1
|
Behnke-Borowczyk J, Korzeniewicz R, Łukowski A, Baranowska M, Jagiełło R, Bułaj B, Hauke-Kowalska M, Szmyt J, Behnke JM, Robakowski P, Kowalkowski W. Variability of Functional Groups of Rhizosphere Fungi of Norway Spruce ( Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.) in the Boreal Range: The Wigry National Park, Poland. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12628. [PMID: 37628809 PMCID: PMC10454689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbial communities can influence plant growth and development. Natural regeneration processes take place in the tree stands of protected areas, which makes it possible to observe the natural changes taking place in the rhizosphere along with the development of the plants. This study aimed to determine the diversity (taxonomic and functional) of the rhizosphere fungal communities of Norway spruce growing in one of four developmental stages. Our research was based on the ITS region using Illumina system sequencing. Saprotrophs dominated in the studied rhizospheres, but their percentage share decreased with the age of the development group (for 51.91 from 43.13%). However, in the case of mycorrhizal fungi, an opposite trend was observed (16.96-26.75%). The most numerous genera were: saprotrophic Aspergillus (2.54-3.83%), Penicillium (6.47-12.86%), Pyrenochaeta (1.39-11.78%), pathogenic Curvularia (0.53-4.39%), and mycorrhizal Cortinarius (1.80-5.46%), Pseudotomentella (2.94-5.64%) and Tomentella (4.54-15.94%). The species composition of rhizosphere fungal communities was favorable for the regeneration of natural spruce and the development of multi-generational Norway spruce stands. The ratio of the abundance of saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi to the abundance of pathogens was high and promising for the durability of the large proportion of spruce in the Wigry National Park and for forest ecosystems in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Behnke-Borowczyk
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (A.Ł.); (M.B.); (R.J.); (B.B.); (M.H.-K.); (J.S.); (P.R.); (W.K.)
| | - Robert Korzeniewicz
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (A.Ł.); (M.B.); (R.J.); (B.B.); (M.H.-K.); (J.S.); (P.R.); (W.K.)
| | - Adrian Łukowski
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (A.Ł.); (M.B.); (R.J.); (B.B.); (M.H.-K.); (J.S.); (P.R.); (W.K.)
| | - Marlena Baranowska
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (A.Ł.); (M.B.); (R.J.); (B.B.); (M.H.-K.); (J.S.); (P.R.); (W.K.)
| | - Radosław Jagiełło
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (A.Ł.); (M.B.); (R.J.); (B.B.); (M.H.-K.); (J.S.); (P.R.); (W.K.)
| | - Bartosz Bułaj
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (A.Ł.); (M.B.); (R.J.); (B.B.); (M.H.-K.); (J.S.); (P.R.); (W.K.)
| | - Maria Hauke-Kowalska
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (A.Ł.); (M.B.); (R.J.); (B.B.); (M.H.-K.); (J.S.); (P.R.); (W.K.)
| | - Janusz Szmyt
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (A.Ł.); (M.B.); (R.J.); (B.B.); (M.H.-K.); (J.S.); (P.R.); (W.K.)
| | - Jerzy M. Behnke
- School of Life Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Piotr Robakowski
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (A.Ł.); (M.B.); (R.J.); (B.B.); (M.H.-K.); (J.S.); (P.R.); (W.K.)
| | - Wojciech Kowalkowski
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (A.Ł.); (M.B.); (R.J.); (B.B.); (M.H.-K.); (J.S.); (P.R.); (W.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Withington JM, Goebel M, Bułaj B, Oleksyn J, Reich PB, Eissenstat DM. Remarkable Similarity in Timing of Absorptive Fine-Root Production Across 11 Diverse Temperate Tree Species in a Common Garden. Front Plant Sci 2021; 11:623722. [PMID: 33584764 PMCID: PMC7875864 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.623722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-term minirhizotron observations of absorptive fine roots provide insights into seasonal patterns of belowground root production and carbon dynamics. Our objective was to compare root dynamics over time across mature individuals of 11 temperate trees species: five evergreen and six deciduous. We analyzed the timing and growth on 1st-and 2nd-order roots in minirhizotron images down to a vertical depth of 35 cm, as well as monthly and total annual length production. Production patterns were related to total annual precipitation of the actual and previous year of root production over 6 years. The main or largest peak of annual fine-root production occurred between June and September for almost all species and years. In most years, when peaks occurred, the timing of peak root production was synchronized across all species. A linear mixed model revealed significant differences in monthly fine-root length production across species in certain years (species x year, P < 0.0001), which was strongly influenced by three tree species. Total annual root production was much higher in 2000-2002, when there was above-average rainfall in the previous year, compared with production in 2005-2007, which followed years of lower-than-average rainfall (2003-2006). Compared to the wetter period all species experienced a decline of at least 75% in annual production in the drier years. Total annual root length production was more strongly associated with previous year's (P < 0.001) compared with the actual year's precipitation (P = 0.003). Remarkably similar timing of monthly absorptive fine-root growth can occur across multiple species of diverse phylogeny and leaf habit in a given year, suggesting a strong influence of extrinsic factors on absorptive fine-root growth. The influence of previous year precipitation on annual absorptive fine-root growth underscores the importance of legacy effects in biological responses and suggests that a growth response of temperate trees to extreme precipitation or drought events can be exacerbated across years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Withington
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Biology, State University of New York at Oneonta, Oneonta, NY, United States
| | - Marc Goebel
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Bartosz Bułaj
- Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Department of Forest Resources, The University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, The University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - David M. Eissenstat
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Robakowski P, Bielinis E, Stachowiak J, Mejza I, Bułaj B. Seasonal Changes Affect Root Prunasin Concentration in Prunus serotina and Override Species Interactions between P. serotina and Quercus petraea. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:202-14. [PMID: 26961681 PMCID: PMC4839042 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The allocation of resources to chemical defense can decrease plant growth and photosynthesis. Prunasin is a cyanogenic glycoside known for its role in defense against herbivores and other plants. In the present study, fluctuations of prunasin concentrations in roots of Prunus serotina seedlings were hypothesized to be: (1) dependent on light, air temperature, and humidity; (2) affected by competition between Prunus serotina and Quercus petraea seedlings, with mulching with Prunus serotina leaves; (3) connected with optimal allocation of resources. For the first time, we determined prunasin concentration in roots on several occasions during the vegetative season. The results indicate that seasonal changes have more pronounced effects on prunasin concentration than light regime and interspecific competition. Prunus serotina invested more nitrogen in the synthesis of prunasin under highly restricted light conditions than in higher light environments. In full sun, prunasin in roots of Prunus serotina growing in a monoculture was correlated with growth and photosynthesis, whereas these relationships were not found when interspecific competition with mulching was a factor. The study demonstrates that prunasin concentration in Prunus serotina roots is the result of species-specific adaptation, light and temperature conditions, ontogenetic shift, and, to a lesser extent, interspecific plant-plant interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Robakowski
- Department of Forestry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71E St., 60-625, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ernest Bielinis
- Department of Forestry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71E St., 60-625, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jerzy Stachowiak
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75 St., 60-625, Poznan, Poland
| | - Iwona Mejza
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28 St., 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bułaj
- Department of Forestry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71E St., 60-625, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Withington JM, Elkin AD, Bułaj B, Olesiński J, Tracy KN, Bouma TJ, Oleksyn J, Anderson LJ, Modrzyński J, Reich PB, Eissenstat DM. The impact of material used for minirhizotron tubes for root research. New Phytol 2003; 160:533-544. [PMID: 33873660 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• A wide variety of transparent materials are currently used for minirhizotron tubes. We tested the null hypothesis that minirhizotron composition does not influence root morphology and dynamics. • Minirhizotron data were compared for glass, acrylic and butyrate tubes in apple (Malus domestica) and acrylic and butyrate tubes in a study with six forest tree species. • Root phenology and morphology were generally similar among tubes. Apple root production was greatest against glass; these roots became pigmented later and lived longer than roots near acrylic or butyrate. Roots generally became pigmented faster next to butyrate than next to acrylic. Root survivorship was shorter near butyrate tubes in three of the four hardwood species; however, survivorship was shorter near acrylic tubes for the three conifer species. Comparison of minirhizotron standing crop data with root standing crop from cores showed that the acrylic data matched more closely than the butyrate data. • This study reveals that the transparent material used often has little effect on root production but can substantially influence root survivorship in some plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Withington
- Intercollege Graduate Program in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, 103 Tyson Building, University Park, PA 16802-4200 USA
| | - Adrienne D Elkin
- Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, 103 Tyson Building, University Park, PA 16802-4200 USA
| | - Bartosz Bułaj
- Department of Silviculture, Agricultural University of Poznań, ul. Wojska Polskiego 69, PL 60-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jakub Olesiński
- Department of Silviculture, Agricultural University of Poznań, ul. Wojska Polskiego 69, PL 60-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Keena N Tracy
- Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, 103 Tyson Building, University Park, PA 16802-4200 USA
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, 103 Tyson Building, University Park, PA 16802-4200 USA
- Present address: Netherlands Institute of Ecology, PO Box 140, NL-4400 AC Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Department of Forest Resources, The University of Minnesota, 115 Green Hall, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St Paul, MN 55108 USA
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Parkowa 5, PL 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Laurel J Anderson
- Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, 103 Tyson Building, University Park, PA 16802-4200 USA
- Present address: Department of Botany and Microbiology, 104 Bigelow-Rice Hall, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH 43015 USA
| | - Jerzy Modrzyński
- Department of Silviculture, Agricultural University of Poznań, ul. Wojska Polskiego 69, PL 60-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, The University of Minnesota, 115 Green Hall, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - David M Eissenstat
- Intercollege Graduate Program in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, 103 Tyson Building, University Park, PA 16802-4200 USA
- Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, 103 Tyson Building, University Park, PA 16802-4200 USA
| |
Collapse
|