peng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - James H Houx
- Agriculture Research and Technology, National Crop Insurance Services, Overland Park, KS, USA
| | - Yunfeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Liang M, Gong F, Jin T, Sun B, Yang Y, Hu D, Fei Y. Characteristics of Picea neoveitchii tree growth in mountain areas of central China: insights from isotopic compositions and satellite-derived indices. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2022; 58:121-140. [PMID: 35272539 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2022.2047961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf nitrogen (N) status and stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) were used to study environmental factors that control mountain individuals of Picea neoveitchii trees, a coniferous species endemic and endangered in China. From May to September 2016, we carried out observations at four different altitude locations extending southeast of Daba Mountain in western Hubei Province. Needle-shaped leaf δ13C was positively correlated with needle N and C content calculated from the needle area (Narea and Carea content), needle δ15N, needle mass, and leaf mass per area (LMA), respectively. Needle δ15N was also positively correlated with monthly temperature and precipitation for the current month and last month. The seasonal normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) was highest in June at the lowest altitude and August at the highest altitude. We found that N availability as an important driving factor for tree growth is controlled by surface soil temperature, while in summer, air temperatures above 23 °C exceed the physiological threshold of trees and limit the growth of trees. We concluded that the negative effect of higher temperature on tree growth is greater than the positive effect of higher nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochang Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland (Yangtze University), Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujun Gong
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jin
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Sun
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Die Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Fei
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
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10
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Zhang ZS, Xia JQ, Alfatih A, Song Y, Huang YJ, Sun LQ, Wan GY, Wang SM, Wang YP, Hu BH, Zhang GH, Qin P, Li SG, Yu LH, Wu J, Xiang CB. Rice NIN-LIKE PROTEIN 3 modulates nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield under nitrate-sufficient conditions. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:1520-1536. [PMID: 35150141 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for crop growth and yield. Improving the N use efficiency (NUE) of crops is important to agriculture. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying NUE regulation remain largely elusive. Here we report that the OsNLP3 (NIN-like protein 3) regulates NUE and grain yield in rice under N sufficient conditions. OsNLP3 transcript level is significantly induced by N starvation and its protein nucleocytosolic shuttling is specifically regulated by nitrate. Loss-of-function of OsNLP3 reduces plant growth, grain yield, and NUE under sufficient nitrate conditions, whereas under low nitrate or different ammonium conditions, osnlp3 mutants show no clear difference from the wild type. Importantly, under sufficient N conditions in the field, OsNLP3 overexpression lines display improved grain yield and NUE compared with the wild type. OsNLP3 orchestrates the expression of multiple N uptake and assimilation genes by directly binding to the nitrate-responsive cis-elements in their promoters. Overall, our study demonstrates that OsNLP3, together with OsNLP1 and OsNLP4, plays overlapping and differential roles in N acquisition and NUE, and modulates NUE and the grain yield increase promoted by N fertilizer. Therefore, OsNLP3 is a promising candidate gene for the genetic improvement of grain yield and NUE in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Sheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Jin-Qiu Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Alamin Alfatih
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Song
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Jie Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Liang-Qi Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Guang-Yu Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Shi-Mei Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin-Hua Hu
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo-Hua Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Gui Li
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin-Hui Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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11
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Almaraz M, Wong MY, Geoghegan EK, Houlton BZ. A review of carbon farming impacts on nitrogen cycling, retention, and loss. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1505:102-117. [PMID: 34580879 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Soil carbon (C) sequestration in agricultural working lands via soil amendments and management practices is considered a relatively well-tested and affordable approach for removing CO2 from the atmosphere. Carbon farming provides useful benefits for soil health, biomass production, and crop resilience, but the effects of different soil C sequestration approaches on the nitrogen (N) cycle remain controversial. While some C farming practices have been shown to reduce N fertilizer use in some cases, C farming could also impose an unwanted "N penalty" through which soil C gains can only be maintained with additional N inputs, thereby increasing N losses to the environment. We systematically reviewed meta-analysis studies on the impacts of C farming on N cycling in agroecosystems and estimated the cumulative effect of several C farming practices on N cycling. We found that, on average, combined C farming practices significantly reduced nitrous oxide emissions and nitrate leaching from soils, thus inferring both N cycling and climate change benefits. In addition to more widely studied C farming practices that generate organic C, we also discuss silicate rock additions, which offer a pathway to inorganic C sequestration that does not require additional N inputs, framing important questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Almaraz
- John Muir Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, California
| | | | - Emily K Geoghegan
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Benjamin Z Houlton
- Department of Global Development, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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12
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Ouyang SN, Gessler A, Saurer M, Hagedorn F, Gao DC, Wang XY, Schaub M, Li MH, Shen WJ, Schönbeck L. Root carbon and nutrient homeostasis determines downy oak sapling survival and recovery from drought. Tree Physiol 2021; 41:1400-1412. [PMID: 33595075 PMCID: PMC8436808 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of carbon (C) and nutrient uptake, allocation, storage and especially their interactions in survival and recovery of trees under increased frequencies and intensities of drought events is not well understood. A full factorial experiment with four soil water content regimes ranging from extreme drought to well-watered conditions and two fertilization levels was carried out. We aimed to investigate whether nutrient addition mitigates drought effects on downy oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) and whether storage pools of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) are modified to enhance survival after 2.5 years of drought and recovery after drought relief. Physiological traits, such as photosynthesis, predawn leaf water potential as well as tissue biomass together with pools and dynamics of NSC and nutrients at the whole-tree level were investigated. Our results showed that fertilization played a minor role in saplings' physiological processes to cope with drought and drought relief, but reduced sapling mortality during extreme drought. Irrespective of nutrient supply, Q. pubescens showed increased soluble sugar concentration in all tissues with increasing drought intensity, mostly because of starch degradation. After 28 days of drought relief, tissue sugar concentrations decreased, reaching comparable values to those of well-watered plants. Only during the recovery process from extreme drought, root NSC concentration strongly declined, leading to an almost complete NSC depletion after 28 days of rewetting, simultaneously with new leaves flushing. These findings suggest that extreme drought can lead to root C exhaustion. After drought relief, the repair and regrowth of organs can even exacerbate the root C depletion. We concluded that under future climate conditions with repeated drought events, the insufficient and lagged C replenishment in roots might eventually lead to C starvation and further mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Ouyang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences,723 XingKe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Ramistrasse 101, Zurich 8902, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Frank Hagedorn
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - De-Cai Gao
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
- School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renming Road, Nanguan District, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, 72 Puyang Road,Jiyang District, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Marcus Schaub
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Mai-He Li
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
- School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renming Road, Nanguan District, Changchun 130024, China
| | | | - Leonie Schönbeck
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Route Cantonale, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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13
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Sanagi M, Aoyama S, Kubo A, Lu Y, Sato Y, Ito S, Abe M, Mitsuda N, Ohme-Takagi M, Kiba T, Nakagami H, Rolland F, Yamaguchi J, Imaizumi T, Sato T. Low nitrogen conditions accelerate flowering by modulating the phosphorylation state of FLOWERING BHLH 4 in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2022942118. [PMID: 33963081 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022942118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient that affects multiple plant developmental processes, including flowering. As flowering requires resources to develop sink tissues for reproduction, nutrient availability is tightly linked to this process. Low N levels accelerate floral transition; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this response are not well understood. Here, we identify the FLOWERING BHLH 4 (FBH4) transcription factor as a key regulator of N-responsive flowering in Arabidopsis Low N-induced early flowering is compromised in fbh quadruple mutants. We found that FBH4 is a highly phosphorylated protein and that FBH4 phosphorylation levels decrease under low N conditions. In addition, decreased phosphorylation promotes FBH4 nuclear localization and transcriptional activation of the direct target CONSTANS (CO) and downstream florigen FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) genes. Moreover, we demonstrate that the evolutionarily conserved cellular fuel sensor SNF1-RELATED KINASE 1 (SnRK1), whose kinase activity is down-regulated under low N conditions, directly phosphorylates FBH4. SnRK1 negatively regulates CO and FT transcript levels under high N conditions. Together, these results reveal a mechanism by which N levels may fine-tune FBH4 nuclear localization by adjusting the phosphorylation state to modulate flowering time. In addition to its role in flowering regulation, we also showed that FBH4 was involved in low N-induced up-regulation of nutrient recycling and remobilization-related gene expression. Thus, our findings provide insight into N-responsive growth phase transitions and optimization of plant fitness under nutrient-limited conditions.
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14
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Koranda M, Michelsen A. Mosses reduce soil nitrogen availability in a subarctic birch forest via effects on soil thermal regime and sequestration of deposited nitrogen. J Ecol 2021; 109:1424-1438. [PMID: 33776135 PMCID: PMC7986113 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In high-latitude ecosystems bryophytes are important drivers of ecosystem functions. Alterations in abundance of mosses due to global change may thus strongly influence carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling and hence cause feedback on climate. The effects of mosses on soil microbial activity are, however, still poorly understood. Our study aims at elucidating how and by which mechanisms bryophytes influence microbial decomposition processes of soil organic matter and thus soil nutrient availability.We present results from a field experiment in a subarctic birch forest in northern Sweden, where we partly removed the moss cover and replaced it with an artificial soil cover for simulating moss effects on soil temperature and moisture. We combined this with a fertilization experiment with 15N-labelled N for analysing the effects of moss N sequestration on soil processes.Our results demonstrate the capacity of mosses to reduce soil N availability and retard N cycling. The comparison with artificial soil cover plots suggests that the effect of mosses on N cycling is linked to the thermal insulation capacity of mosses causing low average soil temperature in summer and strongly reduced soil temperature fluctuations, the latter also leading to a decreased frequency of freeze-thaw events in autumn and spring. Our results also showed, however, that the negative temperature effect of mosses on soil microbial activity was in part compensated by stimulatory effects of the moss layer, possibly linked to leaching of labile substrates from the moss. Furthermore, our results revealed that bryophytes efficiently sequester added N from wet deposition and thus prevent effects of increased atmospheric N deposition on soil N availability and soil processes. Synthesis. Our study emphasizes the important role of mosses in carbon and nutrient cycling in high-latitude ecosystems and the potential strong impacts of reductions in moss abundance on microbial decomposition processes and nutrient availability in subarctic and boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Koranda
- Terrestrial Ecology SectionDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for PermafrostUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem ResearchCentre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems ScienceUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Terrestrial Ecology SectionDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for PermafrostUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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15
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Zulkefli NS, Hwang SJ. Heterocyst Development and Diazotrophic Growth of Anabaena variabilis under Different Nitrogen Availability. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E279. [PMID: 33202779 PMCID: PMC7696877 DOI: 10.3390/life10110279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is globally limiting primary production in the ocean, but some species of cyanobacteria can carry out nitrogen (N) fixation using specialized cells known as heterocysts. However, the effect of N sources and their availability on heterocyst development is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various inorganic N sources on the heterocyst development and cellular growth in an N-fixing cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis. Growth rate, heterocyst development, and cellular N content of the cyanobacteria were examined under varying nitrate and ammonium concentrations. A. variabilis exhibited high growth rate both in the presence and absence of N sources regardless of their concentration. Ammonium was the primary source of N in A. variabilis. Even the highest concentrations of both nitrate (1.5 g L-1 as NaNO3) and ammonium (0.006 g L-1 as Fe-NH4-citrate) did not exhibit an inhibitory effect on heterocyst development. Heterocyst production positively correlated with the cell N quota and negatively correlated with vegetative cell growth, indicating that both of the processes were interdependent. Taken together, N deprivation triggers heterocyst production for N fixation. This study outlines the difference in heterocyst development and growth in A. variabilis under different N sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soon-Jin Hwang
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Human and Eco-care Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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16
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Zou N, Shi W, Hou L, Kronzucker HJ, Huang L, Gu H, Yang Q, Deng G, Yang G. Superior growth, N uptake and NH4+ tolerance in the giant bamboo Phyllostachys edulis over the broad-leaved tree Castanopsis fargesii at elevated NH4+ may underlie community succession and favor the expansion of bamboo. Tree Physiol 2020; 40:1606-1622. [PMID: 32816018 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The unbridled expansion of bamboo has imposed serious threats on ecosystem processes and functions. Considerable evidence indicates that bamboo invasions can alter plant-available soil nitrogen (N) pools and rates of N cycling, but the consequences of altered N availability for plant growth and community structure have thus far been poorly characterized. The primary soil-accessible N forms for most plants are ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-), but plants differ in their ability to use the different N forms, and these differences can be related to their ecological characteristics and drive community structure. In this context, we evaluated the growth response, N uptake and interspecific competition in two subtropical species, Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houzeau (Synonym Phyllostachys heterocycla Carrière) and Castanopsis fargesii Franch., dominant species of bamboo and secondary evergreen broad-leaved forests, respectively, under changing N availability in seedlings supplied with different N concentrations and NH4+/NO3- proportions, in vermiculite culture, in a controlled environment. The results show that (i) both species display an NH4+ preference at elevated N concentrations. The growth of P. edulis seedlings was strongly enhanced at increased ratios of NH4+ to NO3- especially at higher N concentrations, but to a much lesser extent in C. fargesii. (ii) NH4+ preference at the level of N uptake in both species was confirmed by the Non-invasive Micro-test Technology and by examining 15N signatures. Phyllostachys edulis had higher NH4+ net fluxes and N concentration under NH4+ treatments than C. fargesii. (iii) NH4+ at higher concentrations caused toxicity in both species as it inhibited root growth and even caused seedling death, but P. edulis had a higher NH4+-tolerance threshold (24 mM) than C. fargesii (16 mM). (iv) When mixed-species cultures were examined in an NH4+-rich medium, the growth of C. fargesii, but not P. edulis, was significantly inhibited compared with growth in monoculture. Therefore, P. edulis exhibited stronger plasticity and adaptation to changing N availability, whereas C. fargesii had low responsiveness and capacity to acclimate to soil N changes. Phyllostachys edulis displayed a significant competitive growth advantage compared with C. fargesii on NH4+-dominated substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zou
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lihan Hou
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 757 Swanston Street, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ling Huang
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Hongmei Gu
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qingpei Yang
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Guanghua Deng
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Guangyao Yang
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, China
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17
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Pierre S, Litton CM, Giardina CP, Sparks JP, Fahey TJ. Mean annual temperature influences local fine root proliferation and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in a tropical wet forest. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9635-9646. [PMID: 33005336 PMCID: PMC7520179 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mean annual temperature (MAT) is an influential climate factor affecting the bioavailability of growth-limiting nutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In tropical montane wet forests, warmer MAT drives higher N bioavailability, while patterns of P availability are inconsistent across MAT. Two important nutrient acquisition strategies, fine root proliferation into bulk soil and root association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, are dependent on C availability to the plant via primary production. The case study presented here tests whether variation in bulk soil N bioavailability across a tropical montane wet forest elevation gradient (5.2°C MAT range) influences (a) morphology fine root proliferation into soil patches with elevated N, P, and N+P relative to background soil and (b) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization of fine roots in patches. We created a fully factorial fertilized root ingrowth core design (N, P, N+P, unfertilized control) representing soil patches with elevated N and P bioavailability relative to background bulk soil. Our results show that percent AMF colonization of roots increased with MAT (r 2 = .19, p = .004), but did not respond to fertilization treatments. Fine root length (FRL), a proxy for root foraging, increased with MAT in N+P-fertilized patches only (p = .02), while other fine root morphological parameters did not respond to the gradient or fertilized patches. We conclude that in N-rich, fine root elongation into areas with elevated N and P declines while AMF abundance increases with MAT. These results indicate a tradeoff between P acquisition strategies occurring with changing N bioavailability, which may be influenced by higher C availability with warmer MAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Pierre
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley Berkeley California USA
| | - Creighton M Litton
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management University of Hawai'i at Manoa Honolulu Hawai'i USA
| | - Christian P Giardina
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry Pacific Southwest Research Station US Forest Service Hilo Hawaii USA
| | - Jed P Sparks
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Timothy J Fahey
- Department of Natural Resources Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
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18
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Mao C, Kou D, Chen L, Qin S, Zhang D, Peng Y, Yang Y. Permafrost nitrogen status and its determinants on the Tibetan Plateau. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:5290-5302. [PMID: 32506764 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It had been suggested that permafrost thaw could promote frozen nitrogen (N) release and modify microbial N transformation rates, which might alter soil N availability and then regulate ecosystem functions. However, the current understanding of this issue is confined to limited observations in the Arctic permafrost region, without any systematic measurements in other permafrost regions. Based on a large-scale field investigation along a 1,000 km transect and a laboratory incubation experiment with a 15 N pool dilution approach, this study provides the comprehensive evaluation of the permafrost N status, including the available N content and related N transformation rates, across the Tibetan alpine permafrost region. In contrast to the prevailing view, our results showed that the Tibetan alpine permafrost had lower available N content and net N mineralization rate than the active layer. Moreover, the permafrost had lower gross rates of N mineralization, microbial immobilization and nitrification than the active layer. Our results also revealed that the dominant drivers of the gross N mineralization and microbial immobilization rates differed between the permafrost and the active layer, with these rates being determined by microbial properties in the permafrost while regulated by soil moisture in the active layer. In contrast, soil gross nitrification rate was consistently modulated by the soil NH 4 + content in both the permafrost and the active layer. Overall, patterns and drivers of permafrost N pools and transformation rates observed in this study offer new insights into the potential N release upon permafrost thaw and provide important clues for Earth system models to better predict permafrost biogeochemical cycles under a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leiyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dianye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Xu Y, Shang B, Feng Z, Tarvainen L. Effect of elevated ozone, nitrogen availability and mesophyll conductance on the temperature responses of leaf photosynthetic parameters in poplar. Tree Physiol 2020; 40:484-497. [PMID: 32031641 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although ozone (O3) concentration and nitrogen (N) availability are well known to affect plant physiology, their impacts on the photosynthetic temperature response are poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap by exposing seedlings of hybrid poplar clone '107' (Populous euramericana cv. '74/76') to elevated O3 (E-O3) and N availability variation in a factorial experiment. E-O3 decreased light-saturated net photosynthesis (Asat), mesophyll conductance (gm) and apparent maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax, based on intercellular CO2 concentration) but not actual Vcmax (based on chloroplast CO2 concentration) and increased respiration in light (Rd) at 25 °C. Nitrogen fertilization increased Asat, gm, Vcmax and the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax) and reduced Rd at 25 °C and the activation energy of actual Vcmax. No E-O3 or E-O3 x N interaction effects on the temperature response parameters were detected, simplifying the inclusion of O3 impacts on photosynthesis in vegetation models. gm peaked at 30 °C, apparent Vcmax and Jmax at 32-33 °C, while the optimum temperatures of actual Vcmax and Jmax exceeded the measured temperature range (15-35 °C). Ignoring gm would, thus, have resulted in mistakenly attributing the decrease in Asat at high temperatures to reduced biochemical capacity rather than to greater diffusion limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Meier IC, Tückmantel T, Heitkötter J, Müller K, Preusser S, Wrobel TJ, Kandeler E, Marschner B, Leuschner C. Root exudation of mature beech forests across a nutrient availability gradient: the role of root morphology and fungal activity. New Phytol 2020; 226:583-594. [PMID: 31868933 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Root exudation is a key plant function with a large influence on soil organic matter dynamics and plant-soil feedbacks in forest ecosystems. Yet despite its importance, the main ecological drivers of root exudation in mature forest trees remain to be identified. During two growing seasons, we analyzed the dependence of in situ collected root exudates on root morphology, soil chemistry and nutrient availability in six mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests on a broad range of bedrock types. Root morphology was a major driver of root exudation across the nutrient availability gradient. A doubling of specific root length exponentially increased exudation rates of mature trees by c. 5-fold. Root exudation was also closely negatively related to soil pH and nitrogen (N) availability. At acidic and N-poor sites, where fungal biomass was reduced, exudation rates were c. 3-fold higher than at N- and base-richer sites and correlated negatively with the activity of enzymes degrading less bioavailable carbon (C) and N in the bulk soil. We conclude that root exudation increases on highly acidic, N-poor soils, in which fungal activity is reduced and a greater portion of the assimilated plant C is shifted to the external ecosystem C cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina C Meier
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timo Tückmantel
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julian Heitkötter
- Soil Science and Soil Ecology, Institute of Geography, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Karolin Müller
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology Department, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sebastian Preusser
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology Department, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas J Wrobel
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology Department, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bernd Marschner
- Soil Science and Soil Ecology, Institute of Geography, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
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21
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Pandey PK, Yu J, Omranian N, Alseekh S, Vaid N, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z, Laitinen RAE. Plasticity in metabolism underpins local responses to nitrogen in Arabidopsis thaliana populations. Plant Direct 2019; 3:e00186. [PMID: 31799492 PMCID: PMC6884650 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is central for plant growth, and metabolic plasticity can provide a strategy to respond to changing N availability. We showed that two local A. thaliana populations exhibited differential plasticity in the compounds of photorespiratory and starch degradation pathways in response to three N conditions. Association of metabolite levels with growth-related and fitness traits indicated that controlled plasticity in these pathways could contribute to local adaptation and play a role in plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Yu
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
| | - Nooshin Omranian
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
| | - Neha Vaid
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
| | | | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
- BioinformaticsInstitute of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
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22
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Zhu F, Dai L, Hobbie EA, Koba K, Liu X, Gurmesa GA, Huang S, Li S, Li Y, Han S, Fang Y. Uptake Patterns of Glycine, Ammonium, and Nitrate Differ Among Four Common Tree Species of Northeast China. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:799. [PMID: 31333684 PMCID: PMC6614667 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental questions of how plant species within secondary forests and plantations in northeast China partition limited nitrogen (N) resource remain unclear. Here we conducted a 15N tracer greenhouse study to determine glycine, ammonium, and nitrate uptake by the seedlings of two coniferous species, Pinus koraiensis (Pinus) and Larix keampferi (Larix), and two broadleaf species, Quercus mongolica (Quercus) and Juglans mandshurica (Juglans), that are common in natural secondary forests in northeast China. Glycine contributed 43% to total N uptake of Pinus, but only 20, 11, and 21% to N uptake by Larix, Quercus, and Juglans, respectively (whole plant), whereas nitrate uptake was 24, 74, 88, and 68% of total uptake for these four species, respectively. Retention of glycine carbon versus nitrogen in Pinus roots indicated that 36% of glycine uptake was retained intact. Nitrate was preferentially used by Larix, Quercus, and Juglans, with nitrate uptake constituting 68∼88% of total N use by these three species. These results demonstrated that these dominant tree species in secondary forests in northeast China partitioned limited N resource by varying uptake of glycine, ammonium and nitrate, with all species, except Pinus, using nitrate that are most abundant within these soils. Such N use pattern may also provide potential underlying mechanisms for the higher retention of deposited nitrate than ammonium into aboveground biomass in these secondary forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, Shenyang, China
| | - Luming Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Erik A. Hobbie
- Earth Systems Research Center, Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Keisuke Koba
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Geshere A. Gurmesa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaonan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanlong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shijie Han
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, Shenyang, China
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23
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Caspi T, Hartz LA, Soto Villa AE, Loesberg JA, Robins CR, Meyer WM. Impacts of invasive annuals on soil carbon and nitrogen storage in southern California depend on the identity of the invader. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:4980-4993. [PMID: 31031959 PMCID: PMC6476773 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-native plant invasions can alter nutrient cycling processes and contribute to global climate change. In southern California, California sage scrub (hereafter sage scrub), a native shrub-dominated habitat type in lowland areas, has decreased to <10% of its original distribution. Postdisturbance type-conversion to non-native annual grassland, and increasingly to mustard-dominated invasive forbland, is a key contributor to sage scrub loss. To better understand how type-conversion by common invasive annuals impacts carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage in surface soils, we examined how the identity of the invader (non-native grasses, Bromus spp.; and non-native forbs, Brassica nigra), microbial concentrations, and soil properties interact to influence soil nutrient storage in adjacent native and invasive habitat types at nine sites along a coast to inland gradient. We found that the impact of type-conversion on nutrient storage was contingent upon the invasive plant type. Sage scrub soils stored more C and N than non-native grasslands, whereas non-native forblands had nutrient storage similar to or higher than sage scrub. We calculate that >940 t C km-2 and >60 t N km-2 are lost when sage scrub converts to grass-dominated habitat, demonstrating that grass invasions are significant regional contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. We found that sites with greater total C and N storage were associated with high cation exchange capacities and bacterial concentrations. Non-native grassland habitat type was a predictor of lower total C, and soil pH, which was greatest in invasive habitats, was a predictor of lower total N. We demonstrate that modeling regional nutrient storage requires accurate classification of habitat type and fine-scale quantification of cation exchange capacity, pH, and bacterial abundance. Our results provide evidence that efforts to restore and conserve sage scrub enhance nutrient storage, a key ecosystem service reducing atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Caspi
- W.M. Keck Science Department, Claremont McKennaPitzer, and Scripps CollegesClaremontCalifornia
| | - Lauren A. Hartz
- W.M. Keck Science Department, Claremont McKennaPitzer, and Scripps CollegesClaremontCalifornia
| | | | - Jenna A. Loesberg
- W.M. Keck Science Department, Claremont McKennaPitzer, and Scripps CollegesClaremontCalifornia
| | - Colin R. Robins
- W.M. Keck Science Department, Claremont McKennaPitzer, and Scripps CollegesClaremontCalifornia
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24
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Li Z, Tian D, Wang B, Wang J, Wang S, Chen HYH, Xu X, Wang C, He N, Niu S. Microbes drive global soil nitrogen mineralization and availability. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:1078-1088. [PMID: 30589163 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil net nitrogen mineralization rate (Nmin ), which is critical for soil nitrogen availability and plant growth, is thought to be primarily controlled by climate and soil physical and/or chemical properties. However, the role of microbes on regulating soil Nmin has not been evaluated on the global scale. By compiling 1565 observational data points of potential net Nmin from 198 published studies across terrestrial ecosystems, we found that Nmin significantly increased with soil microbial biomass, total nitrogen, and mean annual precipitation, but decreased with soil pH. The variation of Nmin was ascribed predominantly to soil microbial biomass on global and biome scales. Mean annual precipitation, soil pH, and total soil nitrogen significantly influenced Nmin through soil microbes. The structural equation models (SEM) showed that soil substrates were the main factors controlling Nmin when microbial biomass was excluded. Microbe became the primary driver when it was included in SEM analysis. SEM with soil microbial biomass improved the Nmin prediction by 19% in comparison with that devoid of soil microbial biomass. The changes in Nmin contributed the most to global soil NH4+ -N variations in contrast to climate and soil properties. This study reveals the complex interactions of climate, soil properties, and microbes on Nmin and highlights the importance of soil microbial biomass in determining Nmin and nitrogen availability across the globe. The findings necessitate accurate representation of microbes in Earth system models to better predict nitrogen cycle under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolei Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dashuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingxue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Smith NG, Keenan TF, Colin Prentice I, Wang H, Wright IJ, Niinemets Ü, Crous KY, Domingues TF, Guerrieri R, Yoko Ishida F, Kattge J, Kruger EL, Maire V, Rogers A, Serbin SP, Tarvainen L, Togashi HF, Townsend PA, Wang M, Weerasinghe LK, Zhou SX. Global photosynthetic capacity is optimized to the environment. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:506-517. [PMID: 30609108 PMCID: PMC6849754 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Earth system models (ESMs) use photosynthetic capacity, indexed by the maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (Vcmax), to simulate carbon assimilation and typically rely on empirical estimates, including an assumed dependence on leaf nitrogen determined from soil fertility. In contrast, new theory, based on biochemical coordination and co‐optimization of carboxylation and water costs for photosynthesis, suggests that optimal Vcmax can be predicted from climate alone, irrespective of soil fertility. Here, we develop this theory and find it captures 64% of observed variability in a global, field‐measured Vcmax dataset for C3 plants. Soil fertility indices explained substantially less variation (32%). These results indicate that environmentally regulated biophysical constraints and light availability are the first‐order drivers of global photosynthetic capacity. Through acclimation and adaptation, plants efficiently utilize resources at the leaf level, thus maximizing potential resource use for growth and reproduction. Our theory offers a robust strategy for dynamically predicting photosynthetic capacity in ESMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Trevor F Keenan
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - I Colin Prentice
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.,College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Tomas F Domingues
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rossella Guerrieri
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - F Yoko Ishida
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany.,German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eric L Kruger
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Vincent Maire
- Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois, Rivières, Trois Rivières, Canada
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrique F Togashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Philip A Townsend
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Shuang-Xi Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia.,The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Hawke's, Bay, New Zealand
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26
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von Sperber C, Chadwick OA, Casciotti KL, Peay KG, Francis CA, Kim AE, Vitousek PM. Controls of nitrogen cycling evaluated along a well-characterized climate gradient. Ecology 2018; 98:1117-1129. [PMID: 28130777 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The supply of nitrogen (N) constrains primary productivity in many ecosystems, raising the question "what controls the availability and cycling of N"? As a step toward answering this question, we evaluated N cycling processes and aspects of their regulation on a climate gradient on Kohala Volcano, Hawaii, USA. The gradient extends from sites receiving <300 mm/yr of rain to those receiving >3,000 mm/yr, and the pedology and dynamics of rock-derived nutrients in soils on the gradient are well understood. In particular, there is a soil process domain at intermediate rainfall within which ongoing weathering and biological uplift have enriched total and available pools of rock-derived nutrients substantially; sites at higher rainfall than this domain are acid and infertile as a consequence of depletion of rock-derived nutrients, while sites at lower rainfall are unproductive and subject to wind erosion. We found elevated rates of potential net N mineralization in the domain where rock-derived nutrients are enriched. Higher-rainfall sites have low rates of potential net N mineralization and high rates of microbial N immobilization, despite relatively high rates of gross N mineralization. Lower-rainfall sites have moderately low potential net N mineralization, relatively low rates of gross N mineralization, and rates of microbial N immobilization sufficient to sequester almost all the mineral N produced. Bulk soil δ15 N also varied along the gradient, from +4‰ at high rainfall sites to +14‰ at low rainfall sites, indicating differences in the sources and dynamics of soil N. Our analysis shows that there is a strong association between N cycling and soil process domains that are defined using soil characteristics independent of N along this gradient, and that short-term controls of N cycling can be understood in terms of the supply of and demand for N.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver A Chadwick
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Karen L Casciotti
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Kabir G Peay
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Christopher A Francis
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Amy E Kim
- Earth Systems Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Peter M Vitousek
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
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Maenhout P, Van den Bulcke J, Van Hoorebeke L, Cnudde V, De Neve S, Sleutel S. Nitrogen Limitations on Microbial Degradation of Plant Substrates Are Controlled by Soil Structure and Moisture Content. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1433. [PMID: 30034375 PMCID: PMC6043809 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineral nitrogen (N) availability to heterotrophic micro-organisms is known to impact organic matter (OM) decomposition. Different pathways determining the N accessibility depend to a large extent on soil structure. Contact between soil mineral and OM substrate particles can facilitate N transport toward decomposition hot spots. However, the impact of soil structure on N availability to microbes and thus heterotrophic microbial activity and community structure is not yet fully understood. We hypothesized that carbon mineralization (Cmin) from low-N substrate would be stimulated by increased N availability caused by closer contact with soil particles or by a higher moisture level, enhancing potential for N-diffusion. Under opposite conditions retarded heterotrophic activity and a dominance of fungi were expected. A 128-days incubation experiment with CO2 emission monitoring from artificially reconstructed miniature soil cores with contrasting soil structures, viz. high or low degree of contact between soil particles, was conducted to study impacts on heterotrophic activity. The soil cores were subjected to different water filled pore space percentages (25 or 50% WFPS) and amended with either easily degradable OM high in N (grass) or more resistant OM low in N (sawdust). X-ray μCT image processing allowed to quantify the pore space in 350 μm around OM substrates, i.e., the microbial habitat of involved decomposers. A lower local porosity surrounding sawdust particles in soils with stonger contact was confirmed, at least at 25% WFPS. Mineral N addition to sawdust amended soils with small particle contact at 25% WFPS resulted in a stimulated respiration. Cmin in the latter soils was lower than in case of high particle contact. This was not observed for grass substrate particles or at 50% WFPS. The interactive effect of substrate type and soil structure suggests that the latter controls Cmin through mediation of N diffusion and in turn N availability. Phospholipid fatty acid did not reveal promotion of fungal over bacterial biomarkers in treatments with N-limited substrate decomposition. Combining X-ray μCT with tailoring soil structure allows for more reliable investigation of effects on the soil microbial community, because as also found here, the established soil pore network structure can strongly deviate from the intended one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Maenhout
- Research Group of Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- Laboratory of Wood Technology, Centre for X-ray Tomography of Ghent University (UGCT), Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Radiation Physics Research Group, Centre for X-ray Tomography of Ghent University (UGCT), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Cnudde
- PProGRess, Centre for X-ray Tomography of Ghent University (UGCT), Department of Geology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Neve
- Research Group of Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Sleutel
- Research Group of Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Stampfli A, Bloor JMG, Fischer M, Zeiter M. High land-use intensity exacerbates shifts in grassland vegetation composition after severe experimental drought. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:2021-2034. [PMID: 29323767 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate change projections anticipate increased frequency and intensity of drought stress, but grassland responses to severe droughts and their potential to recover are poorly understood. In many grasslands, high land-use intensity has enhanced productivity and promoted resource-acquisitive species at the expense of resource-conservative ones. Such changes in plant functional composition could affect the resistance to drought and the recovery after drought of grassland ecosystems with consequences for feed productivity resilience and environmental stewardship. In a 12-site precipitation exclusion experiment in upland grassland ecosystems across Switzerland, we imposed severe edaphic drought in plots under rainout shelters and compared them with plots under ambient conditions. We used soil water potentials to scale drought stress across sites. Impacts of precipitation exclusion and drought legacy effects were examined along a gradient of land-use intensity to determine how grasslands resisted to, and recovered after drought. In the year of precipitation exclusion, aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) in plots under rainout shelters was -15% to -56% lower than in control plots. Drought effects on ANPP increased with drought severity, specified as duration of topsoil water potential ψ < -100 kPa, irrespective of land-use intensity. In the year after drought, ANPP had completely recovered, but total species diversity had declined by -10%. Perennial species showed elevated mortality, but species richness of annuals showed a small increase due to enhanced recruitment. In general, the more resource-acquisitive grasses increased at the expense of the deeper-rooted forbs after drought, suggesting that community reorganization was driven by competition rather than plant mortality. The negative effects of precipitation exclusion on forbs increased with land-use intensity. Our study suggests a synergistic impact of land-use intensification and climate change on grassland vegetation composition, and implies that biomass recovery after drought may occur at the expense of biodiversity maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stampfli
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Zollikofen, Switzerland
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Zeiter
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Zollikofen, Switzerland
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Waring EF, Holaday AS. High growth temperatures and high soil nitrogen do not alter differences in CO 2 assimilation between invasive Phalaris arundinacea (reed canarygrass) and Carex stricta (tussock sedge). Am J Bot 2017; 104:999-1007. [PMID: 28743760 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1600339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Global change in temperature and soil nitrogen availability could affect plant community composition, potentially giving an advantage to invasive species compared to native species. We addressed how high temperatures affected CO2 assimilation parameters for invasive Phalaris arundinacea and a sedge, Carex stricta, it displaces, in natural and controlled environments. METHODS Photosynthetic parameters were measured in a wetland in Indiana, USA during the abnormally warm year of 2012. In a growth chamber, photosynthetic parameters were measured on the plants grown under three levels of nitrogen and exposed to optimum temperatures followed by 2012-like summer conditions and then hot temperatures with an autumn-like photoperiod. KEY RESULTS In the wetland, C. stricta exhibited signs of midsummer leaf senescence, whereas P. arundinacea maintained CO2 assimilation at ambient pCO2 (Aamb ) through mid-October. In the chamber, 2012-like conditions reduced Aamb for both species through reductions in maximum carboxylation (Vcmax ) and electron transport (Jmax ) without further change during subsequent hot, autumn-like conditions, whereas the quantum efficiency of carbon assimilation (qe) declined throughout the experiment. However, P. arundinacea had higher values of Aamb , Jmax , and qe than C. stricta. A general, the positive effect of increasing nitrogen availability occurred for photosynthetic processes for both species in hot conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that C. stricta is more susceptible to excessive light stress than P. arundinacea during hot, sunny periods, leading to leaf senescence. Field confirmation of this idea is needed, but frequent heat waves should favor P. arundinacea over C. stricta with or without eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Waring
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409 USA
| | - A Scott Holaday
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409 USA
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Busch AWU, Montgomery BL. Distinct light-, stress-, and nutrient-dependent regulation of multiple tryptophan-rich sensory protein (TSPO) genes in the cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon. Plant Signal Behav 2017; 12:e1293221. [PMID: 28277971 PMCID: PMC5399897 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1293221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon possesses 3 genes encoding homologs of the tryptophan-rich sensory protein (TSPO). TSPO proteins are membrane proteins implicated in stress responses across a range of organisms from bacteria to humans. Diverse TSPO proteins appear to generally bind tetrapyrrole ligands. Previously, we reported that one of these homologs, FdTSPO1, is involved in salt-, osmotic- and oxidative stress responses in F. diplosiphon. Here, we show distinct regulation of cellular mRNA levels of all 3 FdTSPO homologs by different abiotic stresses. Given the prior finding that all 3 FdTSPO proteins are capable of binding tetrapyrroles of functional relevance in F. diplosiphon and the observation of a ligand-dependent functional role for FdTSPO1 in vivo, FdTSPO1, FdTSPO2, and FdTSPO3 appear to have distinct, yet overlapping, roles in vivo. We propose that these proteins regulate tetrapyrrole homeostasis and/or tetrapyrrole-modulated functions in F. diplosiphon in response to multiple environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea W. U. Busch
- Department of Energy — Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Beronda L. Montgomery
- Department of Energy — Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Gaya Shivega W, Aldrich-Wolfe L. Native plants fare better against an introduced competitor with native microbes and lower nitrogen availability. AoB Plants 2017; 9:plx004. [PMID: 28122737 PMCID: PMC5402526 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plx004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
While the soil environment is generally acknowledged as playing a role in plant competition, the relative importance of soil resources and soil microbes in determining outcomes of competition between native and exotic plants has rarely been tested. Resilience of plant communities to invasion by exotic species may depend on the extent to which native and exotic plant performance are mediated by abiotic and biotic components of the soil. We used a greenhouse experiment to compare performance of two native prairie plant species and one exotic species, when grown in intraspecific competition and when each native was grown in interspecific competition with the exotic species, in the presence and absence of a native prairie soil community, and when nitrogen availability was elevated or was maintained at native prairie levels. We found that elevated nitrogen availability was beneficial to the exotic species and had no effect on or was detrimental to the native plant species, that the native microbial community was beneficial to the native plant species and either had no effect or was detrimental to the exotic species, and that intraspecific competition was stronger than interspecific competition for the exotic plant species and vice-versa for the natives. Our results demonstrate that soil nitrogen availability and the soil microbial community can mediate the strength of competition between native and exotic plant species. We found no evidence for native microbes enhancing the performance of the exotic plant species. Instead, loss of the native soil microbial community appears to reinforce the negative effects of elevated N on native plant communities and its benefits to exotic invasive species. Resilience of plant communities to invasion by exotic plant species is facilitated by the presence of an intact native soil microbial community and weakened by anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gaya Shivega
- Department of Biology, Concordia College, Moorhead, Minnesota 56562, USA
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Liu Y, Wang C, He N, Wen X, Gao Y, Li S, Niu S, Butterbach-Bahl K, Luo Y, Yu G. A global synthesis of the rate and temperature sensitivity of soil nitrogen mineralization: latitudinal patterns and mechanisms. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:455-464. [PMID: 27234363 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil net nitrogen (N) mineralization (Nmin ) is a pivotal process in the global N cycle regulating the N availability of plant growth. Understanding the spatial patterns of Nmin, its temperature sensitivity (Q10 ) and regulatory mechanisms is critical for improving the management of soil nutrients. In this study, we evaluated 379 peer-reviewed scientific papers to explore how Nmin and the Q10 of Nmin varied among different ecosystems and regions at the global scale. The results showed that Nmin varied significantly among different ecosystems with a global average of 2.41 mg N soil kg-1 day-1 . Furthermore, Nmin significantly decreased with increasing latitude and altitude. The Q10 varied significantly among different ecosystems with a global average of 2.21, ranging from the highest found in forest soils (2.43) and the lowest found for grassland soils (1.67) and significantly increased with increasing latitude. Path analyses indicated that Nmin was primarily affected by the content of soil organic carbon (C), soil C:N ratio, and clay content, where Q10 was primarily influenced by the soil C:N ratio and soil pH. Furthermore, the activation energy (Ea ) of soil N mineralization was significantly and negative correlated with the substrate quality index among all ecosystems, indicating the applicability of the carbon quality temperature hypothesis to soil N mineralization at a global scale. These findings provided empirical evidence supporting that soil N availability, under global warming scenarios, is expected to increase stronger in colder regions as compared with that low-latitude regions due to the higher Q10 . This may alleviate the restriction of N supply for increased primary productivity at higher latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xuefa Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shenggong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Mvila BG, Pilar-Izquierdo MC, Busto MD, Perez-Mateos M, Ortega N. Synthesis and characterization of a stable humic-urease complex: application to barley seed encapsulation for improving N uptake. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:2981-2989. [PMID: 26381854 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most N fertilizers added to soil are not efficiently used by plants and are lost to the atmosphere or leached from the soil, causing environmental pollution and increasing cost. Barley seed encapsulation in calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N was investigated. RESULTS Urease was immobilized with soil humic acids (HA). A central composite face-centered design was applied to optimize the immobilization process, reaching an immobilization yield of 127%. Soil stability of urease was enhanced after the immobilization. Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic-urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. Under pot culture conditions, the pots planted with seeds encapsulated with FU and HUC showed higher ammonium N (NH4 (+) -N) (26% and 64%, respectively) than the control soil at 28 days after planting (DAP). Moreover, the seed encapsulation with FU and HUC increased the N uptake 83% and 97%, respectively, at 35 DAP. CONCLUSION Seed encapsulation with urease could substantially contribute to enhancing plant N nutrition in the early stages of seedling establishment. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beaufray G Mvila
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Burgos, E-09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - María C Pilar-Izquierdo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Burgos, E-09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - María D Busto
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Burgos, E-09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Manuel Perez-Mateos
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Burgos, E-09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Natividad Ortega
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Burgos, E-09001, Burgos, Spain
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van Diggelen JMH, Smolders AJP, Visser EJW, Hicks S, Roelofs JGM, Lamers LPM. Differential responses of two wetland graminoids to high ammonium at different pH values. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2016; 18:307-315. [PMID: 26404423 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced soil ammonium (NH4+) concentrations in wetlands often lead to graminoid dominance, but species composition is highly variable. Although NH4+ is readily taken up as a nutrient, several wetland species are known to be sensitive to high NH4+ concentrations or even suffer toxicity, particularly at low soil pH. More knowledge about differential graminoid responses to high NH4+ availability in relation to soil pH can help to better understand vegetation changes. The responses of two wetland graminoids, Juncus acutiflorus and Carex disticha, to high (2 mmol·l(-1) ) versus control (20 μmol·l(-1) ) NH4+ concentrations were tested in a controlled hydroponic set up, at two pH values (4 and 6). A high NH4+ concentration did not change total biomass for these species at either pH, but increased C allocation to shoots and increased P uptake, leading to K and Ca limitation, depending on pH treatment. More than 50% of N taken up by C. disticha was invested in N-rich amino acids with decreasing C:N ratio, but only 10% for J. acutiflorus. Although both species appeared to be well adapted to high NH4+ loadings in the short term, C. disticha showed higher classic detoxifying responses that are early warning indicators for decreased tolerance in the long term. In general, the efficient aboveground biomass allocation, P uptake and N detoxification explain the competitive strength of wetland graminoids at the expense of overall biodiversity at high NH4+ loading. In addition, differential responses to enhanced NH4+ affect interspecific competition among graminoids and lead to a shift in vegetation composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M H van Diggelen
- B-WARE Research Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A J P Smolders
- B-WARE Research Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - E J W Visser
- Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - S Hicks
- B-WARE Research Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J G M Roelofs
- Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - L P M Lamers
- Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Latifah O, Ahmed OH, Susilawati K, Majid NM. Compost maturity and nitrogen availability by co-composting of paddy husk and chicken manure amended with clinoptilolite zeolite. Waste Manag Res 2015; 33:322-331. [PMID: 25819928 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x15576771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The availability of paddy husk from rice processing plants remains high owing to increase in the worldwide rice consumption. Increasing demand for chicken products leads to poultry wastes production. Co-composting of the aforementioned wastes could solve the indiscriminate disposal of these wastes. Thus, co-composting of paddy husk and chicken slurry with clinoptilolite zeolite and urea as additive was carried out. Clinoptilolite zeolite was used to enhance ammonium and nitrate retention in the compost. Temperature of the compost was monitored three times daily for 55 days. Cation exchange capacity, organic matter, ash, humic acids, pH, total C, N, C/N ratio; total P, exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, NH4+, NO3-, and heavy metals contents were determined using standard procedures. pH, total N, humic acids, ash, NH4+, NO3-, P, Ca, Mg, and K contents increased but the salinity, heavy metals contents, and microbial population were low after the co-composting process. Zea mays L. (test crop) seed germination rate in distilled water and the compost were not significantly different. Growth of Spinach oleracea (test crop) on a peat-based growing medium and the compost was also not significantly different. These findings were possible because the clinoptilolite zeolite used in co-composting reduced accumulation of heavy metals that may have damage effects on the test crops. Mature compost with good agronomic properties can be produced by co-composting chicken slurry and paddy husk using clinoptilolite zeolite and urea as additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Latifah
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Osumanu Haruna Ahmed
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kassim Susilawati
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nik Muhamad Majid
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Yu P, White PJ, Li C. New insights to lateral rooting: Differential responses to heterogeneous nitrogen availability among maize root types. Plant Signal Behav 2015; 10:e1013795. [PMID: 26443081 PMCID: PMC4883913 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1013795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Historical domestication and the "Green revolution" have both contributed to the evolution of modern, high-performance crops. Together with increased irrigation and application of chemical fertilizers, these efforts have generated sufficient food for the growing global population. Root architecture, and in particular root branching, plays an important role in the acquisition of water and nutrients, plant performance, and crop yield. Better understanding of root growth and responses to the belowground environment could contribute to overcoming the challenges faced by agriculture today. Manipulating the abilities of crop root systems to explore and exploit the soil environment could enable plants to make the most of soil resources, increase stress tolerance and improve grain yields, while simultaneously reducing environmental degradation. In this article it is noted that the control of root branching, and the responses of root architecture to nitrate availability, differ between root types and between plant species. Since the control of root branching depends upon both plant species and root type, further work is urgently required to determine the appropriate genes to manipulate to improve resource acquisition by specific crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- Department of Plant Nutrition; China Agricultural University; Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Philip J White
- Ecological Sciences; The James Hutton Institute; Invergowrie, UK
- College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chunjian Li
- Department of Plant Nutrition; China Agricultural University; Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Correspondence to: Chunjian Li;
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Khan MIR, Trivellini A, Fatma M, Masood A, Francini A, Iqbal N, Ferrante A, Khan NA. Role of ethylene in responses of plants to nitrogen availability. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:927. [PMID: 26579172 PMCID: PMC4626634 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is a plant hormone involved in several physiological processes and regulates the plant development during the whole life. Stressful conditions usually activate ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in plants. The availability of nutrients, shortage or excess, influences plant metabolism and ethylene plays an important role in plant adaptation under suboptimal conditions. Among the plant nutrients, the nitrogen (N) is one the most important mineral element required for plant growth and development. The availability of N significantly influences plant metabolism, including ethylene biology. The interaction between ethylene and N affects several physiological processes such as leaf gas exchanges, roots architecture, leaf, fruits, and flowers development. Low plant N use efficiency (NUE) leads to N loss and N deprivation, which affect ethylene biosynthesis and tissues sensitivity, inducing cell damage and ultimately lysis. Plants may respond differently to N availability balancing ethylene production through its signaling network. This review discusses the recent advances in the interaction between N availability and ethylene at whole plant and different organ levels, and explores how N availability induces ethylene biology and plant responses. Exogenously applied ethylene seems to cope the stress conditions and improves plant physiological performance. This can be explained considering the expression of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes under different N availability. A greater understanding of the regulation of N by means of ethylene modulation may help to increase NUE and directly influence crop productivity under conditions of limited N availability, leading to positive effects on the environment. Moreover, efforts should be focused on the effect of N deficiency or excess in fruit trees, where ethylene can have detrimental effects especially during postharvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. I. R. Khan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
| | - Alice Trivellini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’AnnaPisa, Italy
| | - Mehar Fatma
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
| | - Asim Masood
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
| | | | - Noushina Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard University New Delhi, India
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
- *Correspondence: Nafees A. Khan,
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Fayyadkazan M, Tate JJ, Vierendeels F, Cooper TG, Dubois E, Georis I. Components of Golgi-to-vacuole trafficking are required for nitrogen- and TORC1-responsive regulation of the yeast GATA factors. Microbiologyopen 2014; 3:271-87. [PMID: 24644271 PMCID: PMC4082702 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR) is the regulatory pathway through which Saccharomyces cerevisiae responds to the available nitrogen status and selectively utilizes rich nitrogen sources in preference to poor ones. Expression of NCR-sensitive genes is mediated by two transcription activators, Gln3 and Gat1, in response to provision of a poorly used nitrogen source or following treatment with the TORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin. During nitrogen excess, the transcription activators are sequestered in the cytoplasm in a Ure2-dependent fashion. Here, we show that Vps components are required for Gln3 localization and function in response to rapamycin treatment when cells are grown in defined yeast nitrogen base but not in complex yeast peptone dextrose medium. On the other hand, Gat1 function was altered in vps mutants in all conditions tested. A significant fraction of Gat1, like Gln3, is associated with light intracellular membranes. Further, our results are consistent with the possibility that Ure2 might function downstream of the Vps components during the control of GATA factor-mediated gene expression. These observations demonstrate distinct media-dependent requirements of vesicular trafficking components for wild-type responses of GATA factor localization and function. As a result, the current model describing participation of Vps system components in events associated with translocation of Gln3 into the nucleus following rapamycin treatment or growth in nitrogen-poor medium requires modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fayyadkazan
- Institut de Recherches Microbiologiques J.-M. Wiame, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070, Brussels, Belgium; Laboratoire de Biologie du Transport Membranaire, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
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Zhou X, Zhang Y, Niklas KJ. Sensitivity of growth and biomass allocation patterns to increasing nitrogen: a comparison between ephemerals and annuals in the Gurbantunggut Desert, north-western China. Ann Bot 2014; 113:501-11. [PMID: 24287812 PMCID: PMC3906968 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Biomass accumulation and allocation patterns are critical to quantifying ecosystem dynamics. However, these patterns differ among species, and they can change in response to nutrient availability even among genetically related individuals. In order to understand this complexity further, this study examined three ephemeral species (with very short vegetative growth periods) and three annual species (with significantly longer vegetative growth periods) in the Gurbantunggut Desert, north-western China, to determine their responses to different nitrogen (N) supplements under natural conditions. METHODS Nitrogen was added to the soil at rates of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 24.0 g N m(-2) year(-1). Plants were sampled at various intervals to measure relative growth rate and shoot and root dry mass. KEY RESULTS Compared with annuals, ephemerals grew more rapidly, increased shoot and root biomass with increasing N application rates and significantly decreased root/shoot ratios. Nevertheless, changes in the biomass allocation of some species (i.e. Erodium oxyrrhynchum) in response to the N treatment were largely a consequence of changes in overall plant size, which was inconsistent with an optimal partitioning model. An isometric log shoot vs. log root scaling relationship for the final biomass harvest was observed for each species and all annuals, while pooled data of three ephemerals showed an allometric scaling relationship. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that ephemerals and annuals differ observably in their biomass allocation patterns in response to soil N supplements, although an isometric log shoot vs. log root scaling relationship was maintained across all species. These findings highlight that different life history strategies behave differently in response to N application even when interspecific scaling relationships remain nearly isometric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Zhou
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Karl J. Niklas
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Dieleman WIJ, Vicca S, Dijkstra FA, Hagedorn F, Hovenden MJ, Larsen KS, Morgan JA, Volder A, Beier C, Dukes JS, King J, Leuzinger S, Linder S, Luo Y, Oren R, De Angelis P, Tingey D, Hoosbeek MR, Janssens IA. Simple additive effects are rare: a quantitative review of plant biomass and soil process responses to combined manipulations of CO2 and temperature. Glob Chang Biol 2012; 18:2681-93. [PMID: 24501048 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, increased awareness of the potential interactions between rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([ CO2 ]) and temperature has illustrated the importance of multifactorial ecosystem manipulation experiments for validating Earth System models. To address the urgent need for increased understanding of responses in multifactorial experiments, this article synthesizes how ecosystem productivity and soil processes respond to combined warming and [ CO2 ] manipulation, and compares it with those obtained in single factor [ CO2 ] and temperature manipulation experiments. Across all combined elevated [ CO2 ] and warming experiments, biomass production and soil respiration were typically enhanced. Responses to the combined treatment were more similar to those in the [ CO2 ]-only treatment than to those in the warming-only treatment. In contrast to warming-only experiments, both the combined and the [ CO2 ]-only treatments elicited larger stimulation of fine root biomass than of aboveground biomass, consistently stimulated soil respiration, and decreased foliar nitrogen (N) concentration. Nonetheless, mineral N availability declined less in the combined treatment than in the [ CO2 ]-only treatment, possibly due to the warming-induced acceleration of decomposition, implying that progressive nitrogen limitation (PNL) may not occur as commonly as anticipated from single factor [ CO2 ] treatment studies. Responses of total plant biomass, especially of aboveground biomass, revealed antagonistic interactions between elevated [ CO2 ] and warming, i.e. the response to the combined treatment was usually less-than-additive. This implies that productivity projections might be overestimated when models are parameterized based on single factor responses. Our results highlight the need for more (and especially more long-term) multifactor manipulation experiments. Because single factor CO2 responses often dominated over warming responses in the combined treatments, our results also suggest that projected responses to future global warming in Earth System models should not be parameterized using single factor warming experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter I J Dieleman
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Smithfield, 4878, QLD, Australia
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McLauchlan KK, Craine JM, Oswald WW, Leavitt PR, Likens GE. Changes in nitrogen cycling during the past century in a northern hardwood forest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:7466-70. [PMID: 17446271 PMCID: PMC1863457 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701779104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) availability, defined here as the supply of N to terrestrial plants and soil microorganisms relative to their N demands, limits the productivity of many temperate zone forests and in part determines ecosystem carbon (C) content. Despite multidecadal monitoring of N in streams, the long-term record of N availability in forests of the northeastern United States is largely unknown. Therefore, although these forests have been receiving anthropogenic N deposition for the past few decades, it is still uncertain whether terrestrial N availability has changed during this time and, subsequently, whether forest ecosystems have responded to increased N deposition. Here, we used stable N isotopes in tree rings and lake sediments to demonstrate that N availability in a northeastern forest has declined over the past 75 years, likely because of ecosystem recovery from Euro-American land use. Forest N availability has only recently returned to levels forecast from presettlement trajectories, rendering the trajectory of future forest N cycling uncertain. Our results suggest that chronic disturbances caused by humans, especially logging and agriculture, are major drivers of terrestrial N cycling in forest ecosystems today, even a century after cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra K. McLauchlan
- *Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College, 6182 Steele Hall, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Joseph M. Craine
- *Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College, 6182 Steele Hall, Hanover, NH 03755
| | | | - Peter R. Leavitt
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada S4S 0A2; and
| | - Gene E. Likens
- Institute of Ecosystem Studies, 65 Sharon Turnpike, P.O. Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545-0129
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Högberg MN, Bååth E, Nordgren A, Arnebrant K, Högberg P. Contrasting effects of nitrogen availability on plant carbon supply to mycorrhizal fungi and saprotrophs - a hypothesis based on field observations in boreal forest. New Phytol 2003; 160:225-238. [PMID: 33873541 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• Soil microorganisms are considered C-limited, while plant productivity is frequently N-limited. Large stores of organic C in boreal forest soils are attributed to negative effects of low temperature, soil acidity and plant residue recalcitrance upon microbial activity. • We examined microbial activity, biomass and community composition along a natural 90-m-long soil N supply gradient, where plant species composition varies profoundly, forest productivity three-fold and soil pH by three units. • There was, however, no significant variation in soil respiration in the field across the gradient. Neither did microbial biomass C determined by fumigation-extraction vary, while other estimates of activity and biomass showed a weak increase with increasing N supply and soil pH. Simultaneously, a phospholipid fatty acid attributed mainly to mycorrhizal fungi declined drastically, while bacterial biomass increased. • We hypothesize that low N supply and plant productivity, and hence low litter C supply to saprotrophs is associated with a high plant C supply to mycorrhizal fungi, while the reverse occurs under high N supply. This should mean that effects of N availability on C supply to these functional groups of microbes acts in opposing directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona N Högberg
- Section of Soil Science, Department of Forest Ecology, SLU, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erland Bååth
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Nordgren
- Section of Soil Science, Department of Forest Ecology, SLU, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristina Arnebrant
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Högberg
- Section of Soil Science, Department of Forest Ecology, SLU, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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Curtis PS, Vogel CS, Pregitzer KS, Zak DR, Teeri JA. Interacting effects of soil fertility and atmospheric CO 2 on leaf area growth and carbon gain physiology in Populus×euramericana (Dode) Guinier. New Phytol 1995; 129:253-263. [PMID: 33874550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1995.tb04295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two important processes which may limit productivity gains in forest ecosystems with rising atmospheric CO2 are reduction in photosynthetic capacity following prolonged exposure to high CO2 and diminution of positive growth responses when soil nutrients, particularly N, are limiting. To examine the interacting effects of soil fertility and CO2 enrichment on photosynthesis and growth in trees we grew hybrid poplar (Populus × euramericana) for 158 d in the field at ambient and twice ambient CO2 and in soil with low or high N availability. We measured the timing and rate of canopy development, the seasonal dynamics of leaf level photosynthetic capacity, respiration, and N and carbohydrate concentration, and final above- and belowground dry weight. Single leaf net CO2 assimilation (A) increased at elevated CO2 over the majority of the growing season in both fertility treatments. At high fertility, the maximum size of individual leaves, total leaf number, and seasonal leaf area duration (LAD) also increased at elevated CO2 , leading to a 49% increase in total dry weight. In contrast, at low fertility leaf area growth was unaffected by CO2 treatment. Total dry weight nonetheless increased 25% due to CO2 effects on A. Photosynthetic capacity (A at constant internal p(CO2 ), ((C1 )) was reduced in high CO2 plants after 100 d growth at low fertility and 135 d growth at high fertility. Analysis of A responses to changing C1 indicated that this negative adjustment of photosynthesis was due to a reduction in the maximum rate of CO2 fixation by Rubisco. Maximum rate of electron transport and phosphate regeneration capacity were either unaffected or declined at elevated CO2 . Carbon dioxide effects on leaf respiration were most pronounced at high fertility, with increased respiration mid-season and no change (area basis) or reduced (mass basis) respiration late-season in elevated compared to ambient CO2 plants. This temporal variation correlated with changes in leaf N concentration and leaf mass per area. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering both structural and physiological pathways of net C gain in predicting tree responses to rising CO2 under conditions of suboptimal soil fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Curtis
- Department of Plant Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Christoph S Vogel
- Department of Plant Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Kurt S Pregitzer
- School of Forestry and Lake Superior Ecosystems Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA
| | - Donald R Zak
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - James A Teeri
- Biological Station, University of Michigan, Pellston, Michigan 49769, USA
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