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Adamczewska-Sowińska K, Sowiński J, Jamroz E, Bekier J. The effect of peat replacement in horticulture media by willow ( Salix viminalis L.) biomass compost for cucumber transplant production. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1348073. [PMID: 38410732 PMCID: PMC10895287 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1348073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
This research evaluated the usefulness of horticultural substrates prepared on the basis of compost from chipped willow without additives and with the addition of nitrogen and decomposing mycelium of the cellulose-lignin fraction of wood in the cultivation of cucumber seedlings. The produced composts were mixed in different proportions: mixture 1 (W1) - the proportion of compost without additives and compost prepared with the addition of nitrogen and mycelium was in the ratio of 50:50, mixture 2 (W2) - the proportion of compost without additives and compost prepared with the addition of nitrogen and mycelium was in the ratio of 75:25. The starting mixtures were used to prepare horticultural substrates with different components (peat - P, vermicompost - V) and additives: basaltmeal - B, biochar from deciduous wood - C. The components were added in varying proportions. A total of 29 different substrates were subsequently tested in the study. Plant showed that the traits assessed varied to a greater extent under the effect of the test factors than at earlier growth stages. It was demonstrated that cucumber grown on substrates with 75% or 50% willow compost had a unit weight at the same statistical level as when grown on peat substrate (P). The plants with the highest unit weight (8.5- 10.4 g), belonged to the same homogeneous group and derived from sites W1P1B2, W2P1, W1P1B1, W2P2, W1P1C1, P, W1P1, W2B1, W2P2B2. High-quality cucumber transplant should characterise well develop, optimal height-to-stem thickness ratio, short hypocotyl, thick green leaves and cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Józef Sowiński
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jamroz
- Institute of Soil Sciences Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Bekier
- Institute of Soil Sciences Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Ukalska-Jaruga A, Bejger R, Smreczak B, Weber J, Mielnik L, Jerzykiewicz M, Ćwieląg-Piasecka I, Jamroz E, Debicka M, Kocowicz A, Bekier J. The Interaction of Pesticides with Humin Fractions and Their Potential Impact on Non-Extractable Residue Formation. Molecules 2023; 28:7146. [PMID: 37894625 PMCID: PMC10609562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The constant influx of pesticides into soils is a key environmental issue in terms of their potential retention in the soil, thus reducing their negative impact on the environment. Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important factor influencing the environmental fate of these substances. Therefore, the aim of this research was to assess the chemical behavior of pesticides (flufenacet, pendimethalin, α-cypermethrin, metazachlor, acetamiprid) toward stable soil humin fractions (HNs) as a main factor affecting the formation of non-extractable residues of agrochemicals in soil. This research was conducted as a batch experiment according to OECD Guideline 106. For this purpose, HNs were isolated from eight soils with different physicochemical properties (clay content = 16-47%, pHKCl = 5.6-7.7, TOC = 13.3-49.7 g·kg-1, TN = 1.06-2.90 g·kg-1, TOC/TN = 11.4-13.7) to reflect the various processes of their formation. The extraction was carried out through the sequential separation of humic acids with 0.1 M NaOH, and then the digestion of the remaining mineral fraction with 10% HF/HCl. The pesticide concentrations were detected using GC-MS/MS. The pesticides were characterized based on the different sorption rates to HNs, according to the overall trend: metazachlor (95% of absorbed compound) > acetamiprid (94% of absorbed compound) > cypermethrin (63% of partitioning compound) > flufenacet (39% of partitioning compound) > pendimethalin (28% of partitioning compound). Cypermethrin and metazachlor exhibited the highest saturation dynamic, while the other agrochemicals were much more slowly attracted by the HNs. The obtained sorption kinetic data were congruous to the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models related to the surface adsorption and interparticle diffusion isotherm. The conducted research showed that the processes of pesticide sorption, apart from physicochemical phenomena, are also affected by the properties of the pollutants themselves (polarity, KOC) and the soil properties (SOM content, clay content, and pHKCl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Romualda Bejger
- Department of Bioengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI/3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Bożena Smreczak
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Weber
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (I.Ć.-P.); (E.J.); (M.D.); (A.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Lilla Mielnik
- Department of Bioengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI/3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland;
| | | | - Irmina Ćwieląg-Piasecka
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (I.Ć.-P.); (E.J.); (M.D.); (A.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Elżbieta Jamroz
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (I.Ć.-P.); (E.J.); (M.D.); (A.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Magdalena Debicka
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (I.Ć.-P.); (E.J.); (M.D.); (A.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Andrzej Kocowicz
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (I.Ć.-P.); (E.J.); (M.D.); (A.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Jakub Bekier
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (I.Ć.-P.); (E.J.); (M.D.); (A.K.); (J.B.)
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Adamczewska-Sowińska K, Sowiński J, Jamroz E, Bekier J. Compost from willow biomass (Salix viminalis L.) as a horticultural substrate alternative to peat in the production of vegetable transplants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17617. [PMID: 36271107 PMCID: PMC9587216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Willow (Salix viminalis L.) is a species well adapted to the environment conditions of central Europe. It is mainly cultivated for energy purposes as solid fuel. In this study, an evaluation of its suitability for other purposes was made using a 4-year old short rotation coppice (SRC) willow regrowth to produce chipped biomass which was composted. Four composting methods were used: without additives (WC), with the addition of nitrogen to narrow the C:N ratio (WN), with the addition of mycelium (WPG) and with the addition of mycelium and nitrogen (WPGN). A mixture of WC and WPGN composts was also prepared at 75:25% and 50:50% by volume. Composts, different proportion (25, 50 and 75%) of peat (SM) were evaluated for suitability as a substrate for tomato and cucumber transplant production. Tomato transplants produced in the medium were prepared from mixtures of willow composts (WPGN + WC(1) and WPGN + WC(2) and these mixtures with peat (WPGN + WC(1):SM and WPGN + WC(2):SM) were characterised as having the best parameters: plant height, lateral leaf span and number of leaves. Similarly, for cucumber transplants, better growth conditions than in peat substrate were obtained in the variant WPGN + WC(1) and WPGN + WC(1):SM. The addition of nitrogen to the composted biomass positively influenced the composting process. N concentration in the substrate was too high and toxic for the growth of tomato and cucumber transplants. At the end of the tomato and cucumber experiment, the nitrate content was 1510 and 2260 mg dm-3, respectively, in the WN substrate. Similarly, the high N-NO3- content in the composted willow substrate with the addition of nitrogen and mycelium did not promote the growth of tomato and cucumber. Based on this research at least 25% of the mass of the peat can be replaced by different willow composts without having an adverse impact on seedling growth and with some of the willow compost mixtures this could be as high as 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Adamczewska-Sowińska
- grid.411200.60000 0001 0694 6014Department of Horticulture, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Józef Sowiński
- grid.411200.60000 0001 0694 6014Institute of Agroecology and Crop Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jamroz
- grid.411200.60000 0001 0694 6014Institute of Soil Sciences, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Bekier
- grid.411200.60000 0001 0694 6014Institute of Soil Sciences, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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Sowiński J, Jama-Rodzeńska A, Perera PCD, Jamroz E, Bekier J. The changes of willow biomass characteristics during the composting process and their phytotoxicity effect on Sinapis alba L. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275268. [PMID: 36191025 PMCID: PMC9529140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated in 2019–2021 the use of willow chips for compost production and its effect on Sinapis alba L. germination index and seedling growth. Peatlands and peat are of very important economic but above all environmental significance. The conservation of peatland resources is one of the most crucial future challenges. Composts and other forms of lignin-cellulosic biomass are potentially the best renewable alternative to peat in its economic use. Composted lignin-cellulosic biomass can replace peat and be used as a substrate for vegetable transplant production. The impact of modifying the willow lignin-cellulosic biomass composting process has not been well analysed. A compost experiment with willow biomass was conducted to study its effect on selected compost indexes (particle size structure in %, bulk density (kg m-3), and total nitrogen content). The quality assessment of the willow composts was determined after six months of composting process based on the N content and morphological characteristics of tested plant in vegetative chamber. Sinapis alba L. was germinated on a water extract made from willow compost using the following additives to willow biomasses: W0—without additives, WN—with the addition of nitrogen, WF—with the addition of mycelium, WNF—with the addition of nitrogen and mycelium. During the composting process, samples were taken after each mixing of the biomass pile to assess their maturity through the use of a bioassay. Willow biomass did not have a negative effect on biological evaluation parameters, and in some indicators, such as the length of embryonic roots in the VI period of the measurements, it was stimulating (61–84% longer in W0 and WF than in the control). The addition of nitrogen during the composting process, especially in the initial composting period, had a strong inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Józef Sowiński
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Jama-Rodzeńska
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Peliyagodage Chathura Dineth Perera
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biology, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka
| | - Elżbieta Jamroz
- Institute of Soil Sciences Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Bekier
- Institute of Soil Sciences Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Weber J, Jamroz E, Kocowicz A, Debicka M, Bekier J, Ćwieląg-Piasecka I, Ukalska-Jaruga A, Mielnik L, Bejger R, Jerzykiewicz M. Optimized isolation method of humin fraction from mineral soil material. Environ Geochem Health 2022; 44:1289-1298. [PMID: 34272620 PMCID: PMC8960568 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Humic substances, including humin fraction, play a key role in the fate of organic and inorganic xenobiotics contaminating the environment. Humin is an important fraction of humic substances, which has been the least studied to date. This is due to the difficulties connected with its isolation that pose a number of methodological problems. Methods of humin fraction isolation can be divided into following main groups: (1) digestion of mineral soil components with HF/HCl followed by alkali extraction of HA and FA; (2) alkali extraction of HA and FA followed by extraction of humin by different organic solvents; and (3) alkali extraction of HA and FA followed by HF/HCl digestion of mineral soil components. Nevertheless, each of these methods has different limitations. We described in detail a useful procedure of humin isolation, in which this fraction was not extracted, but isolated from the soil by removing its soluble organic and mineral components. A modified method of HA and FA extraction with 0.1 M NaOH, according to the International Humic Substances Society, was used in the first step. Then, the mineral components in the residue were digested with the 10% HF/HCl. Unlike the procedures oriented to increase the concentration of organic matter, samples were treated several times with the HF/HCl mixture until the mineral fraction was almost completely digested. The main assumption of the method modification was to obtain the highest yield with the lowest possible ash content, but without affecting humin chemical structure. The results showed that the proposed procedure is characterized by a high efficiency and recovery and, therefore, it can be used to isolate high amounts of humin from soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Weber
- Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jamroz
- Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kocowicz
- Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Debicka
- Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Bekier
- Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Irmina Ćwieląg-Piasecka
- Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, Department of Soil Science, Erosion and Land Conservation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Lilla Mielnik
- Department of Bioengineering, Lab of Physics and Agrophysics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. Papieża Pawła VI 3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Romualda Bejger
- Department of Bioengineering, Lab of Physics and Agrophysics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. Papieża Pawła VI 3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maria Jerzykiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biomaterials Chemistry Group, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Jezak-Lipska A, Bekier J, Wesołowski W, Wujecki J. [Eye fundus changes during fat embolism (author's transl)]. Klin Oczna 1979; 81:287-9. [PMID: 439753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bekier J, Lebski J, Brzeziński J. [Ventriculo-cardiac and ventriculo-peritoneal shunts in the treatment of hydrocephalus of neoplastic and inflammatory origin in adults]. Neurol Neurochir Pol 1976; 10:375-81. [PMID: 986010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Bekier J, Gonzenbach H. [Surgical treatment of traumatic rupture of the liver]. Helv Chir Acta 1974; 41:505-12. [PMID: 4411063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Bekier J, Polis Z, Alwasiak J. [Coexistence of cerebellar medulloblastoma and epidermoid cyst in cisterna magna]. Neurol Neurochir Pol 1973; 7:133-6. [PMID: 4540222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bekier J. [Drainage of the bile ducts with controlled pressure: modification of T-drainage of the choledochus using Kehr's method]. Helv Chir Acta 1972; 39:517-28. [PMID: 4644604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bekier J. [The effect of the atrial incision on the frequency of heart rhythm disorders in the closing of atrial septal defects]. Thoraxchir Vask Chir 1970; 18:154-64. [PMID: 5269407 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1099204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Bekier J, Wegrzyn Z, Polis Z, Lebski J. [Posterior fossa hematomas]. Neurol Neurochir Pol 1970; 4:81-8. [PMID: 5439406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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