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Chaudhary P, Meena M, Janmeda P. Microscopic characterization, TLC fingerprinting and optimization of total lipid content from Euphorbia neriifolia (L.) using response surface methodology. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:565-590. [PMID: 37971145 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Euphorbia neriifolia (EN) is a medicinal plant used to treat a variety of ailments in traditional systems. Despite numerous studies on pharmacological activities, no information was available on the microscopic study of this plant. This is the first study that has been attempted to fill this need by performing the light and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) of leaf, stem, and latex. The powder microscopy of several organs (leaves, stem, and bark) and exudate (latex) of EN was carried out using safranine, fast green, phloroglucinol, and other standard solutions at different magnifications. The chemical fingerprinting of petroleum ether extract was accomplished by using thin layer chromatography. The optimization of total lipid content from the EN leaf under ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and soxhlet extraction (SE) procedure was determined using response surface methodology (RSM). The studied factors that affect the lipid content were: solvent ratio, extraction temperature, and extraction time. Several notable characteristics observed in the leaf of EN are amphistomatic leaves with anticlinical cell walls, anomocytic stomata, spongy mesophyll cells, elongated palisade cells, angular collenchyma, and U-shaped vascular bundle. The plano-convex midrib is covered by polygonal to oval-shaped cuticles and contains anomocytic stomata. The circular petiole has no trichomes and contains laticifers, crystals, and idioblasts. The circular stem was observed with trichomes, hypodermis, collenchyma, parenchymatous cells, central pith, pentagonal stellar region, cambium, and 2-4 times more xylem that of phloem. All of the powdered plant parts and exudate under study contained trichomes, xylem vessels, wood fibers, cork cells, starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals, idioblasts, lignified cork, tannin content, stone cells, and oil globules. The blackish-green colored petroleum ether extract with semi-solid consistency showed the greatest percent (%) yield of 4% in the latex of EN. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) examination of petroleum ether extract of EN leaf produced a maximum 6 spots with Rf values of 0.16, 0.58, 0.62, 0.73, and 0.96 in the mobile phase of petroleum ether-acetone (8:2). In terms of optimization, the dark green colored UAE extract with semi-sticky consistency showed highest % yield of 4.5% whereas the yellowish green colored SE extract of sticky consistency showed the highest % yield of 4.9%. The findings showed that there were not many differences in the total lipid content between UAE (0.16%) and SE (0.11%). However, the best optimum condition for lipid content extraction analysis was obtained as follows: solvent ratio (PE:HE) 50:50, extraction temperature 50°C, extraction time 45 min for UAE, and solvent ratio (PE:HE) 60:40, extraction temperature 45°C, and extraction time of 24 h for SE. Hence, this study signifies the various noteworthy microscopic features along with the presence of different phytocompounds through TLC and best optimized condition for the extraction of lipids from different parts of EN. As no previous study has been reported, the outcomes obtained from the current study prove to be beneficial in the identification of species, quality control, and detection of any adulteration from the laboratory and commercial samples of EN. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The percent yield was found to be maximum in latex extract (4%). The leaf pet ether extract was separated into 6 bands with different Rf values. The extracted compounds from Euphorbia neriifolia leaves were categorized into non-polar heat tolerant. The highest total lipid yield (0.1119) was obtained at solvent ratios 60:40 of PE:HE (petroleum ether: petroleum hexane).
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Chaudhary
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, P.O. Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pracheta Janmeda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, P.O. Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan, India
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Prete P, Calabriso D, Burresi E, Tapfer L, Lovergine N. Lattice Strain Relaxation and Compositional Control in As-Rich GaAsP/(100)GaAs Heterostructures Grown by MOVPE. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4254. [PMID: 37374438 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of high-efficiency GaAsP-based solar cells on GaAs wafers requires addressing structural issues arising from the materials lattice mismatch. We report on tensile strain relaxation and composition control of MOVPE-grown As-rich GaAs1-xPx/(100)GaAs heterostructures studied by double-crystal X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Thin (80-150 nm) GaAs1-xPx epilayers appear partially relaxed (within 1-12% of the initial misfit) through a network of misfit dislocations along the sample [011] and [011-] in plane directions. Values of the residual lattice strain as a function of epilayer thickness were compared with predictions from the equilibrium (Matthews-Blakeslee) and energy balance models. It is shown that the epilayers relax at a slower rate than expected based on the equilibrium model, an effect ascribed to the existence of an energy barrier to the nucleation of new dislocations. The study of GaAs1-xPx composition as a function of the V-group precursors ratio in the vapor during growth allowed for the determination of the As/P anion segregation coefficient. The latter agrees with values reported in the literature for P-rich alloys grown using the same precursor combination. P-incorporation into nearly pseudomorphic heterostructures turns out to be kinetically activated, with an activation energy EA = 1.41 ± 0.04 eV over the entire alloy compositional range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Prete
- Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems of CNR (IMM-CNR), Lecce Unit, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Calabriso
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Emiliano Burresi
- ENEA-National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Brindisi Research Center, Strada Statale 7 'Appia', I-72100 Brindisi, Italy
| | - Leander Tapfer
- ENEA-National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Brindisi Research Center, Strada Statale 7 'Appia', I-72100 Brindisi, Italy
| | - Nico Lovergine
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
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Dandu SS, Joshi DJ, Park TJ, Kailasa SK. Functionalization of Gold Nanostars with Melamine for Colorimetric Detection of Uric Acid. Appl Spectrosc 2023; 77:360-370. [PMID: 36653320 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231154935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanostars (AuNSs) are synthesized using a seed-mediated growth method. The synthesized AuNSs solution is stable and shows a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band in the visible range, which is confirmed using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the as-synthesized AuNSs were functionalized with melamine and used as a sensor for the colorimetric detection of uric acid (UA). The detection mechanism could be assessed through various analytical techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopic techniques. These methods exhibited a good linear regression between the absorption ratio of LSPR band of melamine-AuNSs and the concentration of UA (0-120 µM), with the detection limit of 8.50 nm. As a result, UA was quantitatively detected in biofluids by using melamine-AuNSs as a colorimetric sensor, revealing melamine-AuNSs-based colorimetric approach which could be used as a simple platform for UA assay in biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Snigdha Dandu
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
| | - Dharaben J Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
| | - Tae Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
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Yahya M, Rasul M, Hussain SZ, Dilawar A, Ullah M, Rajput L, Afzal A, Asif M, Wubet T, Yasmin S. Integrated analysis of potential microbial consortia, soil nutritional status, and agro-climatic datasets to modulate P nutrient uptake and yield effectiveness of wheat under climate change resilience. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1074383. [PMID: 36714699 PMCID: PMC9878846 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1074383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has a devastating effect on wheat production; therefore, crop production might decline by 2030. Phosphorus (P) nutrient deficiency is another main limiting factor of reduced yield. Hence, there is a dire need to judiciously consider wheat yield, so that human requirements and nutrition balance can be sustained efficiently. Despite the great significance of biostimulants in sustainable agriculture, there is still a lack of integrated technology encompassing the successful competitiveness of inoculated phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in agricultural systems in the context of climatic conditions/meteorological factors and soil nutritional status. Therefore, the present study reveals the modulation of an integrated P nutrient management approach to develop potential PSB consortia for recommended wheat varieties by considering the respective soil health and agro-climatic conditions. The designed consortia were found to maintain adequate viability for up to 9 months, verified through field emission scanning electron microscopy and viable count. Furthermore, a significant increase in grain yield (5%-8%) and seed P (4%) content was observed in consortia-inoculated wheat plants with 20% reduced Diammonium phosphate (DAP) application under net house conditions. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of roots and amplification of the gcd gene of Ochrobactrum sp. SSR indicated the survival and rhizosphere competency of the inoculated PSB. Categorical principal component analysis (CAT-PCA) showed a positive correlation of inoculated field-grown wheat varieties in native soils to grain yield, soil P content, and precipitation for sites belonging to irrigated plains and seed P content, soil organic matter, and number of tillers for sites belonging to Northern dry mountains. However, the impact of inoculation at sites belonging to the Indus delta was found significantly correlated to soil potassium (K) content, electrical conductivity (EC), and temperature. Additionally, a significant increase in grain yield (15%) and seed P (14%) content was observed in inoculated wheat plants. Thus, the present study demonstrates for the first time the need to integrate soil biological health and agro-climatic conditions for consistent performance of augmented PSB and enhanced P nutrient uptake to curtail soil pollution caused by the extensive use of agrochemicals. This study provides innovative insights and identifies key questions for future research on PSB to promote its successful implementation in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahreen Yahya
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Maria Rasul
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayed Zajif Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali-School of Science and Engineering (SBA-SSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Adil Dilawar
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
| | - Midrar Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Lubna Rajput
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Agricultural Research Centre, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Afzal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sumera Yasmin
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Punjab, Pakistan
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Venkatachalaiah C, Venkataraman U, Sellappan R. PANI/TiO 2 nanocomposite-based chemiresistive gas sensor for the detection of E. Coli bacteria. IET Nanobiotechnol 2020; 14:761-765. [PMID: 33399106 PMCID: PMC8676644 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2020.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the modern pace of the world, food safety is a major concern. In this work, a simple chemiresistive type gas sensor was fabricated to detect Escherichia Coli (E. coli) bacteria. Polyaniline (PANI) films were deposited on the indium tin oxide substrate by an electrochemical deposition method. TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesised by facile hydrothermal method. PANI films were modified using hydrothermally prepared TiO2 nanoparticles by a spin coating method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer techniques were used to characterise the PANI/TiO2 nanocomposites. The peaks obtained in the XRD pattern confirmed the anatase phase of TiO2 nanoparticles. FESEM analysis showed the nanofibrous structure of the nanocomposite. The FTIR characteristic peaks confirmed the formation of the nanocomposite. The electrical resistance of the sensors was evaluated as a function of the bacterial concentration. The PT2 (TiO2 coated 5 times on PANI) in comparison with PT1 (TiO2 coated 3 times on PANI) exhibited good sensitivity to the gas molecules at room temperature. The p-n junction at PANI/TiO2 interface improved the physical adsorption of gas molecules. Since no specific antibodies or receptors are used, the sensor has the potential for adaptation to real-life applications. Thus low cost, real-time, portable, reusable and sensitive bacteria sensors were fabricated and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitra Venkatachalaiah
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Uma Venkataraman
- Department of Electronics, Mount Carmel College, Bengaluru 560052, India
| | - Raja Sellappan
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
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Sharma D, Ledwani L, Kumar N, Pervaiz N, Mehrotra T, Kumar R. Structural and physicochemical properties of Rheum emodi mediated Mg(OH) 2 nanoparticles and their antibacterial and cytotoxic potential. IET Nanobiotechnol 2020; 14:858-863. [PMID: 33399119 PMCID: PMC8676038 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2019.0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, Rheum emodi roots extract mediated magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles [Mg(OH)2 NPs] through the bio-inspired experimental technique were synthesised. Mg(OH)2 NPs were characterised by using various characterisation techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The formation of Mg(OH)2 NPs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The structural analysis confirmed the hexagonal crystal symmetry of Mg(OH)2 NPs with space group P-3m1 and space group no. 164 using the Rietveld refinement technique. TEM micrographs illustrated the nano-size formation of Mg(OH)2 NPs of spherical shape and size ∼14.86 nm. With the aid of FTIR data, plant metabolites such as anthraquinones have been identified as a stabilising and reducing agent for the synthesis of biogenic Mg(OH)2 NPs. The synthesised Mg(OH)2 NPs showed antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria such as Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naveen Kumar
- Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Naveed Pervaiz
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Tarang Mehrotra
- College of Professional Studies, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Kot M, Kegelmann L, Köbler H, Vorokhta M, Escudero C, Kúš P, Šmíd B, Tallarida M, Albrecht S, Abate A, Matolínová I, Schmeißer D, Flege JI. In situ Near-Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Reveals the Influence of Photon Flux and Water on the Stability of Halide Perovskite. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:5722-5730. [PMID: 32881341 PMCID: PMC7693099 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For several years, scientists have been trying to understand the mechanisms that reduce the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells. In this work, we examined the effect of water and photon flux on the stability of CH3 NH3 PbI3 perovskite films and solar cells using in situ near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and current density-voltage (J-V) characterization. The used amount of water vapor (up to 1 mbar) had a negligible impact on the perovskite film. The higher the photon flux, the more prominent were the changes in the NAP-XPS and FESEM data; also, a faster decline in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and a more substantial hysteresis in the J-V characteristics were observed. Based on our results, it can be concluded that the PCE decrease originates from the creation of Frenkel pair defects in the perovskite film under illumination. The stronger the illumination, the higher the number of Frenkel defects, leading to a faster PCE decline and more substantial hysteresis in the J-V sweeps.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kot
- Applied Physics and SensorsBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergKonrad-Wachsmann-Allee 1703046CottbusGermany
- Applied Physics and Semiconductor SpectroscopyBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergKonrad-Zuse-Strasse 103046CottbusGermany
| | - L. Kegelmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHKekuléstrasse 512489BerlinGermany
| | - H. Köbler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHKekuléstrasse 512489BerlinGermany
| | - M. Vorokhta
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsDepartment of Surface and Plasma ScienceV Holešovičkách 218000Prague 8Czech Republic
| | - C. Escudero
- ALBA Synchrotron Carrer de la Llum 2–2608290Cerdanyola del VallèsSpain
| | - P. Kúš
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsDepartment of Surface and Plasma ScienceV Holešovičkách 218000Prague 8Czech Republic
| | - B. Šmíd
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsDepartment of Surface and Plasma ScienceV Holešovičkách 218000Prague 8Czech Republic
| | - M. Tallarida
- ALBA Synchrotron Carrer de la Llum 2–2608290Cerdanyola del VallèsSpain
| | - S. Albrecht
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHKekuléstrasse 512489BerlinGermany
| | - A. Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHKekuléstrasse 512489BerlinGermany
| | - I. Matolínová
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsDepartment of Surface and Plasma ScienceV Holešovičkách 218000Prague 8Czech Republic
| | - D. Schmeißer
- Applied Physics and SensorsBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergKonrad-Wachsmann-Allee 1703046CottbusGermany
| | - J. I. Flege
- Applied Physics and Semiconductor SpectroscopyBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergKonrad-Zuse-Strasse 103046CottbusGermany
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Karimi M, Raofie F. Preparation of Withaferin A nanoparticles extracted from Withania somnifera by the expansion of supercritical fluid solution. Phytochem Anal 2020; 31:957-967. [PMID: 32666662 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. is a plant with several important medicinal properties that have long been used in traditional therapy to treat some diseases. OBJECTIVE Micronisation reduces the particle size, which increases the bioavailability. In this study, due to the great potential of Withaferin A in the treatment of diseases, the nanoparticle formation of Withaferin A extracted from Withania somnifera, was considered. METHODOLOGY In the first step, the experimental parameters of supercritical fluid extraction of W. somnifera were optimised by central composite design (CCD). Then, the herbal extract was micronised using a new, repeatable, and robust method in terms of the expansion of carbon dioxide supercritical solvent. Also, the parameters of the experiment were optimised with the Draper-Lin small composite designs. Moreover, we identified Withaferin A nanoparticle in the extracted samples by utilising liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and the obtained precipitates were characterised using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). RESULTS The optimal conditions of the experiment were as follows: pressure drop 254 atm, at the temperature of 53°C, equilibrium time 23 min, and collection time 57 min. Based on the observed results, the optimum points for the size and number of Withaferin A nanoparticles were predicted as 5 and 5842 nm, respectively. CONCLUSION The nanoparticle production was accomplished through the expansion of supercritical solution, while the speed of expansion was much lower compared to the ordinary rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS) methods. Also, the nanonisation conditions, especially the pressure drop, significantly affected the formation of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Karimi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Raofie
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Sharifi-Rad A, Mehrzad J, Darroudi M, Saberi MR, Chamani J. Oil-in-water nanoemulsions comprising Berberine in olive oil: biological activities, binding mechanisms to human serum albumin or holo-transferrin and QMMD simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:1029-1043. [PMID: 32000592 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1724568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Berberine is widely used in traditional Iranian medicine to treat diabetes and inflammatory conditions. This study was aimed at developing a method for the preparation of Berberine nanoparticles (Nano-Ber) in order to improve its aqueous-phase solubility and its complex formation with human serum albumin (HSA) and holo-transferrin (HTF) from the viewpoint of interaction behavior. Nano-Ber was prepared with olive oil as the oil phase, Tween 80 as the surfactant and Span 60 as the co-surfactant. Nano-Ber was obtained with a spherical shape and a mean particle size of 43.7 ± 3.6 nm, with an optimal oil:surfactant:co-surfactant ratio of 1:2:2, w/w/w. The antioxidant activity of Nano-Ber in comparison with Berberine was tested using DPPH and it was found that Nano-Ber had a large antioxidant activity. The cytotoxicity effects of Nano-Ber and Berberine on HepG2 were compared by MTT assay and detected in the treated HepG2 cells at concentrations up to 0.1 mM. The binding constants of HSA-Nano-Ber and HTF-Nano-Ber complexes formation were (2.93 ± 0.02) × 104 and (9.62 ± 0.03) × 103 M -1, respectively. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions were the predominant forces in the HSA-Nano-Ber and HTF-Nano-Ber complexes, and the process of Nano-Ber binding HSA and HTF was driven by ΔH 0 = -122.76 kJ mol-1, ΔS 0 = -325.49 J mol-1K-1 for HSA and ΔH 0 = -125.09 kJ mol-1, ΔS 0 = -43.37 J mol-1K-1 for HTF. The results of the simulation demonstrated that the Nano-Ber molecules were stabilized on the surface of final aggregates through both hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. Communicated by Ramaswamy Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Jamshid Mehrzad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Majid Darroudi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Saberi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jamshidkhan Chamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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Kithiyon M, Pannerselvam B, Balasaubramaniyam Madhukumar SS, Sridharan J, Alagumuthu TS. Efficacy of mycosynthesised AgNPs from Earliella scabrosa as an in vitro antibacterial and wound healing agent. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:339-344. [PMID: 31053699 PMCID: PMC8676610 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with their unique chemical and physical properties are proving as a new therapeutical agent. In the present study, the AgNPs synthesised from an aqueous extract of a macrofungus, Earliella scabrosa, were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and further evaluate for its in vitro antibacterial and wound healing efficacy. The mycosynthesised AgNPs exhibited the surface plasmon resonance peak at 410 nm with good stability over a period of a month. The FESEM and EDX analyses revealed the spherical-shaped AgNPs of an average size of 20 nm and the presence of elemental Ag, respectively. The XRD pattern showed the crystalline nature of AgNPs. The FTIR spectra confirmed the conversion of Ag+ ions to AgNPs due to reduction by biomolecules of macrofungus extract. The mycosynthesised AgNPs showed effective antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria, namely Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, and two Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pathogens were highly sensitive to AgNPs, whereas less sensitive to AgNO3. The mycosynthesised AgNPs showed significant wound healing potential with 68.58% of wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Balashanmugam Pannerselvam
- Centre for Human & Organisational Resources Development (CHORD), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | | | - Tamil Selvi Alagumuthu
- Centre for Human & Organisational Resources Development (CHORD), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Shahraki F, Tabrizi MH, Moghaddam MN, Hajebi S. Bio‐green synthesis ZnO‐NPs in Brassica napus pollen extract: biosynthesis, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and pro‐apoptotic properties. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:471-476. [PMCID: PMC8676517 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The bio‐green methods of synthesis nanoparticles (NPs) have advantages over chemo‐physical procedures due to cost‐effective and ecofriendly products. The goal of current investigation is biosynthesis of zinc oxide NPs (ZnO‐NPs) and evaluation of their biological assessment. Water extract of Brassica napus pollen [rapeseed (RP)] prepared and used for the synthesis of ZnO‐NPs and synthesised ZnO‐NP characterised using ultraviolet–visible, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. Antioxidant properties of ZnO‐NPs, cytotoxic and pro‐apoptotic potentials of NPs were also evaluated. The results showed that ZnO‐NPs have a hexagonal shape with 26 nm size. ZnO‐NPs synthesised in RP (RP/ZnO‐NPs) exhibited the good antioxidant potential compared with the butylated hydroxyanisole as a positive control. These NPs showed the cytotoxic effects against breast cancer cells (M.D. Anderson‐Metastasis Breast cancer (MDA‐MB)) with IC50 about 1, 6 and 6 μg/ml after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure, respectively. RP/ZnO‐NPs were found effective in increasing the expression of catalase enzyme, the enzyme involved in antioxidants properties of the cells. Bio‐green synthesised RP/ZnO‐NPs showed antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. The results of the present study support the advantages of using the bio‐green procedure for the synthesis of NPs as an antioxidant and as anti‐cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Shahraki
- Department of BiologyMashhad Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityMashhadIran
| | | | | | - Sahar Hajebi
- Department of BiologyMashhad Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityMashhadIran
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12
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Taghavizadeh Yazdi ME, Khara J, Housaindokht MR, Sadeghnia HR, Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi S, Sadegh Amiri M, Mosawee H, Taherzadeh D, Darroudi M. Role of Ribes khorassanicum in the biosynthesis of AgNPs and their antibacterial properties. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:189-192. [PMID: 31051450 PMCID: PMC8676464 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been biosynthesised through the extracts of Ribes khorassanicum fruits, which served as the reducing agents and capping agents. Biosynthesised AgNPs have been found to be ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra since they have displayed one surface plasmon resonance peak at 438 nm, attesting the formation of spherical NPs. These particles have been characterised by UV-vis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The formation of AgNPs at 1.0 mM concentration of AgNO3 has resulted in NPs that contained mean diameters in a range of 20-40 nm. The green-synthesised AgNPs have demonstrated high antibacterial effect against pathogenic bacteria (i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Biosynthesising metal NPs through plant extracts can serve as the facile and eco-friendly alternative for chemical and/or physical methods that are utilised for large-scale nanometal fabrication in various medical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jalil Khara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Hasan Mosawee
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Danial Taherzadeh
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Majid Darroudi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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13
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Jonitz-Heincke A, Tillmann J, Ostermann M, Springer A, Bader R, Hol PJ, Cimpan MR. Label-Free Monitoring of Uptake and Toxicity of Endoprosthetic Wear Particles in Human Cell Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3486. [PMID: 30404169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of the biological effects of endoprosthetic wear particles on cells in vitro relies on a variety of test assays. However, most of these methods are susceptible to particle-induced interferences; therefore, label-free testing approaches emerge as more reliable alternatives. In this study, impedance-based real-time monitoring of cellular viability and metabolic activity were performed following exposure to metallic and ceramic wear particles. Moreover, label-free imaging of particle-exposed cells was done by high-resolution darkfield microscopy (HR-ODM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The isolated human fibroblasts were exposed to CoCr28Mo6 and alumina matrix composite (AMC) ceramic particles. HR-ODM and FESEM revealed ingested particles. For impedance measurements, cells were seeded on gold-plated microelectrodes. Cellular behavior was monitored over a period of 48 h. CoCr28Mo6 and AMC particle exposure affected cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, i.e., 0.01 mg/mL particle solutions led to small changes in cell viability, while 0.05 mg/mL resulted in a significant reduction of viability. The effects were more pronounced after exposure to CoCr28Mo6 particles. The results were in line with light and darkfield microcopy observations indicating that the chosen methods are valuable tools to assess cytotoxicity and cellular behavior following exposure to endoprosthetic wear particles.
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14
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Takano Y, Tomaru Y, Nagasaki K. Visualization of a Dinoflagellate-Infecting Virus HcDNAV and Its Infection Process. Viruses 2018; 10:E554. [PMID: 30314306 DOI: 10.3390/v10100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
HcDNAV (a type species of Genus Dinodnavirus) is a large double-stranded DNA virus, which lytically infects the bloom-forming marine microalga Heterocapsa circularisquama Horiguchi (Dinophyceae). In the present study, detailed observation of the HcDNAV particle and its infection process was conducted via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and epifluorescence microscopy (EFM). Each five-fold vertex of the icosahedral virion was decorated with a protrusion, which may be related to the entry process of HcDNAV into the host. The transverse groove of host cells is proposed to be the main virus entry site. A visible DAPI-stained region, which is considered to be the viroplasm (virus factory), appeared in close proximity to the host nucleus at 11 h post infection (hpi); the putative viral DAPI signal was remarkably enlarged at 11–30 hpi. It was kidney-shaped at 13–15 hpi, horseshoe-shaped at 20 hpi, doughnut-shaped at 30 hpi, and changed into a three-dimensionally complicated shape at 51–53 hpi, by which time most parts of the host cell were occupied by the putative viral DAPI signal. While the virions were within the viroplasm, they were easily distinguishable by their vertex protrusions by FE-SEM.
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15
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Naz S, Akhtar J, Chaudhary MF, Zia M. Low-temperature synthesis of hierarchical structures of copper oxide and their superior biological activity. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:968-972. [PMID: 30247139 PMCID: PMC8676118 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the authors report a facile low-temperature wet-chemical route to prepare morphology-tailored hierarchical structures (HS) of copper oxide. The preparation of copper oxide collides was carried out using varying concentrations of copper acetate and a reducing agent at a constant temperature of 50°C. The prepared HS of CuO were characterised by powdered X-rays diffraction that indicates phase pure having monoclinic structures. The morphology was further confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscope. It reveals a difference in shape and size of copper oxide HS by changing the concentration of reactants. In order to evaluate the effect of H2O2 on CuO NPs, the prepared CuO are modified by treatment with H2O2. In general trend, CuOH2O2 collide showed enhanced protein kinase inhibition, antibacterial (maximum zone 16.34 mm against Staphylococcus aureus) and antifungal activities in comparison to unmodified CuO collides. These results reveal that CuO HS exhibit antimicrobial properties and can be used as a potential candidate in pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Naz
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Javeed Akhtar
- Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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16
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Muralisankar I, Agilan S, Selvakumar R, Vairam S. Synthesis of Co 3O 4/graphene nanocomposite using paraffin wax for adsorption of methyl violet in water. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:787-794. [PMID: 30104453 PMCID: PMC8676403 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study discusses the use of Co3O4 impregnated graphene (CoOIG) as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of methyl violet (MV) dye from wastewater. CoOIG nanocomposites have been prepared by pyrolyzing paraffin wax with cobalt acetate. The synthesised nanocomposite was characterised by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope, Raman spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller isotherm studies. The above studies indicate that the composites have cobalt oxide nanoparticles of size 51-58 nm embedded in the graphene nanoparticles. The adsorption studies were conducted with various parameters, pH, temperature and initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time by the batch method. The adsorption of MV dye by the adsorbent CoOIG was about 90% initially at 15 min and 98% dye removal at pH 5. The data were fitted in Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich and Sips isotherm models. Various thermodynamic parameters like Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of the on-going adsorption process have also been calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiran Muralisankar
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, TN 641014, India.
| | - Santhanam Agilan
- Department of Physics, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, TN 641014, India
| | - Rajendran Selvakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, TN 641013, India
| | - Sundararajan Vairam
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, TN 641013, India
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17
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Singh D, Kumar V, Yadav E, Falls N, Singh M, Komal U, Verma A. One-pot green synthesis and structural characterisation of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaves extract of Carissa carandas: antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial activities. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:748-756. [PMID: 30104448 PMCID: PMC8676503 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an aqueous extract of Carissa carandas (C. carandas) leaves was studied. Fabrication of AgNPs was confirmed by the UV-visible spectroscopy which gives absorption maxima at 420 nm. C. carandas leaves are the rich source of the bioactive molecules, acts as a reducing and stabilising agent in AgNPs, confirmed by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. The field emission scanning electron microscope revealed the spherical shape of biosynthesised AgNPs. A distinctive peak of silver at 3 keV was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction showed the facecentred cubic structure of biosynthesised AgNPs and thermal stability was confirmed by the thermogravimetric analysis. Total flavonoid and total phenolic contents were evaluated in biosynthesised AgNPs. Biosynthesised AgNPs showed free radical scavenging activities against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. In vitro cytotoxicity against hepatic cell lines (HUH-7) and renal cell lines (HEK-293) were also assessed. Finally, biosynthesised AgNPs were scrutinised for their antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella sonnei, Shigella boydii and Salmonella typhimurium. This study demonstrated the biofabrication of AgNPs by using C. carandas leaves extract and a potential in vitro biological application as antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, UP 211007, India.
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, UP 211007, India
| | - Ekta Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, UP 211007, India
| | - Neha Falls
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, UP 211007, India
| | - Manvendra Singh
- Department of Computer Sciences, HMFA Institute of Engineering and Technology, Handia, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Ujendra Komal
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Amita Verma
- Bio-organic & Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, UP 211007, India
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18
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Souri M, Hoseinpour V, Shakeri A, Ghaemi N. Optimisation of green synthesis of MnO nanoparticles via utilising response surface methodology. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:822-827. [PMID: 30104457 PMCID: PMC8676278 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study concerns the optimisation of green synthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO NPs) with Dittrichia graveolens (L.) extract via response surface methodology (RSM). Central composite design was used to evaluate the effect of pH, time, and the extract to the metal ratio on the synthesised nanoparticles (NPs). Nine runs were designed to investigate the effect of each parameter while NPs were synthesised under different conditions. Considering the p-values (p-value < 0.05), it is indicated that the extract to the metal ratio was the most effective parameter. The synthesised NPs were characterised using UV-vis. Synthesis of the NPs by polyphenolic compounds of green reducing agent and their stabilisation by curcumin was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra and the surface morphology of the spherical MnO NPs was studied by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope techniques. The present researchers claimed the optimal condition as follows: time = 56.7 min, pH = 7.2, and the extract to the metal ratio = 87.9 v/v. MnO NPs at optimum condition were then employed for degradation of industrial dyes and they showed high dye degradation activity against Rhodamine B and light green dye. The average size of the synthesised MnO NPs at optimal condition was claimed to be nearly 38 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Souri
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Hoseinpour
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shakeri
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nasser Ghaemi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Sharma M, Nayak PS, Asthana S, Mahapatra D, Arakha M, Jha S. Biofabrication of silver nanoparticles using bacteria from mangrove swamp. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:626-632. [PMID: 30095424 PMCID: PMC8676574 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has observed a rapid advancement in utilising biological system towards bioremediation of metal ions in the form of respective metal nanostructures or microstructures. The process may also be adopted for respective metal nanoparticle biofabrication. Among different biological methods, bacteria-mediated method is gaining great attention for nanoparticle fabrication due to their eco-friendly and cost-effective process. In the present study, silver nanoparticle (AgNP) was synthesised via continuous biofabrication using Aeromonas veronii, isolated from swamp wetland of Sunderban, West Bengal, India. The biofabricated AgNP was further purified to remove non-conjugated biomolecules using size exclusion chromatography, and the purified AgNPs were characterised using UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, the presence of proteins as capping and stabilising agents was confirmed by the amide-I and amide-II peaks in the spectra obtained using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The size of biofabricated AgNP was 10-20 nm, as observed using TEM. Additionally, biofabricated AgNP shows significant antibacterial potential against E. coli and S. aureus. Hence, biofabricated AgNP using Aeromonas veronii, which found resistant to a significant concentration of Ag ion, showed enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to commercially available AgNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Sharma
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Parth Sarthi Nayak
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Shreyasi Asthana
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Dipankar Mahapatra
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Manoranjan Arakha
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Suman Jha
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
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20
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Mikani M, Torabizadeh H, Rahmanian R. Magnetic soy protein isolate-bovine serum albumin nanoparticles preparation as a carrier for inulinase immobilisation. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:633-639. [PMID: 30095425 PMCID: PMC8676546 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) were functionalised with soy protein isolate (SPI) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) for inulinase immobilisation. The results revealed the nanomagnetite size of about 50 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.242. The average size of the SPI NPs prepared by using acetone was 80-90 nm (PDI, 0.277), and SPI-BSA NPs was 80-90 nm (PDI, 0.233), and their zeta potential was around -34 mV. The mean diameter of fabricated Fe3O4@SPI-BSA NPs was <120 nm (PDI, 0.187). Inulinase was covalently immobilised successfully through glutaraldehyde on Fe3O4@SPI-BSA NPs with 80% enzyme loading. Fourier transform infrared spectra, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy images provided sufficient proof for enzyme immobilisation on the NPs. The immobilised inulinase showed maximal activity at 45°C, which was 5°C higher than the optimum temperature of the free enzyme. Also, the optimum pH of the immobilised enzyme was shifted from 6 to 5.5. Thermal stability of the enzyme was considerably increased to about 43% at 75°C, and Km value was reduced to 25.4% after immobilisation. The half-life of the enzyme increased about 5.13-fold at 75°C as compared with the free form. Immobilised inulinase retained over 80% of its activity after ten cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Mikani
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Postal Code: 33853, Iran
| | - Homa Torabizadeh
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Postal Code: 33853, Iran.
| | - Reza Rahmanian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 32454, Iran
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21
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Seifati SM, Nasirizadeh N, Azimzadeh M. Nano-biosensor based on reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles, for detection of phenylketonuria-associated DNA mutation. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:417-422. [PMID: 29768223 PMCID: PMC8676255 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU)-associated DNA mutation in newborn children can be harmful to his health and early detection is the best way to inhibit consequences. A novel electrochemical nano-biosensor was developed for PKU detection, based on signal amplification using nanomaterials, e.g. gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) decorated on the reduced graphene oxide sheet on the screen-printed carbon electrode. The fabrication steps were checked by field emission scanning electron microscope imaging as well as cyclic voltammetry analysis. The specific alkanethiol single-stranded DNA probes were attached by self-assembly methodology on the AuNPs surface and Oracet blue was used as an intercalating electrochemical label. The results showed the detection limit of 21.3 fM and the dynamic range of 80-1200 fM. Moreover, the selectivity results represented a great specificity of the nano-biosensor for its specific target DNA oligo versus other non-specific sequences. The real sample simulation was performed successfully with almost no difference than a synthetic buffer solution environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Morteza Seifati
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, 8941673155 Ashkezar, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Navid Nasirizadeh
- Department of Textile and Polymer Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, 8916871967 Yazd, Iran
| | - Mostafa Azimzadeh
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 8916188635 Yazd, Iran
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22
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Zandpour F, Allafchian AR, Vahabi MR, Jalali SAH. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with the Arial part of Dorema ammoniacum D. extract by antimicrobial analysis. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:491-495. [PMID: 29768235 PMCID: PMC8675994 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesised by using the Arial part extract of Dorema ammoniacum D. and characterised by employing UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. Transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy were applied to investigate the morphological structure of the bio-synthesised SNPs. The antimicrobial activity of SNPs was studied against Gram positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) bacteria by employing the disk diffusion agar process. An extremely antimicrobial effect was observed for SNPs. Utilising D. ammoniacum D. as a mediator for the synthesis of SNPs helped to save time and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhte Zandpour
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Allafchian
- Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Vahabi
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Jalali
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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Zheng Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Wagner E, Cosgrove DJ. Xyloglucan in the primary cell wall: assessment by FESEM, selective enzyme digestions and nanogold affinity tags. Plant J 2018; 93:211-226. [PMID: 29160933 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Xyloglucan has been hypothesized to bind extensively to cellulose microfibril surfaces and to tether microfibrils into a load-bearing network, thereby playing a central role in wall mechanics and growth, but this view is challenged by newer results. Here we combined high-resolution imaging by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with nanogold affinity tags and selective endoglucanase treatments to assess the spatial location and conformation of xyloglucan in onion cell walls. FESEM imaging of xyloglucanase-digested cell walls revealed an altered microfibril organization but did not yield clear evidence of xyloglucan conformations. Backscattered electron detection provided excellent detection of nanogold affinity tags in the context of wall fibrillar organization. Labelling with xyloglucan-specific CBM76 conjugated with nanogold showed that xyloglucans were associated with fibril surfaces in both extended and coiled conformations, but tethered configurations were not observed. Labelling with nanogold-conjugated CBM3, which binds the hydrophobic surface of crystalline cellulose, was infrequent until the wall was predigested with xyloglucanase, whereupon microfibril labelling was extensive. When tamarind xyloglucan was allowed to bind to xyloglucan-depleted onion walls, CBM76 labelling gave positive evidence for xyloglucans in both extended and coiled conformations, yet xyloglucan chains were not directly visible by FESEM. These results indicate that an appreciable, but still small, surface of cellulose microfibrils in the onion wall is tightly bound with extended xyloglucan chains and that some of the xyloglucan has a coiled conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhen Zheng
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yuning Chen
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Edward Wagner
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Daniel J Cosgrove
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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24
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Zheng Y, Cosgrove DJ, Ning G. High-Resolution Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) Imaging of Cellulose Microfibril Organization in Plant Primary Cell Walls. Microsc Microanal 2017; 23:1048-1054. [PMID: 28835298 DOI: 10.1017/s143192761701251x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have used field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to study the high-resolution organization of cellulose microfibrils in onion epidermal cell walls. We frequently found that conventional "rule of thumb" conditions for imaging of biological samples did not yield high-resolution images of cellulose organization and often resulted in artifacts or distortions of cell wall structure. Here we detail our method of one-step fixation and dehydration with 100% ethanol, followed by critical point drying, ultrathin iridium (Ir) sputter coating (3 s), and FESEM imaging at a moderate accelerating voltage (10 kV) with an In-lens detector. We compare results obtained with our improved protocol with images obtained with samples processed by conventional aldehyde fixation, graded dehydration, sputter coating with Au, Au/Pd, or carbon, and low-voltage FESEM imaging. The results demonstrated that our protocol is simpler, causes little artifact, and is more suitable for high-resolution imaging of cell wall cellulose microfibrils whereas such imaging is very challenging by conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhen Zheng
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Daniel J Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Gang Ning
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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25
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Maham M, Sajadi SM, Kharimkhani MM, Nasrollahzadeh M. Biosynthesis of the CuO nanoparticles using Euphorbia Chamaesyce leaf extract and investigation of their catalytic activity for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 11:766-772. [PMCID: PMC8676157 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Through this study an eco‐friendly, simple, efficient, cheap and biocompatible approach to the biosynthesis and stabilisation of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) using the Euphorbia Chamaesyce leaf extract is presented. The CuO NPs were monitored and characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope and UV‐visible spectroscopy. The biosynthesised CuO NPs showed good catalytic activity for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) in water during 180 s and reused 4 times without considerable loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Maham
- Young Researchers and Elite ClubAliabad Katoul BranchIslamic Azad UniversityAliabad KatoulIran
| | - S. Mohammad Sajadi
- Department of Petroleum GeoscienceFaculty of ScienceSoran UniversityPO Box 624, Soran, Kurdistan Regional GovernmentIraq
| | | | - Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh
- Center of Environmental ResearchesUniversity of QomQomIran
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversity of QomQom3716146611Iran
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26
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Allafchian AR, Farhang HR, Jalali SAH, Vahabi MR. Gundelia tournefortii L.: a natural source for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 11:815-820. [PMCID: PMC8676522 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study focused on the synthesis of spherical silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using Gundelia tournefortii L. aerial part extract. The plant extract could reduce silver ions into Ag NPs. To identify the compounds responsible for the reduction of silver ions, functional groups present in plant extract were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Techniques used to characterise synthesised nanoparticles included field emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. UV‐visible spectrophotometer showed the absorbance peak in the range of 400–450 nm. The Ag NPs showed antibacterial activities against both gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus Cereus) and gram negative (Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli) microorganisms. The results confirmed that this protocol was simple, rapid, eco‐friendly, low‐priced and non‐toxic; therefore, it could be used as an alternative to conventional physical/chemical methods. Only 5 min were required for the conversion of silver ions into Ag NPs at room temperature, without the involvement of any hazardous chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Allafchian
- Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Isfahan University of TechnologyIsfahan84156‐83111Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Farhang
- Department of Natural ResourcesIsfahan University of TechnologyIsfahan84156‐83111Iran
| | - Sayed Amir Hossein Jalali
- Department of Natural ResourcesIsfahan University of TechnologyIsfahan84156‐83111Iran
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of TechnologyIsfahan84156‐83111Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Vahabi
- Department of Natural ResourcesIsfahan University of TechnologyIsfahan84156‐83111Iran
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27
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Yeganeh‐Faal A, Bordbar M, Negahdar N, Nasrollahzadeh M. Green synthesis of the Ag/ZnO nanocomposite using Valeriana officinalis L. root extract: application as a reusable catalyst for the reduction of organic dyes in a very short time. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 11:669-676. [PMCID: PMC8676430 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile and green synthesis of the Ag/ZnO nanocomposite by extract of Valeriana officinalis L. root in the absence of any stabiliser or surfactant has been reported in this work. The green synthesised Ag/ZnO nanocomposite was characterised by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), elemental mapping, Fourier‐Transform infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. According to SEM and TEM images, the Ag and ZnO particles are spherical with diameters of less than 20 and 40–50 nm, respectively. The Ag NPs/ZnO nanocomposite proved to be an effective catalyst in the reduction of various dyes including methyl orange (MO), Congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) in the presence of NaBH4 in aqueous media at ambient temperature. A maximum degradation (100%) of dyes was performed using Ag/ZnO nanocomposite. The extraordinary performance of the prepared Ag/ZnO nanocomposite is attributed to the synergetic effect induced by both ZnO and Ag NPs in the catalytic degradation of organic dyes. The catalyst could be reused and recovered several times with no significant loss of catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yeganeh‐Faal
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of SciencePayame Noor UniversityTehranIran
| | - Maryam Bordbar
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversity of QomQom37185‐359Iran
- Center of Environmental ResearchesUniversity of QomQomIran
| | - Neda Negahdar
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversity of QomQom37185‐359Iran
| | - Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversity of QomQom37185‐359Iran
- Center of Environmental ResearchesUniversity of QomQomIran
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28
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Shah N, Ul-Islam M, Khattak WA, Park JK. Overview of bacterial cellulose composites: a multipurpose advanced material. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:1585-98. [PMID: 24053844 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) has received substantial interest owing to its unique structural features and impressive physico-mechanical properties. BC has a variety of applications in biomedical fields, including use as biomaterial for artificial skin, artificial blood vessels, vascular grafts, scaffolds for tissue engineering, and wound dressing. However, pristine BC lacks certain properties, which limits its applications in various fields; therefore, synthesis of BC composites has been conducted to address these limitations. A variety of BC composite synthetic strategies have been developed based on the nature and relevant applications of the combined materials. BC composites are primarily synthesized through in situ addition of reinforcement materials to BC synthetic media or the ex situ penetration of such materials into BC microfibrils. Polymer blending and solution mixing are less frequently used synthetic approaches. BC composites have been synthesized using numerous materials ranging from organic polymers to inorganic nanoparticles. In medical fields, these composites are used for tissue regeneration, healing of deep wounds, enzyme immobilization, and synthesis of medical devices that could replace cardiovascular and other connective tissues. Various electrical products, including biosensors, biocatalysts, E-papers, display devices, electrical instruments, and optoelectronic devices, are prepared from BC composites with conductive materials. In this review, we compiled various synthetic approaches for BC composite synthesis, classes of BC composites, and applications of BC composites. This study will increase interest in BC composites and the development of new ideas in this field.
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Rastogi SK, Rutledge VJ, Gibson C, Newcombe DA, Branen JR, Branen AL. Ag colloids and Ag clusters over EDAPTMS-coated silica nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Nanomedicine 2011; 7:305-14. [PMID: 21094275 PMCID: PMC3219786 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2010] [Revised: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To produce better antibacterial water-insoluble nanocomposites of silver (Ag), silver-silicon dioxide (Ag-SiO(2)) hybrid and silver colloid (Ag-c) nanoparticles (NPs) were studied. Ag-c NPs were synthesized using reduction of AgNO(3), and Ag-SiO(2) composites were prepared on a core of silica NPs functionalized with ethylenediamino-propyltrimethoxysilane, where Ag clusters were fabricated on amino groups using seed-mediated growth and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. Antibacterial effectiveness of the Ag-SiO(2) NPs was tested against general Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC 25922) and E. coli O157:H7 by measuring the growth based on optical density and digital counting of live-dead cells using a fluorescent microscope, and a field emission scanning electron microscope. Minimum inhibitory concentration values were studied against four representative bacteria along with E. coli O157:H7. Results showed that Ag NPs of 6.6 ± 4.5 nm were attached to the surface of SiO(2) NPs (74 ± 13.5 nm), and the Ag-c NPs (3.5 ± 2 nm) showed excellent antibacterial properties. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this paper, the synthesis of Ag colloids and Ag clusters over EDAPTMS-coated silica nanoparticles is reported. Both NPs were examined for antibacterial effectiveness against representative bacteria including E. coli O157:H7 and found to have excellent antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva K Rastogi
- Biosensors and Nanotechnology Application Laboratory (BNAL), University of Idaho, Coeur D'Alene, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, USA.
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Mogi Y, Kagami Y, Kuwano K, Miyamura S, Nagumo T, Kawano S. ASYMMETRY OF EYESPOT AND MATING STRUCTURE POSITIONS IN ULVA COMPRESSA (ULVALES, CHLOROPHYTA) REVEALED BY A NEW FIELD EMISSION SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY METHOD(1). J Phycol 2008; 44:1290-1299. [PMID: 27041725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gametes of the marine green alga Ulva compressa L. are biflagellate and pear shaped, with one eyespot at the posterior end of the cell. The species is at an early evolutionary stage between isogamy and anisogamy. In the past, zygote formation of green algae was categorized solely by the relative sizes of gametes produced by two mating types (+ and -). Recently, however, locations of cell fusion sites and/or mating structures of gametes have been observed to differ between mating types in several green algae (asymmetry of cell fusion site and/or mating structure positions). To use this asymmetry for determining gamete mating type, we explored a new method, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), for visualizing the mating structure of U. compressa. When gametes were subjected to drying stress in the process of a conventional critical-point-drying method, a round structure was observed on the cell surfaces. In the mating type MGEC-1 (mt(+) ), this structure was located on the same side of the cell as the eyespot, whereas it was on the side opposite the eyespot in the mating type MGEC-2 (mt(-) ). The gametes fuse at the round structures. TEM showed an alignment of vesicles inside the cytoplasm directly below the round structures, which are indeed the mating structures. Serial sectioning and three-dimensional construction of TEM micrographs confirmed the association of the mating structure with flagellar roots. The mating structure was associated with 1d root in the MGEC-1 gamete but with 2d root in the MGEC-2 gamete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Mogi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, JapanDepartment of Marine Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanGraduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, JapanThe Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, JapanDepartment of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kagami
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, JapanDepartment of Marine Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanGraduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, JapanThe Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, JapanDepartment of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, JapanDepartment of Marine Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanGraduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, JapanThe Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, JapanDepartment of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyamura
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, JapanDepartment of Marine Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanGraduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, JapanThe Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, JapanDepartment of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Nagumo
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, JapanDepartment of Marine Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanGraduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, JapanThe Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, JapanDepartment of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kawano
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, JapanDepartment of Marine Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanGraduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, JapanThe Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, JapanDepartment of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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