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Kakouridis A, Yuan M, Nuccio EE, Hagen JA, Fossum CA, Moore ML, Estera-Molina KY, Nico PS, Weber PK, Pett-Ridge J, Firestone MK. Arbuscular mycorrhiza convey significant plant carbon to a diverse hyphosphere microbial food web and mineral-associated organic matter. New Phytol 2024; 242:1661-1675. [PMID: 38358052 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) transport substantial plant carbon (C) that serves as a substrate for soil organisms, a precursor of soil organic matter (SOM), and a driver of soil microbial dynamics. Using two-chamber microcosms where an air gap isolated AMF from roots, we 13CO2-labeled Avena barbata for 6 wk and measured the C Rhizophagus intraradices transferred to SOM and hyphosphere microorganisms. NanoSIMS imaging revealed hyphae and roots had similar 13C enrichment. SOM density fractionation, 13C NMR, and IRMS showed AMF transferred 0.77 mg C g-1 of soil (increasing total C by 2% relative to non-mycorrhizal controls); 33% was found in occluded or mineral-associated pools. In the AMF hyphosphere, there was no overall change in community diversity but 36 bacterial ASVs significantly changed in relative abundance. With stable isotope probing (SIP)-enabled shotgun sequencing, we found taxa from the Solibacterales, Sphingobacteriales, Myxococcales, and Nitrososphaerales (ammonium oxidizing archaea) were highly enriched in AMF-imported 13C (> 20 atom%). Mapping sequences from 13C-SIP metagenomes to total ASVs showed at least 92 bacteria and archaea were significantly 13C-enriched. Our results illustrate the quantitative and ecological impact of hyphal C transport on the formation of potentially protective SOM pools and microbial roles in the AMF hyphosphere soil food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kakouridis
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mengting Yuan
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Erin E Nuccio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA
| | - John A Hagen
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Madeline L Moore
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Katerina Y Estera-Molina
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA
| | - Peter S Nico
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Peter K Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Pett-Ridge
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA
- University of California Merced, Merced, 95343, CA, USA
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2
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Dou J, Su X, Wu J, Li S, Dai H, Liu M, Tang Y, Lu Z, Xu J, He Y. Peroxydisulfate-Driven Reductive Dechlorination as Affected by Soil Constituents: Free Radical Formation and Conversion. Environ Sci Technol 2024. [PMID: 38597221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
We report a previously unrecognized but efficient reductive degradation pathway in peroxydisulfate (PDS)-driven soil remediation. With supplements of naturally occurring low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) in anaerobic biochar-activated PDS systems, degradation rates of 12 γ-hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH)-spiked soils boosted from 40% without LMWOAs to a maximum of 99% with 1 mM malic acid. Structural analysis revealed that an increase in α-hydroxyl groups and a diminution in pKa1 values of LMWOAs facilitated the formation of reductive carboxyl anion radicals (COO•-) via electrophilic attack by SO4•-/•OH. Furthermore, degradation kinetics were strongly correlated with soil organic matter (SOM) contents than iron minerals. Combining a newly developed in situ fluorescence detector of reductive radicals with quenching experiments, we showed that for soils with high, medium, and low SOM contents, dominant reactive species switched from singlet oxygen/semiquinone radicals to SO4•-/•OH and then to COO•- (contribution increased from 30.8 to 66.7%), yielding superior HCH degradation. Validation experiments using SOM model compounds highlighted critical roles of redox-active moieties, such as phenolic - OH and quinones, in radical formation and conversion. Our study provides insights into environmental behaviors related to radical activation of persulfate in a broader soil horizon and inspiration for more advanced reduction technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibo Dou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Su
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaxiong Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuyao Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hengyi Dai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yao Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhijiang Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Geology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Jianming Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
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3
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Uddin MJ, Sherrell J, Emami A, Khaleghian M. Application of Artificial Intelligence and Sensor Fusion for Soil Organic Matter Prediction. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2357. [PMID: 38610568 PMCID: PMC11014143 DOI: 10.3390/s24072357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) is one of the best indicators to assess soil health and understand soil productivity and fertility. Therefore, measuring SOM content is a fundamental practice in soil science and agricultural research. The traditional approach (oven-dry) of measuring SOM is a costly, arduous, and time-consuming process. However, the integration of cutting-edge technology can significantly aid in the prediction of SOM, presenting a promising alternative to traditional methods. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that an accurate estimate of SOM might be obtained by combining the ground-based sensor-captured soil parameters and soil analysis data along with drone images of the farm. The data are gathered using three different methods: ground-based sensors detect soil parameters such as temperature, pH, humidity, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium of the soil; aerial photos taken by UAVs display the vegetative index (NDVI); and the Haney test of soil analysis reports measured in a lab from collected samples. Our datasets combined the soil parameters collected using ground-based sensors, soil analysis reports, and NDVI content of farms to perform the data analysis to predict SOM using different machine learning algorithms. We incorporated regression and ANOVA for analyzing the dataset and explored seven different machine learning algorithms, such as linear regression, Ridge regression, Lasso regression, random forest regression, Elastic Net regression, support vector machine, and Stochastic Gradient Descent regression to predict the soil organic matter content using other parameters as predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anahita Emami
- College of Science and Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (M.J.U.); (J.S.)
| | - Meysam Khaleghian
- College of Science and Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (M.J.U.); (J.S.)
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Zhu X, Wang K, Liu C, Wu Y, Wu E, Lv J, Xiao X, Zhu X, Chu C, Chen B. Natural Disinfection-like Process Unveiled in Soil Microenvironments by Enzyme-Catalyzed Chlorination. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:3838-3848. [PMID: 38351523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Substantial natural chlorination processes are a growing concern in diverse terrestrial ecosystems, occurring through abiotic redox reactions or biological enzymatic reactions. Among these, exoenzymatically mediated chlorination is suggested to be an important pathway for producing organochlorines and converting chloride ions (Cl-) to reactive chlorine species (RCS) in the presence of reactive oxygen species like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, the role of natural enzymatic chlorination in antibacterial activity occurring in soil microenvironments remains unexplored. Here, we conceptualized that heme-containing chloroperoxidase (CPO)-catalyzed chlorination functions as a naturally occurring disinfection process in soils. Combining antimicrobial experiments and microfluidic chip-based fluorescence imaging, we showed that the enzymatic chlorination process exhibited significantly enhanced antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis compared to H2O2. This enhancement was primarily attributed to in situ-formed RCS. Based on semiquantitative imaging of RCS distribution using a fluorescence probe, the effective distance of this antibacterial effect was estimated to be approximately 2 mm. Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry analysis showed over 97% similarity between chlorine-containing formulas from CPO-catalyzed chlorination and abiotic chlorination (by sodium hypochlorite) of model dissolved organic matter, indicating a natural source of disinfection byproduct analogues. Our findings unveil a novel natural disinfection process in soils mediated by indigenous enzymes, which effectively links chlorine-carbon interactions and reactive species dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yajing Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Enhui Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jitao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chiheng Chu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 311400, China
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Hou XY, Qiao WT, Gu JD, Liu CY, Hussain MM, Du DL, Zhou Y, Wang YF, Li Q. Reforestation of Cunninghamia lanceolata changes the relative abundances of important prokaryotic families in soil. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1312286. [PMID: 38414777 PMCID: PMC10896735 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1312286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, many forests have been converted to monoculture plantations, which might affect the soil microbial communities that are responsible for governing the soil biogeochemical processes. Understanding how reforestation efforts alter soil prokaryotic microbial communities will therefore inform forest management. In this study, the prokaryotic communities were comparatively investigated in a secondary Chinese fir forest (original) and a reforested Chinese fir plantation (reforested from a secondary Chinese fir forest) in Southern China. The results showed that reforestation changed the structure of the prokaryotic community: the relative abundances of important prokaryotic families in soil. This might be caused by the altered soil pH and organic matter content after reforestation. Soil profile layer depth was an important factor as the upper layers had a higher diversity of prokaryotes than the lower ones (p < 0.05). The composition of the prokaryotic community presented a seasonality characteristic. In addition, the results showed that the dominant phylum was Acidobacteria (58.86%) with Koribacteraceae (15.38%) as the dominant family in the secondary Chinese fir forest and the reforested plantation. Furthermore, soil organic matter, total N, hydrolyzable N, and NH 4 + - N were positively correlated with prokaryotic diversity (p < 0.05). Also, organic matter and NO 3 - - N were positively correlated to prokaryotic abundance (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that re-forest transformation altered soil properties, which lead to the changes in microbial composition. The changes in microbial community might in turn influence biogeochemical processes and the environmental variables. The study could contribute to forest management and policy-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Hou
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wen-Tao Qiao
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ji-Dong Gu
- Environmental Engineering, Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, China
| | - Chao-Ying Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Muhammad Mahroz Hussain
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dao-Lin Du
- Jingjiang College, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Feng Wang
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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6
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Wang J, Wilson RS, Aristilde L. Electrostatic coupling and water bridging in adsorption hierarchy of biomolecules at water-clay interfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316569121. [PMID: 38330016 PMCID: PMC10873623 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316569121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Clay minerals are implicated in the retention of biomolecules within organic matter in many soil environments. Spectroscopic studies have proposed several mechanisms for biomolecule adsorption on clays. Here, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate these mechanisms in hydrated adsorbate conformations of montmorillonite, a smectite-type clay, with ten biomolecules of varying chemistry and structure, including sugars related to cellulose and hemicellulose, lignin-related phenolic acid, and amino acids with different functional groups. Our molecular modeling captures biomolecule-clay and biomolecule-biomolecule interactions that dictate selectivity and competition in adsorption retention and interlayer nanopore trapping, which we determine experimentally by NMR and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Specific adsorbate structures are important in facilitating the electrostatic attraction and Van der Waals energies underlying the hierarchy in biomolecule adsorption. Stabilized by a network of direct and water-bridged hydrogen bonds, favorable electrostatic interactions drive this hierarchy whereby amino acids with positively charged side chains are preferentially adsorbed on the negatively charged clay surface compared to the sugars and carboxylate-rich aromatics and amino acids. With divalent metal cations, our model adsorbate conformations illustrate hydrated metal cation bridging of carboxylate-containing biomolecules to the clay surface, thus explaining divalent cation-promoted adsorption from our experimental data. Adsorption experiments with a mixture of biomolecules reveal selective inhibition in biomolecule adsorption, which our molecular modeling attributes to electrostatic biomolecule-biomolecule pairing that is more energetically favorable than the biomolecule-clay complex. In sum, our findings highlight chemical and structural features that can inform hypotheses for predicting biomolecule adsorption at water-clay interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Rebecca S. Wilson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Ludmilla Aristilde
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
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7
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Jordon MW, Buffet JC, Dungait JA, Galdos M, Garnett T, Lee MR, Lynch J, Röös E, Searchinger TD, Smith P, Godfray HCJ. A restatement of the natural science evidence base concerning grassland management, grazing livestock and soil carbon storage. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232669. [PMID: 38264781 PMCID: PMC10806435 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately a third of all annual greenhouse gas emissions globally are directly or indirectly associated with the food system, and over a half of these are linked to livestock production. In temperate oceanic regions, such as the UK, most meat and dairy is produced in extensive systems based on pasture. There is much interest in the extent to which such grassland may be able to sequester and store more carbon to partially or completely mitigate other greenhouse gas emissions in the system. However, answering this question is difficult due to context-specificity and a complex and sometimes inconsistent evidence base. This paper describes a project that set out to summarize the natural science evidence base relevant to grassland management, grazing livestock and soil carbon storage potential in as policy-neutral terms as possible. It is based on expert appraisal of a systematically assembled evidence base, followed by a wide stakeholders engagement. A series of evidence statements (in the appendix of this paper) are listed and categorized according to the nature of the underlying information, and an annotated bibliography is provided in the electronic supplementary material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Jordon
- Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, 34 Broad Street, Oxford OX1 3BD, UK
| | - Jean-Charles Buffet
- Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, 34 Broad Street, Oxford OX1 3BD, UK
| | - Jennifer A. J. Dungait
- School of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stoker Road, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK
- Carbon Management Centre, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Peter Wilson Building, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Marcelo V. Galdos
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Tara Garnett
- TABLE, Environment Change Institute, University of Oxford, 3 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | | | - John Lynch
- Nature-Based Solutions Initiative, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Elin Röös
- Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Ulls hus, Almas allé 8, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Timothy D. Searchinger
- School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, 318 Robertson Hall, NJ 08544-1013, USA
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - H. Charles J. Godfray
- Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, 34 Broad Street, Oxford OX1 3BD, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
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8
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Xue Q, Jiao Z, Liu X, Pan W, Fu J, Zhang A. Dynamic Behavior and Interaction Mechanism of Soil Organic Matter in Water Systems: A Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Study. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:1531-1540. [PMID: 38118063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Investigating soil organic matter's (SOM) microscale assembly and functionality is challenging due to its complexity. This study constructs comparatively realistic SOM models, including diverse components such as Leonardite humic acid (LHA), lipids, peptides, carbohydrates, and lignin, to unveil their spontaneous self-assembly behavior at the mesoscopic scale through microsecond coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. We discovered an ordered SOM aggregation creating a layered phase from its hydrophobic core to the aqueous phase, resulting in an increasing O/C ratio and declining structural amphiphilicity. Notably, the amphiphilic lipids formed a bilayer membrane, partnering with lignin to constitute SOM's hydrophobic core. LHA, despite forming a layer, was embedded within this structure. The formation of such complex architectures was driven by nonbonded interactions between components. Our analysis revealed component-dependent diffusion effects within the SOM system. Lipids, peptides, and lignin showed inhibitory effects on self-diffusion, while carbohydrates facilitated diffusion. This study offers novel insights into the dynamic behavior and assembly of SOM components, introducing an effective approach for studying dynamic SOM mechanisms in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyue Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, P. R. China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, P. R. China
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9
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Liao H, Hao X, Li Y, Ma S, Gao S, Cai P, Chen W, Huang Q. Protists regulate microbially mediated organic carbon turnover in soil aggregates. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17102. [PMID: 38273557 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Soil protists, the major predator of bacteria and fungi, shape the taxonomic and functional structure of soil microbiome via trophic regulation. However, how trophic interactions between protists and their prey influence microbially mediated soil organic carbon turnover remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the protistan communities and microbial trophic interactions across different aggregates-size fractions in agricultural soil with long-term fertilization regimes. Our results showed that aggregate sizes significantly influenced the protistan community and microbial hierarchical interactions. Bacterivores were the predominant protistan functional group and were more abundant in macroaggregates and silt + clay than in microaggregates, while omnivores showed an opposite distribution pattern. Furthermore, partial least square path modeling revealed positive impacts of omnivores on the C-decomposition genes and soil organic matter (SOM) contents, while bacterivores displayed negative impacts. Microbial trophic interactions were intensive in macroaggregates and silt + clay but were restricted in microaggregates, as indicated by the intensity of protistan-bacterial associations and network complexity and connectivity. Cercozoan taxa were consistently identified as the keystone species in SOM degradation-related ecological clusters in macroaggregates and silt + clay, indicating the critical roles of protists in SOM degradation by regulating bacterial and fungal taxa. Chemical fertilization had a positive effect on soil C sequestration through suppressing SOM degradation-related ecological clusters in macroaggregate and silt + clay. Conversely, the associations between the trophic interactions and SOM contents were decoupled in microaggregates, suggesting limited microbial contributions to SOM turnovers. Our study demonstrates the importance of protists-driven trophic interactions on soil C cycling in agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuli Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiting Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Silin Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghan Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Wuhan, China
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10
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Wang X, Wang C, Fan X, Sun L, Sang C, Wang X, Jiang P, Fang Y, Bai E. Mineral composition controls the stabilization of microbially derived carbon and nitrogen in soils: Insights from an isotope tracing model. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17156. [PMID: 38273526 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Evidence is emerging that microbial products and residues (necromass) contribute greatly to stable soil organic matter (SOM), which calls for the necessity of separating the microbial necromass from other SOM pools in models. However, the understanding on how microbial necromass stabilizes in soil, especially the mineral protection mechanisms, is still lacking. Here, we incubated 13 C- and 15 N-labelled microbial necromass in a series of artificial soils varying in clay minerals and metal oxides. We found the mineralization, adsorption and desorption rate constants of necromass nitrogen were higher than those of necromass carbon. The accumulation rates of necromass carbon and nitrogen in mineral-associated SOM were positively correlated with the specific surface area of clay minerals. Our results provide direct evidence for the protection role of mineral in microbial necromass stabilization and provide a platform for simulating microbial necromass separately in SOM models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xianlei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lifei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Changpeng Sang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xugao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Edith Bai
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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11
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Bramble DSE, Ulrich S, Schöning I, Mikutta R, Brandt L, Poll C, Kandeler E, Mikutta C, Konrad A, Siemens J, Yang Y, Polle A, Schall P, Ammer C, Kaiser K, Schrumpf M. Formation of mineral-associated organic matter in temperate soils is primarily controlled by mineral type and modified by land use and management intensity. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17024. [PMID: 37986273 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Formation of mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) supports the accumulation and stabilization of carbon (C) in soil, and thus, is a key factor in the global C cycle. Little is known about the interplay of mineral type, land use and management intensity in MAOM formation, especially on subdecadal time scales. We exposed mineral containers with goethite or illite, the most abundant iron oxide and phyllosilicate clay in temperate soils, for 5 years in topsoils of 150 forest and 150 grassland sites in three regions across Germany. Results show that irrespective of land use and management intensity, more C accumulated on goethite than illite (on average 0.23 ± 0.10 and 0.06 ± 0.03 mg m-2 mineral surface respectively). Carbon accumulation across regions was consistently higher in coniferous forests than in deciduous forests and grasslands. Structural equation models further showed that thinning and harvesting reduced MAOM formation in forests. Formation of MAOM in grasslands was not affected by grazing. Fertilization had opposite effects on MAOM formation, with the positive effect being mediated by enhanced plant productivity and the negative effect by reduced plant species richness. This highlights the caveat of applying fertilizers as a strategy to increase soil C stocks in temperate grasslands. Overall, we demonstrate that the rate and amount of MAOM formation in soil is primarily driven by mineral type, and can be modulated by land use and management intensity even on subdecadal time scales. Our results suggest that temperate soils dominated by oxides have a higher capacity to accumulate and store C than those dominated by phyllosilicate clays, even under circumneutral pH conditions. Therefore, adopting land use and management practices that increase C inputs into oxide-rich soils that are under their capacity to store C may offer great potential to enhance near-term soil C sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Shorn E Bramble
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Hydrogeology, Institute for Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Ulrich
- Soil Science and Soil Protection, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ingo Schöning
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Mikutta
- Soil Science and Soil Protection, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Luise Brandt
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Poll
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Mikutta
- Soil Mineralogy, Institute of Mineralogy, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Konrad
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, iFZ Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan Siemens
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, iFZ Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Schall
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Ammer
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Kaiser
- Soil Science and Soil Protection, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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12
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Lodygin E, Vasilevich R, Abakumov E. Relating Paramagnetic Properties to Molecular Parameters of Humic Acids Isolated from Permafrost Peatlands in the European Arctic. Molecules 2023; 29:104. [PMID: 38202687 PMCID: PMC10779841 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Free radicals (FRs) are intermediate participants in the transformation process of soil organic matter, and free radical activity is a fundamental property of humic substances. The aim of this work was to conduct a comparative study of the paramagnetic properties of humic acids (HAs) isolated from Histosols by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The studied Histosols are found in permafrost peatlands in four natural geographic subzones of the European Arctic (from forest tundra to northern tundra). The results obtained showed that in anaerobic conditions on the peatlands in the tundra zone, the formation of semiquinone-type radicals occurs through the reduction of quinone fragments of HAs and leads to an increase in the concentration of paramagnetic centres within HAs. PCA analysis allowed us to reveal relationships between the properties of the initial raw peat samples, the molecular composition of the isolated HAs, and their paramagnetic parameters. It was found that FR localization occurs predominantly on aromatic fragments of lignin nature, which are confined to the low molecular weight fraction of HAs. The g-factor values of the EPR spectra of HAs indicate the presence of carbon- and oxygen-centred FRs in the HA structure, with a predominance of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Lodygin
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28, Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia;
| | - Roman Vasilevich
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28, Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia;
| | - Evgeny Abakumov
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 16th Liniya V.O., 29, 199178 St. Petersburg, Russia;
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13
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Stoner S, Trumbore SE, González-Pérez JA, Schrumpf M, Sierra CA, Hoyt AM, Chadwick O, Doetterl S. Relating mineral-organic matter stabilization mechanisms to carbon quality and age distributions using ramped thermal analysis. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2023; 381:20230139. [PMID: 37807690 PMCID: PMC10642790 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic carbon (OC) association with soil minerals stabilizes OC on timescales reflecting the strength of mineral-C interactions. We applied ramped thermal oxidation to subsoil B horizons with different mineral-C associations to separate OC according to increasing temperature of oxidation, i.e. thermal activation energy. Generally, OC released at lower temperatures was richer in bioavailable forms like polysaccharides, while OC released at higher temperatures was more aromatic. Organic carbon associated with pedogenic oxides was released at lower temperatures and had a narrow range of 14C content. By contrast, N-rich compounds were released at higher temperatures from samples with 2 : 1 clays and short-range ordered (SRO) amorphous minerals. Temperatures of release overlapped for SRO minerals and crystalline oxides, although the mean age of OC released was older for the SRO. In soils with more mixed mineralogy, the added presence of older OC released at temperatures greater than 450°C from clays resulted in a broader distribution of OC ages within the sample, especially for soils rich in 2 : 1 layer expandable clays such as smectite. While pedogenic setting affects mineral stability and absolute OC age, mineralogy controls the structure of OC age distribution within a sample, which may provide insight into model structures and OC dynamics under changing conditions. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Radiocarbon in the Anthropocene'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Stoner
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich,8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susan E. Trumbore
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - José A. González-Pérez
- Biogeoquímica, Ecología Vegetal y Microbiana, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marion Schrumpf
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Carlos A. Sierra
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Alison M. Hoyt
- Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Oliver Chadwick
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Doetterl
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich,8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Huang W, Kuzyakov Y, Niu S, Luo Y, Sun B, Zhang J, Liang Y. Drivers of microbially and plant-derived carbon in topsoil and subsoil. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:6188-6200. [PMID: 37732716 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant- and microbially derived carbon (C) are the two major sources of soil organic matter (SOM), and their ratio impacts SOM composition, accumulation, stability, and turnover. The contributions of and the key factors defining the plant and microbial C in SOM along the soil profile are not well known. By leveraging nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and biomarker analysis, we analyzed the plant and microbial C in three soil types using regional-scale sampling and combined these results with a meta-analysis. Topsoil (0-40 cm) was rich in carbohydrates and lignin (38%-50%), whereas subsoil (40-100 cm) contained more proteins and lipids (26%-60%). The proportion of plant C increases, while microbial C decreases with SOM content. The decrease rate of the ratio of the microbially derived C to plant-derived C (CM:P ) with SOM content was 23%-30% faster in the topsoil than in the subsoil in the regional study and meta-analysis. The topsoil had high potential to stabilize plant-derived C through intensive microbial transformations and microbial necromass formation. Plant C input and mean annual soil temperature were the main factors defining CM:P in topsoil, whereas the fungi-to-bacteria ratio and clay content were the main factors influencing subsoil CM:P . Combining a regional study and meta-analysis, we highlighted the contribution of plant litter to microbial necromass to organic matter up to 1-m soil depth and elucidated the main factors regulating their long-term preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Luo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Jović B, Panić M, Pavlović A, Kordić B, Ćirić V. Mid-Infrared Variable Selection for Soil Organic Matter Fractions Based on Soil Model Systems and Permutation Importance Algorithm. Appl Spectrosc 2023; 77:1228-1239. [PMID: 37753550 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231203249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
In this research, an attempt was made to classify soil samples according to the different fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) using model systems in which the ratio of the fractions of SOM is chemically mimicked. A mixture of starch and nicotinamide was used for the labile organic matter model, while a standard of humic acid was used for the stabile organic matter. Changing the threshold value in the selected ranges after a permutation importance algorithm is conducted using train models and test data set, a list of selected important wavelengths and their importance scores were obtained. Three regions for the classification of soil fractions within the estimated probability density function are most prominent: 800-1200 cm-1, 0.48-0.55; 1800-2000 cm-1, 0.52-0.62; and 2500-3200 cm-1, 0.48-0.62, where the first component represents the spectral range while the second component covers the range of the importance score. Obtained wavelength ranges indicate the importance of the aliphatic stretching and bending vibration region, as well as the total soil reflectance (mineral content) for the characterization of organic matter fractions. A comparative evaluation with literature data found that the obtained wavelengths have a potential for application in methods of proximal and remote detection/calibration of existing and development of new sensors for Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer satellites, specifically in the shortwave infrared and thermal infrared ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Jović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marko Panić
- Research Centre for Sensing Technologies, Institute Biosens, NoviSad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Pavlović
- Research Centre for Sensing Technologies, Institute Biosens, NoviSad, Serbia
| | - Branko Kordić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Ćirić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia
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16
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Ukalska-Jaruga A, Bejger R, Smreczak B, Weber J, Mielnik L, Jerzykiewicz M, Ćwieląg-Piasecka I, Jamroz E, Debicka M, Kocowicz A, Bekier J. The Interaction of Pesticides with Humin Fractions and Their Potential Impact on Non-Extractable Residue Formation. Molecules 2023; 28:7146. [PMID: 37894625 PMCID: PMC10609562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The constant influx of pesticides into soils is a key environmental issue in terms of their potential retention in the soil, thus reducing their negative impact on the environment. Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important factor influencing the environmental fate of these substances. Therefore, the aim of this research was to assess the chemical behavior of pesticides (flufenacet, pendimethalin, α-cypermethrin, metazachlor, acetamiprid) toward stable soil humin fractions (HNs) as a main factor affecting the formation of non-extractable residues of agrochemicals in soil. This research was conducted as a batch experiment according to OECD Guideline 106. For this purpose, HNs were isolated from eight soils with different physicochemical properties (clay content = 16-47%, pHKCl = 5.6-7.7, TOC = 13.3-49.7 g·kg-1, TN = 1.06-2.90 g·kg-1, TOC/TN = 11.4-13.7) to reflect the various processes of their formation. The extraction was carried out through the sequential separation of humic acids with 0.1 M NaOH, and then the digestion of the remaining mineral fraction with 10% HF/HCl. The pesticide concentrations were detected using GC-MS/MS. The pesticides were characterized based on the different sorption rates to HNs, according to the overall trend: metazachlor (95% of absorbed compound) > acetamiprid (94% of absorbed compound) > cypermethrin (63% of partitioning compound) > flufenacet (39% of partitioning compound) > pendimethalin (28% of partitioning compound). Cypermethrin and metazachlor exhibited the highest saturation dynamic, while the other agrochemicals were much more slowly attracted by the HNs. The obtained sorption kinetic data were congruous to the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models related to the surface adsorption and interparticle diffusion isotherm. The conducted research showed that the processes of pesticide sorption, apart from physicochemical phenomena, are also affected by the properties of the pollutants themselves (polarity, KOC) and the soil properties (SOM content, clay content, and pHKCl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Romualda Bejger
- Department of Bioengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI/3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Bożena Smreczak
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Weber
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (I.Ć.-P.); (E.J.); (M.D.); (A.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Lilla Mielnik
- Department of Bioengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI/3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland;
| | | | - Irmina Ćwieląg-Piasecka
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (I.Ć.-P.); (E.J.); (M.D.); (A.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Elżbieta Jamroz
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (I.Ć.-P.); (E.J.); (M.D.); (A.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Magdalena Debicka
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (I.Ć.-P.); (E.J.); (M.D.); (A.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Andrzej Kocowicz
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (I.Ć.-P.); (E.J.); (M.D.); (A.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Jakub Bekier
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (I.Ć.-P.); (E.J.); (M.D.); (A.K.); (J.B.)
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17
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Wang YH, Jin YD, Jiang MK, Ma SQ, Chen YC, Cai YJ. [Short-term nitrogen deposition changes chemical composition of litter and soil organic matter in a Moso bamboo forest]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:2593-2600. [PMID: 37897265 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202310.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of short-term nitrogen (N) deposition on organic matter composition of litter and soil in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) forests, we established a N-addition treatments (50 kg N·hm-2·a-1) to simulate the ambient and N deposition in a subtropical Moso bamboo forest from July 2020 to January 2022. We analyzed the organic matter composition of Moso bamboo leaf/root litter and soil by using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) technique. The results showed that short-term N deposition significantly increased the relative content of soil phenols by 50.9%, while significantly decreased fatty acids by 26.3%. The rela-tive content of alkanes & alkenes and lignin in leaf litter was significantly increased by 51.9% and 33.5%, respectively, while that of phenols and polysaccharides significantly decreased by 52.2% and 56.3%. In root litter, eleva-ted N significantly decreased the relative content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by 16.6%. Moreover, the relative content of fatty acids in soil organic matter was significantly positively correlated with the relative content of poly-saccharides in leaf litter. The relative content of phenols in soil organic matter was significantly positively correlated with the relative content of lignin, and negatively correlated with the relative content of polysaccharides in leaf litter. Our results demonstrated that short-term N deposition did not change the concentration of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and C/N of the soil, leaf litter, and root litter, but significantly altered the chemical composition of organic matter. In addition, the changes in chemical composition of organic matter in soil under short-term N deposition were affected by the composition of organic matter in leaf litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yi-Dan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ming-Kai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shu-Qin Ma
- College of Tourism, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - You-Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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18
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Yi B, Lu C, Huang W, Yu W, Yang J, Howe A, Weintraub-Leff SR, Hall SJ. Resolving the influence of lignin on soil organic matter decomposition with mechanistic models and continental-scale data. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:5968-5980. [PMID: 37448171 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Confidence in model estimates of soil CO2 flux depends on assumptions regarding fundamental mechanisms that control the decomposition of litter and soil organic carbon (SOC). Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the role of lignin, an abundant and complex biopolymer that may limit decomposition. We tested competing mechanisms using data-model fusion with modified versions of the CN-SIM model and a 571-day laboratory incubation dataset where decomposition of litter, lignin, and SOC was measured across 80 soil samples from the National Ecological Observatory Network. We found that lignin decomposition consistently decreased over time in 65 samples, whereas in the other 15 samples, lignin decomposition subsequently increased. These "lagged-peak" samples can be predicted by low soil pH, high extractable Mn, and fungal community composition as measured by ITS PC2 (the second principal component of an ordination of fungal ITS amplicon sequences). The highest-performing model incorporated soil biogeochemical factors and daily dynamics of substrate availability (labile bulk litter:lignin) that jointly represented two hypotheses (C substrate limitation and co-metabolism) previously thought to influence lignin decomposition. In contrast, models representing either hypothesis alone were biased and underestimated cumulative decomposition. Our findings reconcile competing hypotheses of lignin decomposition and suggest the need to precisely represent the role of lignin and consider soil metal and fungal characteristics to accurately estimate decomposition in Earth-system models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yi
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Chaoqun Lu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Wenjuan Huang
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Wenjuan Yu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jihoon Yang
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Adina Howe
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Steven J Hall
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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19
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Nogues I, Passatore L, Bustamante MÁ, Pallozzi E, Luz J, Traquete F, Ferreira AEN, Sousa Silva M, Cordeiro C. Cultivation of Melilotus officinalis as a source of bioactive compounds in association with soil recovery practices. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1218594. [PMID: 37771488 PMCID: PMC10523325 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1218594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Melilotus officinalis is a Leguminosae with relevant applications in medicine and soil recovery. This study reports the application of Melilotus officinalis plants in soil recovery and as a source of bioactive compounds. Methods Plants were cultivated in semiarid soil under four different fertilizer treatments, urban waste compost at 10 t/ha and 20 t/ha, inorganic fertilizer and a control (no fertilizer). Agronomic properties of soil (pH, EC, soil respiration, C content, macro- and microelements) were analyzed before and after treatment. Also, germination, biomass, element contents, and physiological response were evaluated. Metabolite composition of plants was analyzed through Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Results and discussion Results showed a significant enhancement of the soil microbial activity in planted soils amended with compost, though there were no other clear effects on the soil physicochemical and chemical characteristics during the short experimental period. An improvement in M. officinalis germination and growth was observed in soils with compost amendment. Metabolite composition of plants was analyzed through Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Principal Component and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering models suggest that there is a clear separation of the metabolome of four groups of plants grown under different soil treatments. The five most important discriminative metabolites (annotated) were oleamide, palmitic acid, stearic acid, 3-hydroxy-cis-5-octenoylcarnitine, and 6-hydroxynon-7- enoylcarnitine. This study provides information on how the metabolome of Melilotus might be altered by fertilizer application in poor soil regions. These metabolome changes might have repercussions for the application of this plant in medicine and pharmacology. The results support the profitability of Melilotus officinalis cultivation for bioactive compounds production in association with soil recovery practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Nogues
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council (IRET-CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Passatore
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council (IRET-CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - María Ángeles Bustamante
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Emanuele Pallozzi
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council (IRET-CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - João Luz
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Traquete
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António E. N. Ferreira
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Sousa Silva
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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20
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Muñoz-Vega E, Schulz S, Rodriguez-Escales P, Behle V, Spada L, Vogel AL, Sanchez-Vila X, Schüth C. Role of Soil Biofilms in Clogging and Fate of Pharmaceuticals: A Laboratory-Scale Column Experiment. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:12398-12410. [PMID: 37558209 PMCID: PMC10448752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of groundwater with pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) increased over the last decades. Potential pathways of PhACs to groundwater include techniques such as irrigation, managed aquifer recharge, or bank filtration as well as natural processes such as losing streams of PhACs-loaded source waters. Usually, these systems are characterized by redox-active zones, where microorganisms grow and become immobilized by the formation of biofilms, structures that colonize the pore space and decrease the infiltration capacities, a phenomenon known as bioclogging. The goal of this work is to gain a deeper understanding of the influence of soil biofilms on hydraulic conductivity reduction and the fate of PhACs in the subsurface. For this purpose, we selected three PhACs with different physicochemical properties (carbamazepine, diclofenac, and metoprolol) and performed batch and column experiments using a natural soil, as it is and with the organic matter removed, under different biological conditions. We observed enhanced sorption and biodegradation for all PhACs in the system with higher biological activity. Bioclogging was more prevalent in the absence of organic matter. Our results differ from works using artificial porous media and thus reveal the importance of utilizing natural soils with organic matter in studies designed to assess the role of soil biofilms in bioclogging and the fate of PhACs in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edinsson Muñoz-Vega
- Institute
of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität
Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute
of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität
Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Escales
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08034, Spain
- Hydrogeology
Group (UPC−CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Vera Behle
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Lucas Spada
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt
am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Alexander L. Vogel
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt
am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Xavier Sanchez-Vila
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08034, Spain
- Hydrogeology
Group (UPC−CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Christoph Schüth
- Institute
of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität
Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
- Water
Resources Management Division, IWW Water
Centre, Mülheim
an der Ruhr 45476, Germany
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21
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Squire GR, Young MW, Banks G. Post-Intensification Poaceae Cropping: Declining Soil, Unfilled Grain Potential, Time to Act. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2742. [PMID: 37514356 PMCID: PMC10384148 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The status and sustainability of Poaceae crops, wheat and barley, were examined in an Atlantic zone climate. Intensification had caused yield to rise 3-fold over the last 50 years but had also degraded soil and biodiversity. Soil carbon and nitrogen were compared with current growth and yield of crops. The yield gap was estimated and options considered for raising yield. Organic carbon stores in the soil (C-soil) ranged from <2% in intensified systems growing long-season wheat to >4% in low-input, short-season barley and grass. Carbon acquisition by crops (C-crop) was driven mainly by length of season and nitrogen input. The highest C-crop was 8320 kg ha-1 C in long-season wheat supported by >250 kg ha-1 mineral N fertiliser and the lowest 1420 kg ha-1 in short-season barley fertilised by livestock grazing. Sites were quantified in terms of the ratio C-crop to C-soil, the latter estimated as the mass of carbon in the upper 0.25 m of soil. C-crop/C-soil was <1% for barley in low-input systems, indicating the potential of the region for long-term carbon sequestration. In contrast, C-crop/C-soil was >10% in high-input wheat, indicating vulnerability of the soil to continued severe annual disturbance. The yield gap between the current average and the highest attainable yield was quantified in terms of the proportion of grain sink that was unfilled. Intensification had raised yield through a 3- to 4-fold increase in grain number per unit field area, but the potential grain sink was still much higher than the current average yield. Filling the yield gap may be possible but could only be achieved with a major rise in applied nitrogen. Sustainability in Poaceae cropping now faces conflicting demands: (a) conserving and regenerating soil carbon stores in high-input systems, (b) reducing GHG emissions and other pollution from N fertiliser, (c) maintaining the yield or closing the yield gap, and (d) readjusting production among food, feed, and alcohol markets. Current cropping systems are unlikely to satisfy these demands. Transitions are needed to alternative systems based on agroecological management and biological nitrogen fixation.
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22
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Ćwieląg-Piasecka I. Soil Organic Matter Composition and pH as Factors Affecting Retention of Carbaryl, Carbofuran and Metolachlor in Soil. Molecules 2023; 28:5552. [PMID: 37513424 PMCID: PMC10386698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of studies concerning the environmental behavior of hydrophobic pollutants in soil consider soil organic matter (SOM) content as a main factor influencing chemical retention, whereas the composition of SOM and its individual fraction share are often neglected. In the present paper, carbaryl, carbofuran and metolachlor retention by loamy sand and loam topsoil materials is compared and referred to humic acids (CHA) and the residual carbon (CR) content of SOM. Additionally, the sorption-desorption behavior of agrochemicals in soils was tested at a pH of three to seven. Calculated isothermal parameters point to favorable, spontaneous and physical pesticide sorption. Groundwater ubiquity score (GUS) indexes confirmed the low leaching ability of metolachlor on soils and moderate of carbofuran. The high affinity of carbaryl to CR may explain its pronounced sorption in loam soil and the lowest percolation potential. Carbofuran retention in soils was associated with montmorillonite (Mt) and CR fractions. Meanwhile, metolachlor uptake was related to humic acid and Mt content of the soils. Lower pH enhanced retention of the agrochemicals, except for carbaryl sorption in sandy loam soil. Results of this study highlight that SOM composition and mutual share of individual organic carbon fractions alongside pH may play a crucial role in predicting non-ionic pesticide behavior in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmina Ćwieląg-Piasecka
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53 St., 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
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23
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Magnucka EG, Kulczycki G, Oksińska MP, Kucińska J, Pawęska K, Milo Ł, Pietr SJ. The Effect of Various Forms of Sulfur on Soil Organic Matter Fractions and Microorganisms in a Pot Experiment with Perennial Ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2649. [PMID: 37514266 PMCID: PMC10384080 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on the agronomic evaluation of the supplementation of mineral NPKMg fertilizers with elemental sulfur, magnesium, potassium, or ammonium sulfates in pot experiments with ryegrass growing in a sandy Arenosol with very low sulfur content. A benefit evaluation was carried out on the basis of biomass production, crop nutritional status, and changes in the content of soil organic matter fractions. Furthermore, the total number of bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and fungi was estimated using the qPCR technique in soil samples after 60 days of ryegrass growth. The combined application of NPKMg and sulfur or sulfate fertilizers significantly increased the summary yield of three cuttings of fresh ryegrass biomass in the range of 32.3% to 82.7%. The application, especially in the form of sulfates, significantly decreased the content of free phenolic acids. Furthermore, compared to the control, i.e., soil with NPKMg applied alone, an increase in the content of glomalin-related proteins and a decrease in the amount of water-soluble organic carbon compounds were observed. Neither the number of DNA marker copy numbers of the total bacterial community nor the nitrogen-fixing bacteria were noticeably different. In turn, the total number of genetic markers for fungi was significantly higher in soils with potassium or ammonium sulfates compared to the control soil. The general results suggest that the application of sulfur fertilizers with NPKMg mineral fertilizer can benefit crops and support soil fertility due to the stabilization of aggregates and the decrease in water-soluble organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta G Magnucka
- Laboratory of Biogeochemistry and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental & Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka St. 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kulczycki
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental & Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka St. 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata P Oksińska
- Laboratory of Biogeochemistry and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental & Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka St. 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kucińska
- Laboratory of Biogeochemistry and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental & Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka St. 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pawęska
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental & Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Milo
- Chemical Plants "Siarkopol" Tarnobrzeg Ltd., Chemiczna St. 3, 39-400 Tarnobrzeg, Poland
| | - Stanisław J Pietr
- Laboratory of Biogeochemistry and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental & Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka St. 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
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24
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Menta C, Remelli S, Andreoni M, Gatti F, Sergi V. Can Grasslands in Photovoltaic Parks Play a Role in Conserving Soil Arthropod Biodiversity? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1536. [PMID: 37511911 PMCID: PMC10381872 DOI: 10.3390/life13071536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Under the increasing global energy demand, the new European Union Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 encourages combinations of energy production systems compatible with biodiversity conservation; however, in photovoltaic parks, panels shadowing the effects on soil health and biodiversity are still unknown. This study (location: Northern Italy) aimed to evaluate the effect of ground-mounted photovoltaic (GMPV) systems on soil arthropod biodiversity, considering two parks with different vegetation management: site 1-grassland mowed with tractor; site 2-grassland managed with sheep and donkeys. Three conditions were identified in each park: under photovoltaic panel (row), between the panel rows (inter-row), and around the photovoltaic plant (control). The soil pH and organic matter (SOM), soil arthropod community, biodiversity, and soil quality index (e.g., QBS-ar index) were characterised. Differences between the two GMPVs were mainly driven by the SOM content (higher values where grazing animals were present). No differences were observed in site 1, even if a high heterogeneity of results was observed for the soil biodiversity parameters under the panels. In site 2, SOM and pH, as well as arthropods biodiversity and QBS-ar, showed low values in the row. Soil fauna assemblages were also affected by ground-mounted panels, where Acarina, Collembola, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera showed the lowest density in the row. This study suggests that ground-mounted solar panels had significant effects on below-ground soil fauna, and was more marked depending on the system management. Furthermore, the results obtained for the inter-row were similar to the control, suggesting that the area between the panel rows could be considered a good hotspot for soil biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Menta
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Remelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Andreoni
- ESPERTA Benefit Corporation, Strada Giarola, 8, 43044 Collecchio, Italy
| | - Fabio Gatti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Sergi
- Department Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics (DICATAM), University of Brescia, via Branze 43, 25060 Brescia, Italy
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25
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Shi Z, Yin J, Li B, Sun F, Miao T, Cao Y, Shi Z, Chen S, Hu B, Ji W. Comparison of Depth-Specific Prediction of Soil Properties: MIR vs. Vis-NIR Spectroscopy. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:5967. [PMID: 37447814 PMCID: PMC10346987 DOI: 10.3390/s23135967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The prediction of soil properties at different depths is an important research topic for promoting the conservation of black soils and the development of precision agriculture. Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR, 2500-25000 nm) has shown great potential in predicting soil properties. This study aimed to explore the ability of MIR to predict soil organic matter (OM) and total nitrogen (TN) at five different depths with the calibration from the whole depth (0-100 cm) or the shallow layers (0-40 cm) and compare its performance with visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (vis-NIR, 350-2500 nm). A total of 90 soil samples containing 450 subsamples (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-70 cm, and 70-100 cm depths) and their corresponding MIR and vis-NIR spectra were collected from a field of black soil in Northeast China. Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) were used to build prediction models. The results showed that prediction models based on MIR (OM: RMSEp = 1.07-3.82 g/kg, RPD = 1.10-5.80; TN: RMSEp = 0.11-0.15 g/kg, RPD = 1.70-4.39) outperformed those based on vis-NIR (OM: RMSEp = 1.75-8.95 g/kg, RPD = 0.50-3.61; TN: RMSEp = 0.12-0.27 g/kg; RPD = 1.00-3.11) because of the higher number of characteristic bands. Prediction models based on the whole depth calibration (OM: RMSEp = 1.09-2.97 g/kg, RPD = 2.13-5.80; TN: RMSEp = 0.08-0.19 g/kg, RPD = 1.86-4.39) outperformed those based on the shallow layers (OM: RMSEp = 1.07-8.95 g/kg, RPD = 0.50-3.93; TN: RMSEp = 0.11-0.27 g/kg, RPD = 1.00-2.24) because the soil sample data of the whole depth had a larger and more representative sample size and a wider distribution. However, prediction models based on the whole depth calibration might provide lower accuracy in some shallow layers. Accordingly, it is suggested that the methods pertaining to soil property prediction based on the spectral library should be considered in future studies for an optimal approach to predicting soil properties at specific depths. This study verified the superiority of MIR for soil property prediction at specific depths and confirmed the advantage of modeling with the whole depth calibration, pointing out a possible optimal approach and providing a reference for predicting soil properties at specific depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Shi
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianxin Yin
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fujun Sun
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tianyu Miao
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Cao
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhou Shi
- Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Songchao Chen
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Bifeng Hu
- Department of Land Resource Management, School of Public Finance and Public Administration, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Wenjun Ji
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100193, China
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26
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Breithaupt JL, Steinmuller HE, Rovai AS, Engelbert KM, Smoak JM, Chambers LG, Radabaugh KR, Moyer RP, Chappel A, Vaughn DR, Bianchi TS, Twilley RR, Pagliosa P, Cifuentes-Jara M, Torres D. An Improved Framework for Estimating Organic Carbon Content of Mangrove Soils Using loss-on-ignition and Coastal Environmental Setting. Wetlands (Wilmington) 2023; 43:57. [PMID: 37360757 PMCID: PMC10287774 DOI: 10.1007/s13157-023-01698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of loss on ignition (LOI) measurements of soil organic matter (SOM) to estimate soil organic carbon (OC) content is a decades-old practice. While there are limitations and uncertainties to this approach, it continues to be necessary for many coastal wetlands researchers and conservation practitioners without access to an elemental analyzer. Multiple measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) standards recognize the need (and uncertainty) for using this method. However, no framework exists to explain the substantial differences among equations that relate SOM to OC; consequently, equation selection can be a haphazard process leading to widely divergent and inaccurate estimates. To address this lack of clarity, we used a dataset of 1,246 soil samples from 17 mangrove regions in North, Central, and South America, and calculated SOM to OC conversion equations for six unique types of coastal environmental setting. A framework is provided for understanding differences and selecting an equation based on a study region's SOM content and whether mineral sediments are primarily terrigenous or carbonate in origin. This approach identifies the positive dependence of conversion equation slopes on regional mean SOM content and indicates a distinction between carbonate settings with mean (± 1 S.E.) OC:SOM of 0.47 (0.002) and terrigenous settings with mean OC:SOM of 0.32 (0.018). This framework, focusing on unique coastal environmental settings, is a reminder of the global variability in mangrove soil OC content and encourages continued investigation of broadscale factors that contribute to soil formation and change in blue carbon settings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13157-023-01698-z.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Havalend E. Steinmuller
- Florida State University Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL USA
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin, AL Island
- Stokes School of Marine and Environmental Science, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL USA
| | - Andre S. Rovai
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | | | - Joseph M. Smoak
- School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, USA
| | - Lisa G. Chambers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA
| | - Kara R. Radabaugh
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL USA
| | | | - Amanda Chappel
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Derrick R. Vaughn
- Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
- School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | - Thomas S. Bianchi
- Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Robert R. Twilley
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Paulo Pagliosa
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900 SC Brasil
| | - Miguel Cifuentes-Jara
- Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Dr., Ste. 600, Arlington, VA USA
- CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, 30501 Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Danilo Torres
- CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, 30501 Turrialba, Costa Rica
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27
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Davenport R, Bowen BP, Lynch LM, Kosina SM, Shabtai I, Northen TR, Lehmann J. Decomposition decreases molecular diversity and ecosystem similarity of soil organic matter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303335120. [PMID: 37307452 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303335120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) is comprised of a diverse array of reactive carbon molecules, including hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds, that impact rates of SOM formation and persistence. Despite clear importance to ecosystem science, little is known about broad-scale controls on SOM diversity and variability in soil. Here, we show that microbial decomposition drives significant variability in the molecular richness and diversity of SOM between soil horizons and across a continental-scale gradient in climate and ecosystem type (arid shrubs, coniferous, deciduous, and mixed forests, grasslands, and tundra sedges). The molecular dissimilarity of SOM was strongly influenced by ecosystem type (hydrophilic compounds: 17%, P < 0.001; hydrophobic compounds: 10% P < 0.001) and soil horizon (hydrophilic compounds: 17%, P < 0.001; hydrophobic compounds: 21%, P < 0.001), as assessed using metabolomic analysis of hydrophilic and hydrophobic metabolites. While the proportion of shared molecular features was significantly higher in the litter layer than subsoil C horizons across ecosystems (12 times and 4 times higher for hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds, respectively), the proportion of site-specific molecular features nearly doubled from the litter layer to the subsoil horizon, suggesting greater differentiation of compounds after microbial decomposition within each ecosystem. Together, these results suggest that microbial decomposition of plant litter leads to a decrease in SOM α-molecular diversity, yet an increase in β-molecular diversity across ecosystems. The degree of microbial degradation, determined by the position in the soil profile, exerts a greater control on SOM molecular diversity than environmental factors, such as soil texture, moisture, and ecosystem type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Davenport
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Benjamin P Bowen
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Metabolomics Technology Group Joint Genome Institute, Department of Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
| | - Laurel M Lynch
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Suzanne M Kosina
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Itamar Shabtai
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Trent R Northen
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Metabolomics Technology Group Joint Genome Institute, Department of Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
| | - Johannes Lehmann
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
- Department of Global Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
- Cornell Institute for Digital Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
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Bokszczanin KŁ, Przybyłko S, Molska-Kawulok K, Wrona D. Tree Root-Associated Microbial Communities Depend on Various Floor Management Systems in an Intensive Apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh.) Orchard. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9898. [PMID: 37373046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative 3agriculture prioritizes soil health to build up organic soil carbon and nitrogen stocks while supporting the active and diverse soil biota that is a prerequisite for maintaining crop productivity and quality in sustainable food production. This study aimed at unravelling the impact of organic and inorganic soil maintenance systems in a 'Red Jonaprince' apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) orchard on soil microbiota biodiversity and soil physico-chemical properties. During our study, we compared seven floor management systems in terms of microbial community diversity. Fungal and bacterial communities on all taxonomic levels differed largely between systems that augmented organic matter (organic) and other tested inorganic regimes. The dominant phylum of the soil in all management systems was Ascomycota. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within the Ascomycota were largely identified as members of Sordariomycetes, followed by Agaricomycetes, and both dominated in organic systems versus inorganic. The most prominent phyla, Proteobacteria, accounted for 43% of all assigned bacteria OTUs. Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia, and Alphaproteobacteria were predominant in organic samples, while Acidobacteriae, Verrucomicrobiae, and Gemmatimonadetes were more abundant in inorganic mulches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Łucja Bokszczanin
- Department of Pomology and Horticulture Economics, Institute of Horticultural Sciences SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 Str., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Przybyłko
- Department of Pomology and Horticulture Economics, Institute of Horticultural Sciences SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 Str., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Molska-Kawulok
- Department of Pomology and Horticulture Economics, Institute of Horticultural Sciences SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 Str., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wrona
- Department of Pomology and Horticulture Economics, Institute of Horticultural Sciences SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 Str., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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Wu Y, Wang X, Zhang L, Zheng Y, Liu X, Zhang Y. The critical role of biochar to mitigate the adverse impacts of drought and salinity stress in plants. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1163451. [PMID: 37223815 PMCID: PMC10200947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1163451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress (DS) is a potential abiotic stress that is substantially reducing crop productivity across the globe. Likewise, salinity stress (SS) is another serious abiotic stress that is also a major threat to global crop productivity. The rapid climate change increased the intensity of both stresses which pose a serious threat to global food security; therefore, it is urgently needed to tackle both stresses to ensure better crop production. Globally, different measures are being used to improve crop productivity under stress conditions. Among these measures, biochar (BC) has been widely used to improve soil health and promote crop yield under stress conditions. The application of BC improves soil organic matter, soil structure, soil aggregate stability, water and nutrient holding capacity, and the activity of both beneficial microbes and fungi, which leads to an appreciable increase in tolerance to both damaging and abiotic stresses. BC biochar protects membrane stability, improves water uptake, maintains nutrient homeostasis, and reduces reactive oxygen species production (ROS) through enhanced antioxidant activities, thereby substantially improving tolerance to both stresses. Moreover, BC-mediated improvements in soil properties also substantially improve photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll synthesis, gene expression, the activity of stress-responsive proteins, and maintain the osmolytes and hormonal balance, which in turn improve tolerance against osmotic and ionic stresses. In conclusion, BC could be a promising amendment to bring tolerance against both drought and salinity stresses. Therefore, in the present review, we have discussed various mechanisms through which BC improves drought and salt tolerance. This review will help readers to learn more about the role of biochar in causing drought and salinity stress in plants, and it will also provide new suggestions on how this current knowledge about biochar can be used to develop drought and salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Wu
- Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center for National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center for National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, China
| | - Long Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjie Zheng
- Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center for National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinliang Liu
- Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center for National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, China
| | - Yueting Zhang
- Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center for National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, China
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Lange M, Eisenhauer N, Chen H, Gleixner G. Increased soil carbon storage through plant diversity strengthens with time and extends into the subsoil. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:2627-2639. [PMID: 36799509 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Soils are important for ecosystem functioning and service provisioning. Soil communities and their functions, in turn, are strongly promoted by plant diversity, and such positive effects strengthen with time. However, plant diversity effects on soil organic matter have mostly been investigated in the topsoil, and there are only very few long-term studies. Thus, it remains unclear if plant diversity effects strengthen with time and to which depth these effects extend. Here, we repeatedly sampled soil to 1 m depth in a long-term grassland biodiversity experiment. We investigated how plant diversity impacted soil organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations and stocks and their stable isotopes 13 C and 15 N, as well as how these effects changed after 5, 10, and 14 years. We found that higher plant diversity increased carbon and nitrogen storage in the topsoil since the establishment of the experiment. Stable isotopes revealed that these increases were associated with new plant-derived inputs, resulting in less processed and less decomposed soil organic matter. In subsoils, mainly the presence of specific plant functional groups drove organic matter dynamics. For example, the presence of deep-rooting tall herbs decreased carbon concentrations, most probably through stimulating soil organic matter decomposition. Moreover, plant diversity effects on soil organic matter became stronger in topsoil over time and reached subsoil layers, while the effects of specific plant functional groups in subsoil progressively diminished over time. Our results indicate that after changing the soil system the pathways of organic matter transfer to the subsoil need time to establish. In our grassland system, organic matter storage in subsoils was driven by the redistribution of already stored soil organic matter from the topsoil to deeper soil layers, for example, via bioturbation or dissolved organic matter. Therefore, managing plant diversity may, thus, have significant implications for subsoil carbon storage and other critical ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lange
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerd Gleixner
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
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Aquino VN, Plaul FE, Sanchez AD, Villagra S, Cappelletti NE. Microplastics and hydrocarbons in soils: Quantification as an anthropic carbon source. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023; 19:698-705. [PMID: 36189835 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The literature on the presence of microplastics (MPs) and their potential impact on terrestrial ecosystems is still scarce. Interestingly, soil MPs are detected as organic carbon (SOC) using traditional quantification methods (e.g., loss on ignition [LOI]), although its dynamics in the environment will be different. The objective of this study was to quantify the carbon (C) contribution of MPs to the SOC in superficial soil samples from a coastal urban wetland (Avellaneda, Buenos Aires, Argentina) with the features of a humid subtropical forest and compare with hydrocarbon contribution. Soil samples were split for analysis of moisture content; texture (sieve and pipet method); organic matter as a LOI (8 h at 450 °C); total hydrocarbons (THCs; gravimetry of solvent extractable matter); n-alkanes (solvent extraction and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection analysis); and extraction of MPs (floatation in NaClaq , filtration, H2 O2 digestion, and visual sorting under a stereomicroscope). The superficial soil was a sandy clay loam with a large organic matter content (19%-30%). The THC averaged 2.5 ± 1.9 g kg and the marked predominance of odd-numbered carbon n-alkanes maximizing at C29 and C31 show the contribution of the terrestrial plant waxes. The average number of MPs was 587 ± 277 items kg of dry soil, predominantly fibers. Taking account of the C content, THCs and MPs add to the soil 1.23 ± 1.10 ton C ha and 0.10-0.97 ton C ha, respectively. Therefore, in this system with humid forest characteristics, the MPs represent between 0.12% and 1.25% of soil estimated carbon, in a magnitude similar to the C contribution of THCs (0.6%-4.2%). This preliminary study shows the relevance of discriminating MPs from other carbon sources and presents a description of their impact on soils to advance future research or tools for decision-makers. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:698-705. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Aquino
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ambiente y Turismo, Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda (UNDAV), Avellaneda, Argentina
| | - Florencia E Plaul
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ambiente y Turismo, Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda (UNDAV), Avellaneda, Argentina
| | - Anabel D Sanchez
- Departamento de Ambiente y Turismo, Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda (UNDAV), Avellaneda, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Villagra
- Departamento de Ambiente y Turismo, Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda (UNDAV), Avellaneda, Argentina
| | - Natalia E Cappelletti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ambiente y Turismo, Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda (UNDAV), Avellaneda, Argentina
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Chen YP, Li SK, An B, Zhu Y, Zou HL, Cui SX, Fu HY, Mao R, Zhang Y. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae and extraradical mycelium of subtropical tree species on soil nitrogen mineralization and enzyme activities. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:1235-1243. [PMID: 37236940 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202305.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Through symbiosis with plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi effectively improve the availability of soil nitrogen (N). However, the mechanism through which AM and associated extraradical mycelium affect soil N mineralization remains unknow. We carried out an in situ soil culture experiment by using in-growth cores in plantations of three subtropical tree species, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Schima superba, and Liquidambar formosana. We measured soil physical and chemical properties, net N mineralization rate, and the activities of four kinds of hydrolase (leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), β-1,4-glucosidase (βG), cellobiohydrolase (CB)) and two kinds of oxidases (polyphenol oxidase (POX) and peroxidase (PER)) involved in soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization in treatments of mycorrhiza (with absorbing roots and hyphae), hyphae (hyphae only), and control (mycorrhiza-free). The results showed that mycorrhizal treatments significantly affected soil total carbon and pH but did not affect N mineralization rates and all enzymatic activities. Tree species significantly affected net ammonification rate, net N mineralization rate and activities of NAG, βG, CB, POX and PER. The net N mineralization rate and enzyme activities in the C. lanceolata stand were significantly higher than that in monoculture broad-leaved stands of either S. superba or L. formosana. There was no interactive effect of mycorrhizal treatment and tree species on any of soil properties, nor on enzymatic activities or net N mineralization rates. Soil pH was negatively and significantly correlated with five kinds of enzymatic activities except for LAP, while net N mineralization rate significantly correlated with ammonium nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, and the activity level of βG, CB, POX, and PER. In conclusion, there was no difference in enzymatic activities and N mineralization rates between rhizosphere and hyphosphere soils of three subtropical tree species in the whole growing season. The activity of particular carbon cycle-related enzymes was closely related to soil N mineralization rate. It is suggested that differences in litter quality and root functional traits among different tree species affect soil enzyme activities and N mineralization rates through organic matter inputs and shaping soil condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Peng Chen
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shi-Kai Li
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Bo An
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Han-Lu Zou
- Guanshan Forest Farm of Yongfeng County, Yongfeng 331506, Jiangxi, China
| | - Song-Xiang Cui
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Hong-Yan Fu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Rong Mao
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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33
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AminiTabrizi R, Graf-Grachet N, Chu RK, Toyoda JG, Hoyt DW, Hamdan R, Wilson RM, Tfaily MM. Microbial sensitivity to temperature and sulfate deposition modulates greenhouse gas emissions from peat soils. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:1951-1970. [PMID: 36740729 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are among the largest natural sources of atmospheric methane (CH4 ) worldwide. Microbial processes play a key role in regulating CH4 emissions from peatland ecosystems, yet the complex interplay between soil substrates and microbial communities in controlling CH4 emissions as a function of global change remains unclear. Herein, we performed an integrated analysis of multi-omics data sets to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular processes driving changes in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in peatland ecosystems with increasing temperature and sulfate deposition in a laboratory incubation study. We sought to first investigate how increasing temperatures (4, 21, and 35°C) impact soil microbiome-metabolome interactions; then explore the competition between methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRBs) with increasing sulfate concentrations at the optimum temperature for methanogenesis. Our results revealed that peat soil organic matter degradation, mediated by biotic and potentially abiotic processes, is the main driver of the increase in CO2 production with temperature. In contrast, the decrease in CH4 production at 35°C was linked to the absence of syntrophic communities and the potential inhibitory effect of phenols on methanogens. Elevated temperatures further induced the microbial communities to develop high growth yield and stress tolerator trait-based strategies leading to a shift in their composition and function. On the other hand, SRBs were able to outcompete methanogens in the presence of non-limiting sulfate concentrations at 21°C, thereby reducing CH4 emissions. At higher sulfate concentrations, however, the prevalence of communities capable of producing sufficient low-molecular-weight carbon substrates for the coexistence of SRBs and methanogens was translated into elevated CH4 emissions. The use of omics in this study enhanced our understanding of the structure and interactions among microbes with the abiotic components of the system that can be useful for mitigating GHG emissions from peatland ecosystems in the face of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya AminiTabrizi
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Nathalia Graf-Grachet
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Rosalie K Chu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Jason G Toyoda
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - David W Hoyt
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Rasha Hamdan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rachel M Wilson
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Malak M Tfaily
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
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Zhou R, Liu Y, Dungait JAJ, Kumar A, Wang J, Tiemann LK, Zhang F, Kuzyakov Y, Tian J. Microbial necromass in cropland soils: A global meta-analysis of management effects. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:1998-2014. [PMID: 36751727 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microbial necromass is a large and persistent component of soil organic carbon (SOC), especially under croplands. The effects of cropland management on microbial necromass accumulation and its contribution to SOC have been measured in individual studies but have not yet been summarized on the global scale. We conducted a meta-analysis of 481-paired measurements from cropland soils to examine the management effects on microbial necromass and identify the optimal conditions for its accumulation. Nitrogen fertilization increased total microbial necromass C by 12%, cover crops by 14%, no or reduced tillage (NT/RT) by 20%, manure by 21%, and straw amendment by 21%. Microbial necromass accumulation was independent of biochar addition. NT/RT and straw amendment increased fungal necromass and its contribution to SOC more than bacterial necromass. Manure increased bacterial necromass higher than fungal, leading to decreased ratio of fungal-to-bacterial necromass. Greater microbial necromass increases after straw amendments were common under semi-arid and in cool climates in soils with pH <8, and were proportional to the amount of straw input. In contrast, NT/RT increased microbial necromass mainly under warm and humid climates. Manure application increased microbial necromass irrespective of soil properties and climate. Management effects were especially strong when applied during medium (3-10 years) to long (10+ years) periods to soils with larger initial SOC contents, but were absent in sandy soils. Close positive links between microbial biomass, necromass and SOC indicate the important role of stabilized microbial products for C accrual. Microbial necromass contribution to SOC increment (accumulation efficiency) under NT/RT, cover crops, manure and straw amendment ranged from 45% to 52%, which was 9%-16% larger than under N fertilization. In summary, long-term cropland management increases SOC by enhancing microbial necromass accumulation, and optimizing microbial necromass accumulation and its contribution to SOC sequestration requires site-specific management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer A J Dungait
- Carbon Management Centre, SRUC-Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lisa K Tiemann
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Kharel G, Dhakal M, Deb SK, Slaughter LC, Simpson C, West CP. Effect of Long-Term Semiarid Pasture Management on Soil Hydraulic and Thermal Properties. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1491. [PMID: 37050117 PMCID: PMC10096669 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Semiarid pasture management strategies can affect soil hydraulic and thermal properties that determine water fluxes and storage, and heat flow in unsaturated soils. We evaluated long-term (>10 years) perennial and annual semiarid pasture system effects on saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks), soil water retention curves (SWRCs), soil water thresholds (i.e., volumetric water content (θv) at saturation, field capacity (FC), and permanent wilting point (PWP); plant available water (PAW)), thermal conductivity (λ), and diffusivity (Dt) within the 0-20 cm soil depth. Forage systems included: Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa bladhii) + legumes (predominantly alfalfa (Medicago sativa)) (OWB-legume), native grass-mix (native), alfalfa + tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum) (alfalfa-TW), and annual grass-mix (annual) pastures on a clay loam soil; and native, teff (Eragrostis tef), OWB-grazed, and OWB-ungrazed pastures on a sandy clay loam soil. The perennial OWB-legume and native pastures had increased soil organic matter (SOM) and reduced bulk density (ρb), improving ks, soil water thresholds, λ, and Dt, compared to annual teff and alfalfa-TW (P < 0.05). Soil λ, but not Dt, increased with increasing θv. Grazed pastures decreased ks and water retention compared to other treatments (P < 0.05), yet did not affect λ and Dt (P > 0.05), likely due to higher ρb and contact between particles. Greater λ and Dt at saturation and PWP in perennial versus annual pastures may be attributed to differing SOM and ρb, and some a priori differences in soil texture. Overall, our results suggest that perennial pasture systems are more beneficial than annual systems for soil water storage and heat movement in semiarid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Kharel
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.D.); (C.S.); (C.P.W.)
| | - Madhav Dhakal
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.D.); (C.S.); (C.P.W.)
- Rodale Institute, 611 Siegfriedale Rd., Kutztown, PA 19530, USA
| | - Sanjit K. Deb
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.D.); (C.S.); (C.P.W.)
| | - Lindsey C. Slaughter
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.D.); (C.S.); (C.P.W.)
| | - Catherine Simpson
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.D.); (C.S.); (C.P.W.)
| | - Charles P. West
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.D.); (C.S.); (C.P.W.)
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McDaniel MD, Bird JA, Pett-Ridge J, Marin-Spiotta E, Schmidt TM, Grandy AS. Diversifying and perennializing plants in agroecosystems alters retention of new C and N from crop residues. Ecol Appl 2023; 33:e2784. [PMID: 36478617 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Managing soils to retain new plant inputs is key to moving toward a sustainable and regenerative agriculture. Management practices, like diversifying and perennializing agroecosystems, may affect the decomposer organisms that regulate how new residue is converted to persistent soil organic matter. Here we tested whether 12 years of diversifying/perennializing plants in agroecosystems through extended rotations or grassland restoration would decrease losses of new plant residue inputs and, thus, increase retention of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil. We tracked dual-labeled (13 C and 15 N), isotopically enriched wheat (Triticum aestivum) residue in situ for 2 years as it decomposed in three agroecosystems: maize-soybean (CS) rotation, maize-soybean-wheat plus red clover and cereal rye cover crops (CSW2), and spring fallow management with regeneration of natural grassland species (seven to 10 species; SF). We measured losses of wheat residue (Cwheat and Nwheat ) in leached soil solution and greenhouse gas fluxes, as well as how much was recovered in microbial biomass and bulk soil at 5-cm increments down to 20 cm. CSW2 and SF both had unique, significant effects on residue decomposition and retention dynamics that were clear only when using nuanced metrics that able to tease apart subtle differences. For example, SF retained a greater portion of Cwheat in 0-5 cm surface soils (155%, p = 0.035) and narrowed the Cwheat to Nwheat ratio (p < 0.030) compared to CS. CSW2 increased an index of carbon-retention efficiency, Cwheat retained in the mesocosm divided by total measured, from 0.18 to 0.27 (49%, p = 0.001), compared to CS. Overall, we found that diversifying and extending the duration of living plants in agroecosystems can lead to greater retention of new residue inputs in subtle ways that require further investigation to fully understand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall D McDaniel
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bird
- School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Queens College, CUNY & The CUNY Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Pett-Ridge
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
- Life & Environmental Sciences Department, University of California, Merced, California, USA
| | - Erika Marin-Spiotta
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tom M Schmidt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - A Stuart Grandy
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
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Slessarev EW, Mayer A, Kelly C, Georgiou K, Pett‐Ridge J, Nuccio EE. Initial soil organic carbon stocks govern changes in soil carbon: Reality or artifact? Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:1239-1247. [PMID: 36268673 PMCID: PMC10092500 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage have the potential to affect global climate; hence identifying environments with a high capacity to gain or lose SOC is of broad interest. Many cross-site studies have found that SOC-poor soils tend to gain or retain carbon more readily than SOC-rich soils. While this pattern may partly reflect reality, here we argue that it can also be created by a pair of statistical artifacts. First, soils that appear SOC-poor purely due to random variation will tend to yield more moderate SOC estimates upon resampling and hence will appear to accrue or retain more SOC than SOC-rich soils. This phenomenon is an example of regression to the mean. Second, normalized metrics of SOC change-such as relative rates and response ratios-will by definition show larger changes in SOC at lower initial SOC levels, even when the absolute change in SOC does not depend on initial SOC. These two artifacts create an exaggerated impression that initial SOC stocks are a major control on SOC dynamics. To address this problem, we recommend applying statistical corrections to eliminate the effect of regression to the mean, and avoiding normalized metrics when testing relationships between SOC change and initial SOC. Careful consideration of these issues in future cross-site studies will support clearer scientific inference that can better inform environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W. Slessarev
- Physical and Life Sciences DirectorateLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCaliforniaUSA
| | - Allegra Mayer
- Physical and Life Sciences DirectorateLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCaliforniaUSA
| | - Courtland Kelly
- Physical and Life Sciences DirectorateLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCaliforniaUSA
| | - Katerina Georgiou
- Physical and Life Sciences DirectorateLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jennifer Pett‐Ridge
- Physical and Life Sciences DirectorateLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCaliforniaUSA
- Life and Environmental Sciences DepartmentUniversity of California MercedMercedCaliforniaUSA
| | - Erin E. Nuccio
- Physical and Life Sciences DirectorateLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCaliforniaUSA
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Shang TH, Chen RH, Zhang JH, Wang YJ. Estimation of soil organic matter content in Yinchuan Plain based on fractional derivative combined with spectral indices. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:717-725. [PMID: 37087655 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202303.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) is a crucial indicator of soil fertility. Field hyperspectral reflectance and laboratory SOM data of soil samples from the Yinchuan Plain were used to explore the performance of models based on fractional derivative combined with different spectral indices. Following reciprocal and logarithmic transformation, the reflectance data were processed using fractional derivative from 0 to 2 orders (interval 0.20). Then, the difference index (DI), ratio index (RI), brightness index (BI), normalized difference index (NDI), renormalized difference index (RDI), and generalized difference index (GDI) were constructed. The two-dimensional correlation between the six indices and SOM content were analyzed. The optimal spectral indices were selected to establish SOM estimation models with principal component regression (PCR), partial least square regression (PLSR), back propagation neural network (BPNN), support vector machine (SVM), and geographically weighted regression (GWR). Results showed that the maximum absolute correlation coefficient (MACC) values between DI, RI, NDI, BI, GDI, RDI, and SOM contents increased firstly and then decreased, with the highest values observed at 1.0, 0.6, 1.4, and 1.6 orders. The 0.2-2.0 order RDI under fractional derivative variation could be used for subsequent model construction, in which the optimal combinations of bands for MACC values were mainly concentrated at 400-600 nm and 1300-1700 nm. Among the different models based on the single spectral index RDI, the model based on SVM achieved the highest estimation accuracy, whose modeling determination coefficient, verification determination coefficient and relative percentage difference reached 0.86, 0.87 and 2.32. Our results would provide a scientific reference for quick and accurate SOM assessment and mapping in areas with relatively low SOM content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Hao Shang
- College of Geographical Sciences and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Xi'an Meihang Remote Sensing Information Co. Ltd., Xi'an 710199, China
| | - Rui-Hua Chen
- College of Geographical Sciences and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jun-Hua Zhang
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Ningxia University/Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China / Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yi-Jing Wang
- College of Geographical Sciences and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Wang M, Xu Y, Ni H, Ren S, Li N, Wu Y, Yang Y, Liu Y, Liu Z, Liu Y, Shi J, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Tu Q. Effect of fertilization combination on cucumber quality and soil microbial community. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1122278. [PMID: 36910239 PMCID: PMC9996052 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1122278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of scientific guidance on the usage of fertilizer, the overuse of chemical and organic fertilizer is commonly witnessed all over the world, which causes soil degradation and leads to environmental pollution. The effect of fertilizer strategies on soil properties, cucumber nutrients, and microbial community was investigated in this study with the aim to explore an optimized and enhanced fertilizer strategy. There were five fertilizer strategies conducted including CK (no fertilizer), M (cow dung manure only), NPK (chemical fertilizer only), NPKM (chemical fertilizer combined with manure), and DNPKM (30%-reducing chemical fertilizer combined with manure). It was found that different fertilizer strategies significantly affected the soil organic matter and nutrient levels and cucumber production and nutrient contents of the experimental field. Different fertilizer strategies showed dramatic effects on the alpha- and beta-diversity of soil microbial communities. Moreover, NPKM and DNPKM groups could significantly improve the bacterial abundance and fungal diversity. In addition, the structure of microbial communities was significantly changed in the presence of manure, chemical fertilizer, and their combination. Optimized combination of NPK with M improved the abundance of aerobic, biofilm formation-related, and Gram-negative bacteria and suppressed the anaerobic and Gram-positive bacteria. The presence of saprotrophs fungi was enhanced by all fertilizer strategies, especially the plethora of Gymnoascus. The combination of manure with chemical fertilizer could improve the availability of nutrients, and therefore reduce the adverse effects and potential risks induced by excessive fertilizer application. In conclusion, the new fertilization approach can not only meet the growth requirements of cucumber after reduced fertilization, but also protect soil health, which provides a new candidate for the eco-friendly technology to satisfy the topic of carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Haiping Ni
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiai Ren
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ni Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuxia Wu
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yumin Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zongzheng Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Agricultural Engineering, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Chozas S, Chefaoui RM, Correia O, Santos AMC, Hortal J. Geographical shifts in the successional dynamics of inland dune shrub communities. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9828. [PMID: 36818530 PMCID: PMC9935296 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Species' environmental requirements and large-scale spatial and evolutionary processes determine the structure and composition of local communities. However, ecological interactions also have major effects on community assembly at landscape and local scales. We evaluate whether two xerophytic shrub communities occurring in SW Portugal follow constrained ecological assembly dynamics throughout large geographical extents, or their composition is rather driven by species' individualistic responses to environmental and macroecological constraints. Inland dune xerophytic shrub communities were characterized in 95 plots. Then, we described the main gradients of vegetation composition and assessed the relevance of biotic interactions. We also characterized the habitat suitability of the dominant species, Stauracanthus genistoides, and Ulex australis, to map the potential distribution of the xerophytic shrub communities. Finally, we examined the relationships between the vegetation gradients and a broad set of explanatory variables to identify the relative importance of each factor driving changes in community composition. We found that xerophytic shrubs follow uniform successional patterns throughout the whole geographical area studied, but each community responds differently to the main environmental gradients in each region. Soil organic matter is the main determinant of community variations in the northern region, Setúbal Peninsula, whereas aridity is so in the South/South-Western region. In contrast, in the central region, Comporta, the variation between S. genistoides and U. australis communities is explained mainly by aridity and temperature seasonality, followed by the individualistic responses of the dominant species and soil organic matter. Overall, these results indicate that, the relative importance of the main factors causing community-level responses varies according to regional processes and the suitability of the environmental conditions for the dominant species in these communities. These responses are also determined by intrinsic community mechanisms that result in a high degree of similarity in the gradient-driven community stages in different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Chozas
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Rosa M. Chefaoui
- Área de Biodiversidad y ConservaciónUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosMóstolesSpain
| | - Otília Correia
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Ana M. C. Santos
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG‐UAM), Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC‐UAM)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Joaquín Hortal
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal,Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN‐CSIC)MadridSpain
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Kania M, Kupka D, Gruba P. Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Detect Modification of the Cation Exchange Properties of Soils from European Beech and Silver Fir Forest Stands in Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2654. [PMID: 36768018 PMCID: PMC9923831 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated changes in the composition of the cation exchange capacity of soil samples caused by the acid leaching of soil cations under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used to evaluate the properties of forest soils. The potential influence of the species composition of stands (beech and fir) was also investigated. Eighty soil samples from the topsoil of plots located in central Poland were analyzed. Soil samples were leached 0 (non-leached), 5, 10, and 15 times and then analyzed to determine the contents of cations (Al3+, Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+), the total carbon content, and the pH. From NIR spectra obtained by scanning 54 samples and measurement results for soil sample properties, a calibration model was developed. The model was validated using 26 independent samples. The results showed that acid leaching decreased the pH of soil solutions and the carbon content. The amounts of Al3+, Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+ decreased with an increasing number of leaching treatments, but most leaching had occurred after five treatments. Data analysis showed that leaching with hydrochloric acid depleted alkaline cations and Al3+ in the soil, which reduced the stability of organic matter, causing its release. Modification of ion exchange properties is observable based on the analysis of the NIR spectra. Good calibration results were achieved for all tested parameters (R2C ≥ 0.89). The best validation results were obtained for Al3+ and C contents under fir stands, and for the pH and Al3+ content of soils under beech stands (R2V > 0.8). However, the differences between the measured and estimated mean values of the investigated soil were relatively small (no significant difference, p > 0.05). The species composition of stands (beech and fir) had no impact on the developed mathematical models. Soil assessment using NIR spectroscopy allowed calibration models to be obtained, which were successfully used to calculate soil properties at a much lower cost and in a much shorter time compared with other laboratory methods. The results of the paper affirmed that using a relatively small number of samples (3-4) to calculate an average of soil content properties provided satisfactory results.
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42
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Guo X, Mao X, Yu W, Xiao L, Wang M, Zhang S, Zheng J, Zhou H, Luo L, Chang J, Shi Z, Luo Z. A field incubation approach to evaluate the depth dependence of soil biogeochemical responses to climate change. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:909-920. [PMID: 36300560 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil biogeochemical processes may present depth-dependent responses to climate change, due to vertical environmental gradients (e.g., thermal and moisture regimes, and the quantity and quality of soil organic matter) along soil profile. However, it is a grand challenge to distinguish such depth dependence under field conditions. Here we present an innovative, cost-effective and simple approach of field incubation of intact soil cores to explore such depth dependence. The approach adopts field incubation of two sets of intact soil cores: one incubated right-side up (i.e., non-inverted), and another upside down (i.e., inverted). This inversion keeps soil intact but changes the depth of the soil layer of same depth origin. Combining reciprocal translocation experiments to generate natural climate shift, we applied this incubation approach along a 2200 m elevational mountainous transect in southeast Tibetan Plateau. We measured soil respiration (Rs) from non-inverted and inverted cores of 1 m deep, respectively, which were exchanged among and incubated at different elevations. The results indicated that Rs responds significantly (p < .05) to translocation-induced climate shifts, but this response is depth-independent. As the incubation proceeds, Rs from both non-inverted and inverted cores become more sensitive to climate shifts, indicating higher vulnerability of persistent soil organic matter (SOM) to climate change than labile components, if labile substrates are assumed to be depleted with the proceeding of incubation. These results show in situ evidence that whole-profile SOM mineralization is sensitive to climate change regardless of the depth location. Together with measurements of vertical physiochemical conditions, the inversion experiment can serve as an experimental platform to elucidate the depth dependence of the response of soil biogeochemical processes to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Guo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiali Mao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wu Yu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
| | - Liujun Xiao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyang Zheng
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangxin Zhou
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lun Luo
- South-East Tibetan Plateau Station for Integrated Observation and Research of Alpine Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nyingchi, China
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Academy of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Shi
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Academy of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongkui Luo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Academy of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Yahya M, Rasul M, Hussain SZ, Dilawar A, Ullah M, Rajput L, Afzal A, Asif M, Wubet T, Yasmin S. Integrated analysis of potential microbial consortia, soil nutritional status, and agro-climatic datasets to modulate P nutrient uptake and yield effectiveness of wheat under climate change resilience. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1074383. [PMID: 36714699 PMCID: PMC9878846 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1074383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has a devastating effect on wheat production; therefore, crop production might decline by 2030. Phosphorus (P) nutrient deficiency is another main limiting factor of reduced yield. Hence, there is a dire need to judiciously consider wheat yield, so that human requirements and nutrition balance can be sustained efficiently. Despite the great significance of biostimulants in sustainable agriculture, there is still a lack of integrated technology encompassing the successful competitiveness of inoculated phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in agricultural systems in the context of climatic conditions/meteorological factors and soil nutritional status. Therefore, the present study reveals the modulation of an integrated P nutrient management approach to develop potential PSB consortia for recommended wheat varieties by considering the respective soil health and agro-climatic conditions. The designed consortia were found to maintain adequate viability for up to 9 months, verified through field emission scanning electron microscopy and viable count. Furthermore, a significant increase in grain yield (5%-8%) and seed P (4%) content was observed in consortia-inoculated wheat plants with 20% reduced Diammonium phosphate (DAP) application under net house conditions. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of roots and amplification of the gcd gene of Ochrobactrum sp. SSR indicated the survival and rhizosphere competency of the inoculated PSB. Categorical principal component analysis (CAT-PCA) showed a positive correlation of inoculated field-grown wheat varieties in native soils to grain yield, soil P content, and precipitation for sites belonging to irrigated plains and seed P content, soil organic matter, and number of tillers for sites belonging to Northern dry mountains. However, the impact of inoculation at sites belonging to the Indus delta was found significantly correlated to soil potassium (K) content, electrical conductivity (EC), and temperature. Additionally, a significant increase in grain yield (15%) and seed P (14%) content was observed in inoculated wheat plants. Thus, the present study demonstrates for the first time the need to integrate soil biological health and agro-climatic conditions for consistent performance of augmented PSB and enhanced P nutrient uptake to curtail soil pollution caused by the extensive use of agrochemicals. This study provides innovative insights and identifies key questions for future research on PSB to promote its successful implementation in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahreen Yahya
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Maria Rasul
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayed Zajif Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali-School of Science and Engineering (SBA-SSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Adil Dilawar
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
| | - Midrar Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Lubna Rajput
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Agricultural Research Centre, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Afzal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sumera Yasmin
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Punjab, Pakistan
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Aranaz J, de Hita D, Olaetxea M, Urrutia O, Fuentes M, Baigorri R, Garnica M, Movila M, Zamarreño AM, Erro J, Baquero E, Gonzalez-Gaitano G, Alvarez JI, Garcia-Mina JM. The molecular conformation, but not disaggregation, of humic acid in water solution plays a crucial role in promoting plant development in the natural environment. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1180688. [PMID: 37206971 PMCID: PMC10190593 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1180688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown the capacity of soil humic substances (HS) to improve plant growth in natural ecosystems. This effect involves the activation of different processes within the plant at different coordinated molecular, biochemical, and physiological levels. However, the first event triggered by plant root-HS interaction remains unclear. Some studies suggest the hypothesis that the interaction of HS with root exudates involves relevant modification of the molecular conformation of humic self-assembled aggregates, including disaggregation, which might be directly involved in the activation of root responses. To investigate this hypothesis, we have prepared two humic acids. A natural humic acid (HA) and a transformed humic acid obtained from the treatment of HA with fungal laccase (HA enz). We have tested the capacity of the two humic acids to affect plant growth (cucumber and Arabidopsis) and complex Cu. Laccase-treatment did not change the molecular size but increased hydrophobicity, molecular compactness and stability, and rigidity of HA enz. Laccase-treatment avoided the ability of HA to promote shoot- and root-growth in cucumber and Arabidopsis. However, it does not modify Cu complexation features. There is no molecular disaggregation upon the interaction of HA and HA enz with plant roots. The results indicate that the interaction with plant roots induced in both HA and laccase-treated HA (HA enz), changes in their structural features that showed higher compactness and rigidity. These events might result from the interaction of HA and HA enz with specific root exudates that can promote intermolecular crosslinking. In summary, the results indicate that the weakly bond stabilized aggregated conformation (supramolecular-like) of HA plays a crucial role in its ability to promote root and shoot growth. The results also indicate the presence of two main types of HS in the rhizosphere corresponding to those non-interacting with plant roots (forming aggregated molecular assemblies) and those produced after interacting with plant root exudates (forming stable macromolecules).
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aranaz
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environment BIOMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - David de Hita
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environment BIOMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Olaetxea
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environment BIOMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Oscar Urrutia
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environment BIOMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Fuentes
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environment BIOMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Roberto Baigorri
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environment BIOMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Garnica
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environment BIOMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Movila
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environment BIOMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Angel M. Zamarreño
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environment BIOMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Erro
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environment BIOMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Baquero
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environment BIOMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Jose Ignacio Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose M. Garcia-Mina
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environment BIOMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jose M. Garcia-Mina,
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Zhang Q, Feng J, Li J, Huang CY, Shen Y, Cheng W, Zhu B. A distinct sensitivity to the priming effect between labile and stable soil organic carbon. New Phytol 2023; 237:88-99. [PMID: 36059142 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a mixture of various carbon (C) compounds with different stability, which can be distinctly affected by the priming effect (PE). However, little is known about how the PE changes with SOC stability. We address this issue by combining results from two experiments and a metaanalysis. We found that the PE increased with the prolongation of soil preincubation, suggesting that higher PE occurred for more stable SOC than for labile SOC. This was further supported by the metaanalysis of 42 observations. There were significant negative relationships between the difference in PE (ΔPE) between labile and more stable SOC and their differences in SOC, microbial biomass C and soil C : N ratio, indicating that soil C availability exerts a vital control on ΔPE. We conclude that, compared with labile SOC, stable SOC can be more vulnerable to priming once microbes are provided with exogenous C substrates. This high vulnerability of stable SOC to priming warrants more attention in future studies on SOC cycling and global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufang Zhang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiguang Feng
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization & Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
| | - Ching-Yu Huang
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Yawen Shen
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weixin Cheng
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Trasar-Cepeda C, Sánchez C, Casalderrey M, Bello D, Vielba JM, Rico S, Aldrey A, Vidal N. Effect of Soil Type and In Vitro Proliferation Conditions on Acclimation and Growth of Willow Shoots Micropropagated in Continuous Immersion Bioreactors. Plants (Basel) 2022; 12:132. [PMID: 36616261 PMCID: PMC9823317 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Salix viminalis L. is a species with high capacity for micropropagation and acclimation and could therefore be used to evaluate emergent techniques in the field of plant propagation. The aims of this study were to propagate willow in liquid medium with a continuous immersion system, to explore the application of photoautotrophic conditions and to investigate the adaptation of willow plantlets to different soils that could be used as alternatives to commercial peat. For proliferation, we used 3% sucrose or sugar-free medium, and as substrates, we used commercial peat, a soil from an oak forest with high organic matter content and a crop soil with low organic matter content. The effect of sugar supplementation during proliferation and the soil characteristics during acclimation and growth were evaluated on the basis of aerial and root growth and the hydrolytic and dehydrogenase enzymatic activities of the soils. The results indicate that under photoautotrophic conditions, the supplementation of sucrose during micropropagation did not affect the subsequent growth of the plantlets. All plants acclimated without loss, but the type of soil influenced the height and vigor. Plants produced the highest shoots in peat, whereas the most root development occurred in crop soil. Soil enzyme activities were more influenced by the type of soil than by the presence of plants.
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Ning L, Xu X, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Qiu S, Ding W, Zou G, He P. Effects of chicken manure substitution for mineral nitrogen fertilizer on crop yield and soil fertility in a reduced nitrogen input regime of North-Central China. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1050179. [PMID: 36589091 PMCID: PMC9798097 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1050179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic manure has been proposed to substitute part of the chemical fertilizers. However, past research was usually conducted in regimes with excessive nitrogen (N) fertilization, which was not conducive to the current national goal of green and sustainable development. Therefore, exploring the potential of organic fertilizer substitution for mineral N fertilizer under regimes with reduced N inputs is important to further utilize organic fertilizer resources and establish sustainable nutrient management recommendations in the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) - summer maize (Zea mays L.) rotation system in North-central China. In this study, a 4-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different chicken manure substitution ratios on crop yield, N recovery efficiency (REN), soil N and soil organic matter contents, to clarify the optimal organic substitution ratio of N fertilizer under reduced N application (from 540 kg N ha-1 year-1 to 400 kg N ha-1 year-1). Six substitution ratios were assessed: 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% under 200 kg N ha-1 per crop season, respectively, plus a control with no N application from chemical fertilizer or chicken manure. Results showed that the highest yield was achieved under the 20% substitution ratio treatment, with 1.1% and 2.3% higher yield than chemical N alone in wheat season and maize seasons, respectively. At the chicken manure substitution ratios of 20% in wheat season and 20%-40% in maize season, the highest REN reached to 31.2% and 26.1%, respectively. Chicken manure application reduced soil residual inorganic N with increasing substitution ratio. All organic substitution treatments increased soil organic matter and total N content. Implementing 20% organic substitution in wheat season and 20%-40% in maize season under the reduced N application regime in the North-central China is therefore recommended in order to achieve high crop yields and REN, improve soil fertility and enhance livestock manure resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyirui Ning
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinpeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yitao Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shicheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojun Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wencheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyuan Zou
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Šerá J, Huynh F, Ly F, Vinter Š, Kadlečková M, Krátká V, Máčalová D, Koutný M, Wallis C. Biodegradable Polyesters and Low Molecular Weight Polyethylene in Soil: Interrelations of Material Properties, Soil Organic Matter Substances, and Microbial Community. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36555615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional and also biodegradable polymer microplastics have started to be broadly present in the environment, if they end up in soil, they may influence both abiotic and biotic soil properties. In this study, the interactions of polyethylene wax together with three biodegradable polyesters PLA, PHB and PBAT with a soil matrix were investigated over a 1-year incubation period. Soil organic matter content was measured using UV-VIS, the microbial biomass amount was measured using qPCR, the mineralisation of polymers was measured using UGA 3000, the surface of polymers was observed with SEM, live/dead microorganisms were determined by fluorescent microscopy and microbial consortia diversity was analyzed using NGS. The amount of humic substances was generally higher in incubations with slowly degrading polyesters, but the effect was temporary. The microbial biomass grew during the incubations; the addition of PHB enhanced fungal biomass whereas PE wax enhanced bacterial biomass. Fungal microbial consortia diversity was altered in incubations with PHB and PBAT. Interestingly, these two polyesters were also covered in biofilm, probably fungal. No such trend was observed in a metagenomic analysis of bacteria, although, bacterial biofilm was probably formed on the PE520 surface. Different methods confirmed the effect of certain polymers on the soil environment.
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49
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Takeshita V, Munhoz-Garcia GV, Werk Pinácio C, Cardoso BC, Nalin D, Tornisielo VL, Fraceto LF. Availability of Metribuzin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles in Different Soil Systems: An Important Study on the Development of Safe Nanoherbicides. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3366. [PMID: 36501405 PMCID: PMC9737720 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoformulations have been used to improve the delivery of fertilizers, pesticides, and growth regulators, with a focus on more sustainable agriculture. Nanoherbicide research has focused on efficiency gains through targeted delivery and environmental risk reduction. However, research on the behavior and safety of the application of these formulations in cropping systems is still limited. Organic matter contained in cropping systems can change the dynamics of herbicide−soil interactions in the presence of nanoformulations. The aim of this study was to use classical protocols from regulatory studies to understand the retention and mobility dynamics of a metribuzin nanoformulation, compared to a conventional formulation. We used different soil systems and soil with added fresh organic material. The batch method was used for sorption−desorption studies and soil thin layer chromatography for mobility studies, both by radiometric techniques. Sorption parameters for both formulations showed that retention is a reversible process in all soil systems (H~1.0). In deep soil with added fresh organic material, nanoformulation was more sorbed (14.61 ± 1.41%) than commercial formulation (9.72 ± 1.81%) (p < 0.05). However, even with the presence of straw as a physical barrier, metribuzin in nano and conventional formulations was mobile in the soil, indicating that the straw can act as a barrier to reduce herbicide mobility but is not impeditive to herbicide availability in the soil. Our results suggest that environmental safety depends on organic material maintenance in the soil system. The availability can be essential for weed control, associated with nanoformulation efficiency, in relation to the conventional formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Takeshita
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário 303, Piracicaba 13400-970, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Werk Pinácio
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário 303, Piracicaba 13400-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Brian Cintra Cardoso
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário 303, Piracicaba 13400-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Nalin
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário 303, Piracicaba 13400-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário 303, Piracicaba 13400-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Três de Março 511, Sorocaba 18087-180, SP, Brazil
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50
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Huo YH, Wang ME, Jiang R, Chen WP. [Characteristics and influencing factors of microbial function in soils around a typical mining smelter]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2022; 33:3403-3409. [PMID: 36601847 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202212.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms were sensitive to heavy metal pollution, whose ecological effect on soil microbial community was impacted by the interaction of contaminated stresses and environmental factors. To explore the dominant factors governing those effects in heavy metal contaminated soil, field investigation was conducted for soil from different land use types in an area surrounding a typical mining smelter in Hunan Province. Soil microbial function parameters including microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR), substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and nitrification potential (PNR) were used as measure endpoints for ecological effect to reflect soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. The results showed that the effect of land use on MBC, BR, and SIR was insignificant. The dominant impacting factors on microbial functions included CaCl2 extracted Pb (CaCl2-Pb) and soil organic matter (SOM) content. Results of multiple regression analysis showed that soil CaCl2-Pb and SOM together explained 39.8%-58.3% of the total variations of BR, SIR and PNR in soil, when CaCl2-Pb and SOM ranged in 0.004-13.14 mg·kg-1 and 0.24%-4.34%, respectively. Significantly quantitative exposure-effect equations were developed between the responses of soil BR, SIR and PNR and soil CaCl2-Pb and SOM when soil samples with medium contents (namely, SOM 1.70%~2.36% and CaCl2-Pb 0.004-12.98 mg·kg-1), which meant they could be used to quantitatively assess the ecological effect of heavy metals on microbial community function as measure endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei-E Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wei-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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