1
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Jou E. Type 1 and type 2 cytokine-mediated immune orchestration in the tumour microenvironment and their therapeutic potential. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:474-497. [PMID: 37455828 PMCID: PMC10345208 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the second leading cause of death worldwide despite modern breakthroughs in medicine, and novel treatments are urgently needed. The revolutionary success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the past decade serves as proof of concept that the immune system can be effectively harnessed to treat cancer. Cytokines are small signalling proteins with critical roles in orchestrating the immune response and have become an attractive target for immunotherapy. Type 1 immune cytokines, including interferon γ (IFNγ), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), have been shown to have largely tumour suppressive roles in part through orchestrating anti-tumour immune responses mediated by natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T cells and T helper 1 (Th1) cells. Conversely, type 2 immunity involving group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and Th2 cells are involved in tissue regeneration and wound repair and are traditionally thought to have pro-tumoural effects. However, it is found that the classical type 2 immune cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13 may have conflicting roles in cancer. Similarly, type 2 immunity-related cytokines IL-25 and IL-33 with recently characterised roles in cancer may either promote or suppress tumorigenesis in a context-dependent manner. Furthermore, type 1 cytokines IFNγ and TNFα have also been found to have pro-tumoural effects under certain circumstances, further complicating the overall picture. Therefore, the dichotomy of type 1 and type 2 cytokines inhibiting and promoting tumours respectively is not concrete, and attempts of utilising these for cancer immunotherapy must take into account all available evidence. This review provides an overview summarising the current understanding of type 1 and type 2 cytokines in tumour immunity and discusses the prospects of harnessing these for immunotherapy in light of previous and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jou
- Queens’ College, University of Cambridge, CB3 9ET Cambridge, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CB2 0QH Cambridge, UK
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2
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Sun L, Su Y, Jiao A, Wang X, Zhang B. T cells in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:235. [PMID: 37332039 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Upon antigen stimulation, naïve T cells differentiate into CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic effector and memory cells, mediating direct killing, diverse immune regulatory function, and long-term protection. In response to acute and chronic infections and tumors, T cells adopt distinct differentiation trajectories and develop into a range of heterogeneous populations with various phenotype, differentiation potential, and functionality under precise and elaborate regulations of transcriptional and epigenetic programs. Abnormal T-cell immunity can initiate and promote the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of T cell development, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell classification, and differentiation in physiological settings. We further elaborate the heterogeneity, differentiation, functionality, and regulation network of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in infectious disease, chronic infection and tumor, and autoimmune disease, highlighting the exhausted CD8+ T cell differentiation trajectory, CD4+ T cell helper function, T cell contributions to immunotherapy and autoimmune pathogenesis. We also discuss the development and function of γδ T cells in tissue surveillance, infection, and tumor immunity. Finally, we summarized current T-cell-based immunotherapies in both cancer and autoimmune diseases, with an emphasis on their clinical applications. A better understanding of T cell immunity provides insight into developing novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China.
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3
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Chowdhury S, Kar A, Bhowmik D, Gautam A, Basak D, Sarkar I, Ghosh P, Sarkar D, Deka A, Chakraborty P, Mukhopadhyay A, Mehrotra S, Basak S, Paul S, Chatterjee S. Intracellular Acetyl CoA Potentiates the Therapeutic Efficacy of Antitumor CD8+ T Cells. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2640-2655. [PMID: 35648389 PMCID: PMC7613107 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Effector CD8+ T cells rely primarily on glucose metabolism to meet their biosynthetic and functional needs. However, nutritional limitations in the tumor microenvironment can cause T-cell hyporesponsiveness. Therefore, T cells must acquire metabolic traits enabling sustained effector function at the tumor site to elicit a robust antitumor immune response. Here, we report that IL12-stimulated CD8+ T cells have elevated intracellular acetyl CoA levels and can maintain IFNγ levels in nutrient-deprived, tumor-conditioned media (TCM). Pharmacological and metabolic analyses demonstrated an active glucose-citrate-acetyl CoA circuit in IL12-stimulated CD8+ T cells supporting an intracellular pool of acetyl CoA in an ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY)-dependent manner. Intracellular acetyl CoA levels enhanced histone acetylation, lipid synthesis, and IFNγ production, improving the metabolic and functional fitness of CD8+ T cells in tumors. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of ACLY severely impaired IFNγ production and viability of CD8+ T cells in nutrient-restricted conditions. Furthermore, CD8+ T cells cultured in high pyruvate-containing media in vitro acquired critical metabolic features of IL12-stimulated CD8+ T cells and displayed improved antitumor potential upon adoptive transfer in murine lymphoma and melanoma models. Overall, this study delineates the metabolic configuration of CD8+ T cells required for stable effector function in tumors and presents an affordable approach to promote the efficacy of CD8+ T cells for adoptive T-cell therapy. SIGNIFICANCE IL12-mediated metabolic reprogramming increases intracellular acetyl CoA to promote the effector function of CD8+ T cells in nutrient-depleted tumor microenvironments, revealing strategies to potentiate the antitumor efficacy of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehanshu Chowdhury
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Anwesha Kar
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Debaleena Bhowmik
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Anupam Gautam
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School “From Molecules to Organisms,” Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Debashree Basak
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ishita Sarkar
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Puspendu Ghosh
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Deborpita Sarkar
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Alvina Deka
- System Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Paramita Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Asima Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Soumen Basak
- System Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandip Paul
- Center for Health Science and Technology, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Kolkata, India
| | - Shilpak Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Corresponding Author: Shilpak Chatterjee, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C Mallick Road, Kolkata 700032, India. Phone: 33-2499-5700, ext. 3013; E-mail:
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4
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Hamoudi C, Zhao C, Abderrazak A, Salem M, Fortin PR, Sévigny J, Aoudjit F. The Purinergic Receptor P2X4 Promotes Th17 Activation and the Development of Arthritis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1115-1127. [PMID: 35165166 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling plays a major role in T cell activation leading to IL-2 production and proliferation. However, it is unclear whether purinergic signaling contributes to the differentiation and activation of effector T cells. In this study, we found that the purinergic receptor P2X4 was associated with human Th17 cells but not with Th1 cells. Inhibition of P2X4 receptor with the specific antagonist 5-BDBD and small interfering RNA inhibited the development of Th17 cells and the production of IL-17 by effector Th17 cells stimulated via the CD3/CD28 pathway. Our results showed that P2X4 was required for the expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C, which is the master regulator of Th17 cells. In contrast, inhibition of P2X4 receptor had no effect on Th1 cells and on the production of IFN-γ and it did not affect the expression of the transcription factor T-bet (T-box transcription factor). Furthermore, inhibition of P2X4 receptor reduced the production of IL-17 but not of IFN-γ by effector/memory CD4+ T cells isolated from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In contrast to P2X4, inhibition of P2X7 and P2Y11 receptors had no effects on Th17 and Th1 cell activation. Finally, treatment with the P2X4 receptor antagonist 5-BDBD reduced the severity of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting Th17 cell expansion and activation. Our findings provide novel insights into the role of purinergic signaling in T cell activation and identify a critical role for the purinergic receptor P2X4 in Th17 activation and in autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakib Hamoudi
- Division of Immune and Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,ARThrite Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chenqi Zhao
- Division of Immune and Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,ARThrite Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amna Abderrazak
- Division of Immune and Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mabrouka Salem
- Division of Immune and Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,ARThrite Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul R Fortin
- Division of Immune and Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,ARThrite Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Division of Immune and Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,ARThrite Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology-Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fawzi Aoudjit
- Division of Immune and Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; .,ARThrite Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology-Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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5
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Bonilha CS, Benson RA, Scales HE, Brewer JM, Garside P. Junctional adhesion molecule-A on dendritic cells regulates Th1 differentiation. Immunol Lett 2021; 235:32-40. [PMID: 34000305 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is an adhesion molecule present in the surface of several cell types, such as endothelial cells and leukocytes as well as Dendritic Cells (DC). Given the potential relevance of JAM-A in diverse pathological conditions such as inflammatory diseases and cancer, we investigated the role of JAM-A in CD4+ T cell priming. We demonstrate that JAM-A is present in the immunological synapse formed between T cells and DC during priming. Furthermore, an antagonistic anti-JAM-A mAb could disrupt the interaction between CD4+ T cell and DC. Antagonism of JAM-A also attenuated T cell activation and proliferation with a decrease in T-bet expression and increased IL-6 and IL-17 secretion. These findings demonstrate a functional role for JAM-A in interactions between CD4+ T cells and DCs during T cell priming as a positive regulator of Th1 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio S Bonilha
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Robert A Benson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Hannah E Scales
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - James M Brewer
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Paul Garside
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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6
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Sindbis Virus with Anti-OX40 Overcomes the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment of Low-Immunogenic Tumors. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 17:431-447. [PMID: 32478167 PMCID: PMC7251545 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite remarkable responses to cancer immunotherapy in a subset of patients, many patients remain resistant to therapies. It is now clear that elevated levels of tumor-infiltrating T cells as well as a systemic anti-tumor immune response are requirements for successful immunotherapies. However, the tumor microenvironment imposes an additional resistance mechanism to immunotherapy. We have developed a practical and improved strategy for cancer immunotherapy using an oncolytic virus and anti-OX40. This strategy takes advantage of a preexisting T cell immune repertoire in vivo, removing the need to know about present tumor antigens. We have shown in this study that the replication-deficient oncolytic Sindbis virus vector expressing interleukin-12 (IL-12) (SV.IL12) activates immune-mediated tumor killing by inducing OX40 expression on CD4 T cells, allowing the full potential of the agonistic anti-OX40 antibody. The combination of SV.IL12 with anti-OX40 markedly changes the transcriptome signature and metabolic program of T cells, driving the development of highly activated terminally differentiated effector T cells. These metabolically reprogrammed T cells demonstrate enhanced tumor infiltration capacity as well as anti-tumor activity capable of overcoming the repressive tumor microenvironment. Our findings identify SV.IL12 in combination with anti-OX40 to be a novel and potent therapeutic strategy that can cure multiple types of low-immunogenic solid tumors.
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7
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Hoang HH, Wang PC, Chen SC. The protective efficacy of recombinant hypoxic response protein 1 of Nocardia seriolae in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Vaccine 2020; 38:2925-2936. [PMID: 32115295 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nocardia seriolae has become one of the major pathogens affecting the aquaculture industry and causes Nocardiosis, a highly devastating disease of marine and freshwater fish that leads to severe economic losses. Therefore, research efforts towards developing efficacious vaccines to control this disease are of high importance. In this study, the hypoxic response protein 1 (HRP1) cloned into pET32a vector was expressed, and produced in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3). The antigenicity of purified recombinant TRX-tagged HRP (rHRP1) was analysed by western blotting using largemouth bass anti-N. seriolae sera. The results showed that largemouth bass anti-N. seriolae sera could specifically detect a 33 kDa rHRP1 protein. Further, the vaccine efficacy of rHRP1 was evaluated in a largemouth bass fish model by calculating the relative percent survival (RPS). rHRP1 incurred an RPS of 73.33% as compared to the control group. Immunological analysis showed that rHRP1 could produce significantly higher serum concentrations of anti-N. seriolae antibodies and serum lysozyme activity as compared to the control groups. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that rHRP1 significantly enhanced the expression of immune-related genes, such as IL-12p40, IL-8, IL-1β, TNFα, IFNγ, NKEF, MHCIα, MHCIIα, CD4-1, CD8α, IgM, NF-κβ, STAT3, IRF4, RORα, and CCL20. These results indicate that rHRP1 may be a promising vaccine candidate against nocardiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Hoa Hoang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; Southern Taiwan Fish Disease Centre, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; Southern Taiwan Fish Disease Centre, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Science and Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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8
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Induction of miR 21 impairs the anti-Leishmania response through inhibition of IL-12 in canine splenic leukocytes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226192. [PMID: 31825987 PMCID: PMC6905561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral Leishmaniasis is a chronic zoonosis and, if left untreated, can be fatal. Infected dogs have decreased cellular immunity (Th1) and develop a potent humoral response (Th2), which is not effective for elimination of the protozoan. Immune response can be modulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), however, characterization of miRNAs and their possible regulatory role in the spleen of infected dogs have not been done. We evaluated miRNA expression in splenic leukocytes (SL) from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum and developing leishmaniasis (CanL; n = 8) compared to healthy dogs (n = 4). Microarray analysis showed increased expression of miR 21, miR 148a, miR 7 and miR 615, and downregulation of miR 150, miR 125a and miR 125b. Real-time PCR validated the differential expression of miR 21, miR 148a and miR 615. Further, decrease of miR 21 in SL, by means of transfection with a miR 21 inhibitor, increased the IL-12 cytokine and the T-bet/GATA-3 ratio, and decreased parasite load on SL of dogs with CanL. Taken together, these findings suggest that L. infantum infection alters splenic expression of miRNAs and that miR 21 interferes in the cellular immune response of L. infantum-infected dogs, placing this miRNA as a possible therapeutic target in CanL.
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9
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Matsumoto M, Araki K, Nishimura S, Kuriyama H, Nakanishi T, Shiozaki K, Takeuchi Y, Yamamoto A. Adjuvant effect in aquaculture fish of cell-wall glycolipids isolated from acid-fast bacteria. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 85:142-149. [PMID: 29665356 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis and nocardiosis in cultured fish caused by infections with acid-fast bacteria, are responsible for large economic losses globally. In this study, we suggest a novel adjuvant using glycolipids that activates host immune systems. The immune response to glycolipids stimulation was investigated using ginbuna crucian carp. Ginbuna vaccinated with FKC (formalin-killed cells) + glycolipids isolated from Mycobacterium sp., upregulated inflammatory- and Th1-related cytokines, and a DTH (delayed-type hypersensitivity) response was confirmed only in ginbuna vaccinated with FKC + glycolipids. These observations suggest that glycolipids activated host innate and cell-mediated immunity. Subsequently, we evaluated the adjuvant effect of glycolipids against amberjack nocardiosis. In a challenge test, a higher survival rate was observed in amberjack vaccinated with FKC + glycolipids emulsified with conventional oil adjuvant than in fish vaccinated with FKC + oil adjuvant without glycolipids. Therefore, glycolipids potentially could be used as a practical, economical and safe adjuvant for aquaculture fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Matsumoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Araki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan; Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nishimura
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan
| | - Hideki Kuriyama
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiozaki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan; Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takeuchi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan; Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan; Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.
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10
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Ma X, Nakayamada S, Kubo S, Sakata K, Yamagata K, Miyazaki Y, Yoshikawa M, Kitanaga Y, Zhang M, Tanaka Y. Expansion of T follicular helper-T helper 1 like cells through epigenetic regulation by signal transducer and activator of transcription factors. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:1354-1361. [PMID: 29853448 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are critical in the development and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To assess the characteristics and mechanisms of differentiation of Tfh cells, we investigated the phenotype of T helper cells in patients with SLE and underlying epigenetic modifications by cytokine-induced signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT) family factors. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients and healthy donors were analysed by flow cytometry. CD4+ T cells were isolated and cultured under various stimulations. Expression of characteristic markers and phosphorylation of STATs were analysed by flow cytometry and quantitative PCR. Histone modifications were analysed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR. RESULTS Differentiation of CD4+CXCR5+CXCR3+Bcl-6+T-bet+IL-21+IFN-γ+Tfh-Th1-like cells was induced by interleukin (IL)-12-induced activation of STAT1 and STAT4 simultaneously. The loci of Bcl-6 and T-bet at STAT binding sites were marked by bivalent histone modifications. After IL-12 stimulation, both STAT1 and STAT4 directly bound on BCL6 and TBX21 gene loci accompanied by suppression of repressive histone mark trimethylated histone 3 lysine 27. Levels of serum IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-γ, expression of IL-12 receptors and proportion of CXCR5+CXCR3+ activated Tfh-Th1-like cells were increased in patients with SLE. Furthermore, the level of pSTAT1, pSTAT4 and T-bet were higher in activated Tfh-Th1-like cells than non-Tfh-Th1 cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that IL-12-mediated co-activation of STAT1 and STAT4 alters histone modification, resulting in differentiation of Tfh-Th1-like cells that are characteristically expanded in patients with SLE. This could be one of the underlying mechanisms responsible for expansion of Tfh-Th1-like cells and potentially helpful towards development of cell-specific treatment for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Ma
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shingo Nakayamada
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kubo
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kei Sakata
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Pharmacology Research Laboratories I, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamagata
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyazaki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Maiko Yoshikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kitanaga
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mingzeng Zhang
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Department of Hematology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
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11
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Nasal delivery of chitosan/alginate nanoparticle encapsulated bee (Apis mellifera) venom promotes antibody production and viral clearance during porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection by modulating T cell related responses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 200:40-51. [PMID: 29776611 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we administered specially developed chitosan/alginate nanoparticle encapsulated BV (CH/AL-BV) which has slow-releasing properties and mucosal adhesiveness to pig via nasal route and evaluate whether it can facilitate systemic immune response and improve clearance of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The CH/AL-BV-administered group with PRRSV vaccination showed significantly enhanced Th1-related responses including a high population of CD4+ T lymphocyte and cytokine mRNA levels including interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-12 and increased PRRSV-specific IgG levels. In the PRRSV challenge experiment, the CH/AL-BV group showed a significant decrease of viral burden in the sera and tissues (lung and bronchial lymph node) and mild interstitial pneumonia signs on both lung gross examination and microscopic evaluation with high levels of PRRSV-specific IgG and viral neutralizing antibody. CH/AL-BV also effectively induced not only Th1-related immune responses including increase in portion of CD4+ T lymphocyte, cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-12), and transcriptional factors (STAT4 and T-bet), but also stimulated IFN-γ-secreting cell families such as CD4+ T lymphocytes and Th/memory cells. Interestingly, the CH/AL-BV group showed decrease in PRRSV-specific immune-suppressive actions, including the T regulatory cell population and its related cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) and transcriptional factors (STAT5 and Foxp3). Therefore, nasal-delivered CH/AL-BV may effectively induce non-specific immune stimulating actions, particularly those related to Th1 responses and viral clearance activities against PRRSV infection. Based on these results, CH/AL-BV could be a promising strategy for overcoming the disadvantages of classical PRRSV vaccination and can be applied as a preventive agent against PRRSV and other viral diseases, particularly those with immune-suppressive characteristics.
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12
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The Secrets of T Cell Polarization. Oncoimmunology 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62431-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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13
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Li J, Ueno A, Iacucci M, Fort Gasia M, Jijon HB, Panaccione R, Kaplan GG, Beck PL, Luider J, Barkema HW, Qian J, Gui X, Ghosh S. Crossover Subsets of CD4 + T Lymphocytes in the Intestinal Lamina Propria of Patients with Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:2357-2368. [PMID: 28573508 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hovhannisyan et al. first showed evidence of plasticity between Treg and Th17 in the inflamed intestine of Crohn's disease (CD) patients. Our previous report suggests that the inflammatory cytokine milieu generates IL-17+ Foxp3+ CD4+ T lymphocytes which is a crossover population converting Treg subset to Th17 in the peripheral blood of IBD patients. This is considered as an evidence of Treg/Th17 plasticity. AIM The aim of this study was to characterize a variety of helper T cell crossover population, not limited to IL-17+ Foxp3+ CD4+ T lymphocytes, in the lamina propria (LP) of IBD patients. METHODS Fresh colonoscopic biopsies were obtained from patients with CD (n = 50) and ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 32) and from healthy controls (HC, n = 25). LP mononuclear cells were assessed for intracellular cytokines and transcription factors such as IFNγ, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22, T-bet, Gata-3, RORγt, and Foxp3 using multicolor flow cytometry to detect subsets of LP CD4+ T lymphocytes. RESULTS Patients with IBD demonstrated increased crossover populations in IL-17+ Foxp3+, T-bet+ Foxp3+, Gata3+ Foxp3+, RORγt+ Foxp3+ populations compared to HC. There was an inverse correlation of Harvey-Bradshaw index with Gata3+ Foxp3+ population in CD patients, while IL-13+ Foxp3+ population was directly correlated with Mayo clinical scores in UC patients. Furthermore, total IL-22 expressing cells as well as Th22 and IL-22+ Th1 populations were decreased in UC compared to CD and HC. CONCLUSION IBD patients exhibit the increased crossover populations in LP Treg cells toward Th2 and Th17 compared to HC. The prevalence of Treg/Th2 crossover populations is associated with clinical disease score of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Gastrointestinal Research Group/Department of Medicine, HSC1838, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aito Ueno
- Gastrointestinal Research Group/Department of Medicine, HSC1838, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Marietta Iacucci
- Gastrointestinal Research Group/Department of Medicine, HSC1838, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Miriam Fort Gasia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group/Department of Medicine, HSC1838, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Humberto B Jijon
- Gastrointestinal Research Group/Department of Medicine, HSC1838, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Gastrointestinal Research Group/Department of Medicine, HSC1838, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gilaad G Kaplan
- Gastrointestinal Research Group/Department of Medicine, HSC1838, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul L Beck
- Gastrointestinal Research Group/Department of Medicine, HSC1838, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Herman W Barkema
- Gastrointestinal Research Group/Department of Medicine, HSC1838, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jiaming Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyong Gui
- Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Gastrointestinal Research Group/Department of Medicine, HSC1838, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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14
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Matsumoto M, Araki K, Hayashi K, Takeuchi Y, Shiozaki K, Suetake H, Yamamoto A. Adjuvant effect of recombinant interleukin-12 in the Nocardiosis formalin-killed vaccine of the amberjack Seriola dumerili. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:263-269. [PMID: 28602739 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nocardiosis causes serious economic damage in the fish farming of Japanese yellowtail fish. Nocardia seriolae identified as pathogenic bacterium is an intracellular-pathogen. In general, induction of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is effective in infection defense against intracellular-pathogen. However, the conventional formalin-killed N. seriolae (FKC) vaccine induces humoral immunity. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is Th1 type heterodimeric cytokine and induces cell differentiation in mammals. Our previous study showed that recombinant amberjack IL-12 has a role in CMI induction in vitro and could be a possible CMI inducing adjuvant. However, its adjuvant effect of fish IL-12 was not studied. In the present study, six types of amberjack recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12) were mixed and injected into amberjack with FKC. Firstly, we analyzed Th1- and Th2- related gene expression and monitored Th1/Th2 status followed by investigation of antibody titer. As a result, Th1-type immunity was induced in FKC + rIL-12 vaccinated fish. Secondly, we checked Th1/Th2 status of vaccinated fish after 10 days of N. seriolae infection using the expression of related genes. High T-bet/GATA-3 ratio was observed in FKC + rIL-12 vaccinated fish, suggesting that Th1 cells possesing antigen memory were induced against N. seriolae infection. Finally, the survival rate in challenge test showed that 88% of FKC + rIL-12 vaccinated fish was survived at 34 days after N. seriolae injection whereas PBS (control) and FKC only were exterminated. These result suggest that i) rIL-12 is viable CMI inducible adjuvant and ii) production of Th1 cells having antigen memory resulting from activation of IL-12 signaling pathway is important for defense against N. seriolae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Matsumoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Araki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan; Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Kazuma Hayashi
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takeuchi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan; Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiozaki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan; Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suetake
- Department of Marine Bioscience and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan; Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan.
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15
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Sharma J, Bhar S, Devi CS. A review on interleukins: The key manipulators in rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2017; 27:723-746. [DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2016.1266071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Sharma
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Sutonuka Bhar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - C. Subathra Devi
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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16
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Cuff AO, Robertson FP, Stegmann KA, Pallett LJ, Maini MK, Davidson BR, Male V. Eomeshi NK Cells in Human Liver Are Long-Lived and Do Not Recirculate but Can Be Replenished from the Circulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4283-4291. [PMID: 27798170 PMCID: PMC5114885 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human liver contains an Eomeshi population of NK cells that is not present in the blood. In this study, we show that these cells are characterized by a molecular signature that mediates their retention in the liver. By examining liver transplants where donors and recipients are HLA mismatched, we distinguish between donor liver–derived and recipient-derived leukocytes to show that Eomeslo NK cells circulate freely whereas Eomeshi NK cells are unable to leave the liver. Furthermore, Eomeshi NK cells are retained in the liver for up to 13 y. Therefore, Eomeshi NK cells are long-lived liver-resident cells. We go on to show that Eomeshi NK cells can be recruited from the circulation during adult life and that circulating Eomeslo NK cells are able to upregulate Eomes and molecules mediating liver retention under cytokine conditions similar to those in the liver. This suggests that circulating NK cells are a precursor of their liver-resident counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia O Cuff
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Francis P Robertson
- Department of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin A Stegmann
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Laura J Pallett
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Mala K Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Brian R Davidson
- Department of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Male
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
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17
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Schmitt N, Liu Y, Bentebibel SE, Ueno H. Molecular Mechanisms Regulating T Helper 1 versus T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation in Humans. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1082-1095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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18
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Dielmann A, Letsch A, Nonnenmacher A, Miller K, Keilholz U, Busse A. Favorable prognostic influence of T-box transcription factor Eomesodermin in metastatic renal cell cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:181-92. [PMID: 26753694 PMCID: PMC11029520 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
T-box transcription factors, T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet) encoded by Tbx21 and Eomesodermin (Eomes), drive the differentiation of effector/memory T cell lineages and NK cells. The aim of the study was to determine the prognostic influence of the expression of these transcription factors in peripheral blood (pB) in a cohort of 41 metastatic (m) RCC patients before receiving sorafenib treatment and to analyze their association with the immunophenotype in pB. In contrast to Tbx21, in the multivariate analysis including clinical features, Eomes mRNA expression was identified as an independent good prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS, p = 0.042) and overall survival (OS, p = 0.001) in addition to a favorable ECOG performance status (p = 0.01 and p = 0.008, respectively). Eomes expression correlated positively not only with expression of Tbx21 and TGFβ1 mRNA, but also with mRNA expression of the activation marker ICOS, and with in vivo activated HLA-DR(+) T cells. Eomes expression was negatively associated with TNFα-producing T cells. On protein level, Eomes was mainly expressed by CD56(+)CD3(-) NK cells in pB. In conclusion, we identified a higher Eomes mRNA expression as an independent good prognostic factor for OS and PFS in mRCC patients treated with sorafenib.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/immunology
- Kidney Neoplasms/mortality
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics
- T-Box Domain Proteins/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Dielmann
- Department of Medicine III (Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology), Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Letsch
- Department of Medicine III (Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology), Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Nonnenmacher
- Department of Medicine III (Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology), Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kurt Miller
- Department of Urology, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keilholz
- Department of Medicine III (Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology), Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia Busse
- Department of Medicine III (Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology), Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Ramirez LA, Arango T, Boyer J. Therapeutic and prophylactic DNA vaccines for HIV-1. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 13:563-73. [PMID: 23477730 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.758709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA vaccines have moved into clinical trials in several fields and their success will be important for licensure of this vaccine modality. An effective vaccine for HIV-1 remains elusive and the development of one is troubled by safety and efficacy issues. Additionally, the ability for an HIV-1 vaccine to induce both the cellular and humoral arms of the immune system is needed. DNA vaccines not only offer a safe approach for the development of an HIV-1 vaccine but they have also been shown to elicit both arms of the immune system. AREAS COVERED This review explores how DNA vaccine design including the regimen, genetic adjuvants used, targeting, and mode of delivery continues to undergo improvements, thereby providing a potential option for an immunogenic vaccine for HIV-1. EXPERT OPINION Continued improvements in delivery technology, in particular electroporation, and the use of prime-boost vaccine strategies will aid in boosting the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. Basic immunology research will also help discover new potential adjuvant targets that can be combined with DNA vaccination, such as inhibitors of inhibitory receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Antonio Ramirez
- University of Pennsylvania, Pathology, Stellar Chance Labs, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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20
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Oth T, Van Elssen CHMJ, Schnijderberg MCA, Senden-Gijsbers BLMG, Germeraad WTV, Bos GMJ, Vanderlocht J. Potency of Both Human Th1 and NK Helper Cell Activation is Determined by IL-12p70-Producing PAMP-Matured DCs. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:748-58. [PMID: 26134473 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides T helper (Th) cells, natural killer (NK) cells have also been described to participate in the shaping of dendritic cell (DC)-mediated adaptive immune responses. At present, it remains unclear to what extent the induction of these NK helper cell immune mechanisms is coupled with Th responses and whether both helper immune responses are induced by the same DC upon specific pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) stimulation. In this study, we demonstrate that maturation of DCs with a cocktail containing FMKp (membrane fragments of Klebsiella pneumoniae) mounts both Th cell and NK cell helper responses in a PRR-triggered dose-dependent manner as determined by the capacity of the helper cells to produce IFN-γ. Furthermore, by triggering an additional PRR pathway [FMKp in combination with poly(I:C) lyovec], we reveal that both approaches modulate the amount of DC-derived IL-12p70 and that this cytokine is the key determinant of the DC-induced Th1 and NK cell helper responses. Moreover, all PRR triggers able to induce IL-12-producing mature DCs are sufficient to induce these helper responses. We propose the existence of a single program used by DCs to induce potent cellular immune responses by stimulating both T helper and NK cell helper processes. This knowledge can help to select the proper PRR triggers in preventive and therapeutic vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Oth
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina H M J Van Elssen
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie C A Schnijderberg
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit L M G Senden-Gijsbers
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred T V Germeraad
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard M J Bos
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Vanderlocht
- 2 Tissue Typing Laboratory, Department of Transplantation Immunology, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht, The Netherlands
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21
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The importance of co‐stimulation in the orchestration of T helper cell differentiation. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:780-8. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Kurktschiev PD, Raziorrouh B, Schraut W, Backmund M, Wächtler M, Wendtner CM, Bengsch B, Thimme R, Denk G, Zachoval R, Dick A, Spannagl M, Haas J, Diepolder HM, Jung MC, Gruener NH. Dysfunctional CD8+ T cells in hepatitis B and C are characterized by a lack of antigen-specific T-bet induction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:2047-59. [PMID: 25225458 PMCID: PMC4172217 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In humans infected with hepatitis B or C, high expression of a protein called T-bet in virus-fighting immune cells is associated with spontaneous clearance of the virus. Absence of T-bet was more often seen in patients whose infections became chronic. The transcription factor T-bet regulates the production of interferon-γ and cytotoxic molecules in effector CD8 T cells, and its expression correlates with improved control of chronic viral infections. However, the role of T-bet in infections with differential outcome remains poorly defined. Here, we report that high expression of T-bet in virus-specific CD8 T cells during acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was associated with spontaneous resolution, whereas T-bet deficiency was more characteristic of chronic evolving infection. T-bet strongly correlated with interferon-γ production and proliferation of virus-specific CD8 T cells, and its induction by antigen and IL-2 stimulation partially restored functionality in previously dysfunctional T-bet–deficient CD8 T cells. However, restoration of a strong interferon-γ response required additional stimulation with IL-12, which selectively induced the phosphorylation of STAT4 in T-bet+ CD8 T cells. The observation that T-bet expression rendered CD8 T cells responsive to IL-12 suggests a stepwise mechanism of T cell activation in which T-bet facilitates the recruitment of additional transcription factors in the presence of key cytokines. These findings support a critical role of T-bet for viral clearance and suggest T-bet deficiency as an important mechanism behind chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Kurktschiev
- Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80539 Munich, Germany Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Bijan Raziorrouh
- Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80539 Munich, Germany Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Winfried Schraut
- Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80539 Munich, Germany Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Backmund
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany PiT - Praxis im Tal, 80331 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Wächtler
- Department of Medicine, Klinikum Schwabing, 81925 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Denk
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhart Zachoval
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Dick
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Spannagl
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Haas
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK
| | - Helmut M Diepolder
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Norbert H Gruener
- Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80539 Munich, Germany Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
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23
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Abstract
Combined with TCR stimuli, extracellular cytokine signals initiate the differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells into specialized effector T-helper (Th) and regulatory T (Treg) cell subsets. The lineage specification and commitment process occurs through the combinatorial action of multiple transcription factors (TFs) and epigenetic mechanisms that drive lineage-specific gene expression programs. In this article, we review recent studies on the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of distinct Th cell lineages. Moreover, we review current study linking immune disease-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms with distal regulatory elements and their potential role in the disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash K Tripathi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and
Åbo Akademi UniversityTurku, Finland
- National Doctoral Programme in Informational and
Structural BiologyTurku, Finland
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine (TuDMM),
University of TurkuTurku, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and
Åbo Akademi UniversityTurku, Finland
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24
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Tahvanainen J, Kyläniemi MK, Kanduri K, Gupta B, Lähteenmäki H, Kallonen T, Rajavuori A, Rasool O, Koskinen PJ, Rao KVS, Lähdesmäki H, Lahesmaa R. Proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases promote human T helper 1 cell differentiation. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:3048-58. [PMID: 23209281 PMCID: PMC3561529 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.361709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of human primary T helper 1 (Th1) cells from naïve precursor cells is regulated by a complex, interrelated signaling network. The identification of factors regulating the early steps of Th1 cell polarization can provide important insight in the development of therapeutics for many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The serine/threonine-specific proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases PIM1 and PIM2 have been implicated in the cytokine-dependent proliferation and survival of lymphocytes. We have established that the third member of this family, PIM3, is also expressed in human primary Th cells and identified a new function for the entire PIM kinase family in T lymphocytes. Although PIM kinases are expressed more in Th1 than Th2 cells, we demonstrate here that these kinases positively influence Th1 cell differentiation. Our RNA interference results from human primary Th cells also suggest that PIM kinases promote the production of IFNγ, the hallmark cytokine produced by Th1 cells. Consistent with this, they also seem to be important for the up-regulation of the critical Th1-driving factor, T box expressed in T cells (T-BET), and the IL-12/STAT4 signaling pathway during the early Th1 differentiation process. In summary, we have identified PIM kinases as new regulators of human primary Th1 cell differentiation, thus providing new insights into the mechanisms controlling the selective development of human Th cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Tahvanainen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi, 20520 Turku, Finland
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25
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Liao W, Lin JX, Leonard WJ. IL-2 family cytokines: new insights into the complex roles of IL-2 as a broad regulator of T helper cell differentiation. Curr Opin Immunol 2011. [PMID: 21889323 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2011.08.003.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a pleiotropic cytokine that drives T-cell growth, augments NK cytolytic activity, induces the differentiation of regulatory T cells, and mediates activation-induced cell death. Along with IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21, IL-2 shares the common cytokine receptor γ chain, γ(c), which is mutated in humans with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. Herein, we primarily focus on the recently discovered complex roles of IL-2 in broadly modulating T cells for T helper cell differentiation. IL-2 does not specify the type of Th differentiation that occurs; instead, IL-2 modulates expression of receptors for other cytokines and transcription factors, thereby either promoting or inhibiting cytokine cascades that correlate with each Th differentiation state. In this fashion, IL-2 can prime and potentially maintain Th1 and Th2 differentiation as well as expand such populations of cells, whereas it inhibits Th17 differentiation but also can expand Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1674, USA
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26
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Liao W, Lin JX, Leonard WJ. IL-2 family cytokines: new insights into the complex roles of IL-2 as a broad regulator of T helper cell differentiation. Curr Opin Immunol 2011; 23:598-604. [PMID: 21889323 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a pleiotropic cytokine that drives T-cell growth, augments NK cytolytic activity, induces the differentiation of regulatory T cells, and mediates activation-induced cell death. Along with IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21, IL-2 shares the common cytokine receptor γ chain, γ(c), which is mutated in humans with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. Herein, we primarily focus on the recently discovered complex roles of IL-2 in broadly modulating T cells for T helper cell differentiation. IL-2 does not specify the type of Th differentiation that occurs; instead, IL-2 modulates expression of receptors for other cytokines and transcription factors, thereby either promoting or inhibiting cytokine cascades that correlate with each Th differentiation state. In this fashion, IL-2 can prime and potentially maintain Th1 and Th2 differentiation as well as expand such populations of cells, whereas it inhibits Th17 differentiation but also can expand Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1674, USA
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27
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Rutitzky LI, Stadecker MJ. Exacerbated egg-induced immunopathology in murine Schistosoma mansoni infection is primarily mediated by IL-17 and restrained by IFN-γ. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:2677-87. [PMID: 21660933 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201041327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In schistosomiasis, the severity of CD4(+) T-cell-mediated hepatic granulomatous inflammation against parasite eggs varies considerably in humans and among mouse strains. In C57BL/6 mice, pronounced exacerbation of immunopathology induced by immunization with schistosome egg Ag in CFA (SEA/CFA) substantially recapitulates the natural high pathology seen in CBA mice; both are associated with a significant elevation of Th17- and Th1-cell-derived proinflammatory cytokines. We now investigated the relative contribution of the effector cytokines IL-17 and IFN-γ in pathology development of 7 wk-infected, SEA/CFA-immunized, IL-17(-/-) , IFN-γ(-/-) , and IL-17/IFN-γ(-/-) mice. In IL-17(-/-) mice there was significant reduction of immunopathology despite increased levels of IFN-γ, whereas in IFN-γ(-/-) mice, markedly exacerbated immunopathology correlated with an increase in IL-17. In IL-17/IFN-γ(-/-) mice, complete resistance to SEA/CFA-induced disease exacerbation was associated with a reduction in IL-23p19, IL-1β, CXCL1 and iNOS, and with an increase in IL-5, IL-10 and Relmα. IL-17 and IFN-γ were derived from distinct CD4(+) T cells in which production of each cytokine was suppressed by the other. Our results indicate that severe immunopathology in murine schistosomiasis is mainly driven by IL-17 and regulated by IFN-γ; however, in the absence of IL-17, IFN-γ is capable of exerting a limited, yet significant, pathogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Rutitzky
- Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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28
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Filén S, Ylikoski E, Tripathi S, West A, Björkman M, Nyström J, Ahlfors H, Coffey E, Rao KVS, Rasool O, Lahesmaa R. Activating transcription factor 3 is a positive regulator of human IFNG gene expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:4990-9. [PMID: 20304822 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IL-12 and IL-18 are essential for Th1 differentiation, whereas the role of IFN-alpha in Th1 development is less understood. In this microarray-based study, we searched for genes that are regulated by IFN-alpha, IL-12, or the combination of IL-12 plus IL-18 during the early differentiation of human umbilical cord blood CD4(+) Th cells. Twenty-six genes were similarly regulated in response to treatment with IL-12, IFN-alpha, or the combination of IL-12 plus IL-18. These genes could therefore play a role in Th1 lineage decision. Transcription factor activating transcription factor (ATF) 3 was upregulated by these cytokines and selected for further study. Ectopic expression of ATF3 in CD4(+) T cells enhanced the production of IFN-gamma, the hallmark cytokine of Th1 cells, whereas small interfering RNA knockdown of ATF3 reduced IFN-gamma production. Furthermore, ATF3 formed an endogenous complex with JUN in CD4(+) T cells induced to Th1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays showed that both ATF3 and JUN are recruited to and transactivate the IFNG promoter during early Th1 differentiation. Collectively, these data indicate that ATF3 promotes human Th1 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Filén
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Abo Akademi University, P.O. Box 123, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
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29
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Placek K, Gasparian S, Coffre M, Maiella S, Sechet E, Bianchi E, Rogge L. Integration of distinct intracellular signaling pathways at distal regulatory elements directs T-bet expression in human CD4+ T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 183:7743-51. [PMID: 19923468 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
T-bet is a key regulator controlling Th1 cell development. This factor is not expressed in naive CD4(+) T cells, and the mechanisms controlling expression of T-bet are incompletely understood. In this study, we defined regulatory elements at the human T-bet locus and determined how signals originating at the TCR and at cytokine receptors are integrated to induce chromatin modifications and expression of this gene during human Th1 cell differentiation. We found that T cell activation induced two strong DNase I-hypersensitive sites (HS) and rapid histone acetylation at these elements in CD4(+) T cells. Histone acetylation and T-bet expression were strongly inhibited by cyclosporine A, and we detected binding of NF-AT to a HS in vivo. IL-12 and IFN-gamma signaling alone were not sufficient to induce T-bet expression in naive CD4(+) T cells, but enhanced T-bet expression in TCR/CD28-stimulated cells. We detected a third HS 12 kb upstream of the mRNA start site only in developing Th1 cells, which was bound by IL-12-induced STAT4. Our data suggest that T-bet locus remodeling and gene expression are initiated by TCR-induced NF-AT recruitment and amplified by IL-12-mediated STAT4 binding to distinct distal regulatory elements during human Th1 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Placek
- Institut Pasteur, Immunoregulation Unit and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité de Recherche Associée 1961, Department of Immunology, Paris, France
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30
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Shanmugarajan S, Kawanabe N, Koide M, Tsuruga E, Arroyo JE, Key LL, Reddy SV. IL-12 stimulates the osteoclast inhibitory peptide-1 (OIP-1/hSca) gene expression in CD4+ T cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:104-11. [PMID: 19259951 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Immune cell products such as interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-12 are potent inhibitors of osteoclast formation. We previously characterized the human osteoclast inhibitory peptide-1 (OIP-1/hSca), a Ly-6 gene family member and showed IFN-gamma modulation of OIP-1 expression in bone marrow cells. Whether, IL-12 regulates OIP-1 expression in the bone microenvironment is unclear. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that IL-12 treatment significantly enhanced OIP-1 mRNA expression in human bone marrow mononuclear cells. Because IL-12 induces IFN-gamma production by T cells, we tested whether IFN-gamma participates in IL-12 stimulation of OIP-1 gene expression in these cells. IL-12 treatment in the presence of IFN-gamma neutralizing antibody significantly increased OIP-1 mRNA expression, suggesting that IL-12 directly regulates OIP-1 gene expression. Interestingly, real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that IL-12 induces OIP-1 expression (3.2-fold) in CD4+ T cells; however, there was no significant change in CD8+ T cells. Also, IL-12 (10 ng/ml) treatment of Jurkat cells transfected with OIP-1 gene (-1 to -1,988 bp) promoter-luciferase reporter plasmid demonstrated a 5-fold and 2.7-fold increase in OIP-1 gene promoter activity in the presence and absence of antibody against IFN-gamma, respectively. We showed that STAT-1,3 inhibitors treatment significantly decreased IL-12 stimulated OIP-1 promoter activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay confirmed STAT-3, but not STAT-1 binding to the OIP-1 gene promoter in response to IL-12 stimulation. These results suggest that IL-12 stimulates the OIP-1 gene expression through STAT-3 activation in CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Shanmugarajan
- Charles P Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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31
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Hashimoto-Okada M, Kitawaki T, Kadowaki N, Iwata S, Morimoto C, Hori T, Uchiyama T. The CD70–CD27 interaction during the stimulation with dendritic cells promotes naive CD4+ T cells to develop into T cells producing a broad array of immunostimulatory cytokines in humans. Int Immunol 2009; 21:891-904. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxp056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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32
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Rautajoki KJ, Kylaniemi MK, Raghav SK, Rao K, Lahesmaa R. An insight into molecular mechanisms of human T helper cell differentiation. Ann Med 2008; 40:322-35. [PMID: 18484344 DOI: 10.1080/07853890802068582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective activation of T helper (Th) cell subsets plays an important role in immune response to pathogens as well as in the pathogenesis of human allergy and inflammatory diseases. Th1 cells along with the recently discovered Th17 cells play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Th2 cytokines lead to series of inflammatory processes characteristic for asthma and other atopic diseases. To understand the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases it is crucial to dissect pathways and regulatory networks leading to the development of distinct Th subsets. Such knowledge may lead to better strategies for developing diagnostics and therapies for these diseases. The differentiation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 effector cells is driven by signals originating from T cell and costimulatory receptors as well as cytokines in the surroundings of activated naive T helper cells. There are several proteins involved in the regulation of this differentiation process. Most of the data on T helper cell differentiation have been acquired using mouse. In this review, we have summarized what is known about human T helper differentiation. In addition, selected differences between human and mouse will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi J Rautajoki
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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33
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Ohkuma K, Sasaki T, Kamei S, Okuda S, Nakano H, Hamamoto T, Fujihara K, Nakashima I, Misu T, Itoyama Y. Modulation of dendritic cell development by immunoglobulin G in control subjects and multiple sclerosis patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 150:397-406. [PMID: 17900307 PMCID: PMC2219369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) preparations are reportedly effective in inhibiting the relapse of multiple sclerosis (MS), but few reports have investigated the effect of IVIg on dendritic cells (DCs), which are thought to be involved in such relapses. In the system that uses monokines to differentiate DCs from peripheral blood monocytes (Mo-DCs), we investigated the effect of immunoglobulin G (IgG) on these antigen-presenting cells. Using monocytes derived from healthy volunteers, IgG partially inhibited the expression of CD1a, a marker of immature DCs (imDCs), and CD40 and CD80, which are markers associated with T cell activation. In contrast, IgG enhanced the expression of CD83, a marker of mature DCs (mDCs). Furthermore, IgG markedly inhibited the expression of CD49d [very late activation antigen (VLA)-4 alpha4-integrin], the adhesion molecule required for mDCs to cross the blood-brain barrier. We obtained similar results on all the aforementioned cell surface molecules investigated in both healthy controls and MS patients. In addition, IgG treatment of cells from both healthy controls and MS patients inhibited the production of interleukin (IL)-12, a cytokine associated with mDC differentiation, but did not inhibit the production of IL-10. These results suggested the possibility that IgG treatment, apart from its known ability to regulate inflammation, may help to prevent relapses of MS by controlling DC maturation, consequently inhibiting invasion of immune cells into the central nervous system and affecting the cytokine profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ohkuma
- Therapeutic Protein Products Research Department, The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute (Kaketsuken), Kumamoto, Japan
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34
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Savolainen J, Nieminen K, Laaksonen K, Laiho T, Jacobsen L, Lahesmaa R, Terho EO, Valovirta E. Allergen-induced in vitro expression of IL-18, SLAM and GATA-3 mRNA in PBMC during sublingual immunotherapy. Allergy 2007; 62:949-53. [PMID: 17620074 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signalling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) and interleukin (IL)-18 induce interferon (IFN)-gamma production from Th1 cells. The allergen-induced SLAM and IL-18 mRNA expressions are increased during subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), but nothing is known about their role during sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Transcription factor GATA-3 is associated with Th2 cells but its role in SCIT and SLIT is yet unexplored. This study was undertaken to analyse the allergen induced in vitro mRNA expression of IL-18, SLAM and GATA-3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of children with allergic rhinitis (AR) during SLIT. METHODS Ten patients with AR undergoing pollen SLIT with a weekly dose of 200,000 SQ-U, 10 with 24,000 SQ-U of mixture of Betula verrucosa, Corylus avellana and Alnus glutinosa and 10 with placebo were included. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell were stimulated with birch extract prior to, after 1 and 2 years of the treatment. The mRNA expression was assessed using kinetic real-time RT-PCR (TaqMan); Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). RESULTS The expression of IL-18 mRNA was increased in the high-dose group in comparison to the placebo group after 1 year of therapy (P = 0.028) and had an inverse correlation with the late phase skin reaction after the second study year (r = -0.41, P = 0.041). SLAM mRNA expression increased in the high-dose group from baseline to 1 year (P = 0.028) and correlated with IL-10 (r = 0.96, P < 0.0001) and transforming growth factor-beta (r = 0.80, P = 0.0037) mRNA expression. No significant changes were seen in GATA-3 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS During SLIT, IL-18 and SLAM are upregulated, suggesting that the Th2 type inflammatory response is downregulated during SLIT by increased Th1 type response.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Sublingual
- Adolescent
- Allergens/genetics
- Allergens/immunology
- Allergens/pharmacology
- Alnus/genetics
- Alnus/immunology
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Betula/genetics
- Betula/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Corylus/genetics
- Corylus/immunology
- Desensitization, Immunologic/methods
- Double-Blind Method
- Female
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/biosynthesis
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Gene Expression/genetics
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Humans
- Interleukin-18/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-18/genetics
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Male
- Pollen/genetics
- Pollen/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1
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Affiliation(s)
- J Savolainen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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35
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Abstract
The T help 1 (Th1) and Th2 cell classification have provided the framework for understanding CD4(+) T cell biology and the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity for almost two decades. Recent studies have defined a previously unknown arm of the CD4(+) T cell effector response, the Th17 lineage, which promises to change our understanding of immune regulation, immune pathogenesis and host defense. The factors that specify differentiation of IL-17 producing effector T cells from naïve T cell precursors are being rapidly discovered and are providing insights into mechanisms by which signals from cells of the innate immune system guide alternative pathways of Th1, Th2, or Th17 development. In this review, we will focus on recent studies that have identified new subsets of Th cells, new insights regarding the induced generation and differentiation mechanisms of Th17 cells and immune regulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Bi
- State Key laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, National Center for Biomedical Analysis, Army Center for Microbial Detection and Research, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
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36
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Hong YH, Lillehoj HS, Lillehoj EP, Lee SH. Changes in immune-related gene expression and intestinal lymphocyte subpopulations following Eimeria maxima infection of chickens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006; 114:259-72. [PMID: 17045659 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Revised: 08/10/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis, a major intestinal parasitic disease of poultry, induces a cell-mediated immune response against the etiologic agent of the disease, Eimeria. In the current study, the expression levels of gene transcripts encoding pro-inflammatory, Th1, and Th2 cytokines, as well as chemokines were measured in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) after Eimeria maxima infection. In addition, changes in IEL numbers were quantified following E. maxima infection. Transcripts of the pro-inflammatory and Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, and IL-18 were increased 66- to 8 x 10(7)-fold following primary parasite infection. Similarly, mRNA levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-3, IL-10, IL-13, and GM-CSF were up-regulated 34- to 8800-fold, and the chemokines IL-8, lymphotactin, MIF, and K203 were increased 42- to 1756-fold. In contrast, IFN-alpha, TGF-beta4, and K60 transcripts showed no increased expression, and only the level of the Th2 cytokine IL-13 was increased following secondary E. maxima infection. Increases in intestinal T cell subpopulations following E. maxima infection also were detected. CD3(+), CD4(+), and CD8(+) cells were significantly increased at days 8, 6, and 7 post-primary infection, respectively, but only CD4(+) cells remained elevated following secondary infection. TCR1(+) cells exhibited a biphasic pattern following primary infection, whereas TCR2(+) cells displayed a single peak in levels. Taken together, these data indicate a global chicken intestinal immune response is produced following experimental Eimeria infection involving multiple cytokines, chemokines, and T cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Ho Hong
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Building 1040, BARC-East, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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37
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Koch A, Raidl M, Lux M, Müller K, Büning H, Humme S, Erdmann E. IL-12-induced T-bet expression and IFNgamma release in lymphocytes from asthmatics--role of MAPkinases ERK-1/-2, p38(MAPK) and effect of dexamethasone. Respir Med 2006; 101:1321-30. [PMID: 17127048 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2006.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2006] [Revised: 06/22/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor T-box-expressed-in-T-cells (T-bet) is required for T(H)1 lymphocyte differentiation, regulates the IL-12-induced expression of the T(H)1-specific cytokine IFNgamma and may be dysregulated in asthmatics. The modulatory role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/-2, p38mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and dexamethasone on IL-12 induced T-bet and IFNgamma expression was assessed in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 10 atopic asthmatics and 10 nonatopic normals. IFNgamma production was dependent on phosphorylation of ERK-1/-2 and p38MAPK, as examined by PD098059, an inhibitor of the upstream activator of MAPKkinase (MKK-1), and SB203580, an inhibitor of p38MAPK. The inhibitory effect of PD098059 on IFNgamma release was decreased in asthmatic T-cells compared with normals. The IL-12-induced T-bet expression and the inhibitory effect of SB203580 were increased in asthmatic T-cells compared with normals. Dexamethasone blocked the IL-12-induced T-bet expression in asthmatic T-cells completely and decreased IL-12-induced IFNgamma release by approximately 50%, which occurred to the same extent in asthmatic and normal T-cells. In conclusion, (1) p38MAPK-pathway rather than ERK-pathway may play a more basic role in the regulation of the increased T-bet expression in asthma, and (2) ERK- and p38MAPK-activation modulate IFNgamma expression independently of T-bet and this regulatory role of ERK-1/-2 on IFNgamma release is impaired in asthma. The therapeutic benefit of dexamethasone on T-bet and IFNgamma production seems to be critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Koch
- Department of Pneumology, University of Cologne, Medical Clinic III, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9, 50924 Köln (Cologne), Germany.
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Liu T, Wang BQ, Wang CS, Yang PC. Concurrent exposure to thermal stress and oral Ag induces intestinal sensitization in the mouse by a mechanism of regulation of IL‐12 expression. Immunol Cell Biol 2006; 84:430-9. [PMID: 16942486 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1711.2006.01452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of food allergy remains unclear. The absorption of intact protein Ag into the intestinal tissue is a prerequisite in the development of intestinal sensitization. Previous studies indicate that thermal stress compromises the intestinal barrier function. Mice were concurrently exposed to thermal stress and oral Ag. Intestinal sensitivity, levels of serum-specific IgE, IL-4 and INF-gamma were assessed. Intestinal dendritic cell, Th1 and Th2 functions were determined. The mice that were treated with thermal stress and oral Ag showed high levels of serum Ag-specific IgE, intestinal mast cell activation in response to oral Ag challenge, suppression of IL-12 expression in the intestinal dendritic cells, inhibition of T-bet expression and Th1 function and marked increases in (GATA)3 expression and Th2 function. Mice exposed to thermal stress alone or oral Ag alone did not show any signs of the intestinal sensitization. Pretreatment with IL-12 inhibited the intestinal sensitization induced by the concurrent exposure to thermal stress and Ag gavage. We conclude that although Ag absorption is essential, Ag absorption alone is insufficient; other accessory factors that can disturb the local immune homeostasis are also required for the induction of intestinal sensitization. The present study illustrates that concurrent exposure to thermal stress and oral Ag can prove to be a factor in the induction of intestinal sensitization by a mechanism of regulating IL-12 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Institute of Allergy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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