1
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Hassani A, Smith P, Shokri N. Negative correlation between soil salinity and soil organic carbon variability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317332121. [PMID: 38669180 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317332121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is vital for terrestrial ecosystems, affecting biogeochemical processes, and soil health. It is known that soil salinity impacts SOC content, yet the specific direction and magnitude of SOC variability in relation to soil salinity remain poorly understood. Analyzing 43,459 mineral soil samples (SOC < 150 g kg-1) collected across different land covers since 1992, we approximate a soil salinity increase from 1 to 5 dS m-1 in croplands would be associated with a decline in mineral soils SOC from 0.14 g kg-1 above the mean predicted SOC ([Formula: see text] = 18.47 g kg-1) to 0.46 g kg-1 below [Formula: see text] (~-430%), while for noncroplands, such decline is sharper, from 0.96 above [Formula: see text] = 35.96 g kg-1 to 4.99 below [Formula: see text] (~-620%). Although salinity's significance in explaining SOC variability is minor (<6%), we estimate a one SD increase in salinity of topsoil samples (0 to 7 cm) correlates with respective [Formula: see text] declines of ~4.4% and ~9.26%, relative to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text] decline in croplands is greatest in vegetation/cropland mosaics while lands covered with evergreen needle-leaved trees are estimated with the highest [Formula: see text] decline in noncroplands. We identify soil nitrogen, land cover, and precipitation Seasonality Index as the most significant parameters in explaining the SOC's variability. The findings provide insights into SOC dynamics under increased soil salinity, improving understanding of SOC stock responses to land degradation and climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, United Kingdom
| | - Nima Shokri
- Institute of Geo-Hydroinformatics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Ramme L, Ilyina T, Marotzke J. Moderate greenhouse climate and rapid carbonate formation after Marinoan snowball Earth. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3571. [PMID: 38670992 PMCID: PMC11053170 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
When the Marinoan snowball Earth deglaciated in response to high atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, the planet warmed rapidly. It is commonly hypothesized that the ensuing supergreenhouse climate then declined slowly over hundreds of thousands of years through continental weathering. However, how the ocean affected atmospheric CO2 in the snowball Earth aftermath has never been quantified. Here we show that the ocean's carbon cycle drives the supergreenhouse climate evolution via a set of different mechanisms, triggering scenarios ranging from a rapid decline to an intensification of the supergreenhouse climate. We further identify the rapid formation of carbonate sediments from pre-existing ocean alkalinity as a possible explanation for the enigmatic origin of Marinoan cap dolostones. This work demonstrates that a moderate and relatively short-lived supergreenhouse climate following the Marinoan snowball Earth is a plausible scenario that is in accordance with geological data, challenging the previous hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Ramme
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tatiana Ilyina
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Jochem Marotzke
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Pearson AR, Fox BRS, Hellstrom JC, Vandergoes MJ, Breitenbach SFM, Drysdale RN, Höpker SN, Wood CT, Schiller M, Hartland A. Warming drives dissolved organic carbon export from pristine alpine soils. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3522. [PMID: 38664386 PMCID: PMC11045798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, the influence of climate on the export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from soil remains poorly constrained, adding uncertainty to global carbon models. The limited temporal range of contemporary monitoring data, ongoing climate reorganisation and confounding anthropogenic activities muddy the waters further. Here, we reconstruct DOC leaching over the last ~14,000 years using alpine environmental archives (two speleothems and one lake sediment core) across 4° of latitude from Te Waipounamu/South Island of Aotearoa New Zealand. We selected broadly comparable palaeoenvironmental archives in mountainous catchments, free of anthropogenically-induced landscape changes prior to ~1200 C.E. We show that warmer temperatures resulted in increased allochthonous DOC export through the Holocene, most notably during the Holocene Climatic Optimum (HCO), which was some 1.5-2.5 °C warmer than the late pre-industrial period-then decreased during the cooler mid-Holocene. We propose that temperature exerted the key control on the observed doubling to tripling of soil DOC export during the HCO, presumably via temperature-mediated changes in vegetative soil C inputs and microbial degradation rates. Future warming may accelerate DOC export from mountainous catchments, with implications for the global carbon cycle and water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Pearson
- Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Kirikiriroa Hamilton, Waikato, Aotearoa, New Zealand.
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Ōtautahi Christchurch, Aotearoa, New Zealand.
| | - Bethany R S Fox
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - John C Hellstrom
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Russell N Drysdale
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sebastian N Höpker
- Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Kirikiriroa Hamilton, Waikato, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Christopher T Wood
- Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Kirikiriroa Hamilton, Waikato, Aotearoa, New Zealand
- GNS Science, Te Awa Kairangi ki Tai Lower Hutt, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Martin Schiller
- Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Hartland
- Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Kirikiriroa Hamilton, Waikato, Aotearoa, New Zealand.
- Lincoln Agritech Ltd, Ruakura, Kirikiriroa Hamilton, Waikato, Aotearoa, New Zealand.
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4
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Xu S, Li SL, Bufe A, Klaus M, Zhong J, Wen H, Chen S, Li L. Escalating Carbon Export from High-Elevation Rivers in a Warming Climate. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:7032-7044. [PMID: 38602351 PMCID: PMC11044599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
High-elevation mountains have experienced disproportionately rapid warming, yet the effect of warming on the lateral export of terrestrial carbon to rivers remains poorly explored and understood in these regions. Here, we present a long-term data set of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and a more detailed, short-term data set of DIC, δ13CDIC, and organic carbon from two major rivers of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the Jinsha River (JSR) and the Yalong River (YLR). In the higher-elevation JSR with ∼51% continuous permafrost coverage, warming (>3 °C) and increasing precipitation coincided with substantially increased DIC concentrations by 35% and fluxes by 110%. In the lower-elevation YLR with ∼14% continuous permafrost, such increases did not occur despite a comparable extent of warming. Riverine concentrations of dissolved and particulate organic carbon increased with discharge (mobilization) in both rivers. In the JSR, DIC concentrations transitioned from dilution (decreasing concentration with discharge) in earlier, colder years to chemostasis (relatively constant concentration) in later, warmer years. This changing pattern, together with lighter δ13CDIC under high discharge, suggests that permafrost thawing boosts DIC production and export via enhancing soil respiration and weathering. These findings reveal the predominant role of warming in altering carbon lateral export by escalating concentrations and fluxes and modifying export patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Xu
- Institute
of Surface-Earth System Sciences, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Si-Liang Li
- Institute
of Surface-Earth System Sciences, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Aaron Bufe
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Munich 80333, Germany
| | - Marcus Klaus
- Department
of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 90736, Sweden
| | - Jun Zhong
- Institute
of Surface-Earth System Sciences, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hang Wen
- Institute
of Surface-Earth System Sciences, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department
of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Li Li
- Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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5
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Dossa GGO, Adhikari S, Cao KF, Chen YJ, Codjia JEI, Corlett RT, Dong J, Fan ZX, Khatri P, Kiki M, Li HL, Ling TC, Liu G, Majcher BM, Nisar N, Njoroge DM, Ofosu-Bamfo B, Pearce S, Roeder M, Schaefer DA, Schnitzer SA, Smith-Martin CM, Thu WP, Tomlinson KW, Xu SY, Zakari S, Zhang JL, Zhang YB, Zotz G, Zuo J, Cornelissen JHC. Lianas from lives to afterlives: 1st International workshop on liana forest ecology, Xishuangbanna, China, 12-16 October 2023. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38622774 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gbadamassi G O Dossa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Shambhu Adhikari
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Jean Evans Israel Codjia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants-Soil Fungi Interactions, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, BP 123, Benin
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Jinlong Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ze-Xin Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Pratibha Khatri
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Southeast Asia Biodiversity Conservation & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Mathieu Kiki
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Hong-Lin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Science, Puer University, Puer, Yunnan, 665000, China
| | - Tial C Ling
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Guangyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Environmental education department, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | | | - Nehrish Nisar
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Denis M Njoroge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bismark Ofosu-Bamfo
- Department of Biological Science, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, P.O. Box 214, Ghana
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Steven Pearce
- The Tree Projects Lead Tree Climber, Big Tree State Pty. Ltd., Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Mareike Roeder
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Josefstr.1, Rastatt, D-76437, Germany
| | - Douglas A Schaefer
- Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Stefan A Schnitzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, P.O. Box 1881, WI, USA
| | - Chris M Smith-Martin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Wai Phyo Thu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Kyle W Tomlinson
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Shui-Yuan Xu
- College of Biological and Chemical Science, Puer University, Puer, Yunnan, 665000, China
| | - Sissou Zakari
- Laboratory of Hydraulics and Environmental Modeling (HydroModE-Lab), Faculté d'Agronomie, Université de Parakou, 03 BP 351, Parakou, Benin
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Yun-Bing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Gerhard Zotz
- Functional Ecology of Plants, Carl von Ossietzky University, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama City, Panama
| | - Juan Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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6
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Joshi AP, Ghoshal PK, Chakraborty K, Sarma VVSS. Sea-surface pCO 2 maps for the Bay of Bengal based on advanced machine learning algorithms. Sci Data 2024; 11:384. [PMID: 38615101 PMCID: PMC11016078 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Lack of sufficient observations has been an impediment for understanding the spatial and temporal variability of sea-surface pCO2 for the Bay of Bengal (BoB). The limited number of observations into existing machine learning (ML) products from BoB often results in high prediction errors. This study develops climatological sea-surface pCO2 maps using a significant number of open and coastal ocean observations of pCO2 and associated variables regulating pCO2 variability in BoB. We employ four advanced ML algorithms to predict pCO2. We use the best ML model to produce a high-resolution climatological product (INCOIS-ReML). The comparison of INCOIS-ReML pCO2 with RAMA buoy-based sea-surface pCO2 observations indicates INCOIS-ReML's satisfactory performance. Further, the comparison of INCOIS-ReML pCO2 with existing ML products establishes the superiority of INCOIS-ReML. The high-resolution INCOIS-ReML greatly captures the spatial variability of pCO2 and associated air-sea CO2 flux compared to other ML products in the coastal BoB and the northern BoB.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Joshi
- Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Prasanna Kanti Ghoshal
- Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Hyderabad, India
- Faculty of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, India
| | - Kunal Chakraborty
- Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Hyderabad, India.
| | - V V S S Sarma
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Visakhapatnam, India
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7
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Ringham M, Wang ZA, Sonnichsen F, Lerner S, McDonald G, Pfeifer J. Development of the Channelized Optical System II for In Situ, High-Frequency Measurements of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Seawater. ACS ES T Water 2024; 4:1775-1785. [PMID: 38633365 PMCID: PMC11019540 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.3c00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
This study describes the development of the CHANnelized Optical System II (CHANOS II), an autonomous, in situ sensor capable of measuring seawater dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) at high frequency (up to ∼1 Hz). In this sensor, CO2 from acidified seawater is dynamically equilibrated with a pH-sensitive indicator dye encapsulated in gas-permeable Teflon AF 2400 tubing. The pH in the CO2 equilibrated indicator is measured spectrophotometrically and can be quantitatively correlated to the sample DIC. Ground-truthed field data demonstrate the sensor's capabilities in both time-series measurements and surface mapping in two coastal sites across tidal cycles. CHANOS II achieved an accuracy and precision of ±5.9 and ±5.5 μmol kg-1. The mean difference between traditional bottle and sensor measurements was -3.7 ± 10.0 (1σ) μmol kg-1. The sensor can perform calibration in situ using Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) to ensure measurement quality. The coastal time-series measurements highlight high-frequency variability and episodic biogeochemical shifts that are difficult to capture by traditional methods. Surface DIC mapping shows multiple endmembers in an estuary and highlights fine-scale spatial variabilities of DIC. The development of CHANOS II demonstrates a significant technological advance in seawater CO2 system sensing, which enables high-resolution, subsurface time-series, and profiling deployments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhaohui Aleck Wang
- Department of Marine Chemistry
& Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, McLean 216, MS # 8, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods
Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Frederick Sonnichsen
- Department of Marine Chemistry
& Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, McLean 216, MS # 8, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods
Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Steven Lerner
- Department of Marine Chemistry
& Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, McLean 216, MS # 8, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods
Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Glenn McDonald
- Department of Marine Chemistry
& Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, McLean 216, MS # 8, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods
Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Jonathan Pfeifer
- Department of Marine Chemistry
& Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, McLean 216, MS # 8, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods
Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
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8
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Yu Z, Liu S, Li H, Liang J, Liu W, Piao S, Tian H, Zhou G, Lu C, You W, Sun P, Dong Y, Sitch S, Agathokleous E. Maximizing carbon sequestration potential in Chinese forests through optimal management. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3154. [PMID: 38605043 PMCID: PMC11009231 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Forest carbon sequestration capacity in China remains uncertain due to underrepresented tree demographic dynamics and overlooked of harvest impacts. In this study, we employ a process-based biogeochemical model to make projections by using national forest inventories, covering approximately 415,000 permanent plots, revealing an expansion in biomass carbon stock by 13.6 ± 1.5 Pg C from 2020 to 2100, with additional sink through augmentation of wood product pool (0.6-2.0 Pg C) and spatiotemporal optimization of forest management (2.3 ± 0.03 Pg C). We find that statistical model might cause large bias in long-term projection due to underrepresentation or neglect of wood harvest and forest demographic changes. Remarkably, disregarding the repercussions of harvesting on forest age can result in a premature shift in the timing of the carbon sink peak by 1-3 decades. Our findings emphasize the pressing necessity for the swift implementation of optimal forest management strategies for carbon sequestration enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China.
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China.
| | - Haikui Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Management and Growth Modelling, China's National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Forest Advanced Computing and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (FACAI), Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Guoyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Chaoqun Lu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Weibin You
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Pengsen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Dong
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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9
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Bach LT, Tamsitt V, Gower J, Hurd CL, Raven JA, Visch W, Boyd PW. Reply to: Rectifying misinformation on the climate intervention potential of ocean afforestation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3011. [PMID: 38594242 PMCID: PMC11004015 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lennart T Bach
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| | - Veronica Tamsitt
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St Petersberg, FL, USA
| | - Jim Gower
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, North Saanich, BC, Canada
| | - Catriona L Hurd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - John A Raven
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Dundee, UK
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Wouter Visch
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Philip W Boyd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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10
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Abs E, Chase AB, Manzoni S, Ciais P, Allison SD. Microbial evolution-An under-appreciated driver of soil carbon cycling. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17268. [PMID: 38562029 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Although substantial advances in predicting the ecological impacts of global change have been made, predictions of the evolutionary impacts have lagged behind. In soil ecosystems, microbes act as the primary energetic drivers of carbon cycling; however, microbes are also capable of evolving on timescales comparable to rates of global change. Given the importance of soil ecosystems in global carbon cycling, we assess the potential impact of microbial evolution on carbon-climate feedbacks in this system. We begin by reviewing the current state of knowledge concerning microbial evolution in response to global change and its specific effect on soil carbon dynamics. Through this integration, we synthesize a roadmap detailing how to integrate microbial evolution into ecosystem biogeochemical models. Specifically, we highlight the importance of microscale mechanistic soil carbon models, including choosing an appropriate evolutionary model (e.g., adaptive dynamics, quantitative genetics), validating model predictions with 'omics' and experimental data, scaling microbial adaptations to ecosystem level processes, and validating with ecosystem-scale measurements. The proposed steps will require significant investment of scientific resources and might require 10-20 years to be fully implemented. However, through the application of multi-scale integrated approaches, we will advance the integration of microbial evolution into predictive understanding of ecosystems, providing clarity on its role and impact within the broader context of environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Abs
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Laboratoire Des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alexander B Chase
- Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire Des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Steven D Allison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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11
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Li S, Harir M, Bastviken D, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Gonsior M, Enrich-Prast A, Valle J, Hertkorn N. Dearomatization drives complexity generation in freshwater organic matter. Nature 2024; 628:776-781. [PMID: 38658683 PMCID: PMC11043043 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the most complex, dynamic and abundant sources of organic carbon, but its chemical reactivity remains uncertain1-3. Greater insights into DOM structural features could facilitate understanding its synthesis, turnover and processing in the global carbon cycle4,5. Here we use complementary multiplicity-edited 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra to quantify key substructures assembling the carbon skeletons of DOM from four main Amazon rivers and two mid-size Swedish boreal lakes. We find that one type of reaction mechanism, oxidative dearomatization (ODA), widely used in organic synthetic chemistry to create natural product scaffolds6-10, is probably a key driver for generating structural diversity during processing of DOM that are rich in suitable polyphenolic precursor molecules. Our data suggest a high abundance of tetrahedral quaternary carbons bound to one oxygen and three carbon atoms (OCqC3 units). These units are rare in common biomolecules but could be readily produced by ODA of lignin-derived and tannin-derived polyphenols. Tautomerization of (poly)phenols by ODA creates non-planar cyclohexadienones, which are subject to immediate and parallel cycloadditions. This combination leads to a proliferation of structural diversity of DOM compounds from early stages of DOM processing, with an increase in oxygenated aliphatic structures. Overall, we propose that ODA is a key reaction mechanism for complexity acceleration in the processing of DOM molecules, creation of new oxygenated aliphatic molecules and that it could be prevalent in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mourad Harir
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - David Bastviken
- Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Michael Gonsior
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD, USA
| | - Alex Enrich-Prast
- Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Institute of Marine Science, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Juliana Valle
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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12
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Berner LT, Orndahl KM, Rose M, Tamstorf M, Arndal MF, Alexander HD, Humphreys ER, Loranty MM, Ludwig SM, Nyman J, Juutinen S, Aurela M, Happonen K, Mikola J, Mack MC, Vankoughnett MR, Iversen CM, Salmon VG, Yang D, Kumar J, Grogan P, Danby RK, Scott NA, Olofsson J, Siewert MB, Deschamps L, Lévesque E, Maire V, Morneault A, Gauthier G, Gignac C, Boudreau S, Gaspard A, Kholodov A, Bret-Harte MS, Greaves HE, Walker D, Gregory FM, Michelsen A, Kumpula T, Villoslada M, Ylänne H, Luoto M, Virtanen T, Forbes BC, Hölzel N, Epstein H, Heim RJ, Bunn A, Holmes RM, Hung JKY, Natali SM, Virkkala AM, Goetz SJ. The Arctic Plant Aboveground Biomass Synthesis Dataset. Sci Data 2024; 11:305. [PMID: 38509110 PMCID: PMC10954756 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant biomass is a fundamental ecosystem attribute that is sensitive to rapid climatic changes occurring in the Arctic. Nevertheless, measuring plant biomass in the Arctic is logistically challenging and resource intensive. Lack of accessible field data hinders efforts to understand the amount, composition, distribution, and changes in plant biomass in these northern ecosystems. Here, we present The Arctic plant aboveground biomass synthesis dataset, which includes field measurements of lichen, bryophyte, herb, shrub, and/or tree aboveground biomass (g m-2) on 2,327 sample plots from 636 field sites in seven countries. We created the synthesis dataset by assembling and harmonizing 32 individual datasets. Aboveground biomass was primarily quantified by harvesting sample plots during mid- to late-summer, though tree and often tall shrub biomass were quantified using surveys and allometric models. Each biomass measurement is associated with metadata including sample date, location, method, data source, and other information. This unique dataset can be leveraged to monitor, map, and model plant biomass across the rapidly warming Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan T Berner
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA.
| | - Kathleen M Orndahl
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
| | - Melissa Rose
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
| | - Mikkel Tamstorf
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie F Arndal
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Heather D Alexander
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
| | - Elyn R Humphreys
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Sarah M Ludwig
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Palisades, USA
| | - Johanna Nyman
- Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Sari Juutinen
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Aurela
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Juha Mikola
- Bioeconomy and Environment Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michelle C Mack
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
| | | | - Colleen M Iversen
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA
| | - Verity G Salmon
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA
- Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA
| | - Dedi Yang
- Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA
| | - Paul Grogan
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Ryan K Danby
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Neal A Scott
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Johan Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matthias B Siewert
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lucas Deschamps
- Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Esther Lévesque
- Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Vincent Maire
- Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Amélie Morneault
- Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Gilles Gauthier
- Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biology, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles Gignac
- Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Plant Science, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Anna Gaspard
- Department of Biology, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Heather E Greaves
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USA
| | - Donald Walker
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USA
| | - Fiona M Gregory
- Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Timo Kumpula
- Department of Geographical and Historical Studies, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Miguel Villoslada
- Department of Geographical and Historical Studies, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Institute of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Henni Ylänne
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Miska Luoto
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarmo Virtanen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bruce C Forbes
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Howard Epstein
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Ramona J Heim
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Bunn
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Washington University, Bellingham, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Scott J Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
- Bioeconomy and Environment Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Wei D, Tao J, Wang Z, Zhao H, Zhao W, Wang X. Elevation-dependent pattern of net CO 2 uptake across China. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2489. [PMID: 38509103 PMCID: PMC10954722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The elevation gradient has long been known to be vital in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, but little is known about the elevation-dependent pattern of net CO2 uptake, denoted by net ecosystem productivity (NEP). Here, by analyzing data from 203 eddy covariance sites across China, we report a negative linear elevation-dependent pattern of NEP, collectively shaped by varying hydrothermal factors, nutrient supply, and ecosystem types. Furthermore, the NEP shows a higher temperature sensitivity in high-elevation environments (3000-5000 m) compared with the lower-elevation environments (<3000 m). Model ensemble and satellite-based observations consistently reveal more rapid relative changes in NEP in high-elevation environments during the last four decades. Machine learning also predicts a stronger relative increase in high-elevation environments, whereas less change is expected at lower elevations. We therefore conclude a varying elevation-dependent pattern of the NEP of terrestrial ecosystems in China, although there is significant uncertainty involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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14
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Lin G, Gao D, Yang P, Liu S, Sun D, Lin X. Editorial: Linking microbial-driven key processes with carbon and nitrogen cycling in estuarine, coastal, and the nearshore areas. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1382148. [PMID: 38562475 PMCID: PMC10982486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1382148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Genmei Lin
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Dengzhou Gao
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuting Liu
- Department of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, Kean University, Union, NJ, United States
| | - Dongyao Sun
- School of Geography Science and Geomatics Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Xianbiao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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15
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Dong W, Mitchard ETA, Santoro M, Chen M, Wheeler CE. A new circa 2007 biomass map for China differs significantly from existing maps. Sci Data 2024; 11:287. [PMID: 38467652 PMCID: PMC10928215 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The forest area of China is the fifth largest of any country, and unlike in many other countries, in recent decades its area has been increasing. However, there are substantial differences in estimates of the amount of carbon this forest contains, ranging from 3.92 to 17.02 Pg C for circa 2007. This makes it unclear how the changes in China's forest area contribute to the global carbon cycle. We generate a circa 2007 aboveground biomass (AGB) map at a resolution of 50 m using optical, radar and LiDAR satellite data. Our estimates of total carbon stored in the forest in China was 9.52 Pg C, with an average forest AGB of 104 Mg ha-1. Compared with three existing AGB maps, our AGB map showed better correlation with a distributed set of forest inventory plots. In addition, our high resolution AGB map provided more details on spatial distribution of forest AGB, and is likely to help understand the carbon storage changes in China's forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Dong
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK.
| | | | | | - Man Chen
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK.
| | - Charlotte E Wheeler
- Department of Plant Sciences and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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16
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Losos D, Hoffman S, Stoy PC. GOES-R land surface products at Western Hemisphere eddy covariance tower locations. Sci Data 2024; 11:277. [PMID: 38453973 PMCID: PMC10920807 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The terrestrial carbon cycle varies dynamically on hourly to weekly scales, making it difficult to observe. Geostationary ("weather") satellites like the Geostationary Environmental Operational Satellite - R Series (GOES-R) deliver near-hemispheric imagery at a ten-minute cadence. The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) aboard GOES-R measures visible and near-infrared spectral bands that can be used to estimate land surface properties and carbon dioxide flux. However, GOES-R data are designed for real-time dissemination and are difficult to link with eddy covariance time series of land-atmosphere carbon dioxide exchange. We compiled three-year time series of GOES-R land surface attributes including visible and near-infrared reflectances, land surface temperature (LST), and downwelling shortwave radiation (DSR) at 314 ABI fixed grid pixels containing eddy covariance towers. We demonstrate how to best combine satellite and in-situ datasets and show how ABI attributes useful for ecosystem monitoring vary across space and time. By connecting observation networks that infer rapid changes to the carbon cycle, we can gain a richer understanding of the processes that control it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Losos
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Sophie Hoffman
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul C Stoy
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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17
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Avitabile V, Pilli R, Migliavacca M, Duveiller G, Camia A, Blujdea V, Adolt R, Alberdi I, Barreiro S, Bender S, Borota D, Bosela M, Bouriaud O, Breidenbach J, Cañellas I, Čavlović J, Colin A, Di Cosmo L, Donis J, Fischer C, Freudenschuss A, Fridman J, Gasparini P, Gschwantner T, Hernández L, Korhonen K, Kulbokas G, Kvist V, Latte N, Lazdins A, Lejeune P, Makovskis K, Marin G, Maslo J, Michorczyk A, Mionskowski M, Morneau F, Myszkowski M, Nagy K, Nilsson M, Nord-Larsen T, Pantic D, Perin J, Redmond J, Rizzo M, Šebeň V, Skudnik M, Snorrason A, Sroga R, Stoyanov T, Svensson A, Talarczyk A, Teeuwen S, Thürig E, Uva J, Mubareka S. Harmonised statistics and maps of forest biomass and increment in Europe. Sci Data 2024; 11:274. [PMID: 38448454 PMCID: PMC10917757 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Forest biomass is an essential resource in relation to the green transition and its assessment is key for the sustainable management of forest resources. Here, we present a forest biomass dataset for Europe based on the best available inventory and satellite data, with a higher level of harmonisation and spatial resolution than other existing data. This database provides statistics and maps of the forest area, biomass stock and their share available for wood supply in the year 2020, and statistics on gross and net volume increment in 2010-2020, for 38 European countries. The statistics of most countries are available at a sub-national scale and are derived from National Forest Inventory data, harmonised using common reference definitions and estimation methodology, and updated to a common year using a modelling approach. For those counties without harmonised statistics, data were derived from the State of Europe's Forest 2020 Report at the national scale. The maps are coherent with the statistics and depict the spatial distribution of the forest variables at 100 m resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Pilli
- Consultant to the European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Camia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Viorel Blujdea
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Radim Adolt
- Forest Management Institute, Brandýs nad Labem-Stará Boleslav, Czech Republic
| | - Iciar Alberdi
- Institute of Forest Science (INIA, CSIC), Crta. de la Coruña km 7.5, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Barreiro
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susann Bender
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Möller-Str. 1, 16225, Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Dragan Borota
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11 000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michal Bosela
- National Forest Centre, T.G. Masaryka 22, 96001, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Olivier Bouriaud
- University of Suceava, Faculty of Forestry, 13 University Street, Suceava, Romania
- IGN, ENSG, Laboratoire d'Inventaire Forestier (LIF), 14 rue Girardet, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Johannes Breidenbach
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), P.O. Box 115, NO-1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Isabel Cañellas
- Institute of Forest Science (INIA, CSIC), Crta. de la Coruña km 7.5, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jura Čavlović
- University of Zagreb - Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Forest Inventory and Management, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antoine Colin
- Département d'analyse des forêts et des haies bocagères, Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN), 1 rue des Blanches Terres, 54250, Champigneulles, France
| | - Lucio Di Cosmo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Trento, Italy
| | - Janis Donis
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", 111 Rigas str., Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
| | - Christoph Fischer
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Freudenschuss
- Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW), Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, 1131, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonas Fridman
- Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrizia Gasparini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Trento, Italy
| | - Thomas Gschwantner
- Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW), Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, 1131, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Hernández
- Institute of Forest Science (INIA, CSIC), Crta. de la Coruña km 7.5, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kari Korhonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gintaras Kulbokas
- Lithuanian State Forest Service, Pramonės av. 11A, LT-51327, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vivian Kvist
- Københavns Universitet, Institut for Geovidenskab og Naturforvaltning, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Latte
- Université de Liège, Place du 20-Août 7, B-4000, Liège, Belgique
| | - Andis Lazdins
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", 111 Rigas str., Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
| | - Philippe Lejeune
- Université de Liège, Place du 20-Août 7, B-4000, Liège, Belgique
| | - Kristaps Makovskis
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", 111 Rigas str., Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
| | - Gheorghe Marin
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry, 128, Eroilor Boulevard, Voluntari, Romania
| | - Jan Maslo
- Forest Management Institute, Brandýs nad Labem-Stará Boleslav, Czech Republic
| | - Artur Michorczyk
- Bureau For Forest Management and Geodesy, ul. Leśników 21, 05-090, Sękocin Stary, Poland
| | - Marcin Mionskowski
- Bureau For Forest Management and Geodesy, ul. Leśników 21, 05-090, Sękocin Stary, Poland
| | - François Morneau
- Département d'analyse des forêts et des haies bocagères, Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN), 1 rue des Blanches Terres, 54250, Champigneulles, France
| | - Marcin Myszkowski
- Bureau For Forest Management and Geodesy, ul. Leśników 21, 05-090, Sękocin Stary, Poland
| | - Kinga Nagy
- Hungarian National Land Centre, Forestry Department, Frankel Leó út 42-44, 1023, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mats Nilsson
- Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nord-Larsen
- Københavns Universitet, Institut for Geovidenskab og Naturforvaltning, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Damjan Pantic
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11 000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jerôme Perin
- Université de Liège, Place du 20-Août 7, B-4000, Liège, Belgique
| | - John Redmond
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Johnstown Castle Estate, Wexford, Y35 PN52, Ireland
| | - Maria Rizzo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Trento, Italy
| | - Vladimír Šebeň
- National Forest Centre, T.G. Masaryka 22, 96001, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Mitja Skudnik
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Department for Forest and Landscape Planning and Monitoring, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Radosław Sroga
- Bureau For Forest Management and Geodesy, ul. Leśników 21, 05-090, Sękocin Stary, Poland
| | - Todor Stoyanov
- Forest Research Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 132, "St. Kliment Ohridski" Blvd., 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Arvid Svensson
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), P.O. Box 115, NO-1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Andrzej Talarczyk
- Forest and Natural Resources Research Centre Foundation/Taxus IT, ul. Płomyka 56A, 02-491, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Esther Thürig
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - José Uva
- Institute for Nature Conservation and Forests, Av. da República 16, 1050-191, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sarah Mubareka
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy.
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18
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King ACF, Bauska TK, Brook EJ, Kalk M, Nehrbass-Ahles C, Wolff EW, Strawson I, Rhodes RH, Osman MB. Reconciling ice core CO 2 and land-use change following New World-Old World contact. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1735. [PMID: 38443398 PMCID: PMC10915154 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ice core records of carbon dioxide (CO2) throughout the last 2000 years provide context for the unprecedented anthropogenic rise in atmospheric CO2 and insights into global carbon cycle dynamics. Yet the atmospheric history of CO2 remains uncertain in some time intervals. Here we present measurements of CO2 and methane (CH4) in the Skytrain ice core from 1450 to 1700 CE. Results suggest a sudden decrease in CO2 around 1610 CE in one widely used record may be an artefact of a small number of anomalously low values. Our analysis supports a more gradual decrease in CO2 of 0.5 ppm per decade from 1516 to 1670 CE, with an inferred land carbon sink of 2.6 PgC per decade. This corroborates modelled scenarios of large-scale reorganisation of land use in the Americas following New World-Old World contact, whereas a rapid decrease in CO2 at 1610 CE is incompatible with even the most extreme land-use change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edward J Brook
- College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Mike Kalk
- College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Eric W Wolff
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ivo Strawson
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachael H Rhodes
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew B Osman
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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19
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Hörstmann C, Hattermann T, Thomé PC, Buttigieg PL, Morel I, Waite AM, John U. Biogeographic gradients of picoplankton diversity indicate increasing dominance of prokaryotes in warmer Arctic fjords. Commun Biol 2024; 7:256. [PMID: 38431695 PMCID: PMC10908816 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is opening the Arctic Ocean to increasing human impact and ecosystem changes. Arctic fjords, the region's most productive ecosystems, are sustained by a diverse microbial community at the base of the food web. Here we show that Arctic fjords become more prokaryotic in the picoplankton (0.2-3 µm) with increasing water temperatures. Across 21 fjords, we found that Arctic fjords had proportionally more trophically diverse (autotrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic) picoeukaryotes, while subarctic and temperate fjords had relatively more diverse prokaryotic trophic groups. Modeled oceanographic connectivity between fjords suggested that transport alone would create a smooth gradient in beta diversity largely following the North Atlantic Current and East Greenland Current. Deviations from this suggested that picoeukaryotes had some strong regional patterns in beta diversity that reduced the effect of oceanographic connectivity, while prokaryotes were mainly stopped in their dispersal if strong temperature differences between sites were present. Fjords located in high Arctic regions also generally had very low prokaryotic alpha diversity. Ultimately, warming of Arctic fjords could induce a fundamental shift from more trophic diverse eukaryotic- to prokaryotic-dominated communities, with profound implications for Arctic ecosystem dynamics including their productivity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Hörstmann
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany.
- Aix Marseille Univ, Universite de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France.
- Turing Center for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, 13009, Marseille, France.
| | - Tore Hattermann
- Norwegian Polar Institute, iC3: Centre for Ice, Cryosphere, Carbon and Climate, Framsenteret, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, 9296, Tromsø, Norway
- Complex Systems Group, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The Arctic University - University of Tromsø, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pauline C Thomé
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pier Luigi Buttigieg
- Helmholtz Metadata Collaboration, GEOMAR, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - Isidora Morel
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anya M Waite
- Ocean Frontier Institute, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Uwe John
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
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20
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Gurung K, Field KJ, Batterman SA, Poulton SW, Mills BJW. Geographic range of plants drives long-term climate change. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1805. [PMID: 38418475 PMCID: PMC10901853 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Long computation times in vegetation and climate models hamper our ability to evaluate the potentially powerful role of plants on weathering and carbon sequestration over the Phanerozoic Eon. Simulated vegetation over deep time is often homogenous, and disregards the spatial distribution of plants and the impact of local climatic variables on plant function. Here we couple a fast vegetation model (FLORA) to a spatially-resolved long-term climate-biogeochemical model (SCION), to assess links between plant geographical range, the long-term carbon cycle and climate. Model results show lower rates of carbon fixation and up to double the previously predicted atmospheric CO2 concentration due to a limited plant geographical range over the arid Pangea supercontinent. The Mesozoic dispersion of the continents increases modelled plant geographical range from 65% to > 90%, amplifying global CO2 removal, consistent with geological data. We demonstrate that plant geographical range likely exerted a major, under-explored control on long-term climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Gurung
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Katie J Field
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah A Batterman
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, USA
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama, USA
| | - Simon W Poulton
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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21
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Schmidt CA, Tambutté E, Venn AA, Zou Z, Castillo Alvarez C, Devriendt LS, Bechtel HA, Stifler CA, Anglemyer S, Breit CP, Foust CL, Hopanchuk A, Klaus CN, Kohler IJ, LeCloux IM, Mezera J, Patton MR, Purisch A, Quach V, Sengkhammee JS, Sristy T, Vattem S, Walch EJ, Albéric M, Politi Y, Fratzl P, Tambutté S, Gilbert PUPA. Myriad Mapping of nanoscale minerals reveals calcium carbonate hemihydrate in forming nacre and coral biominerals. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1812. [PMID: 38418834 PMCID: PMC10901822 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is abundant on Earth, is a major component of marine biominerals and thus of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and it plays a major role in the global carbon cycle by storing atmospheric CO2 into solid biominerals. Six crystalline polymorphs of CaCO3 are known-3 anhydrous: calcite, aragonite, vaterite, and 3 hydrated: ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O), monohydrocalcite (CaCO3·1H2O, MHC), and calcium carbonate hemihydrate (CaCO3·½H2O, CCHH). CCHH was recently discovered and characterized, but exclusively as a synthetic material, not as a naturally occurring mineral. Here, analyzing 200 million spectra with Myriad Mapping (MM) of nanoscale mineral phases, we find CCHH and MHC, along with amorphous precursors, on freshly deposited coral skeleton and nacre surfaces, but not on sea urchin spines. Thus, biomineralization pathways are more complex and diverse than previously understood, opening new questions on isotopes and climate. Crystalline precursors are more accessible than amorphous ones to other spectroscopies and diffraction, in natural and bio-inspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor A Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Eric Tambutté
- Department of Marine Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Alexander A Venn
- Department of Marine Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Zhaoyong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | | | - Laurent S Devriendt
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hans A Bechtel
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Cayla A Stifler
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Carolyn P Breit
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Connor L Foust
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Andrii Hopanchuk
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Connor N Klaus
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Isaac J Kohler
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Jaiden Mezera
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Madeline R Patton
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Annie Purisch
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Virginia Quach
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Tarak Sristy
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Shreya Vattem
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Evan J Walch
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Marie Albéric
- Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Laboratoire de chimie de la matière condensée, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Yael Politi
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sylvie Tambutté
- Department of Marine Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Pupa U P A Gilbert
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and Geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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22
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Chen Z, Wang W, Forzieri G, Cescatti A. Transition from positive to negative indirect CO 2 effects on the vegetation carbon uptake. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1500. [PMID: 38374331 PMCID: PMC10876672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Although elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) has substantial indirect effects on vegetation carbon uptake via associated climate change, their dynamics remain unclear. Here we investigate how the impacts of eCO2-driven climate change on growing-season gross primary production have changed globally during 1982-2014, using satellite observations and Earth system models, and evaluate their evolution until the year 2100. We show that the initial positive effect of eCO2-induced climate change on vegetation carbon uptake has declined recently, shifting to negative in the early 21st century. Such emerging pattern appears prominent in high latitudes and occurs in combination with a decrease of direct CO2 physiological effect, ultimately resulting in a sharp reduction of the current growth benefits induced by climate warming and CO2 fertilization. Such weakening of the indirect CO2 effect can be partially attributed to the widespread land drying, and it is expected to be further exacerbated under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiguang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
- Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Giovanni Forzieri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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23
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Agarwal V, Chávez-Casillas J, Inomura K, Mouw CB. Patterns in the temporal complexity of global chlorophyll concentration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1522. [PMID: 38374303 PMCID: PMC10876569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have relied on satellite-based estimates of chlorophyll-a concentration to identify oceanographic processes and plan in situ observational campaigns; however, the patterns of intrinsic temporal variation in chlorophyll-a concentration have not been investigated on a global scale. Here we develop a metric to quantify time series complexity (i.e., a measure of the ups and downs of sequential observations) in chlorophyll-a concentration and show that seemingly disparate regions (e.g., Atlantic vs Indian, equatorial vs subtropical) in the global ocean can be inherently similar. These patterns can be linked to the regularity of chlorophyll-a concentration change and the likelihood of anomalous events within the satellite record. Despite distinct spatial changes in decadal chlorophyll-a concentration, changes in time series complexity have been relatively consistent. This work provides different metrics for monitoring the global ocean and suggests that the complexity of chlorophyll-a time series can be independent of its magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitul Agarwal
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA.
| | - Jonathan Chávez-Casillas
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Keisuke Inomura
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Colleen B Mouw
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA
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24
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Baldry K, Johnson R, Strutton PG, Boyd PW. A biological ocean data reformatting effort. Sci Data 2024; 11:215. [PMID: 38365981 PMCID: PMC10873340 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological ocean data collected from ships find reuse in aggregations of historical data. These data are heavily relied upon to document long term change, validate satellite algorithms for ocean biology and are useful in assessing the performance of autonomous platforms and biogeochemical models. Existing aggregate products have largely been restricted to the surface ocean, omit physical data or have limited biological data. We present the first version of a BIOlogical ocean data reforMATting Effort (BIO-MATE) to begin to fill a gap in subsurface bio-physical data aggregates in a reproducible way. BIO-MATE uses open-source R software that reformats openly sourced published datasets from oceanographic voyages. These reformatted biological and physical data from underway sensors, profiling sensors, pigments analysis and particulate organic carbon analysis are stored in an interoperable BIO-MATE data product for easy access and use. Specific QA/QC protocols can now be easily applied to the BIO-MATE data product to support a variety of surface and subsurface applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberlee Baldry
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - Robert Johnson
- Bureau National Operations Centre, Bureau of Meteorology, Hobart, Australia
| | - Peter G Strutton
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip W Boyd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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25
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Dong Y, Xuan F, Huang X, Li Z, Su W, Huang J, Li X, Tao W, Liu H, Chen J. A 30-m annual corn residue coverage dataset from 2013 to 2021 in Northeast China. Sci Data 2024; 11:216. [PMID: 38365784 PMCID: PMC10873423 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-02998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Crop residue cover plays a key role in the protection of black soil by covering the soil in the non-growing season against wind erosion and chopping for returning to the soil to increase organic matter in the future. Although there are some studies that have mapped the crop residue coverage by remote sensing technique, the results are mainly on a small scale, limiting the generalizability of the results. In this study, we present a novel corn residue coverage (CRC) dataset for Northeast China spanning the years 2013-2021. The aim of our dataset is to provide a basis to describe and monitor CRC for black soil protection. The accuracy of our estimation results was validated against previous studies and measured data, demonstrating high accuracy with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.7304 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.1247 between estimated and measured CRC in field campaigns. In addition, it is the first of its kind to offer the longest time series, enhancing its significance in long-term monitoring and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fu Xuan
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xianda Huang
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ziqian Li
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei Su
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jianxi Huang
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xuecao Li
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wancheng Tao
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiezhi Chen
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
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26
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Waajen AC, Lima C, Goodacre R, Cockell CS. Life on Earth can grow on extraterrestrial organic carbon. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3691. [PMID: 38355968 PMCID: PMC10866878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The universe is a vast store of organic abiotic carbon that could potentially drive heterotrophy on habitable planets. Meteorites are one of the transporters of this carbon to planetary surfaces. Meteoritic material was accumulating on early Earth when life emerged and proliferated. Yet it is not known if this organic carbon from space was accessible to life. In this research, an anaerobic microbial community was grown with the CM2 carbonaceous chondrite Aguas Zarcas as the sole carbon, energy and nutrient source. Using a reversed 13C-stable isotope labelling experiment in combination with optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy of single cells, this paper demonstrates the direct transfer of carbon from meteorite into microbial biomass. This implies that meteoritic organics could have been used as a carbon source on early Earth and other habitable planets, and supports the potential for a heterotrophic metabolism in early living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassio Lima
- Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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27
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Behncke J, Landschützer P, Tanhua T. A detectable change in the air-sea CO 2 flux estimate from sailboat measurements. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3345. [PMID: 38336893 PMCID: PMC10858044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The sailboat Seaexplorer collected underway sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) data for 129 days (2018-2021), including an Antarctic circumnavigation. By comparing ensembles of data-driven air-sea CO2 fluxes computed with and without sailboat data and applying a detection algorithm, we show that these sailboat observations significantly increase the regional carbon uptake in the North Atlantic and decrease it in the Southern Ocean. While compensating changes in both basins limit the global effect, the Southern Ocean-particularly frontal regions (40°S-60°S) during summertime-exhibited the largest air-sea CO2 flux changes, averaging 20% of the regional mean. Assessing the sensitivity of the air-sea CO2 flux to measurement uncertainty, the results stay robust within the expected random measurement uncertainty (± 5 μatm) but remain undetectable with a measurement offset of 5 µatm. We thus conclude that sailboats fill essential measurement gaps in remote ocean regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Behncke
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology and International Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Landschützer
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Toste Tanhua
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Wichhofstrasse 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany
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28
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Li X, He Y, Fu Y, Wang Y. Analysis of the carbon effect of high-standard basic farmland based on the whole life cycle. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3361. [PMID: 38336909 PMCID: PMC10858051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the whole life cycle theory, the carbon effect of three different sizes of high-standard basic farmland construction projects is measured and analysed. The results show that the carbon emissions generated during the construction of high-standard basic farmland projects and the carbon absorption capacity at the later stage are different for projects of different sizes. The carbon emissions of different scales of high-standard basic farmland projects will increase during the construction stage. The results of carbon effect changes in the later operation and management stage show that the high-standard basic farmland construction projects will help reduce the carbon emissions of the field ecosystem where the farmland is located and increase its carbon sink capacity after the completion of construction, which is more obvious in larger projects. The emission reduction and carbon sequestration capacity of the farmland after remediation are improved to different degrees, which is more conducive to the ecological development of agricultural production and ecological environmental protection in the relevant areas. The study contributes to the green development of farmland, which is of some significance for the sustainable development of agriculture in Tianjin and the whole country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- College of Economics and Management, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ying He
- College of Economics and Management, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Yanhua Fu
- College of Economics and Management, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- College of Economics and Management, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300192, China
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29
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Norouzi S, Wagner T, MacDonald A, Bischoff J, Brasche J, Trojahn S, Spray J, Pereira R. Dissolved organic matter quantity and quality response of tropical rainforest headwater rivers to the transition from dry to wet season. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3270. [PMID: 38332222 PMCID: PMC10853192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its composition in aquatic ecosystems is a key indicator of ecosystem function and an important component of the global carbon cycle. Tropical rainforest headwaters play an important role in global carbon cycling. However, there is a large uncertainty on how DOM sources interact during mobilisation and the potential fate of associated carbon and nutrients. Using field techniques to measure dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and composition, changes in DOM source from headwaters to larger downstream rivers were observed. This study shows that the hydrological connectivity, developed during the transition from dry to wet seasons, changes the DOM supply and transport across a tropical river catchment. The observed variability in the DOC-river discharge relationship provides further evidence of the changes in the DOM supply in a small headwater. This novel insight into the seasonal changes of the dynamics of DOM supply to the river helps understanding the mobilization of terrestrial DOM to tropical headwaters and its export from smaller to larger rivers. It also highlights the data gap in the study of smaller headwaters which may account for uncertainty in estimating the terrestrial carbon transported by inland waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Norouzi
- The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - T Wagner
- The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A MacDonald
- British Geological Survey, The Lyell Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Bischoff
- The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Brasche
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - S Trojahn
- The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J Spray
- The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Pereira
- The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
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30
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Wei X, Hayes DJ, Li D, Butman DE, Brewin RJW. Fates of Terrigenous Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Gulf of Maine. Environ Sci Technol 2024. [PMID: 38324705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A significant amount of organic carbon is transported in dissolved form from soils to coastal oceans via inland water systems, bridging land and ocean carbon reservoirs. However, it has been discovered that the presence of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon (tDOC) in oceans is relatively limited. Therefore, understanding the fates of tDOC in coastal oceans is essential to account for carbon sequestration through land ecosystems and ensure accurate regional carbon budgeting. In this study, we developed a state-of-the-art modeling approach by coupling a land-to-ocean tDOC flux simulation model and a coastal tDOC tracking model to determine the potential fates of tDOC exported from three primary drainage basins in the Gulf of Maine (GoM). According to our findings, over half a year in the GoM, 56.4% of tDOC was mineralized. Biomineralization was responsible for 90% of that amount, with the remainder attributed to photomineralization. Additionally, 37% of the tDOC remained suspended in the GoM, and 6.6% was buried in the marine sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Wei
- Center for Research on Sustainable Forests, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Daniel J Hayes
- Center for Research on Sustainable Forests, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Denghui Li
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - David E Butman
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Robert J W Brewin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, U.K
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31
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Jensen KH, Grandy AS, Sparks JP. Elevated atmospheric CO 2 drives decreases in stable soil organic carbon in arid ecosystems: Evidence from a physical fractionation and organic compound analysis. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17175. [PMID: 38337156 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is perturbing the global carbon (C) cycle, altering stocks of organic C, including soil organic matter (SOM). The effect of this disturbance on soils in arid ecosystems may differ from other ecosystems due to water limitation. In this study, we conducted a density fractionation on soils previously harvested from the Nevada Desert FACE Facility (NDFF) to understand how elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2 ) affects SOM stability. Soils from beneath the perennial shrub, Larrea tridentata, and from unvegetated interspace were subjected to a sodium polytungstate density fractionation to separate light, particulate organic matter (POM, <1.85 g/cm3 ) from heavier, mineral associated organic matter (MAOM, >1.85 g/cm3 ). These fractions were analyzed for organic C, total N, δ13 C and δ15 N, to understand the mechanisms behind changes. The heavy fraction was further analyzed by pyrolysis GC/MS to assess changes in organic compound composition. Elevated CO2 decreased POM-C and MAOM-C in soils beneath L. tridentata while interspace soils exhibited only a small increase in MAOM-N. Analysis of δ13 C revealed incorporation of new C into both POM and MAOM pools indicating eCO2 stimulated rapid turnover of both POM and MAOM. The largest losses of POM-C and MAOM-C observed under eCO2 occurred in soils 20-40 cm in depth, highlighting that belowground C inputs may be a significant driver of SOM decomposition in this ecosystem. Pyrolysis GC/MS analysis revealed a decrease in organic compound diversity in the MAOM fraction of L. tridentata soils, becoming more similar to interspace soils under eCO2 . These results provide further evidence that MAOM stability may be compromised under disturbance and that SOC stocks in arid ecosystems are vulnerable under continued climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey H Jensen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - A Stuart Grandy
- Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jed P Sparks
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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32
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Welpelo C, Dubbert M, Tiemeyer B, Voigt C, Piayda A. Effects of birch encroachment, water table and vegetation on methane emissions from peatland microforms in a rewetted bog. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2533. [PMID: 38291102 PMCID: PMC10828379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of vegetation and microforms on methane (CH4) balances of a rewetted bog in north-west Germany. The two study sites are in close proximity on the same former peat extraction area, one dominated by Sphagnum-mosses and the other one by a dense Betula pubescens stand with a high Eriophorum vaginatum cover. The contribution of microforms (hummocks/hollows) to CH4 emissions and the effect of Betula encroachment has been studied. Transparent and opaque chambers were used to measure CH4 fluxes every 3-4 weeks during daytime for one year. For the estimation of annual balances, three methods were compared and the method using water level and soil temperature as explanatory variables was selected. Fluxes were scaled to the site level. The annual emissions per site are and 7.1 ± 1.5 g CH4-C m-2 year-1 at the treed site and 36.1 ± 3.5 g CH4-C m-2 year-1 at the open site, mainly controlled by higher water levels. Highest annual emissions originated from hollows at the open site, but in the vegetation period, hummock emissions tend to be higher. At the tree site, emission differences between the microforms were less pronounced. There were no differences between fluxes from transparent and opaque chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Welpelo
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Maren Dubbert
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Bärbel Tiemeyer
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claas Voigt
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Arndt Piayda
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
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33
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Stewart AJ, Halabisky M, Babcock C, Butman DE, D'Amore DV, Moskal LM. Revealing the hidden carbon in forested wetland soils. Nat Commun 2024; 15:726. [PMID: 38272881 PMCID: PMC10810814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Inland wetlands are critical carbon reservoirs storing 30% of global soil organic carbon (SOC) within 6% of the land surface. However, forested regions contain SOC-rich wetlands that are not included in current maps, which we refer to as 'cryptic carbon'. Here, to demonstrate the magnitude and distribution of cryptic carbon, we measure and map SOC stocks as a function of a continuous, upland-to-wetland gradient across the Hoh River Watershed (HRW) in the Pacific Northwest of the U.S., comprising 68,145 ha. Total catchment SOC at 30 cm depth (5.0 TgC) is between estimates from global SOC maps (GSOC: 3.9 TgC; SoilGrids: 7.8 TgC). For wetland SOC, our 1 m stock estimates are substantially higher (Mean: 259 MgC ha-1; Total: 1.7 TgC) compared to current wetland-specific SOC maps derived from a combination of U.S. national datasets (Mean: 184 MgC ha-1; Total: 0.3 TgC). We show that total unmapped or cryptic carbon is 1.5 TgC and when added to current estimates, increases the estimated wetland SOC stock to 1.8 TgC or by 482%, which highlights the vast stores of SOC that are not mapped and contained in unprotected and vulnerable wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Stewart
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA, USA.
| | - Meghan Halabisky
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA, USA
| | - Chad Babcock
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - David E Butman
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA, USA
| | - David V D'Amore
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Juneau, AK, USA
| | - L Monika Moskal
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA, USA
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34
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Soued C, Bogard MJ, Finlay K, Bortolotti LE, Leavitt PR, Badiou P, Knox SH, Jensen S, Mueller P, Lee SC, Ng D, Wissel B, Chan CN, Page B, Kowal P. Salinity causes widespread restriction of methane emissions from small inland waters. Nat Commun 2024; 15:717. [PMID: 38267478 PMCID: PMC10808391 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inland waters are one of the largest natural sources of methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, but emissions models and estimates were developed for solute-poor ecosystems and may not apply to salt-rich inland waters. Here we combine field surveys and eddy covariance measurements to show that salinity constrains microbial CH4 cycling through complex mechanisms, restricting aquatic emissions from one of the largest global hardwater regions (the Canadian Prairies). Existing models overestimated CH4 emissions from ponds and wetlands by up to several orders of magnitude, with discrepancies linked to salinity. While not significant for rivers and larger lakes, salinity interacted with organic matter availability to shape CH4 patterns in small lentic habitats. We estimate that excluding salinity leads to overestimation of emissions from small Canadian Prairie waterbodies by at least 81% ( ~ 1 Tg yr-1 CO2 equivalent), a quantity comparable to other major national emissions sources. Our findings are consistent with patterns in other hardwater landscapes, likely leading to an overestimation of global lentic CH4 emissions. Widespread salinization of inland waters may impact CH4 cycling and should be considered in future projections of aquatic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Soued
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew J Bogard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
| | - Kerri Finlay
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
- Institute of Environmental Change and Society, University of Regina, S4S 0A2, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Lauren E Bortolotti
- Institute for Wetland & Waterfowl Research, Ducks Unlimited Canada, PO Box 1160, R0C 2Z0, Stonewall, MB, Canada
| | - Peter R Leavitt
- Institute of Environmental Change and Society, University of Regina, S4S 0A2, Regina, SK, Canada
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Pascal Badiou
- Institute for Wetland & Waterfowl Research, Ducks Unlimited Canada, PO Box 1160, R0C 2Z0, Stonewall, MB, Canada
| | - Sara H Knox
- Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sydney Jensen
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Peka Mueller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Sung Ching Lee
- Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Darian Ng
- Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Björn Wissel
- Institute of Environmental Change and Society, University of Regina, S4S 0A2, Regina, SK, Canada
- LEHNA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, Cedex, France
| | - Chun Ngai Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Bryan Page
- Institute for Wetland & Waterfowl Research, Ducks Unlimited Canada, PO Box 1160, R0C 2Z0, Stonewall, MB, Canada
| | - Paige Kowal
- Institute for Wetland & Waterfowl Research, Ducks Unlimited Canada, PO Box 1160, R0C 2Z0, Stonewall, MB, Canada
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35
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Rothman DH. Slow closure of Earth's carbon cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310998121. [PMID: 38241442 PMCID: PMC10823250 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310998121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon near the Earth's surface cycles between the production and consumption of organic carbon; the former sequesters carbon dioxide while the latter releases it. Microbes attempt to close the loop, but the longer organic matter survives, the slower microbial degradation becomes. This aging effect leaves observable quantitative signatures: Organic matter decays at rates that are inversely proportional to its age, while microbial populations and concentrations of organic carbon in ocean sediments decrease at distinct powers of age. Yet mechanisms that predict this collective organization remain unknown. Here, I show that these and other observations follow from the assumption that the decay of organic matter is limited by progressively rare extreme fluctuations in the energy available to microbes for decomposition. The theory successfully predicts not only observed scaling exponents but also a previously unobserved scaling regime that emerges when microbes subsist on the minimum energy flux required for survival. The resulting picture suggests that the carbon cycle's age-dependent dynamics are analogous to the slow approach to equilibrium in disordered systems. The impact of these slow dynamics is profound: They preclude complete oxidation of organic carbon in sediments, thereby freeing molecular oxygen to accumulate in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Rothman
- Lorenz Center, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
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36
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Li J, Pei J, Fang C, Li B, Nie M. Drought may exacerbate dryland soil inorganic carbon loss under warming climate conditions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:617. [PMID: 38242894 PMCID: PMC10799000 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Low moisture conditions result in substantially more soil inorganic carbon (SIC) than soil organic carbon (SOC) in drylands. However, whether and how changes in moisture affect the temperature response of SIC in drylands are poorly understood. Here, we report that the temperature sensitivity of SIC dissolution increases but that of SOC decomposition decreases with increasing natural aridity from 30 dryland sites along a 4,500 km aridity gradient in northern China. To directly test the effects of moisture changes alone, a soil moisture control experiment also revealed opposite moisture effects on the temperature sensitivities of SIC and SOC. Moreover, we found that the temperature sensitivity of SIC was primarily regulated by pH and base cations, whereas that of SOC was mainly regulated by physicochemical protection along the aridity gradient. Given the overall increases in aridity in a warming world, our findings highlight that drought may exacerbate dryland soil carbon loss from SIC under warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Junmin Pei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Changming Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Nie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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37
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Hu A, Jang KS, Tanentzap AJ, Zhao W, Lennon JT, Liu J, Li M, Stegen J, Choi M, Lu Y, Feng X, Wang J. Thermal responses of dissolved organic matter under global change. Nat Commun 2024; 15:576. [PMID: 38233386 PMCID: PMC10794202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The diversity of intrinsic traits of different organic matter molecules makes it challenging to predict how they, and therefore the global carbon cycle, will respond to climate change. Here we develop an indicator of compositional-level environmental response for dissolved organic matter to quantify the aggregated response of individual molecules that positively and negatively associate with warming. We apply the indicator to assess the thermal response of sediment dissolved organic matter in 480 aquatic microcosms along nutrient gradients on three Eurasian mountainsides. Organic molecules consistently respond to temperature change within and across contrasting climate zones. At a compositional level, dissolved organic matter in warmer sites has a stronger thermal response and shows functional reorganization towards molecules with lower thermodynamic favorability for microbial decomposition. The thermal response is more sensitive to warming at higher nutrients, with increased sensitivity of up to 22% for each additional 1 mg L-1 of nitrogen loading. The utility of the thermal response indicator is further confirmed by laboratory experiments and reveals its positive links to greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, South Korea
| | - Andrew J Tanentzap
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Wenqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jay T Lennon
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Jinfu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Mingjia Li
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - James Stegen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Mira Choi
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, South Korea
| | - Yahai Lu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaojuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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38
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Yin S, Wei C, Qu X, Fu H, Li B, Piao S, Tao S, Hatcher PG, Zhu D. Benzenepoly(carboxylic acid)s as Exclusive Intrinsic Markers to Assess Riverine Export of Dissolved Black Carbon. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:1142-1151. [PMID: 38159290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Landscape fires annually generate large quantities of black carbon. The water-soluble fraction of black carbon (i.e., dissolved black carbon/DBC) is an important constituent of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool, playing a crucial role in the global budget of refractory carbon and climate change. A key challenge in constraining the flux and fate of riverine DBC is to develop targeted and accurate quantification methods. Herein, we report that benzenepentacarboxylic acid (B5CA) intrinsically present in DBC can be used as an exclusive and holistic marker (representing both condensed aromatics and less-/nonaromatic fractions) for DBC quantification. B5CA was universally detected in water extractions of biochar and fire-affected soils with relatively large abundance but not produced by nonthermogenic processes. It has good mobility in the environment as it is not readily precipitated by cations or adsorbed by common geosorbents. B5CA also represents the recalcitrant components of DBC with excellent stability against photodegradation and biodegradation. Applying B5CA as the DBC marker in surface waters of the Changjiang River (i.e., the third largest river in the world), we calculate the DBC concentration in the downstream Changjiang River to be 4.8 ± 5.5% of the DOC flux. Our work provides a simple and reliable approach for the accurate quantification and source tracking of DBC in the soil and aquatic carbon pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Yin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chenhui Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Heyun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Bengang Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Patrick G Hatcher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, West Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Dongqiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Candry P, Flinkstrom Z, Henriikka Winkler MK. Wetlands harbor lactic acid-driven chain elongators. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0210523. [PMID: 38084977 PMCID: PMC10783096 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02105-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Wetlands are globally significant carbon cycling hotspots that both sequester large amounts of CO2 as soil carbon as well as emit a third of all CH4 globally. Their outsized role in the global carbon cycle makes it critical to understand microbial processes contributing to carbon breakdown and storage in these ecosystems. Here, we confirm the presence of chain-elongating organisms in freshwater wetland soils. These organisms take small carbon compounds formed during the breakdown of biomass and turn them into larger compounds (six to eight carbon organic acids) that may potentially contribute to the formation of soil organic matter and long-term carbon storage. Moreover, we find that these chain-elongating organisms may be widely distributed in wetlands globally. Future work should identify these organisms' contribution to carbon cycling in wetlands and the potential role of the products they form in carbon sequestration in wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Candry
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Zachary Flinkstrom
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Li X, Wu D, Liu X, Huang Y, Cai A, Xu H, Ran J, Xiao J, Zhang W. A global dataset of biochar application effects on crop yield, soil properties, and greenhouse gas emissions. Sci Data 2024; 11:57. [PMID: 38195633 PMCID: PMC10776752 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Biochar application is widely studied to mitigate the threats of soil degradation to food security and climate change. However, there are big variations in the effects of biochar application on crops, soils, and the atmosphere during crop production. This study provides a global dataset of biochar application effects on crop yield, soil properties, and greenhouse emissions. The dataset is extracted and integrated from 367 peer-reviewed studies with 891 independent field, laboratory, and incubation experiments across 37 countries. This dataset includes 21 variables before and after biochar application (including soil properties, crop yield, greenhouse gas emissions, etc.) of 2438 items, focusing on two main biochar application types: biochar application alone and combined with fertilizers. Background information on climate conditions, initial soil properties, management practices, and characteristics of biochar sources and production is also contained in the dataset. This dataset facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the impact of biochar application, supports the utilization of agricultural wastes for biochar production, and assists researchers in refining experimental protocols for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux AgroBio Tech, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Dong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yaping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Andong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College Natural of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiwei Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenju Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Buchwald SZ, Herzschuh U, Nürnberg D, Harms L, Stoof-Leichsenring KR. Plankton community changes during the last 124 000 years in the subarctic Bering Sea derived from sedimentary ancient DNA. ISME J 2024; 18:wrad006. [PMID: 38365253 PMCID: PMC10811732 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Current global warming results in rising sea-water temperatures, and the loss of sea ice in Arctic and subarctic oceans impacts the community composition of primary producers with cascading effects on the food web and potentially on carbon export rates. This study analyzes metagenomic shotgun and diatom rbcL amplicon sequencing data from sedimentary ancient DNA of the subarctic western Bering Sea that records phyto- and zooplankton community changes over the last glacial-interglacial cycles, including the last interglacial period (Eemian). Our data show that interglacial and glacial plankton communities differ, with distinct Eemian and Holocene plankton communities. The generally warm Holocene period is dominated by picosized cyanobacteria and bacteria-feeding heterotrophic protists, while the Eemian period is dominated by eukaryotic picosized chlorophytes and Triparmaceae. By contrast, the glacial period is characterized by microsized phototrophic protists, including sea ice-associated diatoms in the family Bacillariaceae and co-occurring diatom-feeding crustaceous zooplankton. Our deep-time record of plankton community changes reveals a long-term decrease in phytoplankton cell size coeval with increasing temperatures, resembling community changes in the currently warming Bering Sea. The phytoplankton community in the warmer-than-present Eemian period is distinct from modern communities and limits the use of the Eemian as an analog for future climate scenarios. However, under enhanced future warming, the expected shift toward the dominance of small-sized phytoplankton and heterotrophic protists might result in an increased productivity, whereas the community's potential of carbon export will be decreased, thereby weakening the subarctic Bering Sea's function as an effective carbon sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Z Buchwald
- Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam D-14473, Germany
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
| | - Ulrike Herzschuh
- Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam D-14473, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam D-14476, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam D-14476, Germany
| | - Dirk Nürnberg
- Ocean Circulation and Climate Dynamics, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel D-24148, Germany
| | - Lars Harms
- Data Science Support, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven D-27568, Germany
| | - Kathleen R Stoof-Leichsenring
- Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam D-14473, Germany
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42
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Tian J, Dungait JAJ, Hou R, Deng Y, Hartley IP, Yang Y, Kuzyakov Y, Zhang F, Cotrufo MF, Zhou J. Microbially mediated mechanisms underlie soil carbon accrual by conservation agriculture under decade-long warming. Nat Commun 2024; 15:377. [PMID: 38191568 PMCID: PMC10774409 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) in croplands by switching from conventional to conservation management may be hampered by stimulated microbial decomposition under warming. Here, we test the interactive effects of agricultural management and warming on SOC persistence and underlying microbial mechanisms in a decade-long controlled experiment on a wheat-maize cropping system. Warming increased SOC content and accelerated fungal community temporal turnover under conservation agriculture (no tillage, chopped crop residue), but not under conventional agriculture (annual tillage, crop residue removed). Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) and growth increased linearly over time, with stronger positive warming effects after 5 years under conservation agriculture. According to structural equation models, these increases arose from greater carbon inputs from the crops, which indirectly controlled microbial CUE via changes in fungal communities. As a result, fungal necromass increased from 28 to 53%, emerging as the strongest predictor of SOC content. Collectively, our results demonstrate how management and climatic factors can interact to alter microbial community composition, physiology and functions and, in turn, SOC formation and accrual in croplands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Jennifer A J Dungait
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
- Carbon Management Centre, SRUC-Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Ruixing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100101, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ye Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, PR China
| | - Iain P Hartley
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, PR China.
| | - M Francesca Cotrufo
- Department of Soil and Crop Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
- School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
- School of Computer Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Liu L, Zhou W, Guan K, Peng B, Xu S, Tang J, Zhu Q, Till J, Jia X, Jiang C, Wang S, Qin Z, Kong H, Grant R, Mezbahuddin S, Kumar V, Jin Z. Knowledge-guided machine learning can improve carbon cycle quantification in agroecosystems. Nat Commun 2024; 15:357. [PMID: 38191521 PMCID: PMC10774286 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate and cost-effective quantification of the carbon cycle for agroecosystems at decision-relevant scales is critical to mitigating climate change and ensuring sustainable food production. However, conventional process-based or data-driven modeling approaches alone have large prediction uncertainties due to the complex biogeochemical processes to model and the lack of observations to constrain many key state and flux variables. Here we propose a Knowledge-Guided Machine Learning (KGML) framework that addresses the above challenges by integrating knowledge embedded in a process-based model, high-resolution remote sensing observations, and machine learning (ML) techniques. Using the U.S. Corn Belt as a testbed, we demonstrate that KGML can outperform conventional process-based and black-box ML models in quantifying carbon cycle dynamics. Our high-resolution approach quantitatively reveals 86% more spatial detail of soil organic carbon changes than conventional coarse-resolution approaches. Moreover, we outline a protocol for improving KGML via various paths, which can be generalized to develop hybrid models to better predict complex earth system dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Liu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Wang Zhou
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kaiyu Guan
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Bin Peng
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Shaoming Xu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jinyun Tang
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Qing Zhu
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jessica Till
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Xiaowei Jia
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Chongya Jiang
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sheng Wang
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Ziqi Qin
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hui Kong
- Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Robert Grant
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2E3, Canada
| | - Symon Mezbahuddin
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2E3, Canada
- Environmental Knowledge and Prediction Branch, Alberta Environment and Protected Areas, Edmonton, AB, T5K 2J6, Canada
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Zhenong Jin
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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Nissen C, Lovenduski NS, Brooks CM, Hoppema M, Timmermann R, Hauck J. Severe 21st-century ocean acidification in Antarctic Marine Protected Areas. Nat Commun 2024; 15:259. [PMID: 38177177 PMCID: PMC10766974 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Antarctic coastal waters are home to several established or proposed Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) supporting exceptional biodiversity. Despite being threatened by anthropogenic climate change, uncertainties remain surrounding the future ocean acidification (OA) of these waters. Here we present 21st-century projections of OA in Antarctic MPAs under four emission scenarios using a high-resolution ocean-sea ice-biogeochemistry model with realistic ice-shelf geometry. By 2100, we project pH declines of up to 0.36 (total scale) for the top 200 m. Vigorous vertical mixing of anthropogenic carbon produces severe OA throughout the water column in coastal waters of proposed and existing MPAs. Consequently, end-of-century aragonite undersaturation is ubiquitous under the three highest emission scenarios. Given the cumulative threat to marine ecosystems by environmental change and activities such as fishing, our findings call for strong emission-mitigation efforts and further management strategies to reduce pressures on ecosystems, such as the continuation and expansion of Antarctic MPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Nissen
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Nicole S Lovenduski
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Cassandra M Brooks
- Department of Environmental Studies and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Mario Hoppema
- Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ralph Timmermann
- Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Judith Hauck
- Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
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Naresh RK, Singh PK, Bhatt R, Chandra MS, Kumar Y, Mahajan NC, Gupta SK, Al-Ansari N, Mattar MA. Long-term application of agronomic management strategies effects on soil organic carbon, energy budgeting, and carbon footprint under rice-wheat cropping system. Sci Rep 2024; 14:337. [PMID: 38172121 PMCID: PMC10764914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the plains of western North India, traditional rice and wheat cropping systems (RWCS) consume a significant amount of energy and carbon. In order to assess the long-term energy budgets, ecological footprint, and greenhouse gas (GHG) pollutants from RWCS with residual management techniques, field research was conducted which consisted of fourteen treatments that combined various tillage techniques, fertilization methods, and whether or not straw return was present in randomized block design. By altering the formation of aggregates and the distribution of carbon within them, tillage techniques can affect the dynamics of organic carbon in soil and soil microbial activity. The stability of large macro-aggregates (> 2 mm), small macro-aggregates (2.0-2.25 mm), and micro-aggregates in the topsoil were improved by 35.18%, 33.52%, and 25.10%, respectively, over conventional tillage (0-20 cm) using tillage strategies for conservation methods (no-till in conjunction with straw return and organic fertilizers). The subsoil (20-40 cm) displayed the same pattern. In contrast to conventional tilling with no straw returns, macro-aggregates of all sizes and micro-aggregates increased by 24.52%, 28.48%, and 18.12%, respectively, when conservation tillage with organic and chemical fertilizers was used. The straw return (aggregate-associated C) also resulted in a significant increase in aggregate-associated carbon. When zero tillage was paired with straw return, chemical, and organic fertilizers, the topsoil's overall aggregate-associated C across all aggregate proportions increased. Conversely, conventional tillage, in contrast to conservation tillage, included straw return as well as chemical and organic fertilizers and had high aggregate-associated C in the subsurface. This study finds that tillage techniques could change the dynamics of microbial biomass in soils and organic soil carbon by altering the aggregate and distribution of C therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Naresh
- Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, UP, India
| | - P K Singh
- Director Extension Education, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, UP, India
| | - Rajan Bhatt
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Amritsar, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Mandapelli Sharath Chandra
- AICRP On Integrated Farming System, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Telangana, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, UP, India
| | - N C Mahajan
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Department of Agronomy, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U. P, India
| | - S K Gupta
- Department of Agronomy, Bihar Agricultural University Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Nadhir Al-Ansari
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187, Lulea, Sweden.
| | - Mohamed A Mattar
- Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Fowler A, Basso B, Maureira F, Millar N, Ulbrich R, Brinton WF. Spatial patterns of historical crop yields reveal soil health attributes in US Midwest fields. Sci Rep 2024; 14:465. [PMID: 38172239 PMCID: PMC10764739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Attaining high crop yields and increasing carbon storage in agricultural soils, while avoiding negative environmental impacts on water quality, soil erosion, and biodiversity, requires accurate and precise management of crop inputs and management practices. The long-term analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of crop yields provides insights on how yields vary in a field, with parts of field constantly producing either high yields or low yields and other parts that fluctuate from one year to the next. The concept of yield stability has shown to be informative on how plants translate the effects of environmental conditions (e.g., soil, climate, topography) across the field and over the years in the final yield, and as a valuable layer in developing prescription maps of variable fertilizer rate inputs. Using known relationships between soil health and crop yields, we hypothesize that areas with measured constantly low yield will return low carbon to the soil affecting its heath. On this premises, yield stability zones (YSZ) provide an effective and practical integrative measure of the small-scale variability of soil health on a field relative basis. We tested this hypothesis by measuring various metrics of soil health from commercial farmers' fields in the north central Midwest of the USA in samples replicated across YSZ, using a soil test suite commonly used by producers and stakeholders active in agricultural carbon credits markets. We found that the use of YSZ allowed us to successfully partition field-relative soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil health metrics into statistically distinct regions. Low and stable (LS) yield zones were statistically lower in normalized SOC when compared to high and stable (HS) and unstable (US) yield zones. The drivers of the yield differences within a field are a series of factors ranging from climate, topography and soil. LS zones occur in areas of compacted soil layers or shallow soils (edge of the field) on steeper slopes. The US zones occurring with high water flow accumulation, were more dependent on topography and rainfall. The differences in the components of the overall soil health score (SHS) between these YSZ increased with sample depth suggesting a deeper topsoil in the US and HS zones, driven by the accumulation of water, nutrients, and carbon downslope. Comparison of the field management provided initial evidence that zero tillage reduces the magnitude of the variance in SOC and soil health metrics between the YSZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ames Fowler
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Bruno Basso
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, 3700 E. Gull Lake Dr. Hickory Corners, Michigan, MI, 49060, USA.
| | - Fidel Maureira
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Neville Millar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Ruben Ulbrich
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - William F Brinton
- Woods End Laboratories, 290 Belgrade Rd, Mt Vernon, Augusta, ME, 04352, USA
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47
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Freeman EC, Emilson EJS, Dittmar T, Braga LPP, Emilson CE, Goldhammer T, Martineau C, Singer G, Tanentzap AJ. Universal microbial reworking of dissolved organic matter along environmental gradients. Nat Commun 2024; 15:187. [PMID: 38168076 PMCID: PMC10762207 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Soils are losing increasing amounts of carbon annually to freshwaters as dissolved organic matter (DOM), which, if degraded, can offset their carbon sink capacity. However, the processes underlying DOM degradation across environments are poorly understood. Here we show DOM changes similarly along soil-aquatic gradients irrespective of environmental differences. Using ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, we track DOM along soil depths and hillslope positions in forest catchments and relate its composition to soil microbiomes and physico-chemical conditions. Along depths and hillslopes, we find carbohydrate-like and unsaturated hydrocarbon-like compounds increase in abundance-weighted mass, and the expression of genes essential for degrading plant-derived carbohydrates explains >50% of the variation in abundance of these compounds. These results suggest that microbes transform plant-derived compounds, leaving DOM to become increasingly dominated by the same (i.e., universal), difficult-to-degrade compounds as degradation proceeds. By synthesising data from the land-to-ocean continuum, we suggest these processes generalise across ecosystems and spatiotemporal scales. Such general degradation patterns can help predict DOM composition and reactivity along environmental gradients to inform management of soil-to-stream carbon losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika C Freeman
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK.
| | - Erik J S Emilson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen St. E., Sault Ste, Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lucas P P Braga
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Caroline E Emilson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen St. E., Sault Ste, Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Tobias Goldhammer
- Department of Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Mueggelseedamm, 301, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Martineau
- Natural Resources Canada, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 Du P.E.P.S. Street, P.O. Box 10380, Québec, G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Gabriel Singer
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrew J Tanentzap
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
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48
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Ren S, Wang T, Guenet B, Liu D, Cao Y, Ding J, Smith P, Piao S. Projected soil carbon loss with warming in constrained Earth system models. Nat Commun 2024; 15:102. [PMID: 38167278 PMCID: PMC10761705 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The soil carbon-climate feedback is currently the least constrained component of global warming projections, and the major source of uncertainties stems from a poor understanding of soil carbon turnover processes. Here, we assemble data from long-term temperature-controlled soil incubation studies to show that the arctic and boreal region has the shortest intrinsic soil carbon turnover time while tropical forests have the longest one, and current Earth system models overestimate intrinsic turnover time by 30 percent across active, slow and passive carbon pools. Our constraint suggests that the global soils will switch from carbon sink to source, with a loss of 0.22-0.53 petagrams of carbon per year until the end of this century from strong mitigation to worst emission scenarios, suggesting that global soils will provide a strong positive carbon feedback on warming. Such a reversal of global soil carbon balance would lead to a reduction of 66% and 15% in the current estimated remaining carbon budget for limiting global warming well below 1.5 °C and 2 °C, respectively, rendering climate mitigation much more difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire de Géologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, IPSL, Paris, France
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Shilong Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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49
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Wang HC, Huang CY. Cross-scale assessments of the impacts and resilience of subtropical montane cloud forests to chronic seasonal droughts and episodic typhoons. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17000. [PMID: 37905471 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Montane cloud forests (MCFs) are ecosystems frequently immersed in fog and are vital for the terrestrial hydrological cycle and biodiversity hotspots. However, the potential impacts of climate change, particularly intensified droughts and typhoons, on the persistence of ecosystems remain unclear. Our study conducted cross-scale assessments using 6-year (2016-2021) ground litterfall and 21-year (2001-2021) satellite greenness data (the Enhanced Vegetation Index [EVI] and the EVI anomaly change [ΔEVI% ]), gross primary productivity anomaly change (ΔGPP% ), and meteorological variables (the standardized precipitation index [SPI] and wind speed). We found a positive correlation between summer EVI and ΔGPP% with the SPI-3 (3-month time scale), while winter litterfall showed a negative correlation. Maximum typhoon daily wind speed was negatively correlated with summer and the monthly ΔEVI% and ΔGPP% . These findings suggest vegetation damage and productivity loss were related to drought and typhoon intensities. Furthermore, our analysis highlighted that chronic seasonal droughts had more pronounced impacts on MCFs than severe typhoons, implying that high precipitation and frequent fog immersion do not necessarily mitigate the ramifications of water deficit on MCFs but might render MCFs more sensitive and vulnerable to drought. A significant negative correlation between the summer and winter ΔEVI% and ΔGPP% of the same year, suggesting disturbance severity during summer may facilitate vegetation regrowth and carbon accumulation in the subsequent winter. This finding may be attributed to the ecological resilience of MCFs, which enables them to recover from the previous summer. In the long-term, our results indicated an increase in vegetation resilience over two decades in MCFs, likely driven by rising temperatures and elevated carbon dioxide levels. However, the enhancement of resilience might be overshadowed by the potential intensified droughts and typhoons in the future, potentially causing severe damage and insufficient recovery times for MCFs, thus raising concerns about uncertainties regarding their sustained resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Ching Wang
- Department of Earth and Life Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Ying Huang
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Future Earth, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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50
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Frenger I, Landolfi A, Kvale K, Somes CJ, Oschlies A, Yao W, Koeve W. Misconceptions of the marine biological carbon pump in a changing climate: Thinking outside the "export" box. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17124. [PMID: 38273488 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The marine biological carbon pump (BCP) stores carbon in the ocean interior, isolating it from exchange with the atmosphere and thereby coregulating atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ). As the BCP commonly is equated with the flux of organic material to the ocean interior, termed "export flux," a change in export flux is perceived to directly impact atmospheric CO2 , and thus climate. Here, we recap how this perception contrasts with current understanding of the BCP, emphasizing the lack of a direct relationship between global export flux and atmospheric CO2 . We argue for the use of the storage of carbon of biological origin in the ocean interior as a diagnostic that directly relates to atmospheric CO2 , as a way forward to quantify the changes in the BCP in a changing climate. The diagnostic is conveniently applicable to both climate model data and increasingly available observational data. It can explain a seemingly paradoxical response under anthropogenic climate change: Despite a decrease in export flux, the BCP intensifies due to a longer reemergence time of biogenically stored carbon back to the ocean surface and thereby provides a negative feedback to increasing atmospheric CO2 . This feedback is notably small compared with anthropogenic CO2 emissions and other carbon-climate feedbacks. In this Opinion paper, we advocate for a comprehensive view of the BCP's impact on atmospheric CO2 , providing a prerequisite for assessing the effectiveness of marine CO2 removal approaches that target marine biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Frenger
- Biogeochemical Modelling, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Karin Kvale
- Biogeochemical Modelling, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- GNS Science, Te Pū Ao, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Christopher J Somes
- Biogeochemical Modelling, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Oschlies
- Biogeochemical Modelling, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wanxuan Yao
- Biogeochemical Modelling, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koeve
- Biogeochemical Modelling, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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