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Mok MY, Law KS, Kong WY, Luo CY, Asfaw ET, Chan KW, Huang FP, Lau CS, Chan GCF. Interleukin-33 Ameliorates Murine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Is Associated with Induction of M2 Macrophage Polarisation and Regulatory T Cells. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:485-498. [PMID: 36889298 PMCID: PMC10134067 DOI: 10.1159/000529931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate cytokine IL-33 is increasingly recognised to possess biological effects on various immune cells. We have previously demonstrated elevated serum level of soluble ST2 in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus suggesting involvement of IL-33 and its receptor in the lupus pathogenesis. This study sought to examine the effect of exogenous IL-33 on disease activity of pre-disease lupus-prone mice and the underlying cellular mechanisms. Recombinant IL-33 was administered to MRL/lpr mice for 6 weeks, whereas control group received phosphate-buffered saline. IL-33-treated mice displayed less proteinuria, renal histological inflammatory changes, and had lower serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and TNF-α. Renal tissue and splenic CD11b+ extracts showed features of M2 polarisation with elevated mRNA expression of Arg1, FIZZI, and reduced iNOS. These mice also had increased IL-13, ST2, Gata3, and Foxp3 mRNA expression in renal and splenic tissues. Kidneys of these mice displayed less CD11b+ infiltration, had downregulated MCP-1, and increased infiltration of Foxp3-expressing cells. Splenic CD4+ T cells showed increased ST2-expressing CD4+Foxp3+ population and reduced IFN-γ+ population. There were no differences in serum anti-dsDNA antibodies and renal C3 and IgG2a deposit in these mice. Exogenous IL-33 was found to ameliorate disease activity in lupus-prone mice with induction of M2 polarisation, Th2 response, and expansion of regulatory T cells. IL-33 likely orchestrated autoregulation of these cells through upregulation of ST2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Yin Mok
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Sin Law
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Yin Kong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cai Yun Luo
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Endale T. Asfaw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok Wah Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fang Ping Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chak Sing Lau
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Godfrey Chi Fung Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhao L, Zhou X, Zhou X, Wang H, Gu L, Ke Y, Zhang M, Ji X, Yang X. Low expressions of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 by induced CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs in patients with SLE and their correlation with the disease activity. Cytokine 2020; 133:155119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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3
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Kalekar LA, Rosenblum MD. Regulatory T cells in inflammatory skin disease: from mice to humans. Int Immunol 2020; 31:457-463. [PMID: 30865268 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ in the body and one of the primary barriers to the environment. In order to optimally protect the host, the skin is home to numerous immune cell subsets that interact with each other and other non-immune cells to maintain organ integrity and function. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are one of the largest immune cell subsets in skin. They play a critical role in regulating inflammation and facilitating organ repair. In doing so, they adopt unique and specialized tissue-specific functions. In this review, we compare and contrast the role of Tregs in cutaneous immune disorders from mice and humans, with a specific focus on scleroderma, alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh A Kalekar
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Sciences Building, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Sciences Building, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Peixoto TV, Carrasco S, Botte DAC, Catanozi S, Parra ER, Lima TM, Ugriumov N, Soriano FG, de Mello SBV, Rodrigues CM, Goldenstein-Schainberg C. CD4+CD69+ T cells and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells imbalance in peripheral blood, spleen and peritoneal lavage from pristane-induced systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) mice. Adv Rheumatol 2019; 59:30. [DOI: 10.1186/s42358-019-0072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Stevens NE, Cowin AJ, Kopecki Z. Skin Barrier and Autoimmunity-Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Autoimmune Blistering Diseases of the Skin. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1089. [PMID: 31156638 PMCID: PMC6530337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important functions of the skin besides regulating internal body temperature includes formation of the barrier between the organism and the external environment, hence protecting against pathogen invasion, chemical and physical assaults and unregulated loss of water and solutes. Disruption of the protective barrier is observed clinically in blisters and erosions of the skin that form in autoimmune blistering diseases where the body produces autoantibodies against structural proteins of the epidermis or the epidermal-dermal junction. Although there is no cure for autoimmune skin blistering diseases, immune suppressive therapies currently available offer opportunities for disease management. In cases where no treatment is sought, these disorders can lead to life threatening complications and current research efforts have focused on developing therapies that target autoantibodies which contribute to disease symptoms. This review will outline the involvement of the skin barrier in main skin-specific autoimmune blistering diseases by describing the mechanisms underpinning skin autoimmunity and review current progress in development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting the underlying causes of autoimmune skin blistering diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Stevens
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Zhang H, Liu L, Li L. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown of FcγRI (CD64) attenuated lupus nephritis via inhibition of NF-κB regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation in MRL/lpr mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 137:342-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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7
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Fischer JC, Otten V, Kober M, Drees C, Rosenbaum M, Schmickl M, Heidegger S, Beyaert R, van Loo G, Li XC, Peschel C, Schmidt-Supprian M, Haas T, Spoerl S, Poeck H. A20 Restrains Thymic Regulatory T Cell Development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2356-2365. [PMID: 28842469 PMCID: PMC5617121 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining immune tolerance requires the production of Foxp3-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells in the thymus. Activation of NF-κB transcription factors is critically required for Treg cell development, partly via initiating Foxp3 expression. NF-κB activation is controlled by a negative feedback regulation through the ubiquitin editing enzyme A20, which reduces proinflammatory signaling in myeloid cells and B cells. In naive CD4+ T cells, A20 prevents kinase RIPK3-dependent necroptosis. Using mice deficient for A20 in T lineage cells, we show that thymic and peripheral Treg cell compartments are quantitatively enlarged because of a cell-intrinsic developmental advantage of A20-deficient thymic Treg differentiation. A20-deficient thymic Treg cells exhibit reduced dependence on IL-2 but unchanged rates of proliferation and apoptosis. Activation of the NF-κB transcription factor RelA was enhanced, whereas nuclear translocation of c-Rel was decreased in A20-deficient thymic Treg cells. Furthermore, we found that the increase in Treg cells in T cell–specific A20-deficient mice was already observed in CD4+ single-positive CD25+ GITR+ Foxp3− thymic Treg cell progenitors. Treg cell precursors expressed high levels of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily molecule GITR, whose stimulation is closely linked to thymic Treg cell development. A20-deficient Treg cells efficiently suppressed effector T cell–mediated graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, suggesting normal suppressive function. Holding thymic production of natural Treg cells in check, A20 thus integrates Treg cell activity and increased effector T cell survival into an efficient CD4+ T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Clemens Fischer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Vera Otten
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Maike Kober
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Drees
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Rosenbaum
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schmickl
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Heidegger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xian Chang Li
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030; and.,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Christian Peschel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Haas
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Silvia Spoerl
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Hendrik Poeck
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany;
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8
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Dysregulated Lymphoid Cell Populations in Mouse Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 53:181-197. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Garrett-Sinha LA, Kearly A, Satterthwaite AB. The Role of the Transcription Factor Ets1 in Lupus and Other Autoimmune Diseases. Crit Rev Immunol 2016; 36:485-510. [PMID: 28845756 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2017020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by excess B- and T-cell activation, the development of autoantibodies against self-antigens including nuclear antigens, and immune complex deposition in target organs, which triggers an inflammatory response and tissue damage. The genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the development of SLE have been studied extensively in both humans and mouse models of the disease. One of the important genetic contributions to SLE development is an alteration in the expression of the transcription factor Ets1, which regulates the functional differentiation of lymphocytes. Here, we review the genetic, biochemical, and immunological studies that have linked low levels of Ets1 to aberrant lymphocyte differentiation and to the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Ann Garrett-Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Alyssa Kearly
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Anne B Satterthwaite
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatic Diseases Division; Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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11
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Ohl K, Wiener A, Schippers A, Wagner N, Tenbrock K. Interleukin-2 treatment reverses effects of cAMP-responsive element modulator α-over-expressing T cells in autoimmune-prone mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 181:76-86. [PMID: 25817470 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), are often characterized by a failure of self-tolerance and result in an uncontrolled activation of B cells and effector T cells. Interleukin (IL)-2 critically maintains homeostasis of regulatory T cells (T(reg)) and effector T cells in the periphery. Previously, we identified the cAMP-responsive element modulator α (CREMα) as a major factor responsible for decreased IL-2 production in T cells from SLE patients. Additionally, using a transgenic mouse that specifically over-expresses CREMα in T cells (CD2CREMαtg), we provided in-vivo evidence that CREMα indeed suppresses IL-2 production. To analyse the effects of CREMα in an autoimmune prone mouse model we introduced a Fas mutation in the CD2CREMαtg mice (FVB/Fas(-/-) CD2CREMαtg). Overexpression of CREMα strongly accelerated the lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly in the FVB/Fas(-/-) mice. This was accompanied by a massive expansion of double-negative (DN) T cells, enhanced numbers of interferon (IFN)-γ-producing T cells and reduced percentages of T(regs). Treatment of FVB/Fas(-/-) CD2CREMαtg mice with IL-2 restored the percentage of T(regs) and reversed increased IFN-γ production, but did not affect the number of DNTs. Our data indicate that CREMα contributes to the failure of tolerance in SLE by favouring effector T cells and decreasing regulatory T cells, partially mediated by repression of IL-2 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ohl
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,IZKF Aachen, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Wiener
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Schippers
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - N Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - K Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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12
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Ohl K, Tenbrock K. Regulatory T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:344-55. [PMID: 25378177 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease, develops when immunologic self-tolerance fails. Treg cells are a subset of CD4(+) T cells that maintain self-tolerance by suppressing autoreactive lymphocytes. Defects in Treg cells are therefore considered to be an aspect of SLE pathogenesis. Nevertheless, reports on the numbers and function of Treg cells in SLE are contradictory and the definitive role of Treg cells in SLE remains unclear. In this review, we summarize findings from murine models and ex vivo experiments, which provide insights into the mechanisms that result in the breakdown of tolerance. We also include recent findings about Treg-cell subsets and their markers in human SLE. The identification of unique markers to identify bona fide Treg cells, as well as therapies to reconstitute the balance between Treg cells and autoreactive T cells in SLE, are the future challenges for SLE research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Ohl
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; IZKF Aachen, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Low-dose interleukin-2 therapy: a driver of an imbalance between immune tolerance and autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18574-92. [PMID: 25322151 PMCID: PMC4227233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, the role of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in autoimmune responses was established as a cytokine possessing strong pro-inflammatory activity. Studies of the past few years have changed our knowledge on IL-2 in autoimmune chronic inflammation, suggesting its protective role, when administered at low-doses. The disrupted balance between regulatory and effector T cells (Tregs and Teffs, respectively) is a characteristic of autoimmune diseases, and is dependent on homeostatic cytokines, including IL-2. Actually, inherent defects in the IL-2 signaling pathway and/or levels leading to Treg compromised function and numbers as well as Th17 expansion have been attributed to autoimmune disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of IL-2 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In particular, we highlight the impact of the dysregulated IL-2 pathway on disruption of the Treg/Th17 balance, reversal of which appears to be a possible mechanism of the low-dose IL-2 treatment. The negative effects of IL-2 on the differentiation of follicular helper T cells (Tfh) and pathogenic Th17 cells, both of which contribute to autoimmunity, is emphasized in the paper as well. We also compare the current IL-2-based therapies of animal and human subjects with immune-mediated diseases aimed at boosting the Treg population, which is the most IL-2-dependent cell subset desirable for sufficient control of autoimmunity. New perspectives of therapeutic approaches focused on selective delivery of IL-2 to inflamed tissues, thus allowing local activity of IL-2 to be combined with its reduced systemic and pleiotropic toxicity, are also proposed in this paper.
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Xu Z, Cuda CM, Croker BP, Morel L. The NZM2410-derived lupus susceptibility locus Sle2c1 increases Th17 polarization and induces nephritis in fas-deficient mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 63:764-74. [PMID: 21360506 DOI: 10.1002/art.30146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sle2 is a lupus susceptibility locus that has been linked to glomerulonephritis in the NZM2410 mouse. By itself, Sle2 does not induce any autoimmune pathology but results in the accumulation of B-1a cells. This study was designed to assess the contribution of Sle2 to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. METHODS Sle2 or its subcongenic intervals (Sle2a, Sle2b, and Sle2c1) were bred to Fas-deficient B6.lpr mice. Lymphoid phenotypes, which were focused on T cells, were assessed by flow cytometry, and histopathologic changes were compared between cohorts of B6.Sle2.lpr congenic mice and B6.lpr mice of ages up to 6 months. RESULTS Sle2 synergized with lpr, resulting in a greatly accelerated lymphadenopathy that largely targeted T cells and mapped to the Sle2c1 locus. This locus has been identified as the main contributor to B-1a cell expansion. Further analyses showed that Sle2c1 expression skewed the differentiation and polarization of Fas-deficient T cells, with a reduction of the CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cell subset and an expansion of the Th17 cells. This was associated with a high number of T cell infiltrates that promoted severe nephritis and dermatitis in the B6.Sle2c1.lpr mice. CONCLUSION These results show that Sle2c1 contributes to lupus pathogenesis by affecting T cell differentiation in combination with other susceptibility loci, such as lpr. The significance of the cosegregation of this phenotype and B-1a cell expansion in Sle2c1-expressing mice in relation to the pathogenesis of lupus is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xu
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0275, USA
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15
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Kim HR, Kie JH, Lim W, Moon BI, Kim SC, Seoh JY. CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells from MRL/lpr mice were functionally more active in vitro but did not prevent spontaneous as well as adriamycin-induced nephropathy in vivo. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 51:1357-67. [PMID: 22513147 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The frequency and function of Tregs are important in the pathogenesis of SLE. Nonetheless, the function of Tregs is still controversial in SLE patients and lupus mouse models. In the present study, we investigated the suppressive function of Tregs from MRL/lpr mice in vitro and in vivo by using an alternative quantitative assay. METHODS We assessed the suppressive function of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs, the proliferative activity of CD4(+)CD25(-) effector T cells (Teffs) and the feeder activity of CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DCs), isolated from the spleens of MRL/lpr mice and wild-type (WT) MRL/+ mice, by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester dilution assay stimulated with two distinct types of signals, weak and strong. In order to assess the protective function of Tregs from an immune-mediated disease in vivo, we induced renal damage by injecting adriamycin (ADN) into the mice. RESULTS The in vitro assay showed enhanced suppressive activity of Tregs and feeder activity of DCs, but far less proliferative activity of Teffs from MRL/lpr mice, compared with those from the WT mice. The in vivo study showed more severe ADN-induced nephropathy in MRL/lpr mice than in the WT mice, while mild interstitial nephritis had already begun spontaneously by 16 weeks in MRL/lpr mice. CONCLUSION It was suggested that Tregs from MRL/lpr mice were functionally competent and intrinsically more active in vitro, but they were not capable of preventing the ADN-induced as well as the spontaneously developing nephropathy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Ran Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Mok-6-Dong 911-1, Yangchon-Gu, Seoul 158-710, South Korea
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O’Sullivan BJ, Pai S, Street S, An X, MacDonald KPA, Wong M, Strutton G, Gerondakis S, Steptoe RJ, Fazekas de St. Groth B, Hill GR, Thomas R. Immunotherapy with Costimulatory Dendritic Cells To Control Autoimmune Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:4018-30. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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Carlucci F, Fossati-Jimack L, Dumitriu IE, Heidari Y, Walport MJ, Szajna M, Baruah P, Garden OA, Cook HT, Botto M. Identification and characterization of a lupus suppressor 129 locus on chromosome 3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:6256-65. [PMID: 20435933 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The 129-derived Sle16 is a susceptibility locus for systemic autoimmunity when present on the C57BL/6 (B6) background. Genetic analysis of a (129xB6)F2 cross identified a region from the B6 chromosome 3 (Sle18) with positive linkage to antinuclear Abs. In this study, we have generated a B6 congenic strain harboring the 129 allele of Sle18 and intercrossed this line with the lupus-prone B6.129-Sle16 strain. The presence of the 129-Sle18 allele in the B6.129-Sle16Sle18 double congenic mice suppressed the development of Sle16-mediated autoantibody production and ameliorated the renal pathology. The 129-Sle18 locus rectified the B cell abnormalities detected in the B6.129-Sle16 mice, such as the reduction in the percentage of marginal zone B and B1a cells and the increased number of germinal centers. The B6.129-Sle16Sle18 spleens still displayed an increased percentage of activated T and B cells. However, in the B6.129-Sle16Sle18 strain the percentage of naive T cells was equivalent to that in B6.129-Sle18 and B6 mice and these cells showed a reduced proliferative response to anti-CD3 stimulation compared with B6.129-Sle16 T cells. There was a significant increase in the percentage of CD4(+)FoxP3(+)regulatory T cells in all congenic strains. These cells had normal regulatory function when tested in vitro. Thus, 129-Sle18 represents a novel, non-MHC lupus-suppressor locus probably operating as a functional modifier of B cells that, in combination with other factors, leads to lupus resistance. Further characterization of this locus will help to uncover the immune mechanism(s) conferring protection against lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Carlucci
- Rheumatology Section, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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18
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The protective effects of ultraviolet A1 irradiation on spontaneous lupus erythematosus-like skin lesions in MRL/lpr mice. Clin Dev Immunol 2009; 2009:673952. [PMID: 19434230 PMCID: PMC2673515 DOI: 10.1155/2009/673952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of ultraviolet A1 (UVA1) irradiation on spontaneous lupus erythematosus- (LE-) like skin lesions of MRL/lpr mice, using a disease prevention model. UVA1 irradiation significantly inhibited the development of LE-like skin lesions, without obvious changes of the disease including renal disease and serum antinuclear antibody levels. Besides the massive infiltration of mast cells in the LE-like skin lesions, in the nonlesional skins, more mast cells infiltrated in the UVA1-irradiated group compared with the nonirradiated group. Although apoptotic cells were remarkably seen in the dermis of UVA1-irradiated mice, those cells were hardly detectable in the dermis of the nonirradiated mice without skin lesions. Further analysis showed that some of those apoptotic cells were mast cells. Thus, UVA1 might exert its effects, at least in part, through the induction of the apoptosis of pathogenic mast cells. Our results supported the clinical efficacy of UVA1 irradiation for skin lesions of lupus patients.
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