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Wei Y, Sun G, Yang Y, Li M, Zheng S, Wang X, Zhong X, Zhang Z, Han X, Cheng H, Zhang D, Mei X. Double-negative T cells ameliorate psoriasis by selectively inhibiting IL-17A-producing γδ low T cells. J Transl Med 2024; 22:328. [PMID: 38566145 PMCID: PMC10988838 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin condition. Although biologic treatments are effective in controlling psoriasis, some patients do not respond or lose response to these therapies. Thus, new strategies for psoriasis treatment are still urgently needed. Double-negative T cells (DNT) play a significant immunoregulatory role in autoimmune diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of DNT in psoriasis and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS We conducted a single adoptive transfer of DNT into an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model through tail vein injection. The skin inflammation and IL-17A producing γδ T cells were evaluated. RESULTS DNT administration significantly reduced the inflammatory response in mouse skin, characterized by decreased skin folds, scales, and red patches. After DNT treatment, the secretion of IL-17A by RORc+ γδlow T cells in the skin was selectively suppressed, resulting in an amelioration of skin inflammation. Transcriptomic data suggested heightened expression of NKG2D ligands in γδlow T cells within the mouse model of psoriasis induced by IMQ. When blocking the NKG2D ligand and NKG2D (expressed by DNT) interaction, the cytotoxic efficacy of DNT against RORc+IL17A+ γδlow T cells was attenuated. Using Ccr5-/- DNT for treatment yielded evidence that DNT migrates into inflamed skin tissue and fails to protect IMQ-induced skin lesions. CONCLUSIONS DNT could migrate to inflamed skin tissue through CCR5, selectively inhibit IL-17-producing γδlow T cells and finally ameliorate mouse psoriasis. Our study provides feasibility for using immune cell therapy for the prevention and treatment of psoriasis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiong Wei
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyong Sun
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shimeng Zheng
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyu Wang
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Zhong
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaotong Han
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Xueling Mei
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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2
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Newman-Rivera AM, Kurzhagen JT, Rabb H. TCRαβ+ CD4-/CD8- "double negative" T cells in health and disease-implications for the kidney. Kidney Int 2022; 102:25-37. [PMID: 35413379 PMCID: PMC9233047 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Double negative (DN) T cells, one of the least studied T lymphocyte subgroups, express T cell receptor αβ but lack CD4 and CD8 coreceptors. DN T cells are found in multiple organs including kidney, lung, heart, gastrointestinal tract, liver, genital tract, and central nervous system. DN T cells suppress inflammatory responses in different disease models including experimental acute kidney injury, and significant evidence supports an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. However, little is known about these cells in other kidney diseases. Therefore, it is important to better understand different functions of DN T cells and their signaling pathways as promising therapeutic targets, particularly with the increasing application of T cell-directed therapy in humans. In this review, we aim to summarize studies performed on DN T cells in normal and diseased organs in the setting of different disease models with a focus on kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamid Rabb
- Nephrology Division, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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3
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Imam S, Paparodis RD, Rafiqi SI, Ali S, Niaz A, Kanzy A, Tovar YE, Madkhali MA, Elsherif A, Khogeer F, Zahid ZA, Sarwar H, Karim T, Salim N, Jaume JC. Thyroid Cancer Screening Using Tumor-Associated DN T Cells as Immunogenomic Markers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891002. [PMID: 35692772 PMCID: PMC9186057 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThyroid nodules are an extremely common entity, and surgery is considered the ultimate diagnostic strategy in those with unclear malignant potential. Unfortunately, strategies aiming to predict the risk of malignancy have inadequate specificity. Our group recently found that the microenvironment of thyroid cancer is characterized by an enhanced immune invasion and activated immune response mediated by double-negative T lymphocytes (DN T) (CD3+CD4-CD8-), which are believed to enable or promote tumorigenesis. In the present work, we try to use the DN T cells’ proportion in thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) material as a predictor of the risk of malignancy.MethodsWe recruited 127 patients and obtained ultrasound-guided FNA samples from subjects with cytology-positive or suspicious for malignancy and from those with benign nodular goiter associated with compressive symptoms (such as dysphagia, shortness of breath, or hoarseness), Hashimoto thyroiditis, and Graves’ disease. Out of 127, we investigated 46 FNA samples of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and for which postoperative histological diagnosis by the academic pathologists was available. We specifically measured the number of cells expressing CD3+CD4-CD8- (DN T) as a function of total CD3+ cells in FNA samples using flow cytometry. We correlated their FNA DN T-cell proportions with the pathological findings.ResultsThe DN T cells were significantly more abundant in lymphocytic infiltrates of thyroid cancer cases compared to benign nodule controls (p < 0.0001). When the DN T-cell population exceeded a threshold of 9.14%, of total CD3+ cells, the negative likelihood ratio of being cancer-free was 0.034 (96.6% sensitivity, 95% CI, 0.915–1.000, p < 0.0001). DN T cells at <9.14% were not found in any subject with benign disease (specificity 100%). The high specificity of the test is promising, since it abolishes a false-positive diagnosis and in turn unnecessary surgical procedures.ConclusionThe present study proposes DN T cells’ proportion as a preoperative diagnostic signature for thyroid cancer that with integration of RNA transcriptomics can provide a simplified technology based on the PCR assay for the ease of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Imam
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Shahnawaz Imam, ; Juan C. Jaume,
| | - Rodis D. Paparodis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Private Practitioner, Patras, Greece
| | - Shafiya Imtiaz Rafiqi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Sophia Ali
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Azra Niaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Abed Kanzy
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Yara E. Tovar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Mohammed A. Madkhali
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Ahmed Elsherif
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Feras Khogeer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Zeeshan A. Zahid
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Haider Sarwar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Windsor University School of Medicine, Cayon St. Kitts West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Tamanna Karim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Nancy Salim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Juan C. Jaume
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Shahnawaz Imam, ; Juan C. Jaume,
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4
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Pathak S, Meyer EH. Tregs and Mixed Chimerism as Approaches for Tolerance Induction in Islet Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612737. [PMID: 33658995 PMCID: PMC7917336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising method for the treatment of type 1 and type 3 diabetes whereby replacement of islets may be curative. However, long-term treatment with immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) remains essential for islet graft survival. Current ISD regimens carry significant side-effects for transplant recipients, and are also toxic to the transplanted islets. Pre-clinical efforts to induce immune tolerance to islet allografts identify ways in which the recipient immune system may be reeducated to induce a sustained transplant tolerance and even overcome autoimmune islet destruction. The goal of these efforts is to induce tolerance to transplanted islets with minimal to no long-term immunosuppression. Two most promising cell-based therapeutic strategies for inducing immune tolerance include T regulatory cells (Tregs) and donor and recipient hematopoietic mixed chimerism. Here, we review preclinical studies which utilize Tregs for tolerance induction in islet transplantation. We also review myeloablative and non-myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) strategies in preclinical and clinical studies to induce sustained mixed chimerism and allograft tolerance, in particular in islet transplantation. Since Tregs play a critical role in the establishment of mixed chimerism, it follows that the combination of Treg and HSCT may be synergistic. Since the success of the Edmonton protocol, the feasibility of clinical islet transplantation has been established and nascent clinical trials testing immune tolerance strategies using Tregs and/or hematopoietic mixed chimerism are underway or being formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Pathak
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Everett H. Meyer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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5
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Maina E, Devriendt B, Cox E. Food allergen-specific sublingual immunotherapy modulates peripheral T cell responses of dogs with adverse food reactions. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 212:38-42. [PMID: 31213250 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Food allergen-specific sublingual immunotherapy (FA-SLIT) is a novel, safe and effective approach in dogs with adverse food reactions (AFR) to reduce their clinical symptoms. However, little is known about the specific immune components which mediate this reduction in clinical symptoms. In humans, regulatory T cells seem to play an important role in this desensitisation process. Here, we investigated changes in peripheral T cell responses of dogs with AFR upon FA-SLIT. Five dogs received a dose escalation of FA-SLIT over a six-month period. An oral food challenge was performed at the beginning and end of the study to assess the efficacy of the FA-SLIT. Using in vitro allergen-recall assays, we assessed the proliferation of T cell subsets before and at the end of the treatment. FA-SLIT significantly increased the percentage of proliferating CD4-CD8- double-negative (DN) T cells, while the percentage of allergen-specific CD4-CD8+ and CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells decreased upon treatment. These findings indicate that sublingual immunotherapy in dogs activates DN T cells, which might be important for the desensitisation of dogs with adverse food reactions. However, further research is needed to corroborate these findings and to further elucidate the mechanism of action of FA-SLIT in dogs with AFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maina
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium.
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6
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Hillhouse EE, Thiant S, Moutuou MM, Lombard-Vadnais F, Parat R, Delisle JS, Ahmad I, Roy DC, Guimond M, Roy J, Lesage S. Double-Negative T Cell Levels Correlate with Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease Severity. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019; 25:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Wang L, Ni M, Hückelhoven-Krauss A, Sellner L, Hoffmann JM, Neuber B, Luft T, Hegenbart U, Schönland S, Kleist C, Sill M, Chen BA, Wuchter P, Eckstein V, Krüger W, Hilgendorf I, Yerushalmi R, Nagler A, Müller-Tidow C, Ho AD, Dreger P, Schmitt M, Schmitt A. Modulation of B Cells and Homing Marker on NK Cells Through Extracorporeal Photopheresis in Patients With Steroid-Refractory/Resistant Graft-Vs.-Host Disease Without Hampering Anti-viral/Anti-leukemic Effects. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2207. [PMID: 30349527 PMCID: PMC6186805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-vs.-host disease (GvHD), a severe complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, significantly affects the post-transplant morbidity and mortality. Systemic steroids remain the gold standard for the initial management of GvHD. However, up to 60% of patients will not sufficiently respond to steroids. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP), a cell-based immunotherapy, has shown good clinical results in such steroid-refractory/resistant GvHD patients. Given its immunomodulatory, but not global immunosuppressive and steroid-sparing capacity, ECP constitutes an attractive option. In the case of GvHD, the balance of immune cells is destroyed: effector cells are not any longer efficiently controlled by regulatory cells. ECP therapy may restore this balance. However, the precise mechanism and the impact of ECP on anti-viral/anti-leukemic function remain unclear. In this study, 839 ECP treatments were performed on patients with acute GvHD (aGvHD) and chronic GvHD (cGvHD). A comprehensive analysis of effector and regulatory cells in patients under ECP therapy included multi-parametric flow cytometry and tetramer staining, LuminexTM-based cytokine, interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot, and chromium-51 release assays. Gene profiling of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) was performed by microarray analysis. Immunologically, modulations of effector and regulatory cells as well as proinflammatory cytokines were observed under ECP treatment: (1) GvHD-relevant cell subsets like CD62L+ NK cells and newly defined CD19hiCD20hi B cells were modulated, but (2) quantity and quality of anti-viral/anti-leukemic effector cells were preserved. (3) The development of MDSCs was promoted and switched from an inactivated subset (CD33-CD11b+) to an activated subset (CD33+CD11b+). (4) The frequency of Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD24+CD38hi regulatory B cells was considerably increased in aGvHD patients, and Foxp3+CD8+ Tregs in cGvHD patients. (5) Proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were significantly reduced. In summary, ECP constitutes an effective immunomodulatory therapy for patients with steroid-refractory/resistant GvHD without impairment of anti-viral/leukemia effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | | | - Leopold Sellner
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Marc Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Neuber
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Luft
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Hegenbart
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schönland
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Kleist
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Sill
- Division Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bao-An Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Patrick Wuchter
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Red Cross Blood Service, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Volker Eckstein
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William Krüger
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Haematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Palliative Care, University Clinic Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Inken Hilgendorf
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ronit Yerushalmi
- Hematology Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Hematology Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Dreger
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Schmitt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Achita P, Dervovic D, Ly D, Lee JB, Haug T, Joe B, Hirano N, Zhang L. Infusion of ex-vivo expanded human TCR-αβ + double-negative regulatory T cells delays onset of xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 193:386-399. [PMID: 30066399 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the demonstration of potent immunosuppressive function of T cell receptor (TCR)-αβ+ double-negative regulatory T cells (DN Tregs ), scarce numbers and lack of effective expansion method limit their clinical applications. Here we describe an approach that allows for ∼3500-fold ex-vivo expansion of human DN Tregs within 3 weeks with > 97% purity. Ex-vivo-expanded DN Tregs suppress proliferation of polyclonally stimulated autologous T and B cells in vitro through direct cell-to-cell contact. In vivo, we demonstrate for the first time that infusion of human DN Tregs delayed an onset of xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) significantly in a humanized mouse model. Furthermore, preincubation of ex-vivo-expanded DN Tregs with a mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin enhanced their immune regulatory function further. Taken together, this study demonstrates that human DN Tregs can be expanded ex vivo to therapeutic numbers. The expanded DN Tregs can suppress proliferation of T and B cells and attenuate GVHD, highlighting the potential clinical use of DN Tregs to mitigate GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Achita
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Dervovic
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Ly
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J B Lee
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T Haug
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - B Joe
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N Hirano
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Zhang
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Sun G, Sun X, Li W, Liu K, Tian D, Dong Y, Sun X, Xu H, Zhang D. Critical role of OX40 in the expansion and survival of CD4 T-cell-derived double-negative T cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:616. [PMID: 29795285 PMCID: PMC5966453 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T-cell-converted CD4−CD8− double negative (cDNT) have strong suppressive activity in the maintenance of immune tolerance, whereas IL-2 promotes cDNT proliferation and enhances cDNT resistance to apoptosis. However, the intrinsic mechanisms that regulate the survival of cDNT are still unknown. Here we demonstrate that the OX40 molecule was highly expressed on cDNT. The expression of OX40 was necessary to promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of cDNT in vivo and in vitro. OX40 promoted the survival of cDNT by regulating the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Survivin, and BCL2L11. Canonical NF-κB cell signaling played an important role in the transmission of essential division and survival signals through OX40 in cDNT. IL-2 promoted the survival of cDNT in part via elevating the expression of the OX40 molecule. IL-2 promoted OX40 expression via downregulating the PPARα expression. In conclusion, we elucidated that OX40 is a key molecule that regulates cDNT proliferation and survival. IL-2 promoted OX40 expression by downregulating the PPARα binding to the OX40 promoter, leading to the elevated expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Survivin in cDNT, which finally resulted in the promoted proliferation and decreased apoptosis of cDNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyong Sun
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaojing Sun
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yiran Dong
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xuelian Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hufeng Xu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China.
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10
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Collin R, Doyon K, Mullins-Dansereau V, Karam M, Chabot-Roy G, Hillhouse EE, Orthwein A, Lesage S. Genetic interaction between two insulin-dependent diabetes susceptibility loci, Idd2 and Idd13, in determining immunoregulatory DN T cell proportion. Immunogenetics 2018; 70:495-509. [PMID: 29696366 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-018-1060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several immune regulatory cell types participate in the protection against autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune diabetes. Of these immunoregulatory cells, we and others have shown that peripheral CD4-CD8- double negative (DN) T cells can induce antigen-specific immune tolerance. Particularly, we have described that diabetes-prone mice exhibit a lower number of peripheral DN T cells compared to diabetes-resistant mice. Identifying the molecular pathways that influence the size of the DN T cell pool in peripheral lymphoid organs may thus be of interest for maintaining antigen-specific immune tolerance. Hence, through immunogenetic approaches, we found that two genetic loci linked to autoimmune diabetes susceptibility, namely Idd2 and Idd13, independently contribute to the partial restoration of DN T cell proportion in secondary lymphoid organs. We now extend these findings to show an interaction between the Idd2 and Idd13 loci in determining the number of DN T cells in secondary lymphoid organs. Using bioinformatics tools, we link potential biological pathways arising from interactions of genes encoded within the two loci. By focusing on cell cycle, we validate that both the Idd2 and Idd13 loci influence RAD51 expression as well as DN T cell progression through the cell cycle. Altogether, we find that genetic interactions between Idd2 and Idd13 loci modulate cell cycle progression, which contributes, at least in part, to defining the proportion of DN T cells in secondary lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Collin
- Division of Immunology-oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Research Center, Montréal, 5415 l'Assomption Blvd, Québec, H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Kathy Doyon
- Division of Immunology-oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Research Center, Montréal, 5415 l'Assomption Blvd, Québec, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Victor Mullins-Dansereau
- Division of Immunology-oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Research Center, Montréal, 5415 l'Assomption Blvd, Québec, H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Martin Karam
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H4A 3J1, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Geneviève Chabot-Roy
- Division of Immunology-oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Research Center, Montréal, 5415 l'Assomption Blvd, Québec, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Erin E Hillhouse
- Division of Immunology-oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Research Center, Montréal, 5415 l'Assomption Blvd, Québec, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Orthwein
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H4A 3J1, Canada. .,Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Division of Immunology-oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Research Center, Montréal, 5415 l'Assomption Blvd, Québec, H1T 2M4, Canada. .,Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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11
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A novel differentiation pathway from CD4⁺ T cells to CD4⁻ T cells for maintaining immune system homeostasis. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2193. [PMID: 27077809 PMCID: PMC4855662 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T lymphocytes are key players in the adaptive immune system and can differentiate into a variety of effector and regulatory T cells. Here, we provide evidence that a novel differentiation pathway of CD4+ T cells shifts the balance from a destructive T-cell response to one that favors regulation in an immune-mediated liver injury model. Peripheral CD4−CD8−NK1.1− double-negative T cells (DNT) was increased following Concanavalin A administration in mice. Adoptive transfer of DNT led to significant protection from hepatocyte necrosis by direct inhibition on the activation of lymphocytes, a process that occurred primarily through the perforin-granzyme B route. These DNT converted from CD4+ rather than CD8+ T cells, a process primarily regulated by OX40. DNT migrated to the liver through the CXCR3-CXCL9/CXCL10 interaction. In conclusion, we elucidated a novel differentiation pathway from activated CD4+ T cells to regulatory DNT cells for maintaining homeostasis of the immune system in vivo, and provided key evidence that utilizing this novel differentiation pathway has potential application in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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12
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Advances on Non-CD4 + Foxp3+ T Regulatory Cells: CD8+, Type 1, and Double Negative T Regulatory Cells in Organ Transplantation. Transplantation 2015; 99:1553-9. [PMID: 26193065 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The overwhelming body of research on T regulatory cells (Treg) has focused on CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3+ T cells. However, recent years have witnessed a resurgence in interest in CD4 - CD8+, CD4 - CD8- (double negative [DN]), and CD4 + Foxp3- type 1 Treg (Tr1) Treg and their role in controlling autoimmune diseases and in promoting the survival of organ allografts and xenografts. CD8+ and DN Treg can arise spontaneously (natural Treg) or can be induced in situ. Both CD8+ and DN Treg have been shown to enhance the survival of organ allografts and xenografts. Additionally, both can suppress alloimmune responses by contact-dependent mechanisms by either inducing apoptosis or mediating direct cytolysis of effector T cells. CD8+, DN, and Tr1 Treg can also act in a contact-independent manner by elaborating soluble immunosuppressive factors, such as TGF-β and IL-10. Applying CD8+, DN, and Tr1 Treg for enhancing the survival of organ allografts and xenografts is still in its infancy but holds significant potential. Furthermore, there is a need for a more comprehensive understanding of how current immunosuppressive therapies applied to organ transplantations affect the wide array of Treg populations.
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13
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Collin R, Dugas V, Pelletier AN, Chabot-Roy G, Lesage S. The mouse idd2 locus is linked to the proportion of immunoregulatory double-negative T cells, a trait associated with autoimmune diabetes resistance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3503-12. [PMID: 25165153 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases result from a break in immune tolerance. Various mechanisms of peripheral tolerance can protect against autoimmunity, including immunoregulatory CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative (DN) T cells. Indeed, we have previously shown that diabetes-prone mouse strains exhibit a low proportion of DN T cells relative to that of diabetes-resistant mice, and that a single autologous transfer of DN T cells can impede autoimmune diabetes development, at least in the 3A9 TCR transgenic setting. In this study, we aim to understand the genetic basis for the difference in DN T cell proportion between diabetes-resistant and diabetes-prone mice. We thus perform an unbiased linkage analysis in 3A9 TCR F2 (NOD.H2(k) × B10.BR) mice and reveal that a locus on chromosome 9, which coincides with Idd2, is linked to the proportion of DN T cells in the lymph nodes. We generate two NOD.H2(k).B10-Chr9 congenic mouse strains and validate the role of this genetic interval in defining the proportion of DN T cells. Moreover, we find that the increased proportion of DN T cells in lymphoid organs is associated with a decrease in both diabetes incidence and serum IgG Ab levels. Together, the data suggest that Idd2 is linked to DN T cell proportion and that a physiological increase in DN T cell number may be sufficient to confer resistance to autoimmune diabetes. Altogether, these findings could help identify new candidate genes for the development of therapeutic avenues aimed at modulating DN T cell number for the prevention of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Collin
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada; and
| | - Véronique Dugas
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada; and
| | - Adam-Nicolas Pelletier
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada; and
| | - Geneviève Chabot-Roy
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
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14
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Pant H, Hughes A, Schembri M, Miljkovic D, Krumbiegel D. CD4 + and CD8 + regulatory T cells in chronic rhinosinusitis mucosa. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2014; 28:83-89. [PMID: 29021049 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2013.28.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) mucosal inflammation is characterized by an accumulation of effector-memory T cells, but their immune regulatory potential has not been adequately examined. Coexpression of transcription factor, forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), and interleukin-2 receptor, CD25, in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is linked with regulatory function in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory T cell (Treg) phenotype of CD4+ (CD4Treg) and CD8+ (CD8Treg) T cells in peripheral blood (PB) and sinus mucosa of CRS patients. METHODS Prospective study was performed involving 32 CRS with nasal polyp (CRSwNP), 14 CRS without nasal polyp (CRSsNP), and 8 control patients. Sinus and PB T lymphocytes were stained with CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, and Foxp3 and analyzed using flow cytometry. Relevant clinical characteristics, sinus bacterial culture results, and eosinophilic mucus were examined. RESULTS Sinus mucosa had a higher percentage of CD4Treg (CD3+CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) population compared with PB in all patients. The percentage of PB CD4Treg and CD8Treg (CD3+CD8+CD25+Foxp3+) was not significantly different between the study groups. CRS mucosal tissue had a higher percentage of CD4Treg and activated T-helper cells than controls. There was no significant difference in PB and mucosal CD4Treg populations in CRS patients based on the presence of allergy, sinus culture results, or eosinophilic mucus. In controls, increased mucosal CD4Treg correlated with coexisting allergy. Although overall CD4Treg numbers were higher, the regulatory potential of activated CD4+ T cells (CD4Treg/activated T-helper cell ratio) was significantly lower in CRS mucosa compared with controls. The CD8Treg subset was also significantly reduced in CRSwNP mucosa compared with controls. CONCLUSION A higher percentage of CD4Treg and activated T-helper cells in CRS mucosa suggests increased inflammation in CRS, independent of the presence of allergy, microbial culture results, or eosinophilic mucus. However, the decreased ratio of CD4Treg versus activated T-helper cells in CRS and reduced CD8Treg population in CRSwNPs indicates an inflammatory bias and the inability to control mucosal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Pant
- Department of Surgery, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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15
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Gao J, McIntyre MSF, D'Souza CA, Zhang L. Pretransplant infusion of donor B cells enhances donor-specific skin allograft survival. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77761. [PMID: 24204953 PMCID: PMC3810130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pretransplant donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) has been shown to enhance donor-specific allograft survival in rodents, primates and humans. However, the cell subset that is critical for the DLI effect and the mechanisms involved remain elusive. In this study, we monitored donor cell subsets after DLI in a murine MHC class I Ld-mismatched skin transplantation model. We found that donor B cells, but not DCs, are the major surviving donor APCs in recipients following DLI. Infusing donor B, but not non-B, cells resulted in significantly enhanced donor-specific skin allograft survival. Furthermore, mice that had received donor B cells showed higher expression of Ly6A and CD62L on antigen-specific TCRαβ+CD3+CD4−CD8−NK1.1− double negative (DN) regulatory T cells (Tregs). B cells presented alloantigen to DN Tregs and primed their proliferation in an antigen-specific fashion. Importantly, DN Tregs, activated by donor B cells, showed increased cytotoxicity toward anti-donor CD8+ T cells. These data demonstrate that donor B cells can enhance skin allograft survival, at least partially, by increasing recipient DN Treg-mediated killing of anti-donor CD8+ T cells. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying DLI-induced transplant tolerance and suggest that DN Tregs have great potential as an antigen-specific immune therapy to enhance allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gao
- University of Toronto Transplantation Institute, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan S. Ford. McIntyre
- University of Toronto Transplantation Institute, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl A. D'Souza
- University of Toronto Transplantation Institute, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Li Zhang
- University of Toronto Transplantation Institute, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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16
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Cobbold SP, Waldmann H. Regulatory cells and transplantation tolerance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 3:3/6/a015545. [PMID: 23732858 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a015545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation tolerance is a continuing therapeutic goal, and it is now clear that a subpopulation of T cells with regulatory activity (Treg) that express the transcription factor foxp3 are crucial to this aspiration. Although reprogramming of the immune system to donor-specific transplantation tolerance can be readily achieved in adult mouse models, it has yet to be successfully translated in human clinical practice. This requires that we understand the fundamental mechanisms by which donor antigen-specific Treg are induced and function to maintain tolerance, so that we can target therapies to enhance rather than impede these regulatory processes. Our current understanding is that Treg act via numerous molecular mechanisms, and critical underlying components such as mTOR inhibition, are only now emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Cobbold
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom.
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17
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Feyler S, Selby PJ, Cook G. Regulating the regulators in cancer-immunosuppression in multiple myeloma (MM). Blood Rev 2013; 27:155-64. [PMID: 23623928 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An effective immune response requires a prompt but measured action against the pathological insult, to prevent over-zealous inflammatory-mediated tissue destruction. In cancer, defective or incompetent immune responses may paradoxically result in disease progression despite an immune attempt at elimination. Tumour-induced immunosuppression may not only result from soluble factors and altered antigenicity, but also from cellular-mediated tumour-induced immune evasion. Multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with both cellular and humoral immune deficiencies and increased T(Reg) cells. In vitro modelling has indicated that the tumour cells directly induce functional T(Reg) cells. In light of this recent evidence, it now seems that the most promising and synergistic approaches for cancer immunotherapy would involve specific anti-tumour immunity and simultaneous reduction of tumour-induced immune-regulation. This review sets out the basic understanding of the human immune response, its dysregulation in cancer and proposes how this knowledge may influence future treatment strategies to maximise the anti-tumour immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Feyler
- Transplant Immunology Group, Academic Department of Haematology & Oncology, University of Leeds, UK
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18
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Hillhouse EE, Delisle JS, Lesage S. Immunoregulatory CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells as a potential therapeutic tool for transplantation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Front Immunol 2013; 4:6. [PMID: 23355840 PMCID: PMC3553425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A central objective in organ transplantation and the treatment or prevention of autoimmune disease is the achievement of antigen-specific immune tolerance. An additional challenge in bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of hematological malignancies is the prevention of graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) while maintaining graft-vs-tumor activity. Interestingly, CD4-CD8- (double negative, DN) T cells, which exhibit a unique antigen-specific immunoregulatory potential, appear to exhibit all of the properties to respond to these challenges. Herein, we review the therapeutic potential of immunoregulatory DN T cells in various immunopathological settings, including graft tolerance, GVHD, cancer, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Hillhouse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal Montreal, QC, Canada ; Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Montreal, QC, Canada
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19
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Hillhouse EE, Lesage S. A comprehensive review of the phenotype and function of antigen-specific immunoregulatory double negative T cells. J Autoimmun 2012; 40:58-65. [PMID: 22910322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Double negative T cells that lack the expression of both CD4 and CD8 T cell co-receptors exhibit a most unique antigen-specific immunoregulatory potential first described over a decade ago. Due to their immunoregulatory function, this rare T cell population has been studied in both mice and humans for their contribution to peripheral tolerance and disease prevention. Consequently, double negative cells are gaining interest as a potential cellular therapeutic. Herein, we review the phenotype and function of double negative T cells with emphasis on their capacity to induce antigen-specific immune tolerance. While the phenotypic and functional similarities between double negative T cells identified in mouse and humans are highlighted, we also call attention to the need for a specific marker of double negative T cells, which will facilitate future studies in humans. Altogether, due to their unique properties, double negative T cells present a promising therapeutic potential in the context of various disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Hillhouse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada; Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.
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20
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Su Y, Huang X, Wang S, Min WP, Yin Z, Jevnikar AM, Zhang ZX. Double negative Treg cells promote nonmyeloablative bone marrow chimerism by inducing T-cell clonal deletion and suppressing NK cell function. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:1216-25. [PMID: 22539294 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of immune tolerance and prevention of chronic rejection remain major goals in clinical transplantation. In bone marrow (BM) transplantation, T cells and NK cells play important roles for graft rejection. In addition, graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) remains a major obstacle for BM transplantation. In this study, we aimed to establish mixed chimerism in an irradiation-free condition. Our data indicate that adoptive transfer of donor-derived T-cell receptor (TCR) αβ(+) CD3(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) NK1.1(-) (double negative, DN) Treg cells prior to C57BL/6 to BALB/c BM transplantation, in combination with cyclophosphamide, induced a stable-mixed chimerism and acceptance of C57BL/6 skin allografts but rejection of third-party C3H (H-2k) skin grafts. Adoptive transfer of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, but not DN Treg cells, induced GVHD in this regimen. The recipient T-cell alloreactive responsiveness was reduced in the DN Treg cell-treated group and clonal deletions of TCRVβ2, 7, 8.1/2, and 8.3 were observed in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Furthermore, DN Treg-cell treatment suppressed NK cell-mediated BM rejection in a perforin-dependent manner. Taken together, our results suggest that adoptive transfer of DN Treg cells can control both adoptive and innate immunities and promote stable-mixed chimerism and donor-specific tolerance in the irradiation-free regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Su
- The Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Juvet SC, Zhang L. Double negative regulatory T cells in transplantation and autoimmunity: recent progress and future directions. J Mol Cell Biol 2012; 4:48-58. [PMID: 22294241 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjr043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes bearing the αβ T cell receptor (TCR) but lacking CD4, CD8, and markers of natural killer (NK) cell differentiation are known as 'double-negative' (DN) T cells and have been described in both humans and rodent models. We and others have shown that DN T cells can act as regulatory T cells (Tregs) that are able to prevent allograft rejection, graft-versus-host disease, and autoimmune diabetes. In the last few years, new data have revealed evidence of DN Treg function in vivo in rodents and humans. Moreover, significant advances have been made in the mechanisms by which DN Tregs target antigen-specific T cells. One major limitation of the field is the lack of a specific marker that can be used to distinguish truly regulatory DN T cells (DN Tregs) from non-regulatory ones, and this is the central challenge in the coming years. Here, we review recent progress on the role of DN Tregs in transplantation and autoimmunity, and their mechanisms of action. We also provide some perspectives on how DN Tregs compare with Foxp3(+) Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Juvet
- Division of Respirology and Clinician-Scientist Training Program, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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22
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Gao JF, McIntyre MSF, Juvet SC, Diao J, Li X, Vanama RB, Mak TW, Cattral MS, Zhang L. Regulation of antigen-expressing dendritic cells by double negative regulatory T cells. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:2699-708. [PMID: 21660936 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
TCRαβ(+) CD3(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) NK1.1(-) double negative (DN) Tregs comprise 1-3% of peripheral T lymphocytes in mice and humans. It has been demonstrated that DN Tregs can suppress allo-, xeno- and auto-immune responses in an Ag-specific fashion. However, the mechanisms by which DN Tregs regulate immune responses remain elusive. Whether DN Tregs can regulate DCs has not been investigated previously. In this study, we demonstrate that DN Tregs express a high level of CTLA4 and are able to down-regulate costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 expressed on Ag-expressing mature DCs (mDCs). DN Tregs from CTLA4 KO mice were not able to downregulate CD80 and CD86 expression, indicating that CTLA4 is critical for DN Treg-mediated downregulation of costimulatory molecule expression on Ag-expressing mature DCs. Furthermore, DN Tregs could kill both immature and mature allogeneic DCs, as well as Ag-loaded syngeneic DCs, in an Ag-specific manner in vitro and in vivo, mainly through the Fas-FasL pathway. These data demonstrate, for the first time, that DN Tregs are potent regulators of DCs and may have the potential to be developed as a novel immune suppression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fang Gao
- University of Toronto Transplant Institute, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Du JF, Li SY, Yu B, Bai X. Treg-based therapy and mixed chimerism in small intestinal transplantation: Does Treg+BMT equal intestine allograft tolerance? Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:77-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Sinkovics JG. Antileukemia and antitumor effects of the graft-versus-host disease: a new immunovirological approach. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2010; 57:253-347. [PMID: 21183421 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.57.2010.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In leukemic mice, the native host's explicit and well-defined immune reactions to the leukemia virus (a strong exogenous antigen) and to leukemia cells (pretending in their native hosts to be protected "self" elements) are extinguished and replaced in GvHD (graft-versus-host disease) by those of the immunocompetent donor cells. In many cases, the GvHD-inducer donors display genetically encoded resistance to the leukemia virus. In human patients only antileukemia and anti-tumor cell immune reactions are mobilized; thus, patients are deprived of immune reactions to a strong exogenous antigen (the elusive human leukemia-sarcoma retroviruses). The innate and adaptive immune systems of mice have to sustain the immunosuppressive effects of leukemia-inducing retroviruses. Human patients due to the lack of leukemiainducing retroviral pathogens (if they exist, they have not as yet been discovered), escape such immunological downgrading. After studying leukemogenic retroviruses in murine and feline (and other mammalian) hosts, it is very difficult to dismiss retroviral etiology for human leukemias and sarcomas. Since no characterized and thus recognized leukemogenic-sarcomagenic retroviral agents are being isolated from the vast majority of human leukemias-sarcomas, the treatment for these conditions in mice and in human patients vastly differ. It is immunological and biological modalities (alpha interferons; vaccines; adoptive lymphocyte therapy) that dominate the treatment of murine leukemias, whereas combination chemotherapy remains the main remission-inducing agent in human leukemias-lymphomas and sarcomas (as humanized monoclonal antibodies and immunotoxins move in). Yet, in this apparently different backgrounds in Mus and Homo, GvHD, as a treatment modality, appears to work well in both hosts, by replacing the hosts' anti-leukemia and anti-tumor immune faculties with those of the donor. The clinical application of GvHD in the treatment of human leukemias-lymphomas and malignant solid tumors remains a force worthy of pursuit, refinement and strengthening. Graft engineering and modifications of the inner immunological environment of the recipient host by the activation or administration of tumor memory T cells, selected Treg cells and natural killer (NKT) cell classes and cytokines, and the improved pharmacotherapy of GvHD without reducing its antitumor efficacy, will raise the value of GvHD to the higher ranks of the effective antitumor immunotherapeutical measures. Clinical interventions of HCT/HSCT (hematopoietic cell/stem cell transplants) are now applicable to an extended spectrum of malignant diseases in human patients, being available to elderly patients, who receive non-myeloablative conditioning, are re-enforced by post-transplant donor lymphocyte (NK cell and immune T cell) infusions and post-transplant vaccinations, and the donor cells may derive from engineered grafts, or from cord blood with reduced GvHD, but increased GvL/GvT-inducing capabilities (graft-versus leukemia/tumor). Post-transplant T cell transfusions are possible only if selected leukemia antigen-specific T cell clones are available. In verbatim quotation: "Ultimately, advances in separation of GvT from GvHD will further enhance the potential of allogeneic HCT as a curative treatment for hematological malignancies" (Rezvani, A.R. and Storb, R.F., Journal of Autoimmunity 30:172-179, 2008 (see in the text)). It may be added: for cure, a combination of the GvL/T effects with new targeted therapeutic modalities, as elaborated on in this article, will be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Sinkovics
- The University of South Florida College of Medicine, St. Joseph Hospital's Cancer Institute, Affiliated with the H. L. Moffitt Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33607-6307, USA.
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Zimmer J, Andrès E, Hentges F. NK cells and Treg cells: a fascinating dance cheek to cheek. Eur J Immunol 2009; 38:2942-5. [PMID: 18979513 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
NK cells and Treg cells are both a major focus of current immunological interest. It is therefore not surprising that their interactions have been and continue to be investigated. New and challenging studies have been published in the past couple of years that confirm and extend previous knowledge in this area. In this Viewpoint, we will briefly review and comment on the recent literature regarding NK/Treg interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Zimmer
- Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé (CRP-Santé), Luxembourg-City, Luxembourg.
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Liesveld JL, Rothberg PG. Mixed chimerism in SCT: conflict or peaceful coexistence? Bone Marrow Transplant 2008; 42:297-310. [PMID: 18660844 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2008.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell transplants that follow both myeloablative and non-myeloablative conditioning regimens can result in states of mixed chimerism, which can be stable over time. With widespread availability of Y chromosome FISH in sex-mismatched transplantation and DNA-based methodologies for analysis of chimerism in other donor-recipient pairs, further insights have been gained regarding the implications of the mixed chimeric state. In transplants performed for inherited and acquired marrow failure disorders, disease status can be improved with only 10-20% donor cells, and it appears that stable mixed chimerism at that level is an acceptable outcome often leading to a state of tolerance, but an increasing level of recipient cells often precedes graft rejection. In transplants performed for malignant conditions, increasing levels of mixed chimerism may indicate disease relapse, but some cases with stable levels of mixed chimerism have been compatible with prolonged remission states. Understanding when mixed chimerism is an indication of secondary graft failure or impending graft rejection vs a state of tolerance and ongoing propensity for the establishment of a graft-vs-tumor effect is often difficult with currently available technologies and immunologic assays. The ability to understand the implication of mixed chimerism of multiple cell lineages and of varied lymphocyte subsets will remain important areas for future research to best harness the immunologic and other therapeutic benefits of allogeneic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Liesveld
- Department of Medicine, the James P Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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