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Dossa GGO, Adhikari S, Cao KF, Chen YJ, Codjia JEI, Corlett RT, Dong J, Fan ZX, Khatri P, Kiki M, Li HL, Ling TC, Liu G, Majcher BM, Nisar N, Njoroge DM, Ofosu-Bamfo B, Pearce S, Roeder M, Schaefer DA, Schnitzer SA, Smith-Martin CM, Thu WP, Tomlinson KW, Xu SY, Zakari S, Zhang JL, Zhang YB, Zotz G, Zuo J, Cornelissen JHC. Lianas from lives to afterlives: 1st International workshop on liana forest ecology, Xishuangbanna, China, 12-16 October 2023. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38622774 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gbadamassi G O Dossa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Shambhu Adhikari
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Jean Evans Israel Codjia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants-Soil Fungi Interactions, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, BP 123, Benin
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Jinlong Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ze-Xin Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Pratibha Khatri
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Southeast Asia Biodiversity Conservation & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Mathieu Kiki
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Hong-Lin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Science, Puer University, Puer, Yunnan, 665000, China
| | - Tial C Ling
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Guangyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Environmental education department, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | | | - Nehrish Nisar
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Denis M Njoroge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bismark Ofosu-Bamfo
- Department of Biological Science, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, P.O. Box 214, Ghana
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Steven Pearce
- The Tree Projects Lead Tree Climber, Big Tree State Pty. Ltd., Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Mareike Roeder
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Josefstr.1, Rastatt, D-76437, Germany
| | - Douglas A Schaefer
- Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Stefan A Schnitzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, P.O. Box 1881, WI, USA
| | - Chris M Smith-Martin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Wai Phyo Thu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Kyle W Tomlinson
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Shui-Yuan Xu
- College of Biological and Chemical Science, Puer University, Puer, Yunnan, 665000, China
| | - Sissou Zakari
- Laboratory of Hydraulics and Environmental Modeling (HydroModE-Lab), Faculté d'Agronomie, Université de Parakou, 03 BP 351, Parakou, Benin
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Yun-Bing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Gerhard Zotz
- Functional Ecology of Plants, Carl von Ossietzky University, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama City, Panama
| | - Juan Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Dossa GGO, Li HL, Pan B, Ling TC, Schaefer DA, Roeder M, Njoroge DM, Zuo J, Song L, Ofosu-Bamfo B, Schnitzer SA, Harrison RD, Bongers F, Zhang JL, Cao KF, Powers JS, Fan ZX, Chen YJ, Corlett RT, Zotz G, Oleksyn J, Wyka TP, Codjia JEI, Cornelissen JHC. Effects of lianas on forest biogeochemistry during their lives and afterlives. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17274. [PMID: 38605677 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Climate change and other anthropogenic disturbances are increasing liana abundance and biomass in many tropical and subtropical forests. While the effects of living lianas on species diversity, ecosystem carbon, and nutrient dynamics are receiving increasing attention, the role of dead lianas in forest ecosystems has been little studied and is poorly understood. Trees and lianas coexist as the major woody components of forests worldwide, but they have very different ecological strategies, with lianas relying on trees for mechanical support. Consequently, trees and lianas have evolved highly divergent stem, leaf, and root traits. Here we show that this trait divergence is likely to persist after death, into the afterlives of these organs, leading to divergent effects on forest biogeochemistry. We introduce a conceptual framework combining horizontal, vertical, and time dimensions for the effects of liana proliferation and liana tissue decomposition on ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling. We propose a series of empirical studies comparing traits between lianas and trees to answer questions concerning the influence of trait afterlives on the decomposability of liana and tree organs. Such studies will increase our understanding of the contribution of lianas to terrestrial biogeochemical cycling, and help predict the effects of their increasing abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbadamassi G O Dossa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong-Lin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Science, Puer University, Puer, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
| | - Tial C Ling
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Douglas A Schaefer
- Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mareike Roeder
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Rastatt, Germany
| | - Denis M Njoroge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Bismark Ofosu-Bamfo
- Department of Biological Science, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Stefan A Schnitzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jennifer S Powers
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ze-Xin Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
| | - Gerhard Zotz
- Functional Ecology of Plants, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Tomasz P Wyka
- General Botany Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jean Evans Israel Codjia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants-Soil Fungi Interactions, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, BP, Benin
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Liu YY, Chao L, Li ZG, Ma L, Hu BQ, Zhu SD, Cao KF. Water storage capacity is inversely associated with xylem embolism resistance in tropical karst tree species. Tree Physiol 2024; 44:tpae017. [PMID: 38281245 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Tropical karst habitats are characterized by limited and patchy soil, large rocky outcrops and porous substrates, resulting in high habitat heterogeneity and soil moisture fluctuations. Xylem hydraulic efficiency and safety can determine the drought adaptation and spatial distribution of woody plants growing in karst environments. In this study, we measured sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks), vulnerability to embolism, wood density, saturated water content, and vessel and pit anatomical characteristics in the branch stems of 12 evergreen tree species in a tropical karst seasonal rainforest in southwestern China. We aimed to characterize the effects of structural characteristics on hydraulic efficiency and safety. Our results showed that there was no significant correlation between Ks and hydraulic safety across the tropical karst woody species. Ks was correlated with hydraulic vessel diameter (r = 0.80, P < 0.05) and vessel density (r = -0.60, P < 0.05), while the stem water potential at 50 and 88% loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50 and P88) were both significantly correlated with wood density (P < 0.05) and saturated water content (P = 0.052 and P < 0.05, respectively). High stem water storage capacity was associated with low cavitation resistance possibly because of its buffering the moisture fluctuations in karst environments. However, both Ks and P50/P88 were decoupled from the anatomical traits of pit and pit membranes. This may explain the lack of tradeoff between hydraulic safety and efficiency in tropical karst evergreen tree species. Our results suggest that diverse hydraulic trait combination may facilitate species coexistence in karst environments with high spatial heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Lin Chao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Zhong-Guo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
- Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Pingxiang 532600, Guangxi, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Bao-Qing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Shi-Dan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
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Short AW, Sebastian JSV, Huang J, Wang G, Dassanayake M, Finnegan PM, Parker JD, Cao KF, Wee AKS. Comparative transcriptomics of the chilling stress response in two Asian mangrove species, Bruguiera gymnorhiza and Rhizophora apiculata. Tree Physiol 2024; 44:tpae019. [PMID: 38366388 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Low temperatures largely determine the geographic limits of plant species by reducing survival and growth. Inter-specific differences in the geographic distribution of mangrove species have been associated with cold tolerance, with exclusively tropical species being highly cold-sensitive and subtropical species being relatively cold-tolerant. To identify species-specific adaptations to low temperatures, we compared the chilling stress response of two widespread Indo-West Pacific mangrove species from Rhizophoraceae with differing latitudinal range limits-Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. ex Savigny (subtropical range limit) and Rhizophora apiculata Blume (tropical range limit). For both species, we measured the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) as a proxy for the physiological condition of the plants and examined gene expression profiles during chilling at 15 and 5 °C. At 15 °C, B. gymnorhiza maintained a significantly higher Fv/Fm than R. apiculata. However, at 5 °C, both species displayed equivalent Fv/Fm values. Thus, species-specific differences in chilling tolerance were only found at 15 °C, and both species were sensitive to chilling at 5 °C. At 15 °C, B. gymnorhiza downregulated genes related to the light reactions of photosynthesis and upregulated a gene involved in cyclic electron flow regulation, whereas R. apiculata downregulated more RuBisCo-related genes. At 5 °C, both species repressed genes related to CO2 assimilation. The downregulation of genes related to light absorption and upregulation of genes related to cyclic electron flow regulation are photoprotective mechanisms that likely contributed to the greater photosystem II photochemical efficiency of B. gymnorhiza at 15 °C. The results of this study provide evidence that the distributional range limits and potentially the expansion rates of plant species are associated with differences in the regulation of photosynthesis and photoprotective mechanisms under low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan W Short
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning 530004, China
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, 5289 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - John Sunoj V Sebastian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Guannan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU), 202 Life Science Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Maheshi Dassanayake
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU), 202 Life Science Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Patrick M Finnegan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - John D Parker
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Smithsonian Institution, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Alison K S Wee
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Malaysia
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Wei Y, Chen YJ, Siddiq Z, Zhang JL, Zhang SB, Jansen S, Cao KF. Hydraulic traits and photosynthesis are coordinated with trunk sapwood capacitance in tropical tree species. Tree Physiol 2023; 43:2109-2120. [PMID: 37672225 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Water stored in trunk sapwood is vital for the canopy to maintain its physiological function under high transpiration demands. Little is known regarding the anatomical properties that contribute to the hydraulic capacitance of tree trunks and whether trunk capacitance is correlated with the hydraulic and gas exchange traits of canopy branches. We examined sapwood capacitance, xylem anatomical characteristics of tree trunks, embolism resistance, the minimal xylem water potential of canopy branches, leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in 22 species from a tropical seasonal rainforest and savanna. The results showed that the mean trunk sapwood capacitance did not differ between the two biomes. Capacitance was closely related to the fiber lumen fraction and fiber wall reinforcement and not to the axial and ray parenchyma fractions. Additionally, it was positively correlated with the theoretical hydraulic conductivity of a trunk and the specific hydraulic conductivity of branches, and showed a trade-off with branch embolism resistance. Species with a high trunk sapwood capacitance maintained less negative canopy water potentials in the dry season, but higher leaf photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance in the wet season. This study provides a functional link among trunk sapwood capacitance, xylem anatomy, canopy hydraulics and photosynthesis in tropical trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, NO. 100 Daxuedonglu, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, NO. 100 Daxuedonglu, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
- Yuanjiang Savanna Ecosystem Research Station, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuanjiang 653300, Yunnan, China
| | - Zafar Siddiq
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Katchery Road, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Shu-Bin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Botany, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, NO. 100 Daxuedonglu, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, NO. 100 Daxuedonglu, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
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Ke Y, Zhang FP, Zhang YB, Li W, Wang Q, Yang D, Zhang JL, Cao KF. Convergent relationships between flower economics and hydraulic traits across aquatic and terrestrial herbaceous plants. Plant Divers 2023; 45:601-610. [PMID: 37936818 PMCID: PMC10625894 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining open flowers is critical for successful pollination and depends on long-term water and carbon balance. Yet the relationship between how flower hydraulic traits are coordinated in different habitats is poorly understood. Here, we hypothesize that the coordination and trade-offs between floral hydraulics and economics traits are independent of environmental conditions. To test this hypothesis, we investigated a total of 27 flower economics and hydraulic traits in six aquatic and six terrestrial herbaceous species grown in a tropical botanical garden. We found that although there were a few significant differences, most flower hydraulics and economics traits did not differ significantly between aquatic and terrestrial herbaceous plants. Both flower mass per area and floral longevity were significantly positively correlated with the time required for drying full-hydrated flowers to 70% relative water content. Flower dry matter content was strongly and positively related to drought tolerance of the flowers as indicated by flower water potential at the turgor loss point. In addition, there was a trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and the construction cost of a flower across species. Our results show that flowers of aquatic and terrestrial plants follow the same economics spectrum pattern. These results suggest a convergent flower economics design across terrestrial and aquatic plants, providing new insights into the mechanisms by which floral organs adapt to aquatic and terrestrial habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ke
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng-Ping Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yun-Bing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Puer University, Puer, Yunnan 665000, China
| | - Qin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Da Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Daxuedong Road 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
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Aritsara ANA, Ni MY, Wang YQ, Yan CL, Zeng WH, Song HQ, Cao KF, Zhu SD. Tree growth is correlated with hydraulic efficiency and safety across 22 tree species in a subtropical karst forest. Tree Physiol 2023; 43:1307-1318. [PMID: 37067918 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Karst forests are habitats in which access to soil water can be challenging for plants. Therefore, safe and efficient xylem water transport and large internal water storage may benefit tree growth. In this study, we selected 22 tree species from a primary subtropical karst forest in southern China and measured their xylem anatomical traits, saturated water content (SWC), hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and embolism resistance (P50). Additionally, we monitored growth of diameter at breast height (DBH) in 440 individual trees of various sizes over three consecutive years. Our objective was to analyze the relationships between xylem structure, hydraulic efficiency, safety, water storage and growth of karst tree species. The results showed significant differences in structure but not in hydraulic traits between deciduous and evergreen species. Larger vessel diameter, paratracheal parenchyma and higher SWC were correlated with higher Ks. Embolism resistance was not correlated with the studied anatomical traits, and no tradeoff with Ks was observed. In small trees (5-15 cm DBH), diameter growth rate (DGR) was independent of hydraulic traits. In large trees (>15 cm DBH), higher Ks and more negative P50 accounted for higher DGR. From lower to greater embolism resistance, the size-growth relationship shifted from growth deceleration to acceleration with increasing tree size in eight of the 22 species. Our study highlights the vital contributions of xylem hydraulic efficiency and safety to growth rate and dynamics in karst tree species; therefore, we strongly recommend their integration into trait-based forest dynamic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy N A Aritsara
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, No. 100 Daxuedonglu Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, No. 100 Daxuedonglu Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Ni
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 98 Chengxiang Road, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, No. 100 Daxuedonglu Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Chao-Long Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, No. 100 Daxuedonglu Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, No. 100 Daxuedonglu Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui-Qing Song
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, No. 100 Daxuedonglu Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, No. 100 Daxuedonglu Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Shi-Dan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, No. 100 Daxuedonglu Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
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Agduma AR, Cao KF. Species richness, extent and potential threats to mangroves of Sarangani Bay Protected Seascape, Philippines. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e100050. [PMID: 38327299 PMCID: PMC10848689 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangroves form one of the most vital tropical ecosystems that support many species and surrounding communities. The Sarangani Bay Protected Seascape (SBPS) in the south of Mindanao Islands in the Philippines is home to a large number of mangrove species, which have not been fully explored. We updated the list of true mangrove species for SBPS from 10 to 24 by integrating the results of our survey and other past mangrove assessments. A practical spatial analysis approach was used to estimate the current mangrove forest extent of SBPS at 514 ha, as compared to 479 ha and 332 ha in 1998 and 2016, respectively, from other independent reports. Mangrove cover was negatively related to built area, cropland, bare ground, rangeland and total human population, but positively related to the number of fishing boats and total tree cover. In addition, we identified other potential anthropogenic threats to mangroves and categorised them into forest clearing or deforestation, over-extraction and pollution. The benefits of mangrove cover expansion, adoption of mangrove-friendly aquaculture and revitalising degraded mangrove forests outweigh their constraints. Our work provided a locally relevant understanding of the potential causes of mangrove loss and the values of human actions in mangrove dynamics, which will contribute to reliable and informed decision-making for the conservation of mangrove species and restoration of mangrove forests in SBPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Rellama Agduma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources, Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004, GuangxiChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004, GuangxiChina
- Ecology and Conservation Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan 9407, Cotabato, PhilippinesEcology and Conservation Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Southern MindanaoKabacan 9407, CotabatoPhilippines
- Environmental Conservation and Protection Center, Provincial Capitol Compound, Alabel 9501, Sarangani, PhilippinesEnvironmental Conservation and Protection Center, Provincial Capitol CompoundAlabel 9501, SaranganiPhilippines
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources, Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004, GuangxiChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004, GuangxiChina
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Jiang GF, Li SY, Dinnage R, Cao KF, Simonin KA, Roddy AB. Diverse mangroves deviate from other angiosperms in their genome size, leaf cell size and cell packing density relationships. Ann Bot 2023; 131:347-360. [PMID: 36516425 PMCID: PMC9992938 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS While genome size limits the minimum sizes and maximum numbers of cells that can be packed into a given leaf volume, mature cell sizes can be substantially larger than their meristematic precursors and vary in response to abiotic conditions. Mangroves are iconic examples of how abiotic conditions can influence the evolution of plant phenotypes. METHODS Here, we examined the coordination between genome size, leaf cell sizes, cell packing densities and leaf size in 13 mangrove species across four sites in China. Four of these species occurred at more than one site, allowing us to test the effect of climate on leaf anatomy. RESULTS We found that genome sizes of mangroves were very small compared to other angiosperms, but, like other angiosperms, mangrove cells were always larger than the minimum size defined by genome size. Increasing mean annual temperature of a growth site led to higher packing densities of veins (Dv) and stomata (Ds) and smaller epidermal cells but had no effect on stomatal size. In contrast to other angiosperms, mangroves exhibited (1) a negative relationship between guard cell size and genome size; (2) epidermal cells that were smaller than stomata; and (3) coordination between Dv and Ds that was not mediated by epidermal cell size. Furthermore, mangrove epidermal cell sizes and packing densities covaried with leaf size. CONCLUSIONS While mangroves exhibited coordination between veins and stomata and attained a maximum theoretical stomatal conductance similar to that of other angiosperms, the tissue-level tradeoffs underlying these similar relationships across species and environments were markedly different, perhaps indicative of the unique structural and physiological adaptations of mangroves to their stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Su-Yuan Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, and State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Russell Dinnage
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199USA
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, and State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Kevin A Simonin
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132USA
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Li JW, Zhou Y, Zhang ZB, Cui XQ, Li HY, Ou MJ, Cao KF, Zhang SB. Complementary water and nutrient utilization of perianth structural units help maintain long floral lifespan in Dendrobium. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:1123-1139. [PMID: 36462194 PMCID: PMC9899416 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Most orchids have high ornamental value with long-lived flowers. However, the mechanisms by which orchids maintain floral longevity are poorly understood. Here, we hypothesized that floral longevity in Dendrobium is maintained by high resource investment and complementary water and nutrient utilization in different structural units of the perianth. To test this hypothesis, we determined which water- and nutrient-related traits are correlated with flower longevity in 23 Dendrobium species or cultivars, and examined variations of the related traits during flower development of one long-lived cultivar. We found that floral longevity was correlated with dry mass per unit area of perianths and total flower biomass, which indicates that maintaining floral longevity requires increased resource investment. During development of long-lived flowers, labella showed a high capacity for water storage and nutrient reutilization, which could partly remedy high water demand and biomass investment. Sepals and petals, in contrast, had stronger desiccation avoidance and higher metabolic activity with lower biomass investment. These findings indicate that Dendrobium flowers maintain longevity by complementary water and nutrient utilization strategies in the sepals, petals and labella, with labella consuming more water and nutrients to extend flower display, and sepals and petals using a more conservative strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Zi-Bin Zhang
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Cui
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Mei-Jing Ou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
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11
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Li JW, Zhou Y, Zhang ZB, Cui XQ, Li HY, Ou MJ, Cao KF, Zhang SB. Complementary water and nutrient utilization of perianth structural units help maintain long floral lifespan in Dendrobium. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:1123-1139. [PMID: 36462194 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s4mw6m99f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Most orchids have high ornamental value with long-lived flowers. However, the mechanisms by which orchids maintain floral longevity are poorly understood. Here, we hypothesized that floral longevity in Dendrobium is maintained by high resource investment and complementary water and nutrient utilization in different structural units of the perianth. To test this hypothesis, we determined which water- and nutrient-related traits are correlated with flower longevity in 23 Dendrobium species or cultivars, and examined variations of the related traits during flower development of one long-lived cultivar. We found that floral longevity was correlated with dry mass per unit area of perianths and total flower biomass, which indicates that maintaining floral longevity requires increased resource investment. During development of long-lived flowers, labella showed a high capacity for water storage and nutrient reutilization, which could partly remedy high water demand and biomass investment. Sepals and petals, in contrast, had stronger desiccation avoidance and higher metabolic activity with lower biomass investment. These findings indicate that Dendrobium flowers maintain longevity by complementary water and nutrient utilization strategies in the sepals, petals and labella, with labella consuming more water and nutrients to extend flower display, and sepals and petals using a more conservative strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Zi-Bin Zhang
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Cui
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Mei-Jing Ou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
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12
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Guan X, Wen Y, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Cao KF. Stem hydraulic conductivity and embolism resistance of Quercus species are associated with their climatic niche. Tree Physiol 2023; 43:234-247. [PMID: 36209451 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The hydraulic traits of a plant species may reflect its climate adaptations. Southwest China is considered as a biodiversity hotpot of the genus Quercus (oak). However, the hydraulic adaptations of Asian oaks to their climate niches remain unclear. Ten common garden-grown oak species with distinct natural distributions in eastern Asia were used to determine their stem xylem embolism resistance (water potential at 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity, P50), stem hydraulic efficiency (vessel anatomy and sapwood specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks)) and leaf anatomical traits. We also compiled four key functional traits: wood density, hydraulic-weighted vessel diameter, Ks and P50 data for 31 oak species from previous literature. We analyzed the relationship between hydraulic traits and climatic factors over the native ranges of 41 oak species. Our results revealed that the 10 Asian oak species, which are mainly distributed in humid subtropical habitats, possessed a stem xylem with low embolism resistance and moderate hydraulic efficiency. The deciduous and evergreen species of the 10 Asian oaks differed in the stem and leaf traits related to hydraulic efficiency. Ks differed significantly between the two phenological groups (deciduous and evergreens) in the 41-oak dataset. No significant difference in P50 between the two groups was found for the 10 Asian oaks or the 41-oak dataset. The oak species that can distribute in arid habitats possessed a stem xylem with high embolism resistance. Ks negatively related to the humidity of the native range of the 10 Asian oaks, but showed no trend when assessing the entire global oak dataset. Our study suggests that stem hydraulic conductivity and embolism resistance in Quercus species are shaped by their climate niche. Our findings assist predictions of oak drought resistance with future climate changes for oak forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Guan
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yin Wen
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
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Aritsara ANA, Wang S, Li BN, Jiang X, Qie YD, Tan FS, Zhang QW, Cao KF. Divergent leaf and fine root "pressure-volume relationships" across habitats with varying water availability. Plant Physiol 2022; 190:2246-2259. [PMID: 36047846 PMCID: PMC9706427 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine roots and leaves, the direct interfaces of plants with their external environment along the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, are at the front line to ensure plant adaptation to their growing habitat. This study aimed to compare the vulnerability to water deficit of fine roots and leaves of woody species from karst and mangrove forests-two water-stressed habitats-against that of timber and ornamental woody species grown in a well-watered common garden. Thus, pressure-volume curves in both organs of 37 species (about 12 species from each habitat) were constructed. Fine roots wilted at a less negative water potential than leaves in 32 species and before branch xylem lost 50% of its hydraulic conductivity in the 17 species with available data on branch xylem embolism resistance. Thus, turgor loss in fine roots can act as a hydraulic fuse mechanism against water stress. Mangroves had higher leaf resistance against wilting and lower leaf-specific area than the karst and common garden plants. Their fine roots had high specific root lengths (SRL) and high capacitance to buffer water stress. Karst species had high leaf bulk modulus, low leaf capacitance, and delayed fine root wilting. This study showed the general contribution of fine roots to the protection of the whole plant against underground water stress. Our findings highlight the importance of water storage in the leaves and fine roots of mangrove species and high tolerance to water deficit in the leaves of mangrove species and the fine roots of some karst species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Ny Aina Aritsara
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bei-Ni Li
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Office of Scientific Research and Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ya-Dong Qie
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Feng-Sen Tan
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qi-Wei Zhang
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Meng YY, Xiang W, Wen Y, Huang DL, Cao KF, Zhu SD. Correlations between leaf economics, mechanical resistance and drought tolerance across 41 cycad species. Ann Bot 2022; 130:345-354. [PMID: 34871356 PMCID: PMC9486883 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the functional traits of leaves (leaflets) of cycads. The aim of this study was to clarify the functional divergence between the earlier origin Cycadaceae and the later differentiated Zamiaceae, and the differences in trait associations between cycads and angiosperms. METHODS We selected 20 Cycadaceae species and 21 Zamiaceae species from the same cycad garden in South China, and measured their leaf structure, economic traits, mechanical resistance (Fp) and leaf water potential at the turgor loss point (πtlp). In addition, we compiled a dataset of geographical distribution along with climatic variables for these cycad species, and some leaf traits of tropical-sub-tropical angiosperm woody species from the literature for comparison. KEY RESULTS The results showed significantly contrasting leaf trait syndromes between the two families, with Zamiaceae species exhibiting thicker leaves, higher carbon investments and greater Fp than Cycadaceae species. Leaf thickness (LT) and πtlp were correlated with mean climatic variables in their native distribution ranges, indicating their evolutionary adaptation to environmental conditions. Compared with the leaves of angiosperms, the cycad leaves were thicker and tougher, and more tolerant to desiccation. Greater Fp was associated with a higher structural investment in both angiosperms and cycads; however, cycads showed lower Fp at a given leaf mass per area or LT than angiosperms. Enhancement of Fp led to more negative πtlp in angiosperms, but the opposite trend was observed in cycads. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that variations in leaf traits of cycads are mainly influenced by taxonomy and the environment of their native range. We also demonstrate similar leaf functional associations in terms of economics, but different relationships with regard to mechanics and drought tolerance between cycads and angiosperms. This study expands our understanding of the ecological strategies and likely responses of cycads to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dong-Liu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Goodale E, Mammides C, Mtemi W, Chen YF, Barthakur R, Goodale UM, Jiang A, Liu J, Malhotra S, Meegaskumbura M, Pandit MK, Qiu G, Xu J, Cao KF, Bawa KS. Increasing collaboration between China and India in the environmental sciences to foster global sustainability. Ambio 2022; 51:1474-1484. [PMID: 34962639 PMCID: PMC8713148 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As the two largest countries by population, China and India have pervasive effects on the ecosphere. Because of their human population size and long international boundary, they share biodiversity and the threats to it, as well as crops, pests and diseases. We ranked the two countries on a variety of environmental challenges and solutions, illustrating quantitatively their environmental footprint and the parallels between them regarding the threats to their human populations and biodiversity. Yet we show that China and India continue to have few co-authorships in environmental publications, even as their major funding for scientific research has expanded. An agenda for collaboration between China and India can start with the shared Himalaya, linking the countries' scientists and institutions. A broader agenda can then be framed around environmental challenges that have regional patterns. Coordinated and collaborative research has the potential to improve the two countries' environmental performance, with implications for global sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eben Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Christos Mammides
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
- Nature Conservation Unit, Frederick University, 7, Yianni Frederickou Street, Pallouriotissa, 1036 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Wambura Mtemi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - You-Fang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Ranjit Barthakur
- Balipara Foundation, A1 Navin Enclave, Mother Teresa Road, Guwahati, Assam 781021 India
| | - Uromi Manage Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Aiwu Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823 USA
| | - Saurav Malhotra
- Balipara Foundation, A1 Navin Enclave, Mother Teresa Road, Guwahati, Assam 781021 India
| | - Madhava Meegaskumbura
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Maharaj K. Pandit
- Department of Environmental Studies, and Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability, Institution of Eminence, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Guangle Qiu
- Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Linchenxilu 99, Guiyang, 550081 Guizhou China
| | - Jianchu Xu
- Kunming Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Kamaljit S. Bawa
- ATREE, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064 India
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16
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Song J, Trueba S, Yin XH, Cao KF, Brodribb TJ, Hao GY. Hydraulic vulnerability segmentation in compound-leaved trees: Evidence from an embolism visualization technique. Plant Physiol 2022; 189:204-214. [PMID: 35099552 PMCID: PMC9070814 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The hydraulic vulnerability segmentation (HVS) hypothesis implies the existence of differences in embolism resistance between plant organs along the xylem pathway and has been suggested as an adaptation allowing the differential preservation of more resource-rich tissues during drought stress. Compound leaves in trees are considered a low-cost means of increasing leaf area and may thus be expected to show evidence of strong HVS, given the tendency of compound-leaved tree species to shed their leaf units during drought. However, the existence and role of HVS in compound-leaved tree species during drought remain uncertain. We used an optical visualization technique to estimate embolism occurrence in stems, petioles, and leaflets of shoots in two compound-leaved tree species, Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica) and Manchurian walnut (Juglans mandshurica). We found higher (less negative) water potentials corresponding to 50% loss of conductivity (P50) in leaflets and petioles than in stems in both species. Overall, we observed a consistent pattern of stem > petiole > leaflet in terms of xylem resistance to embolism and hydraulic safety margins (i.e. the difference between mid-day water potential and P50). The coordinated variation in embolism vulnerability between organs suggests that during drought conditions, trees benefit from early embolism and subsequent shedding of more expendable organs such as leaflets and petioles, as this provides a degree of protection to the integrity of the hydraulic system of the more carbon costly stems. Our results highlight the importance of HVS as an adaptive mechanism of compound-leaved trees to withstand drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management & Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality Liaoning Province, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Yangtze River Delta National Observatory of Wetland Ecosystem, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Santiago Trueba
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Xiao-Han Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management & Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality Liaoning Province, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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17
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Yan L, Sunoj VSJ, Short AW, Lambers H, Elsheery NI, Kajita T, Wee AKS, Cao KF. Correlations between allocation to foliar phosphorus fractions and maintenance of photosynthetic integrity in six mangrove populations as affected by chilling. New Phytol 2021; 232:2267-2282. [PMID: 34610157 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chilling restrains the distribution of mangroves. We tested whether foliar phosphorus (P) fractions and gene expression are associated with cold tolerance in mangrove species. We exposed seedlings of six mangrove populations from different latitudes to favorable, chilling and recovery treatments, and measured their foliar P concentrations and fractions, photochemistry, nighttime respiration, and gene expression. A Kandelia obovata (KO; 26.45°N) population completely and a Bruguiera gymnorhiza (Guangxi) (BGG; 21.50°N) population partially (30%) survived chilling. Avicennia marina (24.29°N), and other B. gymnorhiza (26.66°N, 24.40°N, and 19.62°N) populations died after chilling. Photosystems of KO and photosystem I of BGG were least injured. During chilling, leaf P fractions, except nucleic acid P in three populations, declined and photoinhibition and nighttime respiration increased in all populations, with the greatest impact in B. gymnorhiza. Leaf nucleic acid P was positively correlated with photochemical efficiency during recovery and nighttime respiration across populations for each treatment. Relatively high concentrations of nucleic acid P and metabolite P were associated with stronger chilling tolerance in KO. Bruguiera gymnorhiza exhibited relatively low concentrations of organic P in favorable and chilling conditions, but its partially survived population showed stronger compensation in nucleic acid P and Pi concentrations and gene expression during recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - V S John Sunoj
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Aidan W Short
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Nabil I Elsheery
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Agriculture Botany Department, Tanta University, Tanta, 72513, Egypt
| | - Tadashi Kajita
- Iriomote Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Uehara, Yaeyama, Taketomi, Okinawa, 907-1541, Japan
| | - Alison K S Wee
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, 43500, Malaysia
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
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18
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Fang C, Chen H, Castillo-Díaz D, Wen B, Cao KF, Goodale UM. Regeneration and Endogenous Phytohormone Responses to High-Temperature Stress Drive Recruitment Success in Hemiepiphytic Fig Species. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:754207. [PMID: 34912356 PMCID: PMC8666629 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.754207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to high-temperature stress (HTS) during early regeneration in plants can profoundly shape seed germination, seedling growth, and development, thereby providing stress resilience. In this study, we assessed how the timing of HTS, which was implemented as 8 h in 40°C, could affect the early regeneration stages and phytohormone concentration of four hemiepiphytic (Hs) and four non-hemiepiphytic (NHs) Ficus species. Their seed germination, seedling emergence, and seedling survival probabilities and the concentrations of three endogenous phytohormones, abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and salicylic acid (SA) were assessed after HTS imposed during imbibition, germination, and emergence. In both groups, seeds were more sensitive to HTS in the early regeneration process; stress experienced during imbibition affected emergence and survival, and stress experienced during germination affected subsequent emergence. There was no effect from HTS when received after emergence. Survival was highest in hemiepiphytes regardless of the HTS treatment. The phytohormones showed growth form- and regeneration stage-specific responses to HTS. Due to the HTS treatment, both SA and ABA levels decreased in non-hemiepiphytes during imbibition and germination; during germination, IAA increased in hemiepiphytes but was reduced in non-hemiepiphytes. Due to the HTS treatment experienced during emergence ABA and IAA concentrations were greater for hemiepiphytes but an opposite effect was seen in the two growth forms for the SA concentration. Our study showed that the two growth forms have different strategies for regulating their growth and development in the early regeneration stages in order to respond to HTS. The ability to respond to HTS is an ecologically important functional trait that allows plant species to appropriately time their seed germination and seedling development. Flexibility in modulating species regeneration in response to HTS in these subtropical and tropical Ficus species could provide greater community resilience under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangwei Fang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Huayang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Seed Conservation Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Diana Castillo-Díaz
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Seed Conservation Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Bin Wen
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Uromi Manage Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Seed Conservation Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland
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19
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Chen YJ, Choat B, Sterck F, Maenpuen P, Katabuchi M, Zhang SB, Tomlinson KW, Oliveira RS, Zhang YJ, Shen JX, Cao KF, Jansen S. Hydraulic prediction of drought-induced plant dieback and top-kill depends on leaf habit and growth form. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2350-2363. [PMID: 34409716 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic failure caused by severe drought contributes to aboveground dieback and whole-plant death. The extent to which dieback or whole-plant death can be predicted by plant hydraulic traits has rarely been tested among species with different leaf habits and/or growth forms. We investigated 19 hydraulic traits in 40 woody species in a tropical savanna and their potential correlations with drought response during an extreme drought event during the El Niño-Southern Oscillation in 2015. Plant hydraulic trait variation was partitioned substantially by leaf habit but not growth form along a trade-off axis between traits that support drought tolerance versus avoidance. Semi-deciduous species and shrubs had the highest branch dieback and top-kill (complete aboveground death) among the leaf habits or growth forms. Dieback and top-kill were well explained by combining hydraulic traits with leaf habit and growth form, suggesting integrating life history traits with hydraulic traits will yield better predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China.,Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China.,Yuanjiang Savanna Ecosystem Research Station, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuanjiang, Yunnan, China.,Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Brendan Choat
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frank Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Phisamai Maenpuen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Masatoshi Katabuchi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Shu-Bin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China.,Yuanjiang Savanna Ecosystem Research Station, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuanjiang, Yunnan, China
| | - Kyle W Tomlinson
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, CP6109, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yong-Jiang Zhang
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Jing-Xian Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China.,Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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20
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Wang YQ, Ni MY, Zeng WH, Huang DL, Xiang W, He PC, Ye Q, Cao KF, Zhu SD. Co-ordination between leaf biomechanical resistance and hydraulic safety across 30 sub-tropical woody species. Ann Bot 2021; 128:183-191. [PMID: 33930116 PMCID: PMC8324032 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Leaf biomechanical resistance protects leaves from biotic and abiotic damage. Previous studies have revealed that enhancing leaf biomechanical resistance is costly for plant species and leads to an increase in leaf drought tolerance. We thus predicted that there is a functional correlation between leaf hydraulic safety and biomechanical characteristics. METHODS We measured leaf morphological and anatomical traits, pressure-volume parameters, maximum leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf-max), leaf water potential at 50 % loss of hydraulic conductance (P50leaf), leaf hydraulic safety margin (SMleaf), and leaf force to tear (Ft) and punch (Fp) of 30 co-occurring woody species in a sub-tropical evergreen broadleaved forest. Linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationships between biomechanical resistance and other leaf hydraulic traits. KEY RESULTS We found that higher Ft and Fp values were significantly associated with a lower (more negative) P50leaf and a larger SMleaf, thereby confirming the correlation between leaf biomechanical resistance and hydraulic safety. However, leaf biomechanical resistance showed no correlation with Kleaf-max, although it was significantly and negatively correlated with leaf outside-xylem hydraulic conductance. In addition, we also found that there was a significant correlation between biomechanical resistance and the modulus of elasticity by excluding an outlier. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study reveal leaf biomechanical-hydraulic safety correlation in sub-tropical woody species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dong-Liu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Peng-Cheng He
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shi-Dan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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21
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Guan X, Pereira L, McAdam SAM, Cao KF, Jansen S. No gas source, no problem: Proximity to pre-existing embolism and segmentation affect embolism spreading in angiosperm xylem by gas diffusion. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:1329-1345. [PMID: 33529382 DOI: 10.22541/au.159674582.24283294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Embolism spreading in dehydrating angiosperm xylem is driven by gas movement between embolized and sap-filled conduits. Here we examine how the proximity to pre-existing embolism and hydraulic segmentation affect embolism propagation. Based on the optical method, we compare xylem embolism resistance between detached leaves and leaves attached to branches, and between intact leaves and leaves with cut minor veins, for six species. Embolism resistance of detached leaves was significantly lower than that of leaves attached to stems, except for two species, with all vessels ending in their petioles. Cutting of minor veins showed limited embolism spreading in minor veins near the cuts prior to major veins. Moreover, despite strong agreement in the overall embolism resistance of detached leaves between the optical and pneumatic method, minor differences were observed during early stages of embolism formation. We conclude that embolism resistance may represent a relative trait due to an open-xylem artefact, with embolism spreading possibly affected by the proximity and connectivity to pre-existing embolism as a gas source, while hydraulic segmentation prevents such artefact. Since embolism formation may not rely on a certain pressure difference threshold between functional and embolized conduits, we speculate that embolism is facilitated by pressure-driven gas diffusion across pit membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Guan
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Luciano Pereira
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology "Coaracy M. Franco", Center R&D in Ecophysiology and Biophysics, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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22
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Guan X, Pereira L, McAdam SAM, Cao KF, Jansen S. No gas source, no problem: Proximity to pre-existing embolism and segmentation affect embolism spreading in angiosperm xylem by gas diffusion. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:1329-1345. [PMID: 33529382 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Embolism spreading in dehydrating angiosperm xylem is driven by gas movement between embolized and sap-filled conduits. Here we examine how the proximity to pre-existing embolism and hydraulic segmentation affect embolism propagation. Based on the optical method, we compare xylem embolism resistance between detached leaves and leaves attached to branches, and between intact leaves and leaves with cut minor veins, for six species. Embolism resistance of detached leaves was significantly lower than that of leaves attached to stems, except for two species, with all vessels ending in their petioles. Cutting of minor veins showed limited embolism spreading in minor veins near the cuts prior to major veins. Moreover, despite strong agreement in the overall embolism resistance of detached leaves between the optical and pneumatic method, minor differences were observed during early stages of embolism formation. We conclude that embolism resistance may represent a relative trait due to an open-xylem artefact, with embolism spreading possibly affected by the proximity and connectivity to pre-existing embolism as a gas source, while hydraulic segmentation prevents such artefact. Since embolism formation may not rely on a certain pressure difference threshold between functional and embolized conduits, we speculate that embolism is facilitated by pressure-driven gas diffusion across pit membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Guan
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Luciano Pereira
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology "Coaracy M. Franco", Center R&D in Ecophysiology and Biophysics, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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23
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Hayyat MU, Siddiq Z, Mahmood R, Khan AU, Cao KF. Limestone Quarry Waste Promotes the Growth of Two Native Woody Angiosperms. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.637833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limestone quarrying is an active mining practices generating bulk of solid remains and altering the habitat by the removal of plants; however, the utilization of such waste for the growth of plants has not been investigated much. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of limestone quarry waste on the growth of two native plants by analyzing its physicochemical properties and utility for plantation purposes, while determining whether mitigation measures would be required for the habitat restoration of quarry site. Two species, Acacia modesta and Adhatoda vasica were selected from the quarry site habitat. These plants were grown in different proportions of quarry waste, and garden soil was used as a control. Growth was assessed by recording plant height, number of branches per plant, root and shoot length, and total biomass. We also analyzed the N, P, K, Na, Ca, and Mg contents of the root and shoot tissues of both species. We found a significant increase in plant height (1.24- and 1.19-fold greater than controls for A. modesta and A. vasica, respectively). Differences in the number branches, root, shoot length, and biomass were also found. A significant and positive relationship was found between the mineral content in roots and the total plant biomass across both species. We conclude that (1) the mining solid waste contained the necessary minerals for the studied plant species and no amelioration would be required for restoration of such sites with the selected indigenous plants; and (2) the quarry waste promoted the growth of the two selected species. The results of the present study can be used to plan habitat restoration in limestone mining areas that have lost plant cover.
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24
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Chen H, Geekiyanage N, Wen B, Cao KF, Goodale UM. Regeneration responses to water and temperature stress drive recruitment success in hemiepiphytic fig species. Tree Physiol 2021; 41:358-370. [PMID: 33238308 PMCID: PMC7948827 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms for surviving water and temperature stress in epiphytes are essential adaptations for successful regeneration in forest canopies. Hemiepiphytes start their life cycle as epiphytes, eventually establishing aerial root connections to the ground. This strategy allows for greater light capture, while benefitting from minimized risk of fire, flooding and damage by terrestrial herbivores, but exposes the vulnerable seedling stage to heat and drought stress. However, the response to temperature and water stress during early regeneration in hemiepiphytes is not known. In this study, we tested the effect of temperature (15/5, 25/15 and 35/25 °C; day/night diurnal variation) and water availability, as substrate moisture (0.00, -0.20 and -0.35 MPa) and water vapor (18.5-99.5% relative humidity), on seed germination, seedling emergence and survival in six hemiepiphytic and nine non-hemiepiphytic Ficus species. Under high-temperature conditions (35/25 °C), hemiepiphytes had higher gemination and seedling survival, achieved peak germination slower and extended germination. Greater water stress (-0.35 MPa) in the growth substrate resulted in higher germination of non-hemiepiphytes; hemiepiphytes, in contrast, took a shorter time to complete germination, but had higher seedling emergence and survival. Hemiepiphytes germinated at 99.5% relative humidity more readily compared with non-hemiepiphytes. These findings provide the first comprehensive evidence that hemiepiphytic Ficus species are better adapted to drier and warmer conditions during the critical transition from seed to seedling. Through greater flexibility in achieving peak germination and duration of regeneration activity, hemiepiphytes modulate their recruitment process to be more resilient under abiotic stressors. This may allow them to be more successful in regenerating in forest canopies under ambient conditions that are transient. These results support previous work showing greater drought tolerance of hemiepiphytic Ficus species in larger size classes and extend this finding to show that physiological adaptations for drought and heat tolerance start from the early seedling emergence stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004 China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004 China
- Seed Conservation Specialist Group, International Union for Conservation of Nature
| | - Nalaka Geekiyanage
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura 50000 Sri Lanka
| | - Bin Wen
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004 China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004 China
| | - Uromi Manage Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004 China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004 China
- Seed Conservation Specialist Group, International Union for Conservation of Nature
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Mathur S, Sunoj VSJ, Elsheery NI, Reddy VR, Jajoo A, Cao KF. Regulation of Photosystem II Heterogeneity and Photochemistry in Two Cultivars of C 4 Crop Sugarcane Under Chilling Stress. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:627012. [PMID: 33643354 PMCID: PMC7902769 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.627012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In subtropical regions, chilling stress is one of the major constraints for sugarcane cultivation, which hampers yield and sugar production. Two recently released sugarcane cultivars, moderately chilling tolerant Guitang 49 and chilling tolerant Guitang 28, were selected. The experiments were conducted in the controlled environment, and seedlings were exposed to optimum (25°C/15°C), chilling (10°C/5°C), and recovery (25°C/15°C) temperature conditions. PSII heterogeneity was studied in terms of reducing side and antenna size heterogeneity. Under chilling, reducing side heterogeneity resulted in increased number of QB non-reducing centers, whereas antenna side heterogeneity resulted in enhanced number of inactive β centers in both cultivars, but the magnitude of change was higher in Guitang 49 than Guitang 28. Furthermore, in both cultivars, quantum efficiency of PSII, status of water splitting complex, and performance index were adversely affected by chilling, along with reduction in net photosynthesis rate and nighttime respiration and alterations in leaf optical properties. The extents of negative effect on these parameters were larger in Guitang 49 than in Guitang 28. These results reveal a clear differentiation in PSII heterogeneity between differentially chilling tolerant cultivars. Based on our studies, it is concluded that PSII heterogeneity can be used as an additional non-invasive and novel technique for evaluating any type of environmental stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Mathur
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India
- Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-AgriculturalResearch Service (USDA-ARS), Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Valiaparambil Sebastian John Sunoj
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Nabil Ibrahim Elsheery
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Vangimalla R. Reddy
- Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-AgriculturalResearch Service (USDA-ARS), Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
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Aritsara ANA, Razakandraibe VM, Ramananantoandro T, Gleason SM, Cao KF. Increasing axial parenchyma fraction in the Malagasy Magnoliids facilitated the co-optimisation of hydraulic efficiency and safety. New Phytol 2021; 229:1467-1480. [PMID: 32981106 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of angiosperms was accompanied by the segregation and specialisation of their xylem tissues. This study aimed to determine whether the fraction and arrangement of parenchyma tissue influence the hydraulic efficiency-safety trade-off in the basal angiosperms. We examined xylem anatomical structure and hydraulic functioning of 28 woody species of Magnoliids in a tropical rainforest of Madagascar and reported, for the first time, quantitative measurements that support the relationship between vessel-to-xylem parenchyma connectivity and the hydraulic efficiency-safety trade-off. We also introduced a new measurement - the distance of species from the trade-off limit - to quantify the co-optimisation of hydraulic efficiency and safety. Although the basal angiosperms in this study had low hydraulic conductivity and safety, species with higher axial parenchyma fraction (APf) had significantly higher hydraulic conductivity. Hydraulic efficiency-safety optimisation was accompanied by higher APf and vessel-to-axial parenchyma connectivity. Conversely, species exhibiting high ray parenchyma fraction and high vessel-to-ray connectivity had lower Ks and were further away from the hydraulic trade-off limit line. Our results provide evidence that axial parenchyma fraction and paratracheal arrangement are associated with both enhanced hydraulic efficiency and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Ny Aina Aritsara
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences du Bois, Département Foresterie et Environnement, Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Antananarivo, BP 175, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
| | - Vonjisoa M Razakandraibe
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences du Bois, Département Foresterie et Environnement, Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Antananarivo, BP 175, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
| | - Tahiana Ramananantoandro
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences du Bois, Département Foresterie et Environnement, Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Antananarivo, BP 175, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
| | - Sean M Gleason
- Water Management and Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Yan CL, Ni MY, Cao KF, Zhu SD. Leaf hydraulic safety margin and safety-efficiency trade-off across angiosperm woody species. Biol Lett 2020; 16:20200456. [PMID: 33202185 PMCID: PMC7728672 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf hydraulic conductance and the vulnerability to water deficits have profound effects on plant distribution and mortality. In this study, we compiled a leaf hydraulic trait dataset with 311 species-at-site combinations from biomes worldwide. These traits included maximum leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf), water potential at 50% loss of Kleaf (P50leaf), and minimum leaf water potential (Ψmin). Leaf hydraulic safety margin (HSMleaf) was calculated as the difference between Ψmin and P50leaf. Our results indicated that 70% of the studied species had a narrow HSMleaf (less than 1 MPa), which was consistent with the global pattern of stem hydraulic safety margin. There was a positive relationship between HSMleaf and aridity index (the ratio of mean annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration), as species from humid sites tended to have larger HSMleaf. We found a significant relationship between Kleaf and P50leaf across global angiosperm woody species and within each of the different plant groups. This global analysis of leaf hydraulic traits improves our understanding of plant hydraulic response to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Long Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Daxuedong Road 10 0, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Resource Recycling, Wuzhou University, Fuminsan Road 82, Wuzhou, Guangxi 543000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yuan Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Daxuedong Road 10 0, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Daxuedong Road 10 0, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Dan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Daxuedong Road 10 0, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
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Wen Y, Zhao WL, Cao KF. Global convergence in the balance between leaf water supply and demand across vascular land plants. Funct Plant Biol 2020; 47:904-911. [PMID: 32635988 DOI: 10.1071/fp19101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coordination between the density of veins (water supply) and stomata (demand for water) has been found in the leaves of modern angiosperms and also in ferns. This suggests that this coordinated development is not a unique adaptation of derived angiosperms that enables their high productivity. To test this, we compiled leaf vein and stomatal density data from 520 land vascular plant species including derived angiosperms, basal angiosperms, gymnosperms and ferns. We found global coordination across vascular land plants, although the relationships were not significant in gymnosperms and vessel-less angiosperms. By comparing the evolution of xylem conduit elements with variation in the density of veins and stomata and theoretical stomatal conductance among plant lineages, we found that the physiological advantage of modern angiosperms is associated with the emergence of xylem with low intraconduit resistance and leaves with high vein and stomata densities. Thus our results indicate two major events associated with surges in xylem hydraulic capacity in angiosperms: (1) the origin of vessels and (2) the emergence of vessels with simple perforation plates, which diminished physical limitations on stomatal conductance. These evolutionary innovations may have enabled derived angiosperms to be more productive and adaptive to the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wen
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Wan-Li Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, China; and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; and Corresponding author.
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Bawa KS, Goodale E, Mtemi W, Chen YF, Barthakur R, Goodale UM, Liu J, Jiang A, Mammides C, Meegaskumbura M, Pandit MK, Cao KF. China and India: Toward a sustainable world. Science 2020; 369:515. [PMID: 32732415 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd4723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamaljit S Bawa
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA.,Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Eben Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi, China.
| | - Wambura Mtemi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi, China
| | - You-Fang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi, China
| | | | - Uromi Manage Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Aiwu Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi, China
| | - Christos Mammides
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi, China
| | - Madhava Meegaskumbura
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi, China
| | - Maharaj K Pandit
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi, China
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Elsheery NI, Sunoj VSJ, Wen Y, Zhu JJ, Muralidharan G, Cao KF. Foliar application of nanoparticles mitigates the chilling effect on photosynthesis and photoprotection in sugarcane. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 149:50-60. [PMID: 32035252 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chilling is one of the main abiotic stresses that adversely affect the productivity of sugarcane, in marginal tropical regions where chilling incidence occurs with seasonal changes. However, nanoparticles (NPs) have been tested as a mitigation strategy against diverse abiotic stresses. In this study, NPs such as silicon dioxide (nSiO2; 5-15 nm), zinc oxide (nZnO; <100 nm), selenium (nSe; 100 mesh), graphene (graphene nanoribbons [GNRs] alkyl functionalized; 2-15 μm × 40-250 nm) were applied as foliar sprays on sugarcane leaves to understand the amelioration effect of NPs against negative impact of chilling stress on photosynthesis and photoprotection. To this end, seedlings of moderately chilling tolerant sugarcane variety Guitang 49 was used for current study and spilt plot was used as statistical design. The changes in the level chilling tolerance after the application of NPs on Guitang 49 were compared with tolerance level of chilling tolerant variety Guitang 28. NPs treatments reduced the adverse effects of chilling by maintaining the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), maximum photo-oxidizable PSI (Pm), and photosynthetic gas exchange. Furthermore, application of NPs increased the content of light harvesting pigments (chlorophylls and cartinoids) in NPs treated seedlings. Higher carotenoid accumulation in leaves of NPs treated seedlings enhanced the nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of PSII. Among the NPs, nSiO2 showed higher amelioration effects and it can be used alone or in combination with other NPs to mitigate chilling stress in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil I Elsheery
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China; Department of Agricultural Botany, Tanta University, Tanta, 72513, Egypt
| | - V S J Sunoj
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Y Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - J J Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - G Muralidharan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - K F Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China.
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Li S, Hao GY, Niinemets Ü, Harley PC, Wanke S, Lens F, Zhang YJ, Cao KF. The effects of intervessel pit characteristics on xylem hydraulic efficiency and photosynthesis in hemiepiphytic and non-hemiepiphytic Ficus species. Physiol Plant 2019; 167:661-675. [PMID: 30637766 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Xylem vulnerability to cavitation and hydraulic efficiency are directly linked to fine-scale bordered pit features in water-conducting cells of vascular plants. However, it is unclear how pit characteristics influence water transport and carbon economy in tropical species. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate functional implications of changes in pit characteristics for water relations and photosynthetic traits in tropical Ficus species with different growth forms (i.e. hemiepiphytic and non-hemiepiphytic) grown under common conditions. Intervessel pit characteristics were measured using scanning electron microscopy in five hemiepiphytic and five non-hemiepiphytic Ficus species to determine whether these traits were related to hydraulics, leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and wood density. Ficus species varied greatly in intervessel pit structure, hydraulic conductivity and leaf physiology, and clear differences were observed between the two growth forms. The area and diameter of pit aperture were negatively correlated with sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity, mass-based net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance (gs ), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci ) and the petiole vessel lumen diameters (Dv ), but positively correlated with wood density. Pit morphology was only negatively correlated with sapwood- and leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity and Dv . Pit density was positively correlated with gs , Ci and Dv , but negatively with intrinsic leaf water-use efficiency. Pit and pit aperture shape were not significantly correlated with any of the physiological traits. These findings indicate a significant role of pit characteristics in xylem water transport, carbon assimilation and ecophysiological adaptation of Ficus species in tropical rain forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Guang-You Hao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Peter C Harley
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Stefan Wanke
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Frederic Lens
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, PO Box 9517, 2300RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yong-Jiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
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Fu PL, Zhu SD, Zhang JL, Finnegan PM, Jiang YJ, Lin H, Fan ZX, Cao KF. The contrasting leaf functional traits between a karst forest and a nearby non-karst forest in south-west China. Funct Plant Biol 2019; 46:907-915. [PMID: 31239029 DOI: 10.1071/fp19103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Karst and non-karst forests occur in the same region in south-west China, but the soil water and mineral nutrients availability are different between the forests. Our hypothesis was that the leaves of karst trees would be better adapted to dry, nutrient-poor conditions than those of trees in a nearby non-karst forest. We compared the gas exchange, anatomical characteristics and mineral nutrient concentrations in leaves from 21 tree species in a tropical karst forest and 19 species in a nearby non-karst forest in south-west China. We found that the leaves of karst trees had higher P concentrations, photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency, and greater adaxial and abaxial epidermis thickness than leaves of non-karst forest trees. Evergreen and deciduous trees differed more significantly in leaf functional traits in the karst forest than in the non-karst forest. The leaf palisade:spongy mesophyll thickness ratio was positively correlated with stomatal conductance and negatively correlated with photosynthetic water use efficiency in the karst forest but not in the non-karst forest. Our findings indicate that karst forest trees are more conservative in water use, whereas soil P deficiency could be a major limiting factor for the growth of non-karst forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Li Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China; and Ailaoshan Station of Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jingdong, Yunnan, 676209, China; and Corresponding author.
| | - Shi-Dan Zhu
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Patrick M Finnegan
- School of Biological Sciences (M084), Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yan-Juan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Hua Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China; and Ailaoshan Station of Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jingdong, Yunnan, 676209, China
| | - Ze-Xin Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China; and Ailaoshan Station of Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jingdong, Yunnan, 676209, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
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Wen Y, Qin DW, Leng B, Zhu YF, Cao KF. The physiological cold tolerance of warm-climate plants is correlated with their latitudinal range limit. Biol Lett 2019; 14:rsbl.2018.0277. [PMID: 30158139 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are moving poleward and upward in response to climate warming. However, such movements lag behind the expanding warming front for many reasons, including the impediment of plant movement caused by unusual cold events. In this study, we measured the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) in 101 warm-climate angiosperm species to assess their cold tolerance at the end of a severe chilling period of 49 days in a southern subtropical region (Nanning) in China. We found that 36 of the 101 species suffered from chilling-induced physiological injury, with predawn Fv/Fm values of less than 0.7. There was a significant exponential relationship between the predawn Fv/Fm and northern latitudinal limit of a species; species with a lower latitudinal limit suffered more. Our results suggest that the range limits of warm-climate plants are potentially influenced by their physiological sensitivity to chilling temperatures and that their poleward movement might be impeded by extreme cold events. The quick measurement of Fv/Fm is useful for assessing the cold tolerance of plants, providing valuable information for modelling species range shifts under changing climate conditions and species selection for horticultural management and urban landscape design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wen
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Wen Qin
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Leng
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Fei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan Province 666303, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China .,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
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Zhu SD, Li RH, He PC, Siddiq Z, Cao KF, Ye Q. Large branch and leaf hydraulic safety margins in subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest. Tree Physiol 2019; 39:1405-1415. [PMID: 30901055 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a global biodiversity hotspot, the subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest (SEBF) in southern China is strongly influenced by the humid monsoon climate, with distinct hot-wet and cool-dry seasons. However, the hydraulic strategies of this forest are not well understood. Branch and leaf hydraulic safety margins (HSMbranch and HSMleaf, respectively), as well as seasonal changes in predawn and midday leaf water potential (Ψpd and Ψmd), stomatal conductance (Gs), leaf to sapwood area ratio (AL/AS) and turgor loss point (Ψtlp), were examined for woody species in a mature SEBF. For comparison, we compiled these traits of tropical dry forests (TDFs) and Mediterranean-type woodlands (MWs) from the literature because they experience a hot-dry season. We found that on average, SEBF showed larger HSMbranch and HSMleaf than TDF and MW. During the dry season, TDF and MW species displayed a significant decrease in Ψpd and Ψmd. However, SEBF species showed a slight decrease in Ψpd but an increase in Ψmd. Similar to TDF and MW species, Gs was substantially lower in the dry season for SEBF species, but this might be primarily because of the low atmospheric temperature (low vapor pressure deficit). On the other hand, AL/AS and Ψtlp were not significant different between seasons for any SEBF species. Most SEBF species had leaves that were more resistant to cavitation than branches. Additionally, species with stronger leaf-to-branch vulnerability segmentation tended to have smaller HSMleaf but larger HSMbranch. Our results suggest that SEBF is at low hydraulic risk under the current climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Dan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Daxuedong Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedong Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rong-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng-Cheng He
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zafar Siddiq
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Katchery Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Daxuedong Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedong Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Siddiq Z, Zhang YJ, Zhu SD, Cao KF. Canopy water status and photosynthesis of tropical trees are associated with trunk sapwood hydraulic properties. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 139:724-730. [PMID: 31055133 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tree trunks not only provide physical support for canopy leaves but also supply and store water for transpiration. However, the relationships between trunk hydraulic properties and canopy leaf physiology in tropical trees are not well-understood. In this study we concurrently measured morning and midday canopy leaf photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and leaf water potentials (ΨL) in 40 tropical trees representing 14 species at the beginning of the rainy season in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. We also measured trunk sapwood capacitance (C), wood density, and sap flux density to assess their association with canopy leaf physiology. Among the 14 studied species, only three and four species did not show a significant midday reduction in A and gs respectively. The diurnally maximum A and gs were significantly positively related to sapwood hydraulic capacitance, maximum sap flux density (midday), and sap flux density at 11:00. Those species with lower wood density and higher C showed a lower reduction in ΨL at midday, whereas, species with high C, and large values of maximum sap flux density also showed high carbon assimilation at midday. Our results provide new insights into the close coordination between canopy physiology and trunk sapwood hydraulic properties in tropical trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Siddiq
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, China; Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Zhang
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Shi-Dan Zhu
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
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37
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Klepsch M, Zhang Y, Kotowska MM, Lamarque LJ, Nolf M, Schuldt B, Torres-Ruiz JM, Qin DW, Choat B, Delzon S, Scoffoni C, Cao KF, Jansen S. Is xylem of angiosperm leaves less resistant to embolism than branches? Insights from microCT, hydraulics, and anatomy. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:5611-5623. [PMID: 30184113 PMCID: PMC6255699 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
According to the hydraulic vulnerability segmentation hypothesis, leaves are more vulnerable to decline of hydraulic conductivity than branches, but whether stem xylem is more embolism resistant than leaves remains unclear. Drought-induced embolism resistance of leaf xylem was investigated based on X-ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) for Betula pendula, Laurus nobilis, and Liriodendron tulipifera, excluding outside-xylem, and compared with hydraulic vulnerability curves for branch xylem. Moreover, bordered pit characters related to embolism resistance were investigated for both organs. Theoretical P50 values (i.e. the xylem pressure corresponding to 50% loss of hydraulic conductance) of leaves were generally within the same range as hydraulic P50 values of branches. P50 values of leaves were similar to branches for L. tulipifera (-2.01 versus -2.10 MPa, respectively), more negative for B. pendula (-2.87 versus -1.80 MPa), and less negative for L. nobilis (-6.4 versus -9.2 MPa). Despite more narrow conduits in leaves than branches, mean interconduit pit membrane thickness was similar in both organs, but significantly higher in leaves of B. pendula than in branches. This case study indicates that xylem shows a largely similar embolism resistance across leaves and branches, although differences both within and across organs may occur, suggesting interspecific variation with regard to the hydraulic vulnerability segmentation hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Klepsch
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ya Zhang
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martyna M Kotowska
- Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laurent J Lamarque
- BIOGECO, INRA, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- EGFV, INRA, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Markus Nolf
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle, Göttingen, Germany
| | - José M Torres-Ruiz
- BIOGECO, INRA, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRA, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - De-Wen Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Brendan Choat
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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38
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Zhang Y, Lamarque LJ, Torres-Ruiz JM, Schuldt B, Karimi Z, Li S, Qin DW, Bittencourt P, Burlett R, Cao KF, Delzon S, Oliveira R, Pereira L, Jansen S. Testing the plant pneumatic method to estimate xylem embolism resistance in stems of temperate trees. Tree Physiol 2018; 38:1016-1025. [PMID: 29474679 PMCID: PMC6025199 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Methods to estimate xylem embolism resistance generally rely on hydraulic measurements, which can be far from straightforward. Recently, a pneumatic method based on air flow measurements of terminal branch ends was proposed to construct vulnerability curves by linking the amount of air extracted from a branch with the degree of embolism. We applied this novel technique for 10 temperate tree species, including six diffuse, two ring-porous and two gymnosperm species, and compared the pneumatic curves with hydraulic ones obtained from either the flow-centrifuge or the hydraulic-bench dehydration method. We found that the pneumatic method provides a good estimate of the degree of xylem embolism for all angiosperm species. The xylem pressure at 50% and 88% loss of hydraulic conductivity (i.e., Ψ50 and Ψ88) based on the methods applied showed a strongly significant correlation for all eight angiosperms. However, the pneumatic method showed significantly reduced Ψ50 values for the two conifers. Our findings suggest that the pneumatic method could provide a fast and accurate approach for angiosperms due to its convenience and feasibility, at least within the range of embolism resistances covered by our samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhang
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laurent J Lamarque
- BIOGECO, INRA, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- EGFV, INRA, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zohreh Karimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Shan Li
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, PR China
| | - De-Wen Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Paulo Bittencourt
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, PO Box 6109, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Régis Burlett
- BIOGECO, INRA, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
| | | | - Rafael Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, PO Box 6109, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Pereira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, PO Box 6109, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, Germany
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39
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Zhu SD, Chen YJ, Ye Q, He PC, Liu H, Li RH, Fu PL, Jiang GF, Cao KF. Leaf turgor loss point is correlated with drought tolerance and leaf carbon economics traits. Tree Physiol 2018; 38:658-663. [PMID: 29474684 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf turgor loss point (πtlp) indicates the capacity of a plant to maintain cell turgor pressure during dehydration, which has been proven to be strongly predictive of the plant response to drought. In this study, we compiled a data set of πtlp for 1752 woody plant individuals belonging to 389 species from nine major woody biomes in China, along with reduced sample size of hydraulic and leaf carbon economics data. We aimed to investigate the variation of πtlp across biomes varying in water availability. We also tested two hypotheses: (i) πtlp predicts leaf hydraulic safety margins and (ii) it is correlated with leaf carbon economics traits. Our results showed that there was a positive relationship between πtlp and aridity index: biomes from humid regions had less negative values than those from arid regions. This supports the idea that πtlp may reflect drought tolerance at the scale of woody biomes. As expected, πtlp was significantly positively correlated with leaf hydraulic safety margins that varied significantly across biomes, indicating that this trait may be useful in modelling changes of forest components in response to increasing drought. Moreover, πtlp was correlated with a suite of coordinated hydraulic and economics traits; therefore, it can be used to predict the position of a given species along the 'fast-slow' whole-plant economics spectrum. This study expands our understanding of the biological significance of πtlp not only in drought tolerance, but also in the plant economics spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Dan Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Peng-Cheng He
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Rong-Hua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pei-Li Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Guo-Feng Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Zhu SD, Chen YJ, Fu PL, Cao KF. Different hydraulic traits of woody plants from tropical forests with contrasting soil water availability. Tree Physiol 2017; 37:1469-1477. [PMID: 28985366 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In southwestern China, tropical karst forests (KF) and non-karst rain forests (NKF) have different species composition and forest structure owing to contrasting soil water availability, but with a few species that occur in both forests. Plant hydraulic traits are important for understanding the species' distribution patterns in these two forest types, but related studies are rare. In this study, we investigated hydraulic conductivity, vulnerability to drought-induced cavitation and wood anatomy of 23 abundant and typical woody species from a KF and a neighboring NKF, as well as two Bauhinia liana species common to both forests. We found that the KF species tended to have higher sapwood density, smaller vessel diameter, lower specific hydraulic conductivity (ks) and leaf to sapwood area ratio, and were more resistant to cavitation than NKF species. Across the 23 species distinctly occurring in either KF or NKF, there was a significant tradeoff between hydraulic efficiency and safety, which might be an underlying mechanism for distributions of these species across the two forests. Interestingly, by possessing rather large and long vessels, the two Bauhinia liana species had extremely high ks but were also high resistance to cavitation (escaping hydraulic tradeoff). This might be partially due to their distinctly dimorphic vessels, but contribute to their wide occurrence in both forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Dan Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Pei-Li Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
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Zhao WL, Siddiq Z, Fu PL, Zhang JL, Cao KF. Stable stomatal number per minor vein length indicates the coordination between leaf water supply and demand in three leguminous species. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2211. [PMID: 28526823 PMCID: PMC5438398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordination between minor vein density (MVD) and stomatal density (SD) has been found in many plants. However, we still know little about the influence of leaf node on this correlation relationship. Here, we devised the new functional trait 'stomatal number per minor vein length' (SV). By measuring leaflet area (LA), MVD, SD, and SV, we demonstrated the significance of this functional trait in Arachis hypogaea (peanut) grown under different light regimes and in sun leaves of Dalbergia odorifera and Desmodium renifolium. We found that SV did not change significantly with leaflet node or with LA within each light treatment, while shading caused a significant decrease in SV. The positive correlation between SD and MVD was found in peanut under each light regime. Sun leaves of D. odorifera and D. renifolium also had stable SV along the leaflet node, with a positive correlation between MVD and SD. We conclude that under a certain light regime, a stable SV similar to the positive correlation between MVD and SD can also indicate the coordination between leaf water supply and demand. Our findings highlight the significance of SV and provide new insight into the coordination between stomatal number and minor vein length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan Province, 666303, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Province, 510650, China
| | - Zafar Siddiq
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan Province, 666303, China
| | - Pei-Li Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan Province, 666303, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan Province, 666303, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
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Jiang GF, Goodale UM, Liu YY, Hao GY, Cao KF. Salt management strategy defines the stem and leaf hydraulic characteristics of six mangrove tree species. Tree Physiol 2017; 37:389-401. [PMID: 28100712 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves in hypersaline coastal habitats are under constant high xylem tension and face great risk of hydraulic dysfunction. To investigate the relationships between functional traits and salt management, we measured 20 hydraulic and photosynthetic traits in four salt-adapted (SA) and two non-SA (NSA) mangrove tree species in south China. The SA species included two salt secretors (SSs), Avicennia marina (Forsskål) Vierhapper and Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco and two salt excluders (SEs), Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Savigny and Kandelia obovata (L.) Sheue et al. The two NSA species were Hibiscus tiliaceus (L.) and Pongamia pinnata (L.) Merr. Extremely high xylem cavitation resistance, indicated by water potential at 50% loss of xylem conductivity (Ψ50; -7.85 MPa), was found in SEs. Lower cavitation resistance was observed in SSs, and may result from incomplete salt removal that reduces the magnitude of xylem tension required to maintain water uptake from the soil. Surprisingly, the NSA species, P. pinnata, had very low Ψ50 (-5.44 MPa). Compared with NSAs, SAs had lower photosynthesis, vessel density, hydraulic conductivity and vessel diameter, but higher sapwood density. Eight traits were strongly associated with species' salt management strategies, with predawn water potential (ΨPD) and mean vessel diameter accounting for 95% flow (D95) having the most significant association; D95 separated SAs from NSAs and SEs had the lowest ΨPD. There was significant coupling between hydraulic traits and carbon assimilation traits. Instead of hydraulic safety being compromised by xylem efficiency, mangrove species with higher safety had higher efficiency and greater sapwood density (ρSapwood), but there was no relationship between ρSapwood and efficiency. Principal component analysis differentiated the species of the three salt management strategies by loading D, D95 and vessel density on the first axis and loading ΨPD, Ψ50 and water potential at 12% loss of xylem conductivity (Ψ12), ρSapwood and quantum yield on the second axis. Our results provide the first comparative characterization of hydraulic and photosynthetic traits among mangroves with different salt management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Feng Jiang
- Plant Ecophysiology & Evolution Group, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Uromi Manage Goodale
- Plant Ecophysiology & Evolution Group, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang110010, PR China
| | - Guang-You Hao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang110010, PR China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Plant Ecophysiology & Evolution Group, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
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Zhang YJ, Sack L, Cao KF, Wei XM, Li N. Speed versus endurance tradeoff in plants: Leaves with higher photosynthetic rates show stronger seasonal declines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42085. [PMID: 28186201 PMCID: PMC5301202 DOI: 10.1038/srep42085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested for a tradeoff across species between plant maximum photosynthetic rate and the ability to maintain photosynthesis under adverse conditions in the unfavorable season. Such a trade-off would be consistent with the observed trade-off between maximum speed and endurance in athletes and some animals that has been explained by cost-benefit theory. This trend would have importance for the general understanding of leaf design, and would simplify models of annual leaf carbon relations. We tested for such a trade-off using a database analysis across vascular plants and using an experimental approach for 29 cycad species, representing an ancient plant lineage with diversified evergreen leaves. In both tests, a higher photosynthetic rate per mass or per area in the favorable season was associated with a stronger absolute or percent decline in the unfavorable season. We resolved a possible mechanism based on biomechanics and nitrogen allocation; cycads with high leaf toughness (leaf mass per area) and higher investment in leaf construction than in physiological function (C/N ratio) tended to have lower warm season photosynthesis but less depression in the cool season. We propose that this trade-off, consistent with cost-benefit theory, represents a significant physio-phenological constraint on the diversity and seasonal dynamics of photosynthetic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 1606, USA
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Xue-Mei Wei
- National Cycad Germplasm Conservation Center, Fairylake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 160 Xianhu Rd., Liantang, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | - Nan Li
- National Cycad Germplasm Conservation Center, Fairylake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 160 Xianhu Rd., Liantang, Shenzhen 518004, China
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Zhang SB, Zhang JL, Cao KF. Divergent Hydraulic Safety Strategies in Three Co-occurring Anacardiaceae Tree Species in a Chinese Savanna. Front Plant Sci 2017; 7:2075. [PMID: 28149302 PMCID: PMC5241295 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Vulnerability segmentation, the condition under which plant leaves are more vulnerable to drought-induced cavitation than stems, may act as a "safety valve" to protect stems from hydraulic failure. Evergreen, winter-deciduous, and drought-deciduous tree species co-occur in tropical savannas, but there have been no direct studies on the role of vulnerability segmentation and stomatal regulation in maintaining hydraulic safety in trees with these three leaf phenologies. To this end, we selected three Anacardiaceae tree species co-occurring in a Chinese savanna, evergreen Pistacia weinmanniifolia, drought-deciduous Terminthia paniculata, and winter-deciduous Lannea coromandelica, to study inter-species differentiation in leaf and stem hydraulic safety. We found that the two deciduous species had significantly higher sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity and leaf-specific hydraulic conductance than the evergreen species. Moreover, two deciduous species were more vulnerable to stem cavitation than the evergreen species, although both drought-deciduous species and evergreen species had drought-resistance leaves. The evergreen species maintained a wide hydraulic safety margin (HSM) in stems and leaves; which was achieved by embolism resistance of both stems and leaves and isohydric stomatal control. Both deciduous species had limited HSMs in stems and leaves, being isohydric in the winter-deciduous species and anisohydric in drought-deciduous species. The difference in water potential at 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity between the leaves and the terminal stems (P50leaf-stem) was positive in P. weinmanniifolia and L. coromandelica, whereas, T. paniculata exhibited a lack of vulnerability segmentation. In addition, differences in hydraulic architecture were found to be closely related to other structural traits, i.e., leaf mass per area, wood density, and sapwood anatomy. Overall, the winter-deciduous species exhibits a drought-avoidance strategy that maintains the hydraulic safety of the more carbon-costly stems by sacrificing cheaper and more vulnerable leaves, while the evergreen species exhibits a hydraulic strategy of drought tolerance with strong stomatal regulation. In contrast, the drought-deciduous species lacks vulnerability segmentation and sheds leaves at the expense of top shoots during peak drought. This study demonstrates that even sympatric tree species that differ in leaf phenology can exhibit divergent adaptive hydraulic safety strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesMengla, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesMengla, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi UniversityNanning, China
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Zhao WL, Chen YJ, Brodribb TJ, Cao KF. Weak co-ordination between vein and stomatal densities in 105 angiosperm tree species along altitudinal gradients in Southwest China. Funct Plant Biol 2016; 43:1126-1133. [PMID: 32480532 DOI: 10.1071/fp16012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf-level water balance, as revealed by a correlation between stomatal density (SD) and vein density (VD), has been reported in some plants. However, the generality of this correlation and how it may be affected by altitude changes are unclear. Here, we investigated whether this balance is maintained across tree species of diverse families along a large altitudinal gradient. We measured leaf area (LA), SD, stomata length (SL), and VD in 105 angiosperm species across two altitudinal ranges, 800-1400m above sea level (a.s.l.) in tropical montane forests (TMF) and 2000-2600m a.s.l. in subtropical montane forests (SMF) in Yunnan, South-west China. The average SD was independent of altitude in both regions. Similarly, the average VD within either SMF or TMF was also not significantly different. However, overall, TMF had significantly larger VD and LA but smaller SL than SMF. Vein density was positively correlated with SD across SMF species, with a weaker correlation for TMF species and all species combined. Stomatal length was negatively correlated with SD and VD across all species. Our results extend the leaf water balance theory to diverse angiosperm tree species, and indicate decoupled adaptation of SD and VD in these species along a large altitudinal gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XishuangbannaTropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan Province, 666303, China
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
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46
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Zhang YJ, Bucci SJ, Arias NS, Scholz FG, Hao GY, Cao KF, Goldstein G. Freezing resistance in Patagonian woody shrubs: the role of cell wall elasticity and stem vessel size. Tree Physiol 2016; 36:1007-1018. [PMID: 27217529 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Freezing resistance through avoidance or tolerance of extracellular ice nucleation is important for plant survival in habitats with frequent subzero temperatures. However, the role of cell walls in leaf freezing resistance and the coordination between leaf and stem physiological processes under subzero temperatures are not well understood. We studied leaf and stem responses to freezing temperatures, leaf and stem supercooling, leaf bulk elastic modulus and stem xylem vessel size of six Patagonian shrub species from two sites (plateau and low elevation sites) with different elevation and minimum temperatures. Ice seeding was initiated in the stem and quickly spread to leaves, but two species from the plateau site had barriers against rapid spread of ice. Shrubs with xylem vessels smaller in diameter had greater stem supercooling capacity, i.e., ice nucleated at lower subzero temperatures. Only one species with the lowest ice nucleation temperature among all species studied exhibited freezing avoidance by substantial supercooling, while the rest were able to tolerate extracellular freezing from -11.3 to -20 °C. Leaves of species with more rigid cell walls (higher bulk elastic modulus) could survive freezing to lower subzero temperatures, suggesting that rigid cell walls potentially reduce the degree of physical injury to cell membranes during the extracellular freezing and/or thaw processes. In conclusion, our results reveal the temporal-spatial ice spreading pattern (from stem to leaves) in Patagonian shrubs, and indicate the role of xylem vessel size in determining supercooling capacity and the role of cell wall elasticity in determining leaf tolerance of extracellular ice formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sandra J Bucci
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Grupo de Estudios Biofísicos y Eco-fisiológicos (GEBEF), Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivadavia 9000, Argentina
| | - Nadia S Arias
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Grupo de Estudios Biofísicos y Eco-fisiológicos (GEBEF), Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivadavia 9000, Argentina
| | - Fabian G Scholz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Grupo de Estudios Biofísicos y Eco-fisiológicos (GEBEF), Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivadavia 9000, Argentina
| | - Guang-You Hao
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, The Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Guillermo Goldstein
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, PO Box 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Nuñez, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
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Huang W, Yang YJ, Hu H, Cao KF, Zhang SB. Sustained Diurnal Stimulation of Cyclic Electron Flow in Two Tropical Tree Species Erythrophleum guineense and Khaya ivorensis. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1068. [PMID: 27486473 PMCID: PMC4950474 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The photosystem II (PSII) activity of C3 plants is usually inhibited at noon associated with high light but can be repaired fast in the afternoon. However, the diurnal variation of photosystem I (PSI) activity is unknown. Although, cyclic electron flow (CEF) has been documented as an important mechanism for photosynthesis, the diurnal variation of CEF in sun leaves is little known. We determined the diurnal changes in PSI and PSII activities, light energy dissipation in PSII and the P700 redox state in two tropical tree species Erythrophleum guineense and Khaya ivorensis grown in an open field. The PSI activity (as indicated by the maximum quantity of photo-oxidizable P700) was maintained stable during the daytime. CEF was strongly activated under high light at noon, accompanying with high levels of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and PSI oxidation ratio. In the afternoon, CEF was maintained at a relatively high level under low light, which was accompanied with low levels of NPQ and P700 oxidation ratio. These results indicated that CEF was flexibly modulated during daytime under fluctuating light conditions. Under high light at noon, CEF-dependent generation of proton gradient across the thylakoid membranes (ΔpH) mainly contributed to photoprotection for PSI and PSII. By comparison, at low light in the afternoon, the CEF-dependent formation of ΔpH may be important for PSII repair via an additional ATP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany – Chinese Academy of Sciences, KunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany – Chinese Academy of Sciences, KunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany – Chinese Academy of Sciences, KunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden – Chinese Academy of SciencesMengla, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany – Chinese Academy of Sciences, KunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming, China
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Chen YJ, Bongers F, Tomlinson K, Fan ZX, Lin H, Zhang SB, Zheng YL, Li YP, Cao KF, Zhang JL. Time lags between crown and basal sap flows in tropical lianas and co-occurring trees. Tree Physiol 2016; 36:736-747. [PMID: 26446267 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Water storage in the stems of woody plants contributes to their responses to short-term water shortages. To estimate the contribution of water storage to the daily water budget of trees, time lags of sap flow between different positions of trunk are used as a proxy of stem water storage. In lianas, another large group of woody species, it has rarely been studied whether stored water functions in their daily water use, despite their increasing roles in the carbon and water dynamics of tropical forests caused by their increasing abundance. We hypothesized that lianas would exhibit large time lags due to their extremely long stems, wide vessels and large volume of parenchyma in the stem. We examined time lags in sap flow, diel changes of stem volumetric water content (VWC) and biophysical properties of sapwood of 19 lianas and 26 co-occurring trees from 27 species in 4 forests (karst, tropical seasonal, flood plain and savanna) during a wet season. The plants varied in height/length from <5 to >60 m. The results showed that lianas had significantly higher saturated water content (SWC) and much lower wood density than trees. Seven of 19 liana individuals had no time lags; in contrast, only 3 of 26 tree individuals had no time lags. In general, lianas had shorter time lags than trees in our data set, but this difference was not significant for our most conservative analyses. Across trees and lianas, time lag duration increased with diurnal maximum changeable VWC but was independent of the body size, path length, wood density and SWC. The results suggest that in most lianas, internal stem water storage contributes little to daily water budget, while trees may rely more on stored water in the stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kyle Tomlinson
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Ze-Xin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Shu-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Yu-Long Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Yang-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
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Cao KF, Zhang HH, Han HH, Song Y, Bai XL, Sun H. Effect of dietary protein sources on the small intestine microbiome of weaned piglets based on high-throughput sequencing. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 62:392-8. [PMID: 26946487 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this study, we comprehensively investigated the effect of dietary protein sources on the gut microbiome of weaned piglets with diets comprising different protein source using High-throughput 16SrRNA gene-based Illumina Miseq. A total of 48 healthy weaned piglets were allocated randomly to four treatments with 12 piglets in each group. The weaned piglets were fed with diets containing soybean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM), SBM and CSM (SC) or fish meal (FM). The intestinal content samples were taken from five segments of the small intestine. DNA was extracted from the samples and the V3-V4 regions of the 16SrRNA gene were amplified. The microbiota of the contents of the small intestine were very complex, including more than 4000 operational taxonomic units belonging to 32 different phyla. Four bacterial populations (i.e. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria) were the most abundant bacterial groups. The genera Lactobacillus and Clostridium were found in slightly higher proportions in the groups with added CSM compared to the other groups. The proportion of reads assigned to the genus Escherichia/Shigella was much higher in the FM group. In conclusion, dietary protein source had significant effects on the small microbiome of weaned piglets. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Dietary protein source have the potential to affect the small intestine microbiome of weaned piglets that will have a large impact on its metabolic capabilities and intestinal health. In this study, we successfully identified the microbiomes in the contents of the small intestine in the weaned piglets that were fed different protein source diets using high-throughput sequencing. The finding provided an evidence for the option of the appropriate protein source in the actual production.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - H H Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - H H Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Y Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - X L Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - H Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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50
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Huang W, Yang YJ, Hu H, Zhang SB, Cao KF. Evidence for the role of cyclic electron flow in photoprotection for oxygen-evolving complex. J Plant Physiol 2016; 194:54-60. [PMID: 26968082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic electron flow (CEF) alleviates PSII photo-inhibition under high light by at least two different mechanisms: one is liked to thermal energy dissipation (qE) and the other one is independent of qE. However, the latter mechanism is unclear. Because the photodamage to PSII primarily occurred at the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), and the stability of OEC is dependent on proton gradient across thylakoid membrane (ΔpH), we hypothesize that the CEF-dependent generation of ΔpH can alleviate photodamage to OEC. To test this hypothesis, we determined the effects of antimycin A (AA), methyl viologen (MV), chloramphenicol (CM), nigericin (Nig) on PSII activity and the stability of OEC for leaves of a light-demanding tropical tree species Erythrophleum guineense by the analysis of OKJIP chlorophyll a fluorescence transient. After high light treatment, the stronger decrease in Fv/Fm in the AA-, CM-, MV-, and Nig-treated samples was accompanied with larger photo damage of OEC. The AA-treated samples significantly showed lower CEF activity than the H2O-treated samples. Although the AA-treated leaves significantly showed stronger PSII photo-inhibition and photo-damage of OEC compared to the H2O-treated leaves, the value of non-photochemical quenching did not differ between them. Therefore, CEF activity was partly inhibited in the AA-treated samples, and the stronger PSII photo-inhibition in the AA-treated leaves was independent of qE. Taking together, we propose a hypothesis that CEF-dependent generation of ΔpH under high light plays an important role in photoprotection for the OEC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
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