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Suetsugu K, Nakamura Y, Nakano T, Tagane S. Relictithismia kimotsukiensis, a new genus and species of Thismiaceae from southern Japan with discussions on its phylogenetic relationship. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024; 137:411-422. [PMID: 38421521 PMCID: PMC11082003 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The family Thismiaceae, known as "fairy lanterns" for their urn- or bell-shaped flowers with basally fused tepals, consists of non-photosynthetic flowering monocots mainly in tropical regions, extending into subtropical and temperate areas. Here, we propose a new mycoheterotrophic genus, Relictithismia Suetsugu & Tagane (Thismiaceae), with its monotypic species Relictithismia kimotsukiensis Suetsugu, Yas.Nakam. & Tagane from Kimotsuki Mountains in the Osumi Peninsula, Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu Island, southern Japan. Relictithismia resembles Haplothismia Airy Shaw in having a cluster of tuberous roots, a feature previously observed only in this genus within the family Thismiaceae. However, it differs in having solitary flowers (vs. 2-6-flowered pseudo-raceme in Haplothismia), anther thecae largely separated (vs. connate), and the presence of an annulus (vs. absent). Additionally, Relictithismia differs from the geographically overlapping genus Thismia Griff. in its stamen structure and the position of the annulus. In Relictithismia, the stamens lack connectives, and its free filaments arise from the annulus located inside the perianth mouth, while in Thismia, the stamens typically have connate connectives, forming a staminal tube pendulous from the annulus located at the mouth of the floral tube. Our morphological and phylogenetic data indicated that R. kimotsukiensis holds an early-diverging position within the family, situated outside the Old World Thismia clade. This paper offers an extensive description and color photographs of R. kimotsukiensis, complemented by notes on its phylogenetic relationship and evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Suetsugu
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
- Institute for Advanced Research, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
| | | | - Takafumi Nakano
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Tagane
- Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima University, 1-21-30, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
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Zeng L, Shu W, He H, Li T, Yang X, Li L. Post-pollination barriers contribute to coexistence of partially pollinator-sharing Arisaema species (Araceae). Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10696. [PMID: 37928192 PMCID: PMC10620566 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive isolation plays an important role in maintaining the species integrity of sympatric close relatives. For sympatric Arisaema species, interspecific gene flow is expected to be effectively prevented by pre-pollination barriers, particularly strong pollinator isolation mediated by fungus gnats. However, due to the lack of quantitative studies combining multiple pre- and post-pollination barriers, it is not known whether pre-pollination isolation is complete, and whether post-pollination barriers also contribute to reproductive isolation among some Arisaema species. In this study, we quantified the individual strengths and absolute contributions of four pre- and post-pollination barriers (phenological isolation, pollinator isolation, hybrid fruit formation, and hybrid seed formation) among three sympatric Arisaema species (A. bockii, A. lobatum, and A. erubescens). Although phenological isolation and pollinator isolation reduced the frequencies of interspecific pollen transfer among these species, the partial overlap of flowering times and pollinator assemblages resulted in incomplete pre-pollination isolation. Post-pollination barriers also contributed to reproductive isolation at the hybrid fruit and seed formation stages. We propose that, although pre-pollination barriers are expected to contribute more to total isolation than post-pollination barriers in Arisaema, pre-pollination barriers may not completely prevent interspecific pollen transfer among some Arisaema species. Post-pollination barriers, which are generally ignored, may also have contributed significantly to reproductive isolation in Arisaema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Zeng
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou UniversityJishouHunanChina
| | - Wei‐Jie Shu
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou UniversityJishouHunanChina
| | - Hua He
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou UniversityJishouHunanChina
| | - Tao Li
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou UniversityJishouHunanChina
| | - Xiao‐Chen Yang
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou UniversityJishouHunanChina
| | - Li Li
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou UniversityJishouHunanChina
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Rios-Carrasco S, Sánchez D, Ortega-González PF, Gutiérrez-Luna MF, Farfán-Beltrán ME, Mandujano MC, Vázquez-Santana S. The floral biology and the role of staminal connective appendages during pollination of the endoparasite Bdallophytum americanum (Cytinaceae). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:643-655. [PMID: 37311992 PMCID: PMC10421756 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bdallophytum americanum (Cytinaceae) is an endoparasitic plant species, meaning only the flowers emerge from the host during the reproductive season. Reports on the pollination biology of this species state that its primary pollinators are carrion flies attracted by the smell of the flowers and nectar as a reward. However, the functional role of one of the most outstanding attributes of B. americanum has been neglected. These are the staminal appendages formed by the apical overgrowth of connective tissue during anther development. To determine whether these staminal appendages play a role in pollination, we monitored a nectarless population of B. americanum. We described the inflorescence emergence, floral movements, and pollination and performed field experiments to test whether the absence of the staminal connective appendages affected the visitation frequency. Male inflorescences emerge early, and both male and female flowers open during the day and do not close. Hoverflies are the most frequent visitors to both floral sexes and carry the most pollen. Moreover, the movement of staminal appendages matching the pollen viability changes is reported for the first time. The staminal appendages are the structures where pollinators land before foraging. The field experiments showed that the visitation frequency decreased sharply without staminal appendages. As a landing platform, the staminal connective appendages in B. americanum are crucial for pollinator positioning and collecting viable pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rios-Carrasco
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo en Plantas, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Daniel Sánchez
- CONACYT-Laboratorio Nacional de Identificación y Caracterización Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44171, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Pactli F Ortega-González
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo en Plantas, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Morayna F Gutiérrez-Luna
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo en Plantas, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Manuel Edday Farfán-Beltrán
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - María C Mandujano
- Laboratorio de Genética y Ecología, Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Sonia Vázquez-Santana
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo en Plantas, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, México.
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Suetsugu K, Nishigaki H, Fukushima S, Ishitani E, Kakishima S, Sueyoshi M. Thread-like appendix on Arisaema urashima (Araceae) attracts fungus gnat pollinators. Ecology 2022; 103:e3782. [PMID: 35757913 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Suetsugu
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishigaki
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeki Fukushima
- Chiba Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center, 1887-1, Haniya, Sanbu, Chiba, 289-1223, Japan
| | - Eiji Ishitani
- Chiba Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center, 1887-1, Haniya, Sanbu, Chiba, 289-1223, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kakishima
- Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305- 0005, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sueyoshi
- Center for Biodiversity and Climate Change, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
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