1
|
von Groß V, Sibhatu KT, Knohl A, Qaim M, Veldkamp E, Hölscher D, Zemp DC, Corre MD, Grass I, Fiedler S, Stiegler C, Irawan B, Sundawati L, Husmann K, Paul C. Transformation scenarios towards multifunctional landscapes: A multi-criteria land-use allocation model applied to Jambi Province, Indonesia. J Environ Manage 2024; 356:120710. [PMID: 38547822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In tropical regions, shifting from forests and traditional agroforestry to intensive plantations generates conflicts between human welfare (farmers' demands and societal needs) and environmental protection. Achieving sustainability in this transformation will inevitably involve trade-offs between multiple ecological and socioeconomic functions. To address these trade-offs, our study used a new methodological approach allowing the identification of transformation scenarios, including theoretical landscape compositions that satisfy multiple ecological functions (i.e., structural complexity, microclimatic conditions, organic carbon in plant biomass, soil organic carbon and nutrient leaching losses), and farmers needs (i.e., labor and input requirements, total income to land, and return to land and labor) while accounting for the uncertain provision of these functions and having an actual potential for adoption by farmers. We combined a robust, multi-objective optimization approach with an iterative search algorithm allowing the identification of ecological and socioeconomic functions that best explain current land-use decisions. The model then optimized the theoretical land-use composition that satisfied multiple ecological and socioeconomic functions. Between these ends, we simulated transformation scenarios reflecting the transition from current land-use composition towards a normative multifunctional optimum. These transformation scenarios involve increasing the number of optimized socioeconomic or ecological functions, leading to higher functional richness (i.e., number of functions). We applied this method to smallholder farms in the Jambi Province, Indonesia, where traditional rubber agroforestry, rubber plantations, and oil palm plantations are the main land-use systems. Given the currently practiced land-use systems, our study revealed short-term returns to land as the principal factor in explaining current land-use decisions. Fostering an alternative composition that satisfies additional socioeconomic functions would require minor changes ("low-hanging fruits"). However, satisfying even a single ecological indicator (e.g., reduction of nutrient leaching losses) would demand substantial changes in the current land-use composition ("moonshot"). This would inevitably lead to a profit decline, underscoring the need for incentives if the societal goal is to establish multifunctional agricultural landscapes. With many oil palm plantations nearing the end of their production cycles in the Jambi province, there is a unique window of opportunity to transform agricultural landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volker von Groß
- Forest Economics and Sustainable Land-use Planning, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
| | - Kibrom T Sibhatu
- International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alexander Knohl
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable land-use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany; Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Matin Qaim
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Edzo Veldkamp
- Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable land-use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany; Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Delphine Clara Zemp
- Conservation Biology Lab, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Marife D Corre
- Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Ingo Grass
- Department of Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70599, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Ecosystem Modelling, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | | | - Bambang Irawan
- Forestry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jambi, Jambi, 36122, Indonesia; Center of Excellence for Land-Use Transformation Systems, University of Jambi, Jambi, 36122, Indonesia
| | - Leti Sundawati
- Department of Forest Management, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Kai Husmann
- Forest Economics and Sustainable Land-use Planning, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Carola Paul
- Forest Economics and Sustainable Land-use Planning, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany; Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable land-use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
O'Mahoney C, Watt I, Fiedler S, Devenish S, Srikanth S, Justice E, Dover T, Dean D, Peng C. Microfluidic Diffusional Sizing (MDS) Measurements of Secretory Neutralizing Antibody Affinity Against SARS-CoV-2. Ann Biomed Eng 2024:10.1007/s10439-024-03478-0. [PMID: 38459195 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has rampantly spread around the globe and continues to cause unprecedented loss through ongoing waves of (re)infection. Increasing our understanding of the protection against infection with SARS-CoV-2 is critical to ending the pandemic. Serological assays have been widely used to assess immune responses, but secretory antibodies, the essential first line of defense, have been studied to only a limited extent. Of particular interest and importance are neutralizing antibodies, which block the binding of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 to the human receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and thus are essential for immune defense. Here, we employed Microfluidic Diffusional Sizing (MDS), an immobilization-free technology, to characterize neutralizing antibody affinity to SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and spike trimer in saliva. Affinity measurement was obtained through a contrived sample and buffer using recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD and monoclonal antibody. Limited saliva samples demonstrated that MDS applies to saliva neutralizing antibody measurement. The ability to disrupt a complex of ACE2-Fc and spike trimer is shown. Using a quantitative assay on the patient sample, we determined the affinity and binding site concentration of the neutralizing antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara O'Mahoney
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Ian Watt
- Fluidic Analytics, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Sujata Srikanth
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Erica Justice
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Tristan Dover
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Delphine Dean
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Congyue Peng
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zheng L, Barry KE, Guerrero-Ramírez NR, Craven D, Reich PB, Verheyen K, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Eisenhauer N, Barsoum N, Bauhus J, Bruelheide H, Cavender-Bares J, Dolezal J, Auge H, Fagundes MV, Ferlian O, Fiedler S, Forrester DI, Ganade G, Gebauer T, Haase J, Hajek P, Hector A, Hérault B, Hölscher D, Hulvey KB, Irawan B, Jactel H, Koricheva J, Kreft H, Lanta V, Leps J, Mereu S, Messier C, Montagnini F, Mörsdorf M, Müller S, Muys B, Nock CA, Paquette A, Parker WC, Parker JD, Parrotta JA, Paterno GB, Perring MP, Piotto D, Wayne Polley H, Ponette Q, Potvin C, Quosh J, Rewald B, Godbold DL, van Ruijven J, Standish RJ, Stefanski A, Sundawati L, Urgoiti J, Williams LJ, Wilsey BJ, Yang B, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Sandén H, Ebeling A, Schmid B, Fischer M, Kotowska MM, Palmborg C, Tilman D, Yan E, Hautier Y. Effects of plant diversity on productivity strengthen over time due to trait-dependent shifts in species overyielding. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2078. [PMID: 38453933 PMCID: PMC10920907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant diversity effects on community productivity often increase over time. Whether the strengthening of diversity effects is caused by temporal shifts in species-level overyielding (i.e., higher species-level productivity in diverse communities compared with monocultures) remains unclear. Here, using data from 65 grassland and forest biodiversity experiments, we show that the temporal strength of diversity effects at the community scale is underpinned by temporal changes in the species that yield. These temporal trends of species-level overyielding are shaped by plant ecological strategies, which can be quantitatively delimited by functional traits. In grasslands, the temporal strengthening of biodiversity effects on community productivity was associated with increasing biomass overyielding of resource-conservative species increasing over time, and with overyielding of species characterized by fast resource acquisition either decreasing or increasing. In forests, temporal trends in species overyielding differ when considering above- versus belowground resource acquisition strategies. Overyielding in stem growth decreased for species with high light capture capacity but increased for those with high soil resource acquisition capacity. Our results imply that a diversity of species with different, and potentially complementary, ecological strategies is beneficial for maintaining community productivity over time in both grassland and forest ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zheng
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban and Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Barry
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nathaly R Guerrero-Ramírez
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of Temperate Zones, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dylan Craven
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
- Data Observatory Foundation, ANID Technology Center No. DO210001, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Peter B Reich
- Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | | | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadia Barsoum
- Centre for Ecosystems, Society and Biosecurity, Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, UK
| | - Jürgen Bauhus
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Jiri Dolezal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Functional Ecology, Institute of Botany CAS, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Harald Auge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marina V Fagundes
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Department of Ecosystem Modelling, Büsgen-Institute, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Gislene Ganade
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Tobias Gebauer
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Bioenergy Systems Department, Resource Mobilisation, German Biomass Research Center-DBFZ gGmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josephine Haase
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Peter Hajek
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andy Hector
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, Forêts et Sociétés, Montpellier, France
- Forêts et Sociétés, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Bambang Irawan
- Forestry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
- Land Use Transformation Systems Center of Excellence, University of Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Hervé Jactel
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, BIOGECO, Cestas, France
| | - Julia Koricheva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vojtech Lanta
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Functional Ecology, Institute of Botany CAS, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Leps
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Biological Research Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Simone Mereu
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR-IBE, Sassari, Italy
- CMCC-Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, IAFES Division, Sassari, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Piazza Marina 61 (c/o palazzo Steri), Palermo, Italy
| | - Christian Messier
- Département des sciences biologiques, Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département des sciences naturelles, ISFORT, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, Canada
| | - Florencia Montagnini
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martin Mörsdorf
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department for Research, Biotope-, and Wildlife Management; National Park Administration Hunsrück-Hochwald, Birkenfeld, Germany
| | - Sandra Müller
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bart Muys
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charles A Nock
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Département des sciences biologiques, Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William C Parker
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - John D Parker
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - John A Parrotta
- USDA Forest Service, Research & Development, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gustavo B Paterno
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael P Perring
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, UK
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel Piotto
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna, Brazil
| | | | - Quentin Ponette
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Julius Quosh
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Boris Rewald
- Forest Ecology, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Forest Ecosystem Research, Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Douglas L Godbold
- Forest Ecology, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Forest Ecosystem Research, Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jasper van Ruijven
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Forest Ecology and Management group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel J Standish
- School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Artur Stefanski
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Leti Sundawati
- Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Institut Pertanian Bogor University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Jon Urgoiti
- Département des sciences biologiques, Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laura J Williams
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian J Wilsey
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Baiyu Yang
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban and Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban and Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban and Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongchuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hans Sandén
- Forest Ecology, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Ebeling
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martyna M Kotowska
- Department of Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cecilia Palmborg
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - David Tilman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Enrong Yan
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban and Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China.
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Emmenegger M, Worth R, Fiedler S, Devenish SRA, Knowles TPJ, Aguzzi A. Protocol to determine antibody affinity and concentration in complex solutions using microfluidic antibody affinity profiling. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102095. [PMID: 36853663 PMCID: PMC9925161 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional methods of measuring affinity are limited by artificial immobilization, large sample volumes, and homogeneous solutions. This protocol describes microfluidic antibody affinity profiling on complex human samples in solution to obtain a fingerprint reflecting both affinity and active concentration of the target protein. To illustrate the protocol, we analyze the antibody response in SARS-CoV-2 omicron-naïve samples against different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. However, the protocol and the technology are amenable to a broad spectrum of biomedical questions. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Emmenegger et al. (2022),1 Schneider et al. (2022),2 and Fiedler et al. (2022).3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Emmenegger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Roland Worth
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, UK
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, UK
| | - Sean R A Devenish
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, UK
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baron J, Bauernhofer L, Devenish SRA, Fiedler S, Ilsley A, Riedl S, Zweytick D, Glueck D, Pessentheiner A, Durand G, Keller S. FULL-MDS: Fluorescent Universal Lipid Labeling for Microfluidic Diffusional Sizing. Anal Chem 2022; 95:587-593. [PMID: 36574263 PMCID: PMC9850350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic diffusional sizing (MDS) is a recent and powerful method for determining the hydrodynamic sizes and interactions of biomolecules and nanoparticles. A major benefit of MDS is that it can report the size of a fluorescently labeled target even in mixtures with complex, unpurified samples. However, a limitation of MDS is that the target itself has to be purified and covalently labeled with a fluorescent dye. Such covalent labeling is not suitable for crude extracts such as native nanodiscs directly obtained from cellular membranes. In this study, we introduce fluorescent universal lipid labeling for MDS (FULL-MDS) as a sparse, noncovalent labeling method for determining particle size. We first demonstrate that the inexpensive and well-characterized fluorophore, Nile blue, spontaneously partitions into lipid nanoparticles without disrupting their structure. We then highlight the key advantage of FULL-MDS by showing that it yields robust size information on lipid nanoparticles in crude cell extracts that are not amenable to other sizing methods. Furthermore, even for synthetic nanodiscs, FULL-MDS is faster, cheaper, and simpler than existing labeling schemes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Baron
- Biophysics,
Institute of Molecular Biosciences (IMB), NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50/III, Graz 8010, Austria,Field
of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Lena Bauernhofer
- Biophysics,
Institute of Molecular Biosciences (IMB), NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50/III, Graz 8010, Austria,Field
of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Sean R. A. Devenish
- The
Paddocks Business Centre, Fluidic Analytics
Ltd., Unit A, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- The
Paddocks Business Centre, Fluidic Analytics
Ltd., Unit A, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Ilsley
- The
Paddocks Business Centre, Fluidic Analytics
Ltd., Unit A, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - Sabrina Riedl
- Biophysics,
Institute of Molecular Biosciences (IMB), NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50/III, Graz 8010, Austria,Field
of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Dagmar Zweytick
- Biophysics,
Institute of Molecular Biosciences (IMB), NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50/III, Graz 8010, Austria,Field
of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - David Glueck
- Biophysics,
Institute of Molecular Biosciences (IMB), NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50/III, Graz 8010, Austria,Field
of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Ariane Pessentheiner
- Biophysics,
Institute of Molecular Biosciences (IMB), NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50/III, Graz 8010, Austria,Field
of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Grégory Durand
- Equipe
Synthèse et Systèmes Colloïdaux Bio-organiques,
Unité Propre de Recherche et d’Innovation, Avignon Université, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, Avignon 84916 CEDEX 9, France,CHEM2STAB, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, Avignon 84916 CEDEX 9, France
| | - Sandro Keller
- Biophysics,
Institute of Molecular Biosciences (IMB), NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50/III, Graz 8010, Austria,Field
of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fiedler S, Devenish SRA, Morgunov AS, Ilsley A, Ricci F, Emmenegger M, Kosmoliaptsis V, Theel ES, Mills JR, Sholukh AM, Aguzzi A, Iwasaki A, Lynn AK, Knowles TPJ. Serological fingerprints link antiviral activity of therapeutic antibodies to affinity and concentration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19791. [PMID: 36396691 PMCID: PMC9672333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is highly variable. As target recognition of mAbs relies on tight binding affinity, we assessed the affinities of five therapeutic mAbs to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of wild type (A), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.1.529.1) spike using microfluidic diffusional sizing (MDS). Four therapeutic mAbs showed strongly reduced affinity to Omicron BA.1 RBD, whereas one (sotrovimab) was less impacted. These affinity reductions correlate with reduced antiviral activities suggesting that affinity could serve as a rapid indicator for activity before time-consuming virus neutralization assays are performed. We also compared the same mAbs to serological fingerprints (affinity and concentration) obtained by MDS of antibodies in sera of 65 convalescent individuals. The affinities of the therapeutic mAbs to wild type and Delta RBD were similar to the serum antibody response, indicating high antiviral activities. For Omicron BA.1 RBD, only sotrovimab retained affinities within the range of the serum antibody response, in agreement with high antiviral activity. These results suggest that serological fingerprints provide a route to evaluating affinity and antiviral activity of mAb drugs and could guide the development of new therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Fiedler
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge, CB1 8DH, UK.
| | - Sean R A Devenish
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge, CB1 8DH, UK
| | - Alexey S Morgunov
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge, CB1 8DH, UK
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Alison Ilsley
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge, CB1 8DH, UK
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge, CB1 8DH, UK
| | - Marc Emmenegger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Elitza S Theel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John R Mills
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for MS and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anton M Sholukh
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Andrew K Lynn
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge, CB1 8DH, UK
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge, CB1 8DH, UK.
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Storm S, Bourenkov G, Liz D, Clement B, Agthe M, Von Stetten D, Albers J, Fiedler S, Svergun D, Wilmanns M, Schneider T. EMBL at PETRA4 – an integrated facility for structural biology and imaging. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322094359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
|
8
|
Denninger V, Xu CK, Meisl G, Morgunov AS, Fiedler S, Ilsley A, Emmenegger M, Malik AY, Piziorska MA, Schneider MM, Devenish SRA, Kosmoliaptsis V, Aguzzi A, Fiegler H, Knowles TPJ. Microfluidic Antibody Affinity Profiling Reveals the Role of Memory Reactivation and Cross-Reactivity in the Defense Against SARS-CoV-2. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:790-799. [PMID: 35352558 PMCID: PMC8982494 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent efforts in understanding the course and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections have highlighted both potentially beneficial and detrimental effects of cross-reactive antibodies derived from memory immunity. Specifically, due to a significant degree of sequence similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and other members of the coronavirus family, memory B-cells that emerged from previous infections with endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) could be reactivated upon encountering the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, thus prompting the production of cross-reactive antibodies. Determining the affinity and concentration of these potentially cross-reactive antibodies to the new SARS-CoV-2 antigens is therefore particularly important when assessing both existing immunity against common HCoVs and adverse effects like antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) in COVID-19. However, these two fundamental parameters cannot easily be disentangled by surface-based assays like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), which are routinely used to assess cross-reactivity. Here, we have used microfluidic antibody affinity profiling (MAAP) to quantitatively evaluate the humoral immune response in COVID-19 convalescent patients by determining both antibody affinity and concentration against spike antigens of SARS-CoV-2 directly in nine convalescent COVID-19 patient and three pre-pandemic sera that were seropositive for common HCoVs. All 12 sera contained low concentrations of high-affinity antibodies against spike antigens of HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1, indicative of past exposure to these pathogens, while the affinity against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was lower. These results suggest that cross-reactivity as a consequence of memory reactivation upon an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection may not be a significant factor in generating immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viola Denninger
- Fluidic
Analytics, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine K. Xu
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Meisl
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Alexey S. Morgunov
- Fluidic
Analytics, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Fluidic
Analytics, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Ilsley
- Fluidic
Analytics, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Emmenegger
- Institute
of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anisa Y. Malik
- Fluidic
Analytics, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - Monika A. Piziorska
- Fluidic
Analytics, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias M. Schneider
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sean R. A. Devenish
- Fluidic
Analytics, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis
- Department
of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes
Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- NIHR
Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- NIHR
Cambridge
Biomedical Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute
of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heike Fiegler
- Fluidic
Analytics, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Fluidic
Analytics, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schneider MM, Emmenegger M, Xu CK, Condado Morales I, Meisl G, Turelli P, Zografou C, Zimmermann MR, Frey BM, Fiedler S, Denninger V, Jacquat RP, Madrigal L, Ilsley A, Kosmoliaptsis V, Fiegler H, Trono D, Knowles TP, Aguzzi A. Microfluidic characterisation reveals broad range of SARS-CoV-2 antibody affinity in human plasma. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202101270. [PMID: 34848436 PMCID: PMC8645332 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infections, which can range from asymptomatic to lethal, is crucially shaped by the concentration of antiviral antibodies and by their affinity to their targets. However, the affinity of polyclonal antibody responses in plasma is difficult to measure. Here we used microfluidic antibody affinity profiling (MAAP) to determine the aggregate affinities and concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in plasma samples of 42 seropositive individuals, 19 of which were healthy donors, 20 displayed mild symptoms, and 3 were critically ill. We found that dissociation constants, K d, of anti-receptor-binding domain antibodies spanned 2.5 orders of magnitude from sub-nanomolar to 43 nM. Using MAAP we found that antibodies of seropositive individuals induced the dissociation of pre-formed spike-ACE2 receptor complexes, which indicates that MAAP can be adapted as a complementary receptor competition assay. By comparison with cytopathic effect-based neutralisation assays, we show that MAAP can reliably predict the cellular neutralisation ability of sera, which may be an important consideration when selecting the most effective samples for therapeutic plasmapheresis and tracking the success of vaccinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias M Schneider
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marc Emmenegger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine K Xu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Georg Meisl
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Priscilla Turelli
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chryssa Zografou
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuela R Zimmermann
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Beat M Frey
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Viola Denninger
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A, Paddocks Business Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raphaël Pb Jacquat
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lidia Madrigal
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alison Ilsley
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A, Paddocks Business Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heike Fiegler
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A, Paddocks Business Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Didier Trono
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tuomas Pj Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fiedler S, Piziorska MA, Denninger V, Morgunov AS, Ilsley A, Malik AY, Schneider MM, Devenish SRA, Meisl G, Kosmoliaptsis V, Aguzzi A, Fiegler H, Knowles TPJ. Antibody Affinity Governs the Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Spike/ACE2 Binding in Patient Serum. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2362-2369. [PMID: 33876632 PMCID: PMC8084272 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The humoral immune response plays a key role in suppressing the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. The molecular determinants underlying the neutralization of the virus remain, however, incompletely understood. Here, we show that the ability of antibodies to disrupt the binding of the viral spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on the cell, the key molecular event initiating SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, is controlled by the affinity of these antibodies to the viral antigen. By using microfluidic antibody-affinity profiling, we were able to quantify the serum-antibody mediated inhibition of ACE2-spike binding in two SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals. Measurements to determine the affinity, concentration, and neutralization potential of antibodies were performed directly in human serum. Using this approach, we demonstrate that the level of inhibition in both samples can be quantitatively described using the dissociation constants (KD) of the binary interactions between the ACE2 receptor and the spike protein as well as the spike protein and the neutralizing antibody. These experiments represent a new type of in-solution receptor binding competition assay, which has further potential applications, ranging from decisions on donor selection for convalescent plasma therapy, to identification of lead candidates in therapeutic antibody development, and vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Fiedler
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A,
The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United
Kingdom
| | - Monika A. Piziorska
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A,
The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United
Kingdom
| | - Viola Denninger
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A,
The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United
Kingdom
| | - Alexey S. Morgunov
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A,
The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United
Kingdom
| | - Alison Ilsley
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A,
The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United
Kingdom
| | - Anisa Y. Malik
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A,
The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United
Kingdom
| | - Matthias M. Schneider
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied
Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sean R. A. Devenish
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A,
The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United
Kingdom
| | - Georg Meisl
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied
Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis
- Department of Surgery, University of
Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United
Kingdom
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ
Donation and Transplantation, University of Cambridge, Hills
Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research
Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United
Kingdom
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of
Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heike Fiegler
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A,
The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United
Kingdom
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied
Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics,
University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3
0HE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fiedler S, Monteiro JAF, Hulvey KB, Standish RJ, Perring MP, Tietjen B. Global change shifts trade‐offs among ecosystem functions in woodlands restored for multifunctionality. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Fiedler
- Freie Universität Berlin Theoretical Ecology Institute of Biology Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
- Department of Ecological Modelling University Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - José A. F. Monteiro
- Freie Universität Berlin Theoretical Ecology Institute of Biology Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
- Statistical Office Basel‐Stadt Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Rachel J. Standish
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch WA Australia
| | - Michael P. Perring
- Forest & Nature Lab Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
- Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology Research Group School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology)Environment Centre Wales Bangor UK
| | - Britta Tietjen
- Freie Universität Berlin Theoretical Ecology Institute of Biology Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu J, Li M, Zhang X, Fiedler S, Gao Q, Zhou Y, Cao W, Hassan W, Mărgărint MC, Tarolli P, Tietjen B. Disentangling climatic and anthropogenic contributions to nonlinear dynamics of alpine grassland productivity on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. J Environ Manage 2021; 281:111875. [PMID: 33378737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are sensitive and vulnerable to climate change and human activities. Climate warming and overgrazing have already caused degradation in a large fraction of alpine grasslands on this plateau. However, it remains unclear how human activities (mainly livestock grazing) regulates vegetation dynamics under climate change. Here, alpine grassland productivity (substituted with the normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) is hypothesized to vary in a nonlinear trajectory to follow climate fluctuations and human disturbances. With generalized additive mixed modelling (GAMM) and residual-trend (RESTREND) analysis together, both magnitude and direction of climatic (in terms of temperature, precipitation, and radiation) and anthropogenic impacts on NDVI variation were examined across alpine meadows, steppes, and desert-steppes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The results revealed that accelerating warming and greening, respectively, took place in 76.2% and 78.8% of alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The relative importance of temperature, precipitation, and radiation impacts was comparable, between 20.4% and 24.8%, and combined to explain 66.2% of NDVI variance at the pixel scale. The human influence was strengthening and weakening, respectively, in 15.5% and 14.3% of grassland pixels, being slightly larger than any sole climatic variable across the entire plateau. Anthropogenic and climatic factors can be in opposite ways to affect alpine grasslands, even within the same grassland type, likely regulated by plant community assembly and species functional traits. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms of how plant functional diversity regulates nonlinear ecosystem response to climatic and anthropogenic stresses should be carefully explored in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianshuang Wu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Theoretical Ecology, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Meng Li
- Lhasa National Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China; School of Geographic Sciences, Nantong University, 226007, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xianzhou Zhang
- Lhasa National Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Theoretical Ecology, 14195, Berlin, Germany; University Bayreuth, Department of Ecological Modelling, 95448, Bayreuth, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Qingzhu Gao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- Department of Geography, Oklahoma State University, OK, 74078, Stillwater, USA
| | - Wenfang Cao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China; Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Waseem Hassan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Mihai Ciprian Mărgărint
- Department of Geography, Geography and Geology Faculty, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, 700505, RO, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Paolo Tarolli
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Britta Tietjen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Theoretical Ecology, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chan DTY, Jenkinson L, Haynes SW, Austin M, Diamandakis A, Burschowsky D, Seewooruthun C, Addyman A, Fiedler S, Ryman S, Whitehouse J, Slater LH, Gowans E, Shibata Y, Barnard M, Wilkinson RW, Vaughan TJ, Holt SV, Cerundolo V, Carr MD, Groves MAT. Extensive sequence and structural evolution of Arginase 2 inhibitory antibodies enabled by an unbiased approach to affinity maturation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16949-16960. [PMID: 32616569 PMCID: PMC7382286 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919565117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Affinity maturation is a powerful technique in antibody engineering for the in vitro evolution of antigen binding interactions. Key to the success of this process is the expansion of sequence and combinatorial diversity to increase the structural repertoire from which superior binding variants may be selected. However, conventional strategies are often restrictive and only focus on small regions of the antibody at a time. In this study, we used a method that combined antibody chain shuffling and a staggered-extension process to produce unbiased libraries, which recombined beneficial mutations from all six complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) in the affinity maturation of an inhibitory antibody to Arginase 2 (ARG2). We made use of the vast display capacity of ribosome display to accommodate the sequence space required for the diverse library builds. Further diversity was introduced through pool maturation to optimize seven leads of interest simultaneously. This resulted in antibodies with substantial improvements in binding properties and inhibition potency. The extensive sequence changes resulting from this approach were translated into striking structural changes for parent and affinity-matured antibodies bound to ARG2, with a large reorientation of the binding paratope facilitating increases in contact surface and shape complementarity to the antigen. The considerable gains in therapeutic properties seen from extensive sequence and structural evolution of the parent ARG2 inhibitory antibody clearly illustrate the advantages of the unbiased approach developed, which was key to the identification of high-affinity antibodies with the desired inhibitory potency and specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denice T Y Chan
- Cancer Research UK-AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, CB21 6GP Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Jenkinson
- Cancer Research UK-AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, CB21 6GP Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart W Haynes
- Cancer Research UK-AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, CB21 6GP Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Austin
- Cancer Research UK-AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, CB21 6GP Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals Research & Development, AstraZeneca, CB21 6GH Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Agata Diamandakis
- Cancer Research UK-AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, CB21 6GP Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Burschowsky
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7HB Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7HB Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Chitra Seewooruthun
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7HB Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7HB Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Addyman
- Cancer Research UK-AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, CB21 6GP Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Cancer Research UK-AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, CB21 6GP Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Ryman
- Cancer Research UK-AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, CB21 6GP Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Whitehouse
- Cancer Research UK-AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, CB21 6GP Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Louise H Slater
- Cancer Research UK-AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, CB21 6GP Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen Gowans
- Cancer Research UK-AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, CB21 6GP Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yoko Shibata
- Cancer Research UK-AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, CB21 6GP Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Barnard
- Cancer Research UK-AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, CB21 6GP Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W Wilkinson
- Early Oncology Discovery, Oncology Research & Development, AstraZeneca, CB21 6GH Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan J Vaughan
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals Research & Development, AstraZeneca, CB21 6GH Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah V Holt
- Cancer Research UK-AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, CB21 6GP Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Carr
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7HB Leicester, United Kingdom;
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7HB Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Maria A T Groves
- Cancer Research UK-AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, CB21 6GP Cambridge, United Kingdom;
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals Research & Development, AstraZeneca, CB21 6GH Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hofmann I, Kemter E, Theobalt N, Fiedler S, Bidlingmaier M, Hinrichs A, Aichler M, Burkhardt K, Klymiuk N, Wolf E, Wanke R, Blutke A. Linkage between growth retardation and pituitary cell morphology in a dystrophin-deficient pig model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 51:6-16. [PMID: 31926372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) commonly exhibit a short stature, but the pathogenesis of this growth retardation is not completely understood. Due to the suspected involvement of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH/IGF1) system, controversial therapeutic approaches have been developed, including both GH- administration, as well as GH-inhibition. In the present study, we examined relevant histomorphological and ultrastructural features of adenohypophyseal GH-producing somatotroph cells in a porcine DMD model. METHODS The numbers and volumes of immunohistochemically labelled somatotroph cells were determined in consecutive semi-thin sections of plastic resin embedded adenohypophyseal tissue samples using unbiased state-of-the-art quantitative stereological analysis methods. RESULTS DMD pigs displayed a significant growth retardation, accounting for a 55% reduction of body weight, accompanied by a significant 50% reduction of the number of somatotroph cells, as compared to controls. However, the mean volumes of somatotroph cells and the volume of GH-granules per cell were not altered. Western blot analyses of the adenohypophyseal protein samples showed no differences in the relative adenohypophyseal GH-abundance between DMD pigs and controls. CONCLUSION The findings of this study do not provide evidence for involvement of somatotroph cells in the pathogenesis of growth retardation of DMD pigs. These results are in contrast with previous findings in other dystrophin-deficient animal models, such as the golden retriever model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, where increased mean somatotroph cell volumes and elevated volumes of intracellular GH-granules were reported and associated with DMD-related growth retardation. Possible reasons for the differences of somatotroph morphology observed in different DMD models are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Hofmann
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - E Kemter
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Centre and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Centre for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - N Theobalt
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - S Fiedler
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Bidlingmaier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Hinrichs
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Centre and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Centre for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - M Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K Burkhardt
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Centre and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Centre for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - N Klymiuk
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Centre and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Centre for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - E Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Centre and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Centre for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleißheim, Germany; Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - R Wanke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Blutke
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bellouin N, Quaas J, Gryspeerdt E, Kinne S, Stier P, Watson‐Parris D, Boucher O, Carslaw KS, Christensen M, Daniau A, Dufresne J, Feingold G, Fiedler S, Forster P, Gettelman A, Haywood JM, Lohmann U, Malavelle F, Mauritsen T, McCoy DT, Myhre G, Mülmenstädt J, Neubauer D, Possner A, Rugenstein M, Sato Y, Schulz M, Schwartz SE, Sourdeval O, Storelvmo T, Toll V, Winker D, Stevens B. Bounding Global Aerosol Radiative Forcing of Climate Change. Rev Geophys 2020; 58:e2019RG000660. [PMID: 32734279 PMCID: PMC7384191 DOI: 10.1029/2019rg000660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aerosols interact with radiation and clouds. Substantial progress made over the past 40 years in observing, understanding, and modeling these processes helped quantify the imbalance in the Earth's radiation budget caused by anthropogenic aerosols, called aerosol radiative forcing, but uncertainties remain large. This review provides a new range of aerosol radiative forcing over the industrial era based on multiple, traceable, and arguable lines of evidence, including modeling approaches, theoretical considerations, and observations. Improved understanding of aerosol absorption and the causes of trends in surface radiative fluxes constrain the forcing from aerosol-radiation interactions. A robust theoretical foundation and convincing evidence constrain the forcing caused by aerosol-driven increases in liquid cloud droplet number concentration. However, the influence of anthropogenic aerosols on cloud liquid water content and cloud fraction is less clear, and the influence on mixed-phase and ice clouds remains poorly constrained. Observed changes in surface temperature and radiative fluxes provide additional constraints. These multiple lines of evidence lead to a 68% confidence interval for the total aerosol effective radiative forcing of -1.6 to -0.6 W m-2, or -2.0 to -0.4 W m-2 with a 90% likelihood. Those intervals are of similar width to the last Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment but shifted toward more negative values. The uncertainty will narrow in the future by continuing to critically combine multiple lines of evidence, especially those addressing industrial-era changes in aerosol sources and aerosol effects on liquid cloud amount and on ice clouds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Bellouin
- Department of MeteorologyUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - J. Quaas
- Institute for MeteorologyUniversität LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - E. Gryspeerdt
- Space and Atmospheric Physics GroupImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - S. Kinne
- Max Planck Institute for MeteorologyHamburgGermany
| | - P. Stier
- Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Department of PhysicsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - D. Watson‐Parris
- Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Department of PhysicsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - O. Boucher
- Institut Pierre‐Simon Laplace, Sorbonne Université/CNRSParisFrance
| | - K. S. Carslaw
- School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - M. Christensen
- Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Department of PhysicsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - A.‐L. Daniau
- EPOC, UMR 5805, CNRS‐Université de BordeauxPessacFrance
| | - J.‐L. Dufresne
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/IPSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Ecole PolytechniqueParisFrance
| | - G. Feingold
- NOAA ESRL Chemical Sciences DivisionBoulderCOUSA
| | - S. Fiedler
- Max Planck Institute for MeteorologyHamburgGermany
- Now at Institut für Geophysik und MeteorologieUniversität zu KölnKölnGermany
| | - P. Forster
- Priestley International Centre for ClimateUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - A. Gettelman
- National Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderCOUSA
| | - J. M. Haywood
- CEMPSUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
- UK Met Office Hadley CentreExeterUK
| | - U. Lohmann
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate ScienceETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - T. Mauritsen
- Department of MeteorologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - D. T. McCoy
- School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - G. Myhre
- Center for International Climate and Environmental Research‐Oslo (CICERO)OsloNorway
| | - J. Mülmenstädt
- Institute for MeteorologyUniversität LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - D. Neubauer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate ScienceETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - A. Possner
- Department of Global EcologyCarnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordCAUSA
- Now at Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental SciencesGoethe UniversityFrankfurtGermany
| | | | - Y. Sato
- Department of Applied Energy, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Now at Faculty of Science, Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - M. Schulz
- Climate Modelling and Air Pollution Section, Research and Development DepartmentNorwegian Meteorological InstituteOsloNorway
| | - S. E. Schwartz
- Brookhaven National Laboratory Environmental and Climate Sciences DepartmentUptonNYUSA
| | - O. Sourdeval
- Institute for MeteorologyUniversität LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Laboratoire d'Optique AtmosphériqueUniversité de LilleVilleneuve d'AscqFrance
| | - T. Storelvmo
- Department of GeosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - V. Toll
- Department of MeteorologyUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
- Now at Institute of PhysicsUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - D. Winker
- NASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVAUSA
| | - B. Stevens
- Max Planck Institute for MeteorologyHamburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Azouz M, Gonin M, Fiedler S, Faherty J, Decossas M, Cullin C, Villette S, Lafleur M, D Alves I, Lecomte S, Ciaccafava A. Microfluidic diffusional sizing probes lipid nanodiscs formation. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2020; 1862:183215. [PMID: 32061645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The biophysical characterisation of membrane proteins and their interactions with lipids in native membrane habitat remains a major challenge. Indeed, traditional solubilisation procedures with detergents often causes the loss of native lipids surrounding membrane proteins, which ultimately impacts structural and functional properties. Recently, copolymer-based nanodiscs have emerged as a highly promising tool, thanks to their unique ability of solubilising membrane proteins directly from native membranes, in the shape of discoidal patches of lipid bilayers. While this methodology finally set us free from the use of detergents, some limitations are however associated with the use of such copolymers. Among them, one can cite the tedious control of the nanodiscs size, their instability in basic pH and in the presence of divalent cations. In this respect, many variants of the widely used Styrene Maleic Acid (SMA) copolymer have been developed to specifically address those limitations. With the multiplication of new SMA copolymer variants and the growing interest in copolymer-based nanodiscs for the characterisation of membrane proteins, there is a need to better understand and control their formation. Among the techniques used to characterise the solubilisation of lipid bilayer by amphipathic molecules, cryo-TEM, 31P NMR, DLS, ITC and fluorescence spectroscopy are the most widely used, with a consensus made in the sense that a combination of these techniques is required. In this work, we propose to evaluate the capacity of Microfluidic Diffusional Sizing (MDS) as a new method to follow copolymer nanodiscs formation. Originally designed to determine protein size through laminar flow diffusion, we present a novel application along with a protocol development to observe nanodiscs formation by MDS. We show that MDS allows to precisely measure the size of nanodiscs, and to determine the copolymer/lipid ratio at the onset of solubilisation. Finally, we use MDS to characterise peptide/nanodisc interaction. The technique shows a promising ability to highlight the pivotal role of lipids in promoting interactions through a case study with an aggregating peptide. This confirmed the relevance of using the MDS and nanodiscs as biomimetic models for such investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Azouz
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN UMR 5248, Bat B14 Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mathilde Gonin
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN UMR 5248, Bat B14 Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Fluidic Analytics Ltd, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Rd, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Faherty
- Fluidic Analytics Ltd, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Rd, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - Marion Decossas
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN UMR 5248, Bat B14 Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Christophe Cullin
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN UMR 5248, Bat B14 Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sandrine Villette
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN UMR 5248, Bat B14 Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Michel Lafleur
- Department of chemistry, Université de Montréal, 2900, Édouard-Montpetit blvd., Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabel D Alves
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN UMR 5248, Bat B14 Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN UMR 5248, Bat B14 Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Alexandre Ciaccafava
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN UMR 5248, Bat B14 Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Austin M, Burschowsky D, Chan DT, Jenkinson L, Haynes S, Diamandakis A, Seewooruthun C, Addyman A, Fiedler S, Ryman S, Whitehouse J, Slater LH, Hadjinicolaou AV, Gileadi U, Gowans E, Shibata Y, Barnard M, Kaserer T, Sharma P, Luheshi NM, Wilkinson RW, Vaughan TJ, Holt SV, Cerundolo V, Carr MD, Groves MAT. Structural and functional characterization of C0021158, a high-affinity monoclonal antibody that inhibits Arginase 2 function via a novel non-competitive mechanism of action. MAbs 2020; 12:1801230. [PMID: 32880207 PMCID: PMC7531564 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1801230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginase 2 (ARG2) is a binuclear manganese metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine. The dysregulated expression of ARG2 within specific tumor microenvironments generates an immunosuppressive niche that effectively renders the tumor 'invisible' to the host's immune system. Increased ARG2 expression leads to a concomitant depletion of local L-arginine levels, which in turn leads to suppression of anti-tumor T-cell-mediated immune responses. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a high affinity antibody (C0021158) that inhibits ARG2 enzymatic function completely, effectively restoring T-cell proliferation in vitro. Enzyme kinetic studies confirmed that C0021158 exhibits a noncompetitive mechanism of action, inhibiting ARG2 independently of L-arginine concentrations. To elucidate C0021158's inhibitory mechanism at a structural level, the co-crystal structure of the Fab in complex with trimeric ARG2 was solved. C0021158's epitope was consequently mapped to an area some distance from the enzyme's substrate binding cleft, indicating an allosteric mechanism was being employed. Following C0021158 binding, distinct regions of ARG2 undergo major conformational changes. Notably, the backbone structure of a surface-exposed loop is completely rearranged, leading to the formation of a new short helix structure at the Fab-ARG2 interface. Moreover, this large-scale structural remodeling at ARG2's epitope translates into more subtle changes within the enzyme's active site. An arginine residue at position 39 is reoriented inwards, sterically impeding the binding of L-arginine. Arg39 is also predicted to alter the pKA of a key catalytic histidine residue at position 160, further attenuating ARG2's enzymatic function. In silico molecular docking simulations predict that L-arginine is unable to bind effectively when antibody is bound, a prediction supported by isothermal calorimetry experiments using an L-arginine mimetic. Specifically, targeting ARG2 in the tumor microenvironment through the application of C0021158, potentially in combination with standard chemotherapy regimens or alternate immunotherapies, represents a potential new strategy to target immune cold tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Austin
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Burschowsky
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Denice T.Y. Chan
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lesley Jenkinson
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stuart Haynes
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Agata Diamandakis
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chitra Seewooruthun
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alexandra Addyman
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephanie Ryman
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jessica Whitehouse
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louise H. Slater
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas V. Hadjinicolaou
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ellen Gowans
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yoko Shibata
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michelle Barnard
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Teresa Kaserer
- Cancer Research UK, Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nadia M. Luheshi
- Early Oncology Discovery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Tristan J. Vaughan
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah V. Holt
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark D. Carr
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Maria A. T. Groves
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pfaff H, Fiedler S. Health literacy of commercial industry managers: an exploratory qualitative study in Germany. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Managers have been neglected in health literacy research. There still is little known about the health literacy status and needs of commercial industry managers. This study reduces the existing knowledge gap by presenting findings of an exploratory qualitative study.
Methods
We conducted 23 separate semi-structured interviews of managers from all management levels (low, middle and top) and experts in the field of health management and/or personnel management. The qualitative interviews were analysed according to Mayring’s content analytic approach using MAXQDA.
Results
The findings indicate that managers do have considerable information levels about existing health topics and relevant problems but have difficulties of discernment as to which sources of information can be activated or accessed in a timely fashion due to work and information overload. Even those who devise strategies often fail in implementing health-literate behavior. Experts and managers had fairly consistent views on the importance of health literacy among managers. Most agreed that mental health was neglected and that company conditions were important in influencing the ability to act in a way that promoted health literacy. The findings also show that strengthening of managerial self-perception, self-regulation and self-control, raising awareness and ability to take personal responsibility for one’s own health, developing skills in handling large amounts of information and fostering open and trusting communication are all essential.
Conclusions
The findings provide specific points which are important for promoting health literacy among managers. The study underscores the need to incorporate and integrate different perspectives in the implementation of health literacy interventions. To develop health-promoting companies, further research has to provide guides to action for managers and investigate ways in which health literacy can be promoted among managers on all hierarchical levels.
Key messages
Industry managers in this study agreed that their mental health has been neglected and company conditions were important in influencing the ability to act in a way that promoted health literacy. This study reduces the knowledge gap about the health literacy of managers. Further research should focus on promoting mental health and providing guides to action for managers and companies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Pfaff
- IMVR, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Fiedler
- IMVR, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu J, Li M, Fiedler S, Ma W, Wang X, Zhang X, Tietjen B. Impacts of grazing exclusion on productivity partitioning along regional plant diversity and climatic gradients in Tibetan alpine grasslands. J Environ Manage 2019; 231:635-645. [PMID: 30390448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The biodiversity-productivity relationship is critical for better predicting ecosystem responses to climate change and human disturbance. However, it remains unclear about the effects of climate change, land use shifts, plant diversity, and their interactions on productivity partitioning above- and below-ground components in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. To answer this question, we conducted field surveys at 33 grazed vs. fenced paired sites that are distributed across the alpine meadow, steppe, and desert-steppe zones on the northern Tibetan Plateau in early August of 2010-2013. Generalized additive models (GAMs) showed that aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) linearly increased with growing season precipitation (GSP) while belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) decreased with growing season temperature (GST). Compared to grazed sites, short-term fencing did not alter the patterns of ANPP along climatic gradients but tended to decrease BNPP at moderate precipitation levels of 200 mm < GSP <450 mm. We also found that ANPP and BNPP linearly increased with species richness, ANPP decreased with Shannon diversity index, and BNPP did not correlate with the Shannon diversity index. Fencing did not alter the relationships between productivity components and plant diversity indices. Generalized additive mixed models furtherly confirmed that the interaction of localized plant diversity and climatic condition nonlinearly regulated productivity partitioning of alpine grasslands in this area. Finally, structural equation models (SEMs) revealed the direction and strength of causal links between biotic and abiotic variables within alpine grassland ecosystems. ANPP was controlled directly by GSP (0.53) and indirectly via species richness (0.41) and Shannon index (-0.12). In contrast, BNPP was influenced directly by GST (-0.43) and indirectly by GSP via species richness (0.05) and Shannon index (-0.02). Therefore, we recommend using a joint approach of GAMs and SEMs for better understanding mechanisms behind the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function under climate change and human disturbance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianshuang Wu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lhasa National Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, 100101 Beijing, China; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Biodiversity/Theoretical Ecology, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lhasa National Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Biodiversity/Theoretical Ecology, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Weiling Ma
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lhasa National Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lhasa National Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, 100101 Beijing, China; Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Department of Animal Sciences, 860000 Linzhi, China
| | - Xianzhou Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lhasa National Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Britta Tietjen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Biodiversity/Theoretical Ecology, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Geissler K, Fiedler S, Ni J, Herzschuh U, Jeltsch F. Combined effects of grazing and climate warming drive shrub dominance on the Tibetan Plateau. Rangel J 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/rj19027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Encroachment of shrubs into the unique pastoral grassland ecosystems of the Tibetan Plateau has significant impact on ecosystem services, especially forage production. We developed a process-based ecohydrological model to identify the relative importance of the main drivers of shrub encroachment for the alpine meadows within the Qinghai province. Specifically, we explored the effects of summer livestock grazing (intensity and type of livestock) together with the effects of climate warming, including interactions between herbaceous and woody vegetation and feedback loops between soil, water and vegetation. Under current climatic conditions and a traditional herd composition, an increasing grazing intensity above a threshold value of 0.32±0.10 large stock units (LSU) ha−1 day−1 changes the vegetation composition from herbaceous towards a woody and bare soil dominated system. Very high grazing intensity (above 0.8 LSU ha−1 day−1) leads to a complete loss of any vegetation. Under warmer conditions, the vegetation showed a higher resilience against livestock farming. This resilience is enhanced when the herd has a higher browser:grazer ratio. A cooler climate has a shrub encroaching effect, whereas warmer conditions increase the cover of the herbaceous vegetation. This effect was primarily due to season length and an accompanied competitive loss of slower growing shrubs, rather than evaporative water loss leading to less soil water in deeper soil layers for deeper rooting shrubs. If climate warming is driving current shrub encroachment, we conclude it is only indirectly so. It would be manifest by an advancing shrubline and could be regarded as a climatic escape of specific shrub species such as Potentilla fruticosa. Under the recent high intensity of grazing, only herding by more browsing animals can potentially prevent both shrub encroachment and the complete loss of herbaceous vegetation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Drechsler C, Markones M, Choi JY, Frieling N, Fiedler S, Voelker DR, Schubert R, Heerklotz H. Preparation of Asymmetric Liposomes Using a Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylase. Biophys J 2018; 115:1509-1517. [PMID: 30266319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid asymmetries between the outer and inner leaflet of the lipid bilayer exist in nearly all biological membranes. Although living cells spend great effort to adjust and maintain these asymmetries, little is known about the biophysical phenomena within asymmetric membranes and their role in cellular function. One reason for this lack of insight into such a fundamental membrane property is the fact that the majority of model-membrane studies have been performed on symmetric membranes. Our aim is to overcome this problem by employing a targeted, enzymatic reaction to prepare asymmetric liposomes with phosphatidylserine (PS) primarily in the inner leaflet. To achieve this goal, we use a recombinant version of a water soluble PS decarboxylase from Plasmodium knowlesi, which selectively decarboxylates PS in the outer leaflet, converting it to phosphatidylethanolamine. The extent of decarboxylation is quantified using high-performance thin-layer chromatography, and the local concentration of anionic PS in the outer leaflet is monitored in terms of the ζ potential. Starting, for example, with 21 mol % 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine sodium salt, the assay leads to liposomes with 21 mol % in the inner and 6 mol % PS in the outer leaflet. This asymmetry persists virtually unchanged for at least 4 days at 20°C and at least 2 days at 40°C. The use of a highly specific enzyme carries the advantage that a minor component such as PS can be adjusted without affecting or being affected by the other lipid species present in the model membrane. The phenomena governing the residual outside PS content are addressed but warrant further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Drechsler
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie Markones
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jae-Yeon Choi
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Niklas Frieling
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dennis R Voelker
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Rolf Schubert
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Heerklotz
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Settele F, Zwarg M, Fiedler S, Koscheinz D, Bosse-Doenecke E. Construction and Selection of Affilin ® Phage Display Libraries. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1701:205-238. [PMID: 29116507 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7447-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Affilin® molecules represent a new class of so-called scaffold proteins. The concept of scaffold proteins is to use stable and versatile protein structures which can be endowed with de novo binding properties and specificities by introducing mutations in surface exposed amino acid residues. Complex variations and combinations are generated by genetic methods of randomization resulting in large cDNA libraries. The selection for candidates binding to a desired target can be executed by display methods, especially the very robust and flexible phage display. Here, we describe the construction of ubiquitin based Affilin® phage display libraries and their use in biopanning experiments for the identification of novel protein ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Settele
- Navigo Proteins GmbH, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 1, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Madlen Zwarg
- Navigo Proteins GmbH, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 1, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Navigo Proteins GmbH, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 1, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Daniel Koscheinz
- Navigo Proteins GmbH, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 1, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eva Bosse-Doenecke
- Navigo Proteins GmbH, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 1, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Guo T, Weise H, Fiedler S, Lohmann D, Tietjen B. The role of landscape heterogeneity in regulating plant functional diversity under different precipitation and grazing regimes in semi-arid savannas. Ecol Modell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
24
|
Fiedler S, Perring MP, Tietjen B. Integrating trait-based empirical and modeling research to improve ecological restoration. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:6369-6380. [PMID: 29988431 PMCID: PMC6024147 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A global ecological restoration agenda has led to ambitious programs in environmental policy to mitigate declines in biodiversity and ecosystem services. Current restoration programs can incompletely return desired ecosystem service levels, while resilience of restored ecosystems to future threats is unknown. It is therefore essential to advance understanding and better utilize knowledge from ecological literature in restoration approaches. We identified an incomplete linkage between global change ecology, ecosystem function research, and restoration ecology. This gap impedes a full understanding of the interactive effects of changing environmental factors on the long-term provision of ecosystem functions and a quantification of trade-offs and synergies among multiple services. Approaches that account for the effects of multiple changing factors on the composition of plant traits and their direct and indirect impact on the provision of ecosystem functions and services can close this gap. However, studies on this multilayered relationship are currently missing. We therefore propose an integrated restoration agenda complementing trait-based empirical studies with simulation modeling. We introduce an ongoing case study to demonstrate how this framework could allow systematic assessment of the impacts of interacting environmental factors on long-term service provisioning. Our proposed agenda will benefit restoration programs by suggesting plant species compositions with specific traits that maximize the supply of multiple ecosystem services in the long term. Once the suggested compositions have been implemented in actual restoration projects, these assemblages should be monitored to assess whether they are resilient as well as to improve model parameterization. Additionally, the integration of empirical and simulation modeling research can improve global outcomes by raising the awareness of which restoration goals can be achieved, due to the quantification of trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services under a wide range of environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Fiedler
- Biodiversity/Theoretical EcologyInstitute of BiologyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
| | - Michael P. Perring
- Forest and Nature LabGhent UniversityGontrode‐MelleBelgium
- Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology Research GroupSchool of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | - Britta Tietjen
- Biodiversity/Theoretical EcologyInstitute of BiologyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Markones M, Drechsler C, Kaiser M, Kalie L, Heerklotz H, Fiedler S. Engineering Asymmetric Lipid Vesicles: Accurate and Convenient Control of the Outer Leaflet Lipid Composition. Langmuir 2018; 34:1999-2005. [PMID: 29294294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric distribution of lipids between the two bilayer leaflets represents a typical feature of biological membranes. The loss of this asymmetry, for example the exposure of negatively charged lipids on the extracellular membrane leaflet of mammalian cells, is involved in apoptosis and occurs in tumor cells. Thus, the controlled production of asymmetric liposomes helps to better understand such crucial cellular processes. Here, we present an approach that allows us to design asymmetric model-membrane experiments on a rational basis and predict the fraction of exchanged lipid. In addition, we developed a label-free and nondestructive assay to quantify the asymmetric uptake of negatively charged lipids in terms of the zeta potential. This significantly enhances the applicability, impact, and predictive power of model membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Markones
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg , Hermann-Herder-Straße 9, Freiburg im Breisgau 79104, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg , Schänzlestraße 18, Freiburg im Breisgau 79104, Germany
| | - Carina Drechsler
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg , Hermann-Herder-Straße 9, Freiburg im Breisgau 79104, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg , Schänzlestraße 18, Freiburg im Breisgau 79104, Germany
| | - Michael Kaiser
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg , Hermann-Herder-Straße 9, Freiburg im Breisgau 79104, Germany
| | - Louma Kalie
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg , Hermann-Herder-Straße 9, Freiburg im Breisgau 79104, Germany
| | - Heiko Heerklotz
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg , Hermann-Herder-Straße 9, Freiburg im Breisgau 79104, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg , Schänzlestraße 18, Freiburg im Breisgau 79104, Germany
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto , 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto , 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dietel L, Huynh Q, Fiedler S, Heerklotz H. Synergistic Action of Fungicidal Lipopeptides as a Mechanism of Target Membrane Selectivity. Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
27
|
Bouwmeester S, Verkoeijen PPJL, Aczel B, Barbosa F, Bègue L, Brañas-Garza P, Chmura TGH, Cornelissen G, Døssing FS, Espín AM, Evans AM, Ferreira-Santos F, Fiedler S, Flegr J, Ghaffari M, Glöckner A, Goeschl T, Guo L, Hauser OP, Hernan-Gonzalez R, Herrero A, Horne Z, Houdek P, Johannesson M, Koppel L, Kujal P, Laine T, Lohse J, Martins EC, Mauro C, Mischkowski D, Mukherjee S, Myrseth KOR, Navarro-Martínez D, Neal TMS, Novakova J, Pagà R, Paiva TO, Palfi B, Piovesan M, Rahal RM, Salomon E, Srinivasan N, Srivastava A, Szaszi B, Szollosi A, Thor KØ, Tinghög G, Trueblood JS, Van Bavel JJ, van 't Veer AE, Västfjäll D, Warner M, Wengström E, Wills J, Wollbrant CE. Registered Replication Report: Rand, Greene, and Nowak (2012). Perspect Psychol Sci 2017; 12:527-542. [PMID: 28475467 PMCID: PMC5453400 DOI: 10.1177/1745691617693624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In an anonymous 4-person economic game, participants contributed more money to a common project (i.e., cooperated) when required to decide quickly than when forced to delay their decision (Rand, Greene & Nowak, 2012), a pattern consistent with the social heuristics hypothesis proposed by Rand and colleagues. The results of studies using time pressure have been mixed, with some replication attempts observing similar patterns (e.g., Rand et al., 2014) and others observing null effects (e.g., Tinghög et al., 2013; Verkoeijen & Bouwmeester, 2014). This Registered Replication Report (RRR) assessed the size and variability of the effect of time pressure on cooperative decisions by combining 21 separate, preregistered replications of the critical conditions from Study 7 of the original article (Rand et al., 2012). The primary planned analysis used data from all participants who were randomly assigned to conditions and who met the protocol inclusion criteria (an intent-to-treat approach that included the 65.9% of participants in the time-pressure condition and 7.5% in the forced-delay condition who did not adhere to the time constraints), and we observed a difference in contributions of -0.37 percentage points compared with an 8.6 percentage point difference calculated from the original data. Analyzing the data as the original article did, including data only for participants who complied with the time constraints, the RRR observed a 10.37 percentage point difference in contributions compared with a 15.31 percentage point difference in the original study. In combination, the results of the intent-to-treat analysis and the compliant-only analysis are consistent with the presence of selection biases and the absence of a causal effect of time pressure on cooperation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Markones M, Zorzin C, Kalie L, Fiedler S, Heerklotz H. Tuning Membrane Asymmetry: Controlled Uptake of Negatively Charged Lipids into the Outer Leaflet of Liposomes. Biophys J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
29
|
Fiedler S, Heerklotz H. Vesicle Leakage Reflects the Target Selectivity of Antimicrobial Lipopeptides from Bacillus subtilis. Biophys J 2016; 109:2079-89. [PMID: 26588567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic lipopeptides act against a variety of plant pathogens and are thus highly efficient crop-protection agents. Some pesticides contain Bacillus subtilis strains that produce lipopeptide families, such as surfactins (SF), iturins (IT), and fengycins (FE). The antimicrobial activity of these peptides is mainly mediated by permeabilizing cellular membranes. We used a fluorescence-lifetime based leakage assay to examine the effect of individual lipid components in model membranes on lipopeptide activity. Leakage induction by FE was strongly inhibited by cholesterol (CHOL) as well as by phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and -glycerol (PG) lipids. Already moderate amounts of CHOL increased the tolerable FE content in membranes by an order of magnitude to 0.5 FE per PC + CHOL. This indicates reduced FE-lipid demixing and aggregation, which is known to be required for membrane permeabilization and explains the strong inhibition by CHOL. Ergosterol (ERG) had a weak antagonistic effect. This confirms results of microbiological tests and agrees with the fungicidal activity and selectivity of FE. SF is known to be much less selective in its antimicrobial action. In line with this, liposome leakage by SF was little affected by sterols and PE. Interestingly, PG increased SF activity and changed its leakage mechanism toward all-or-none, suggesting more specific, larger, and/or longer-lived defect structures. This may be because of the reduced energetic cost of locally accumulating anionic SF in an anionic lipid matrix. IT was found largely inactive in our assays. B. subtilis QST713 produces the lipopeptides in a ratio of 6 mol SF: 37 mol FE: 57 mol IT. Leakage induced by this native mixture was inhibited by CHOL and PE, but unaffected by ERG and by PG in the absence of PE. Note that fungi contain anionic lipids, but little PE. Hence, our data explain the strong, fungicidal activity and selectivity of B. subtilis QST713 lipopeptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Fiedler
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Heiko Heerklotz
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fiedler S, Heerklotz H. Vesicle Leakage Reflects Target Selectivity of Antimicrobial Lipopeptides from Bacillus Subtilis. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
31
|
Fiedler S, Bender JK, Klare I, Halbedel S, Grohmann E, Szewzyk U, Werner G. Tigecycline resistance in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium is mediated by an upregulation of plasmid-encoded tetracycline determinants tet(L) and tet(M). J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 71:871-81. [PMID: 26682961 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tigecycline represents one of the last-line therapeutics to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, including VRE and MRSA. The German National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci has received 73 tigecycline-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates in recent years. The precise mechanism of how enterococci become resistant to tigecycline remains undetermined. This study documents an analysis of the role of efflux pumps in tigecycline resistance in clinical isolates of Enterococcus spp. METHODS Various tigecycline MICs were found for the different isolates analysed. Tigecycline-resistant strains were analysed with respect to genome and transcriptome differences by means of WGS and RT-qPCR. Genes of interest were cloned and expressed in Listeria monocytogenes for verification of their functionality. RESULTS Detailed comparative whole-genome analyses of three isogenic strains, showing different levels of tigecycline resistance, revealed the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) efflux pump TetL and the ribosomal protection protein TetM as possible drug resistance proteins. Subsequent RT-qPCR confirmed up-regulation of the respective genes. A correlation of gene copy number and level of MIC was inferred from further qPCR analyses. Expression of both tet(L) and tet(M) in L. monocytogenes unequivocally demonstrated the potential to increase tigecycline MICs upon acquisition of either locus. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that increased expression of two tetracycline resistance determinants, a tet(L)-encoded MFS pump and a tet(M)-encoded ribosomal protection protein, is capable of conferring tigecycline resistance in enterococcal clinical isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Fiedler
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - J K Bender
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - I Klare
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - S Halbedel
- Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - E Grohmann
- Department of Life Sciences and Technology, Beuth University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - U Szewzyk
- Environmental Microbiology, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Werner
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fiedler S, Berns A, Schwark L, Woelk A, Graw M. The chemistry of death – Adipocere degradation in modern graveyards. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 257:320-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
33
|
Khoder WY, Stief CG, Fiedler S, Pongratz T, Beyer W, Hennig G, Rühm A, Sroka R. In-vitro investigations on laser-induced smoke generation mimicking the laparoscopic laser surgery purposes. J Biophotonics 2015; 8:714-722. [PMID: 25363347 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Intraoperative smoke-generation limits the quality of vision during laparoscopic/endoscopic laser-assisted surgeries. The current study aimed at the evaluation of factors affecting this phenomenon. As a first step, a suitable experimental setup and a test tissue model were established for this investigation. The experimental setup is composed of a specific sample container, a laser therapy component suitable for the ablation of model tissue at different treatment wavelengths (λ = 980 nm, 1350 nm, 1470 nm), a suction unit providing continuous smoke extraction, and a detection unit for smoke quantification via detection of light (λ = 633 nm) scattered from smoke particles. The ablation rate (AR) was calculated by dividing the ablated volume by the ablation time (60 sec). The laser-induced scattering signal intensity of the smoke (SI) was determined from time-charts of the signal intensity as a measure for vision, in addition a delay-time tdelay could be derived defining the onset of SI after the laser was switched on. The ratio SI/AR is used as a measure for smoke generation in relation to the ablation rate. Additionally the light transmission of the tissue samples was used to estimate their optical properties. In this set-up, smoke generation using λ = 980 nm as ablation laser wavelength was detected after a delay-time tdelay = (121.6 ± 24.8) sec which is significantly longer compared to the wavelengths λ = 1350 nm with tdelay = (89.8 ± 19.3) sec and λ = 1470 nm with tdelay = (24.7 ± 5.4) sec. Thus, the delay Experimental set-up consisting of sample container, laser therapy component, suction unit and scattered-light detection compartment. time is wavelength-dependent. The SI/AR ratio was significantly different (p < 0.001) for 1470 nm irradiation compared to 980 nm irradiation [SI/AR(1470) = (11.8 ± 2.6) · 10(3) vs. SI/AR(980) = (8.6 ± 2.0) · 10(3) ]. The ablation crater for 980 nm irradiation was comparable with 1470 nm irradiation, but the coagulation rim was thicker in the 980 nm case. In conclusion, it could be shown experimentally that smoke-generation depends on the wavelength used for laser ablation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wael Y Khoder
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Christian G Stief
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE-Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistrasse 23, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Pongratz
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE-Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistrasse 23, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Beyer
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE-Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistrasse 23, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Hennig
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE-Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistrasse 23, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Rühm
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE-Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistrasse 23, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ronald Sroka
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE-Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistrasse 23, 81377, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Klingler J, Vargas C, Fiedler S, Keller S. Preparation of ready-to-use small unilamellar phospholipid vesicles by ultrasonication with a beaker resonator. Anal Biochem 2015; 477:10-2. [PMID: 25712041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipid vesicles are widely used as models to investigate the interactions of proteins, peptides, and small molecules with lipid bilayers. We present a sonication procedure for the preparation of well-defined and ready-to-use small unilamellar vesicles composed of phospholipids with the aid of a beaker resonator. This indirect but efficient sonication method does not require subsequent centrifugation or other purification steps, which distinguishes it from established sonication procedures. Vesicles produced by this method reveal a unimodal size distribution and are unilamellar, as demonstrated by dynamic light scattering and (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Klingler
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Carolyn Vargas
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sandro Keller
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fiedler S, Huynh Q, Patel H, Heerklotz H. Lipid Selectivity of Fungicidal Lipopeptides. Biophys J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.3013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
36
|
Keller S, Broecker J, Fiedler S, Gimpl K, Textor M. An Unusual Membrane-Protein Topology for Sensing Bilayer Thickness and Triggering Bacterial Biofilm Formation. Biophys J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
37
|
Broecker J, Fiedler S, Gimpl K, Keller S. Polar Interactions Trump Hydrophobicity in Stabilizing the Self-Inserting Membrane Protein Mistic. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13761-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5064795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Broecker
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straβe 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straβe 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Katharina Gimpl
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straβe 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sandro Keller
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straβe 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Huber P, Yingying L, Roehrich M, Fiedler S, Jenne J, Laun F, Lopez R, Nicolay N. Stepwise Combination of Multi-Pathway Blockade in Addition to Radio-Chemotherapy for Glioblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
39
|
Ateschrang A, Fiedler S, Schröter S, Stöckle U, Freude T, Kraus TM. [Duration of inability for work and return to physical work after arthroscopic and open labrum refixation]. Z Orthop Unfall 2014; 152:252-9. [PMID: 24960094 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION The duration of inability for work according to work load and the rate of successful return to work after open and arthroscopic Bankart repair (BR) due to anterior shoulder dislocation has not yet been examined with regard to validated work strain by the REFA classification. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the duration of inability to work according to work load (REFA criteria) after open and arthroscopic BR as well as the rate of successful return to the original occupation. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 93 patients (20 f/73 m) with isolated anterior arthroscopic or open BR due to posttraumatic anterior shoulder instability with no items of hyperlaxity were included in this study. There were 72 patients with arthroscopic and 21 patients with open BR. The postoperative aftercare was standardised and identical. The clinical assessment included the Constant and Murley scores, UCLA shoulder and the Rowe score for shoulder instability. Average follow-up time was 48.3 months (SD ± 23.6 months) with a mean age of 37.1 years (SD ± 14.4 years). The work load was classified according to the German REFA Association. Operation time, duration of inability for work and clinical outcome were analysed and compared according to the operation technique. RESULTS Mean incapacity for work in the group of arthroscopic BR was 3.3 months (SD ± 2.5) and 2.7 months (SD + 2.3 months; p = 0.37) in the group of open BR demonstrating no statistical difference. Both mean time for surgery (p = 0.0003) and in-hospital stay (p = 0.0083) showed significant differences when comparing patients with low work load (REFA 0-1) and higher work load (REFA 2-4) irrespective of the surgical approach. Overall analysis showed an average time of 2.3 months (SD ± 1.5) to return to work for patients with low work load (REFA 0-1) and 4.2 months (SD ± 2.9) for individuals with high work load (REFA 2-4) revealing significant differences (p = 0.0006). The mean inability for work after arthroscopic BR for patients with REFA 0-1 was 2.4 months (SD ± 1.6) and 4.2 months (± 2,9; p = 0.0053) for patients with REFA 2-4 revealing a significant difference. The mean inability for work after open BR for individuals with REFA 0-1 was 1.8 months (± 1.0) and 4.3 months (± 3.3; p = 0.1196) for individuals with REFA 2-4. Two out of 35 patients (5.7 %) with low work load (REFA 0-1) and 10 out of 37 patients (27 %) with high work load (REFA 2-4) could not return to their original occupation after arthroscopic BR. One out of 14 patients (7.1 %) with low work load (REFA 0-1) and 4 out of 7 patients (57.1 %) with high work load (REFA 2-4) could not return to their original occupation after open BR. Comparing these results between arthroscopic and open BR, no significant differences were obtained (chi-square, Pearson). Recurrent shoulder dislocation occurred in the arthroscopic group in 14.3 % (REFA 0-1) and 8.1 % (REFA 2-4) compared to the open procedure group in 0 % (REFA 0-1) and 14 % (REFA 2-4) revealing no statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION This study showed equivalent results after performing open and arthroscopic BR with significantly shorter operation times and in-hospital stays after arthroscopic BR. Higher work loads caused longer inability for work irrespective of the chosen surgical technique. On the basis of these results we recommend arthroscopic BR as the standard primary procedure, while the overall rate of return to work without restrictions of 81.7 % has to be improved in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ateschrang
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - S Fiedler
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - S Schröter
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - U Stöckle
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - T Freude
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - T M Kraus
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Min CH, Lutz P, Fiedler S, Kang BY, Cho BK, Kim HD, Bentmann H, Reinert F. Importance of charge fluctuations for the topological phase in SmB(6). Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:226402. [PMID: 24949780 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.226402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Typical Kondo insulators (KIs) can have a nontrivial Z_{2} topology because the energy gap opens at the Fermi energy (E_{F}) by a hybridization between odd- and even-parity bands. SmB_{6} deviates from such KI behavior, and it has been unclear how the insulating phase occurs. Here, we demonstrate that charge fluctuations are the origin of the topological insulating phase in SmB_{6}. Our angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy results reveal that with decreasing temperature the bottom of the d-f hybridized band at the X[over ¯] point, which is predicted to have odd parity and is required for a topological phase, gradually shifts from below to above E_{F}. We conclude that SmB_{6} is a charge-fluctuating topological insulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hee Min
- Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik VII, 97074 Würzburg, Germany and Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie KIT, Gemeinschaftslabor für Nanoanalytik, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Lutz
- Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik VII, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Fiedler
- Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik VII, 97074 Würzburg, Germany and Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie KIT, Gemeinschaftslabor für Nanoanalytik, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Y Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - B K Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - H-D Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - H Bentmann
- Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik VII, 97074 Würzburg, Germany and Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie KIT, Gemeinschaftslabor für Nanoanalytik, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Reinert
- Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik VII, 97074 Würzburg, Germany and Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie KIT, Gemeinschaftslabor für Nanoanalytik, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fiedler S, Broecker J, Keller S. Polar Interactions Trump Hydrophobicity in Stabilizing a Membrane-Interacting Protein. Biophys J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
42
|
Jahnke N, Krylova OO, Hoomann T, Vargas C, Fiedler S, Pohl P, Keller S. Real-time monitoring of membrane-protein reconstitution by isothermal titration calorimetry. Anal Chem 2013; 86:920-7. [PMID: 24354292 PMCID: PMC3886389 DOI: 10.1021/ac403723t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Phase diagrams offer a wealth of
thermodynamic information on aqueous
mixtures of bilayer-forming lipids and micelle-forming detergents,
providing a straightforward means of monitoring and adjusting the
supramolecular state of such systems. However, equilibrium phase diagrams
are of very limited use for the reconstitution of membrane proteins
because of the occurrence of irreversible, unproductive processes
such as aggregation and precipitation that compete with productive
reconstitution. Here, we exemplify this by dissecting the effects
of the K+ channel KcsA on the process of bilayer self-assembly
in a mixture of Escherichia coli polar lipid extract
and the nonionic detergent octyl-β-d-glucopyranoside.
Even at starting concentrations in the low micromolar range, KcsA
has a tremendous impact on the supramolecular organization of the
system, shifting the critical lipid/detergent ratios at the onset
and completion of vesicle formation by more than 2-fold. Thus, equilibrium
phase diagrams obtained for protein-free lipid/detergent mixtures
would be misleading when used to guide the reconstitution process.
To address this issue, we demonstrate that, even under such nonequilibrium
conditions, high-sensitivity isothermal titration calorimetry can
be exploited to monitor the progress of membrane-protein reconstitution
in real time, in a noninvasive manner, and at high resolution to yield
functional proteoliposomes with a narrow size distribution for further
downstream applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadin Jahnke
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern , Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jacso T, Bardiaux B, Broecker J, Fiedler S, Baerwinkel T, Mainz A, Fink U, Vargas C, Oschkinat H, Keller S, Reif B. The Mechanism of Denaturation and the Unfolded State of the α-Helical Membrane-Associated Protein Mistic. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18884-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ja408644f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jacso
- Center
for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bardiaux
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Jana Broecker
- Molecular
Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Molecular
Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Tom Baerwinkel
- Center
for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andi Mainz
- Center
for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Uwe Fink
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Carolyn Vargas
- Molecular
Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hartmut Oschkinat
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Sandro Keller
- Molecular
Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Bernd Reif
- Center
for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fiedler S, Irsig R, Tiggesbäumker J, Schuster C, Merschjann C, Rothe N, Lochbrunner S, Vehse M, Seitz H, Klinkenberg ED, Meiwes-Broer KH. Machining of Biocompatible Ceramics with Femtosecond Laser Pulses. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2013; 58 Suppl 1:/j/bmte.2013.58.issue-s1-C/bmt-2013-4093/bmt-2013-4093.xml. [PMID: 24042670 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
45
|
Stachow R, Schiel R, Koch S, Fiedler S, Hermann T, Holl R. Effekte der stationären Rehabilitation von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-013-2909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
46
|
Fiedler S, Schepanski K, Heinold B, Knippertz P, Tegen I. Climatology of nocturnal low-level jets over North Africa and implications for modeling mineral dust emission. J Geophys Res Atmos 2013; 118:6100-6121. [PMID: 25893154 PMCID: PMC4394707 DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
[1] This study presents the first climatology for the dust emission amount associated with Nocturnal Low-Level Jets (NLLJs) in North Africa. These wind speed maxima near the top of the nocturnal boundary layer can generate near-surface peak winds due to shear-driven turbulence in the course of the night and the NLLJ breakdown during the following morning. The associated increase in the near-surface wind speed is a driver for mineral dust emission. A new detection algorithm for NLLJs is presented and used for a statistical assessment of NLLJs in 32 years of ERA-Interim reanalysis from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. NLLJs occur in 29% of the nights in the annual and spatial mean. The NLLJ climatology shows a distinct annual cycle with marked regional differences. Maxima of up to 80% NLLJ frequency are found where low-level baroclinicity and orographic channels cause favorable conditions, e.g., over the Bodélé Depression, Chad, for November-February and along the West Saharan and Mauritanian coast for April-September. Downward mixing of NLLJ momentum to the surface causes 15% of mineral dust emission in the annual and spatial mean and can be associated with up to 60% of the total dust amount in specific areas, e.g., the Bodélé Depression and south of the Hoggar-Tibesti Channel. The sharp diurnal cycle underlines the importance of using wind speed information with high temporal resolution as driving fields for dust emission models. Citation: Fiedler, S., K. Schepanski, B. Heinold, P. Knippertz, and I. Tegen (2013), Climatology of nocturnal low-level jets over North Africa and implications for modeling mineral dust emission, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 6100-6121, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50394.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Fiedler
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds Leeds, UK
| | - K Schepanski
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds Leeds, UK ; Now at Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research Leipzig, Germany
| | - B Heinold
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds Leeds, UK ; Now at Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research Leipzig, Germany
| | - P Knippertz
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds Leeds, UK
| | - I Tegen
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Heinold B, Knippertz P, Marsham JH, Fiedler S, Dixon NS, Schepanski K, Laurent B, Tegen I. The role of deep convection and nocturnal low-level jets for dust emission in summertime West Africa: Estimates from convection-permitting simulations. J Geophys Res Atmos 2013; 118:4385-4400. [PMID: 25893153 PMCID: PMC4394720 DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
[1] Convective cold pools and the breakdown of nocturnal low-level jets (NLLJs) are key meteorological drivers of dust emission over summertime West Africa, the world's largest dust source. This study is the first to quantify their relative contributions and physical interrelations using objective detection algorithms and an off-line dust emission model applied to convection-permitting simulations from the Met Office Unified Model. The study period covers 25 July to 02 September 2006. All estimates may therefore vary on an interannual basis. The main conclusions are as follows: (a) approximately 40% of the dust emissions are from NLLJs, 40% from cold pools, and 20% from unidentified processes (dry convection, land-sea and mountain circulations); (b) more than half of the cold-pool emissions are linked to a newly identified mechanism where aged cold pools form a jet above the nocturnal stable layer; (c) 50% of the dust emissions occur from 1500 to 0200 LT with a minimum around sunrise and after midday, and 60% of the morning-to-noon emissions occur under clear skies, but only 10% of the afternoon-to-nighttime emissions, suggesting large biases in satellite retrievals; (d) considering precipitation and soil moisture effects, cold-pool emissions are reduced by 15%; and (e) models with parameterized convection show substantially less cold-pool emissions but have larger NLLJ contributions. The results are much more sensitive to whether convection is parameterized or explicit than to the choice of the land-surface characterization, which generally is a large source of uncertainty. This study demonstrates the need of realistically representing moist convection and stable nighttime conditions for dust modeling. Citation: Heinold, B., P. Knippertz, J. H. Marsham, S. Fiedler, N. S. Dixon, K. Schepanski, B. Laurent, and I. Tegen (2013), The role of deep convection and nocturnal low-level jets for dust emission in summertime West Africa: Estimates from convection-permitting simulations, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 4385-4400, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50402.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Heinold
- School of Earth and Environment, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
- Now at Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric ResearchLeipzig, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. ()
| | - P Knippertz
- School of Earth and Environment, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - JH Marsham
- School of Earth and Environment, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - S Fiedler
- School of Earth and Environment, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - NS Dixon
- School of Earth and Environment, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - K Schepanski
- School of Earth and Environment, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - B Laurent
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, Laboratoire mixte Paris VII-UPEC-CNRSCréteil, France
| | - I Tegen
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric ResearchLeipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Stachow R, Schiel R, Koch S, Fiedler S, Hermann T, Holl RW. Langfristige Effekte der Rehabilitation für Kinder und Jugendliche mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1341677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
49
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Fiedler
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str.
13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lindsay Cole
- Applied Photophysics Ltd., 21 Mole Business Park, Leatherhead, Surrey KT22
7BA, Leatherhead, United Kingdom
| | - Sandro Keller
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str.
13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Schuster C, Merschjann C, Rothe N, Fiedler S, Irsig R, Meiwes-Broer KH, Vehse M, Seitz H, Senz V, Sternberg K, Lochbrunner S. Machining of Biocompatible Polymers with Shaped Femtosecond Laser Pulses. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2013; 58 Suppl 1:/j/bmte.2013.58.issue-s1-C/bmt-2013-4085/bmt-2013-4085.xml. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-4085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|