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Ballanti E, Perricone C, Greco E, Ballanti M, Di Muzio G, Chimenti MS, Perricone R. Complement and autoimmunity. Immunol Res 2013; 56:477-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8422-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Zelaya H, Laiño J, Haro C, Alvarez S, Agüero G. Modulation of the immuno-coagulative response in a pneumococcal infection in malnourished mice nasally treated with Lactobacillus casei. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:145-154. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.045526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hortensia Zelaya
- Bioquímica Clínica I, Instituto de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Balcarce 747, CP 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jonathan Laiño
- Bioquímica Clínica I, Instituto de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Balcarce 747, CP 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Haro
- Bioquímica Clínica I, Instituto de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Balcarce 747, CP 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Susana Alvarez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, CP 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Bioquímica Clínica I, Instituto de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Balcarce 747, CP 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Graciela Agüero
- Bioquímica Clínica I, Instituto de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Balcarce 747, CP 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Role of the complement system in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis: Relationship with anti-TNF inhibitors. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 10:617-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Damman J, Nijboer WN, Schuurs TA, Leuvenink HG, Morariu AM, Tullius SG, van Goor H, Ploeg RJ, Seelen MA. Local renal complement C3 induction by donor brain death is associated with reduced renal allograft function after transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 26:2345-54. [PMID: 21127132 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidneys derived from brain-dead donors have inferior outcomes after transplantation compared to kidneys from living donors. Strikingly, early and profound serum levels of IL-6 in brain-dead donors are observed. IL-6 is the main regulator of the acute phase response (APR). The aim of this translational study was to investigate the expression of renal acute phase proteins (APPs) following brain death (BD) and to assess the association with renal allograft outcome after transplantation. METHODS BD was induced in rats by inflating a subdurally placed balloon catheter. Kidney biopsies were obtained from human living and brain-dead donors at donation, after cold preservation and reperfusion. In vitro, renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) were stimulated with IL-6. RESULTS Both in human and rat brain-dead donors, C3 and FBG expression was enhanced at donation compared to living donors and sham-operated animals. In human donors, no additional expression was found after cold ischaemia or reperfusion. C3 expression after reperfusion was independently associated with decreased short-term function after transplantation in grafts from brain-dead donors. In cultured HK-2 cells, C3 production was induced in the presence of IL-6. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, BD induces renal C3 and FBG expression. Moreover, C3 expression is associated with a worse allograft function early after transplantation. Therefore, targeting renal APPs in brain-dead donors, especially complement C3, may improve transplant outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Damman
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Stapp JM, Sjoelund V, Lassiter HA, Feldhoff RC, Feldhoff PW. Recombinant rat IL-1beta and IL-6 synergistically enhance C3 mRNA levels and complement component C3 secretion by H-35 rat hepatoma cells. Cytokine 2005; 30:78-85. [PMID: 15804599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2004.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2004] [Revised: 11/30/2004] [Accepted: 12/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic synthesis of complement component C3 is regulated in part by inflammatory cytokines. Rat models are frequently employed to investigate pathogenic roles of complement and cytokines. However, cytokines obtained from species other than the rat were used in previous studies of cytokine regulation of C3 synthesis in rat hepatocytes or hepatoma cells. It is not known whether these prior reports predict hepatocellular responses evoked by rat cytokines. Therefore, H-35 rat hepatoma cells were employed to measure the effect of recombinant rat IL-1beta, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha on C3 protein secretion and C3 mRNA levels quantified by ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR. Compared to untreated control cells, H-35 cells treated with IL-1beta, IL-6, and IFN-gamma increased C3 secretion approximately 10-, 4-, and 2-fold, respectively. TNF-alpha was toxic, precluding further analysis. IL-1beta and IL-6 demonstrated synergy with respect to the quantity and rate of increase of C3 mRNA measured and the magnitude of C3 protein secretion. Previous reports using non-rat cytokines did not consistently predict H-35 responses to rat cytokines. Consequently, we recommend the use of rat cytokines in rat models that include analysis of cytokine-mediated events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Stapp
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Meijssen S, van Dijk H, Verseyden C, Erkelens DW, Cabezas MC. Delayed and exaggerated postprandial complement component 3 response in familial combined hyperlipidemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002; 22:811-6. [PMID: 12006395 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000014079.98335.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Very low density lipoprotein overproduction is the major metabolic characteristic in familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL). Peripheral handling of free fatty acids (FFAs) in vitro may be impaired in FCHL by decreased action of acylation-stimulating protein (ASP), which is identical to the immunologically inactive complement component 3a (C3adesArg). Because decreased FFA uptake by impaired complement component 3 (C3) response (as the precursor for ASP) may result in enhanced FFA flux to the liver in FCHL, we have evaluated postprandial C3 changes in vivo in FCHL patients. Accordingly, 10 untreated FCHL patients and 10 matched control subjects underwent an oral fat loading test. Fasting plasma C3 and ASP levels were higher in FCHL patients (1.33+/-0.09 g/L and 70.53+/-4.37 mmol/L, respectively) than in control subjects (0.91+/-0.03 g/L and 43.21+/-8.96 mmol/L, respectively; P=0.01 and P<0.05). In control subjects, C3 concentrations increased significantly after 4 hours (to 1.03+/-0.04 g/L). In FCHL, plasma C3 was unchanged after 4 hours. The earliest postprandial C3 rise in FCHL patients occurred after 8 hours (1.64+/-0.12 g/L). The maximal apolipoprotein B-48 concentration was reached after 6 hours in FCHL patients and control subjects. Postprandial FFA and hydroxybutyric acid (as a marker of hepatic FFA oxidation) were significantly higher in FCHL patients than in control subjects, and the early postprandial C3 rise was negatively correlated with the postprandial FFA and hydroxybutyric acid concentrations. The present data suggest an impaired postprandial plasma C3 response in FCHL patients, most likely as a result of a delayed response by C3, as the precursor for the biologically active ASP, acting on FFA metabolism. Therefore, an impaired postprandial C3 response may be associated with impaired peripheral postprandial FFA uptake and, consequently, lead to increased hepatic FFA flux and very low density lipoprotein overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Meijssen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Guiguet M, Platel D, Bernard A, Mack G. Misinterpretation of the biological activity of cytokine-containing preparations attributable to unrecognized interacting components. Anal Biochem 1997; 247:441-2. [PMID: 9177710 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1997.2101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Guiguet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale, Hôpital d'Enfants, Dijon, France
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Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes are an important in vivo source of a wide range of complement components. They are able to rapidly up-regulate or down-regulate complement synthesis in response to many different pharmacological and biological stimuli. This ability is likely to make a significant contribution to maintaining host defences particularly in peripheral tissues. The important role of molecular biology in the study of complement biosynthesis by mononuclear phagocytes will be emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R McPhaden
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston 77201
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Whaley K, Guc D, Gulati P, Lappin D. Synthesis of complement components by synovial membrane. IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1992; 24:83-9. [PMID: 1473967 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3109(92)90014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Whaley
- Department of Immunology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK
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Julen N, Davrinche C, Ozanne D, Lebreton JP, Fontaine M, Ripoche J, Daveau M. Differential modulation of complement factor H and C3 expression by TNF-alpha in the rat. In vitro and in vivo studies. Mol Immunol 1992; 29:983-8. [PMID: 1386144 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(92)90137-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of alternative regulatory complement protein factor H was investigated using both an in vivo rat model and an in vitro rat hepatocyte culture system, and compared to that of C3 component. Subcutaneous injection of a single dose of 20 micrograms of recombinant murine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rmTNF-alpha) had no effect on factor H liver mRNA levels, while it increased C3 mRNA levels. In correlation with this, serum factor H levels remained unchanged after rmTNF-alpha injection, whereas C3 levels were increased. In contrast in vitro studies showed that rmTNF-alpha had no effect on factor H and C3 expression by rat hepatocytes. Recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha (rhIL-1 alpha) did not alter the expression of factor H, whereas it increased C3 expression, and recombinant human interleukin-6 (rhIL-6) stimulated expression of both proteins. This study shows that TNF-alpha is not directly responsible for the increased levels of factor H observed in vivo during induced inflammation in the rat. Its in vivo effect on C3 secretion might be secondary to the TNF-alpha-induced release of IL-1 and/or IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Julen
- INSERM Unité 78, Bois-Guillaume, France
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Lappin DF, Guc D, Hill A, McShane T, Whaley K. Effect of interferon-gamma on complement gene expression in different cell types. Biochem J 1992; 281 ( Pt 2):437-42. [PMID: 1531292 PMCID: PMC1130704 DOI: 10.1042/bj2810437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the expression of the complement components C2, C3, factor B, C1 inhibitor (C1-inh), C4-binding protein (C4-bp) and factor H in human peripheral blood monocytes, skin fibroblasts, umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and the human hepatoma cell line G2 (Hep G2) in the absence and the presence of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). E.l.i.s.a. performed on culture fluids, run-on transcription assays, Northern blot and double-dilution dot-blot techniques confirmed that monocytes expressed all six components, whereas fibroblasts, HUVEC and HepG2 each expressed five of the six components. Fibroblasts and HUVEC did not synthesize C4-bp, and Hep G2 did not produce factor H. In addition to these differences, the synthesis rates of C3, C1-inh and factor H were not the same in all cell types. However, the synthesis rates of C2 and factor B were similar in all four cell types. The half-lives of the mRNAs were shorter in monocytes than in other cell types. Monocyte factor H mRNA had a half-life of 12 min in monocytes, compared with over 3 h in fibroblasts and HUVEC. The instability of factor H mRNA in monocytes may contribute to their low factor H secretion rate. IFN-gamma produced dose-dependent stimulation of C2, factor B, C1-inh, C4-bp and factor H synthesis by all cell types expressing these proteins, but decreased C3 synthesis in all four cell types. Cell-specific differences in the response to IFN-gamma were observed. The increased rates of transcription of the C1-inh and factor H genes in HUVEC were greater than in other cell types, while the increased rate of transcription of the C2, factor B and C1-inh genes in Hep G2 cells was less than in other cell types. IFN-gamma did not affect the stability of C3, factor H or C4 bp mRNAs, but increased the stability of factor B and C1-inh mRNAs and decreased the stability of C2 mRNA. Although these changes occurred in all four cell types studied, the half-life of C1-inh mRNA in monocytes was increased almost 4-fold, whereas the increases in the other cell types were less than 30%. These data show that the constitutive synthesis rates of complement components may vary in the different cell types. They also show that the degree of change in synthesis rates in response to IFN-gamma in each of the cell types often varies due to differences in transcriptional response, sometimes in association with changes in mRNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Lappin
- Department of Pathology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, U.K
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Lappin DF, Birnie GD, Whaley K. Interferon-mediated transcriptional and post-transcriptional modulation of complement gene expression in human monocytes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1990; 194:177-84. [PMID: 1701385 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The addition of lymphoblastoid interferon alpha, fibroblast interferon beta and recombinant interferon gamma to in vitro monocyte cultures produced dose-dependent increases in transcription rates of the genes encoding the second component of complement (C2), factor B (B) and C1 inhibitor, and the abundance of their respective mRNA. Interferon gamma was the most effective at stimulating transcription of the C1-inhibitor gene whereas interferons alpha and beta were more effective at increasing the transcription of the C2 and B genes. Transcription of the C3 gene was reduced by interferon gamma. None of these cytokines altered the level of transcription of the actin gene. Interferon-induced changes in the levels of transcription of the C2, B and C1-inhibitor genes occurred rapidly, with significant changes occurring within 30 min of exposure to these cytokines. Within 4 h of removal of the interferons from the culture fluid, the level of transcription of the C1-inhibitor, C2, B and C3 genes returned to control values, as did abundance of C2, B and C3 mRNA. However, the abundance of C1-inhibitor mRNA remained elevated in interferon-gamma-treated monocytes. Combinations of interferons produced less than additive effects on the stimulation of the transcription of C2, B and C1-inhibitor genes, whereas measurements of C1-inhibitor mRNA and B mRNA showed that interferon gamma acted synergistically with interferon gamma to increase the abundance of the mRNA. Their effects on C2 mRNA abundance were less than additive. The half-lives of C1-inhibitor, C2, B and C3 mRNA were not altered by interferon alpha, whereas interferon gamma shortened the half-life of C2 mRNA by approximately 50%, and prolonged the half-lives of B and C1-inhibitor mRNA approximately twofold and fivefold, respectively. The half-life of C3 mRNA was unaltered by either interferon. These results show that the large increase in C1-inhibitor synthesis which occurs in interferon-gamma-treated monocytes, is due to a combination of increased transcription and increased C1-inhibitor mRNA stability. They also suggest that the synergistic effects of interferon alpha together with interferon gamma on C1-inhibitor and factor B synthesis is also dependent upon increased transcription and increased mRNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Lappin
- University Department of Pathology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland
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