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Zhou J, Qian M, Jiang N, Wu J, Feng X, Yu M, Min Q, Xu H, Yang Y, Yang Q, Zhou F, Shao L, Zhu H, Yang Y, Wang JY, Ruan Q, Zhang W. A Novel Homozygous RHOH Variant Associated with T Cell Dysfunction and Recurrent Opportunistic Infections. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:131. [PMID: 38775840 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
RHOH, an atypical small GTPase predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells, plays a vital role in immune function. A deficiency in RHOH has been linked to epidermodysplasia verruciformis, lung disease, Burkitt lymphoma and T cell defects. Here, we report a novel germline homozygous RHOH c.245G > A (p.Cys82Tyr) variant in a 21-year-old male suffering from recurrent, invasive, opportunistic infections affecting the lungs, eyes, and brain. His sister also succumbed to a lung infection during early adulthood. The patient exhibited a persistent decrease in CD4+ T, B, and NK cell counts, and hypoimmunoglobulinemia. The patient's T cell showed impaired activation upon in vitro TCR stimulation. In Jurkat T cells transduced with RHOHC82Y, a similar reduction in activation marker CD69 up-regulation was observed. Furthermore, the C82Y variant showed reduced RHOH protein expression and impaired interaction with the TCR signaling molecule ZAP70. Together, these data suggest that the newly identified autosomal-recessive RHOH variant is associated with T cell dysfunction and recurrent opportunistic infections, functioning as a hypomorph by disrupting ZAP70-mediated TCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12 M. Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Mengqing Qian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12 M. Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12 M. Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, SKLG, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Sci-Tech Inno Center for Infection & Immunity, Shanghai, 200052, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12 M. Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaoqian Feng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Room 921, West #13 building, 130 Dong'an road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meiping Yu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Min
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoxin Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12 M. Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yixuan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12 M. Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qingluan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12 M. Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Feiran Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12 M. Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lingyun Shao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12 M. Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Haoxiang Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12 M. Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatic Diseases, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan, 650034, China
| | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Room 921, West #13 building, 130 Dong'an road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Sci-Tech Inno Center for Infection & Immunity, Shanghai, 200052, China.
| | - Qiaoling Ruan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12 M. Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12 M. Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Sci-Tech Inno Center for Infection & Immunity, Shanghai, 200052, China
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2
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Peng S, Stojkov D, Gao J, Oberson K, Latzin P, Casaulta C, Yousefi S, Simon HU. Nascent RHOH acts as a molecular brake on actomyosin-mediated effector functions of inflammatory neutrophils. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001794. [PMID: 36108062 PMCID: PMC9514642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to molecular changes associated with increased inflammatory responses, little is known about intracellular counter-regulatory mechanisms that control signaling cascades associated with functional responses of neutrophils. Active RHO GTPases are typically considered as effector proteins that elicit cellular responses. Strikingly, we show here that RHOH, although being constitutively GTP-bound, limits neutrophil degranulation and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Mechanistically, RHOH is induced under inflammatory conditions and binds to non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMHC IIA) in activated neutrophils in order to inhibit the transport of mitochondria and granules along actin filaments, which is partially reverted upon disruption of the interaction with NMHC IIA by introducing a mutation in RhoH at lysine 34 (RhoHK34A). In parallel, RHOH inhibits actin polymerization presumably by modulating RAC1 activity. In vivo studies using Rhoh-/- mice, demonstrate an increased antibacterial defense capability against Escherichia coli (E. coli). Collectively, our data reveal a previously undefined role of RHOH as a molecular brake for actomyosin-mediated neutrophil effector functions, which represents an intracellular regulatory axis involved in controlling the strength of an antibacterial inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Peng
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Darko Stojkov
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kevin Oberson
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Latzin
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Casaulta
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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3
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Galiègue‐Zouitina S, Fu Q, Carton‐Latreche C, Poret N, Cheok M, Leprêtre F, Figeac M, Quesnel B, El Bouazzati H, Shelley CS. Bimodal expression of
RHOH
during myelomonocytic differentiation: Implications for the expansion of AML differentiation therapy. EJHAEM 2021; 2:196-210. [PMID: 35845268 PMCID: PMC9175762 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
RhoH is an unusual member of the Rho family of small GTP‐binding proteins in that it lacks GTPase activity. Since the RhoH protein is constantly bound by GTP, it is constitutively active and controlled predominantly by changes in quantitative expression. Abnormal levels of RHOH gene transcripts have been linked to a range of malignancies including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). One of the hallmarks of AML is a block in the normal program of myeloid differentiation. Here we investigate how myeloid differentiation is controlled by the quantitative expression of RHOH. Our analysis demonstrates that increasingly mature myeloid cells express progressively lower levels of RHOH. However, as monocytic myeloid cells terminally differentiate into macrophages, RHOH expression is up‐regulated. This up‐regulation is not apparent in AML where myeloid differentiation is blocked at stages of low RHOH expression. Nevertheless, when the up‐regulation of RHOH is forced, then terminal macrophage differentiation is induced and the Cdc42 and Wnt intracellular signalling pathways are repressed. These results indicate that RHOH induction is a driver of terminal differentiation and might represent a means of effecting AML differentiation therapy. The potential of this therapeutic strategy is supported by forced up‐regulation of RHOH reducing the ability of AML cells to produce tumours in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Galiègue‐Zouitina
- JPARC UMRS 1172 Inserm Lille University Lille France
- Place de Verdun Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille Lille Cedex France
| | - Qiangwei Fu
- California Institute for Biomedical Research La Jolla California USA
| | - Céline Carton‐Latreche
- JPARC UMRS 1172 Inserm Lille University Lille France
- Place de Verdun Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille Lille Cedex France
| | - Nicolas Poret
- JPARC UMRS 1172 Inserm Lille University Lille France
- Place de Verdun Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille Lille Cedex France
| | - Meyling Cheok
- JPARC UMRS 1172 Inserm Lille University Lille France
- Place de Verdun Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille Lille Cedex France
- Canther UMR 1277 Inserm‐9020 CNRS Lille University Lille France
| | - Frédéric Leprêtre
- UMS 2014 ‐ US 41 Plateau de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Structurale Lille University Lille France
| | - Martin Figeac
- UMS 2014 ‐ US 41 Plateau de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Structurale Lille University Lille France
| | - Bruno Quesnel
- JPARC UMRS 1172 Inserm Lille University Lille France
- Place de Verdun Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille Lille Cedex France
- Canther UMR 1277 Inserm‐9020 CNRS Lille University Lille France
- CHU Lille Service des Maladies du Sang Lille France
| | - Hassiba El Bouazzati
- JPARC UMRS 1172 Inserm Lille University Lille France
- Place de Verdun Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille Lille Cedex France
- Canther UMR 1277 Inserm‐9020 CNRS Lille University Lille France
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4
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Ahmad Mokhtar AM, Hashim IF, Mohd Zaini Makhtar M, Salikin NH, Amin-Nordin S. The Role of RhoH in TCR Signalling and Its Involvement in Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:950. [PMID: 33923951 PMCID: PMC8072805 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As an atypical member of the Rho family small GTPases, RhoH shares less than 50% sequence similarity with other members, and its expression is commonly observed in the haematopoietic lineage. To date, RhoH function was observed in regulating T cell receptor signalling, and less is known in other haematopoietic cells. Its activation may not rely on the standard GDP/GTP cycling of small G proteins and is thought to be constitutively active because critical amino acids involved in GTP hydrolysis are absent. Alternatively, its activation can be regulated by other types of regulation, including lysosomal degradation, somatic mutation and transcriptional repressor, which also results in an altered protein expression. Aberrant protein expression of RhoH has been implicated not only in B cell malignancies but also in immune-related diseases, such as primary immunodeficiencies, systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis, wherein its involvement may provide the link between immune-related diseases and cancer. RhoH association with these diseases involves several other players, including its interacting partner, ZAP-70; activation regulators, Vav1 and RhoGDI and other small GTPases, such as RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42. As such, RhoH and its associated proteins are potential attack points, especially in the treatment of cancer and immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Masara Ahmad Mokhtar
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (M.M.Z.M.); (N.H.S.)
| | - Ilie Fadzilah Hashim
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Group, Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (M.M.Z.M.); (N.H.S.)
| | - Nor Hawani Salikin
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (M.M.Z.M.); (N.H.S.)
| | - Syafinaz Amin-Nordin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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5
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Stoeckle C, Geering B, Yousefi S, Rožman S, Andina N, Benarafa C, Simon HU. RhoH is a negative regulator of eosinophilopoiesis. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1961-1972. [PMID: 27740624 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are frequently elevated in pathological conditions and can cause tissue damage and disease exacerbation. The number of eosinophils in the blood is largely regulated by factors controlling their production in the bone marrow. While several exogenous factors, such as interleukin-5, have been described to promote eosinophil differentiation, comparatively little is known about eosinophil-intrinsic factors that control their de novo generation. Here, we report that the small atypical GTPase RhoH is induced during human eosinophil differentiation, highly expressed in mature blood eosinophils and further upregulated in patients suffering from a hypereosinophilic syndrome. Overexpression of RhoH increases, in a Rho-associated protein kinase-dependent manner, the expression of GATA-2, a transcription factor involved in regulating eosinophil differentiation. In RhoH-/- mice, we observed reduced GATA-2 expression as well as accelerated eosinophil differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, RhoH overexpression in bone marrow progenitors reduces eosinophil development in mixed bone marrow chimeras. These results highlight a novel negative regulatory role for RhoH in eosinophil differentiation, most likely in consequence of altered GATA-2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Geering
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Saša Rožman
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Andina
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Charaf Benarafa
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Mele S, Devereux S, Ridley AJ. Rho and Rap guanosine triphosphatase signaling in B cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:1993-2001. [PMID: 24237579 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.866666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells proliferate predominantly in niches in the lymph nodes, where signaling from the B cell receptor (BCR) and the surrounding microenvironment are critical for disease progression. In addition, leukemic cells traffic constantly from the bloodstream into the lymph nodes, migrate within lymphatic tissues and egress back to the bloodstream. These processes are driven by chemokines and their receptors, and depend on changes in cell migration and integrin-mediated adhesion. Here we describe how Rho and Rap guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) contribute to both BCR signaling and chemokine receptor signaling, particularly by regulating cytoskeletal dynamics and integrin activity. We propose that new inhibitors of BCR-activated kinases are likely to affect CLL cell trafficking via Rho and Rap GTPases, and that upstream regulators or downstream effectors could be good targets for therapeutic intervention in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mele
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London , London , UK
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7
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Belaid A, Ndiaye PD, Cerezo M, Cailleteau L, Brest P, Klionsky DJ, Carle GF, Hofman P, Mograbi B. Autophagy and SQSTM1 on the RHOA(d) again: emerging roles of autophagy in the degradation of signaling proteins. Autophagy 2013; 10:201-8. [PMID: 24300375 DOI: 10.4161/auto.27198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of signaling proteins is one of the most powerful tumor-suppressive mechanisms by which a cell can control its own growth, its survival, and its motility. Emerging evidence suggests that autophagy limits several signaling pathways by degrading kinases, downstream components, and transcription factors; however, this often occurs under stressful conditions. Our recent studies revealed that constitutive autophagy temporally and spatially controls the RHOA pathway. Specifically, inhibition of autophagosome degradation induces the accumulation of the GTP-bound form of RHOA. The active RHOA is sequestered via SQSTM1/p62 within autolysosomes, and accordingly fails to localize to the spindle midbody or to the cell surface, as we demonstrate herein. As a result, all RHOA-downstream responses are deregulated, thus driving cytokinesis failure, aneuploidy and motility, three processes that directly have an impact upon cancer progression. We therefore propose that autophagy acts as a degradative brake for RHOA signaling and thereby controls cell proliferation, migration, and genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Belaid
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN); INSERM U1081; CNRS UMR7284; Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis; Faculté de Médecine; Nice, France; Equipe Labellisée par l'ARC; Villejuif, France; Centre Antoine Lacassagne; Nice, France
| | - Papa Diogop Ndiaye
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN); INSERM U1081; CNRS UMR7284; Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis; Faculté de Médecine; Nice, France; Equipe Labellisée par l'ARC; Villejuif, France; Centre Antoine Lacassagne; Nice, France
| | - Michaël Cerezo
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN); INSERM U1081; CNRS UMR7284; Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis; Faculté de Médecine; Nice, France; INSERM U895/C3M: Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire; Nice, France
| | - Laurence Cailleteau
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN); INSERM U1081; CNRS UMR7284; Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis; Faculté de Médecine; Nice, France
| | - Patrick Brest
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN); INSERM U1081; CNRS UMR7284; Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis; Faculté de Médecine; Nice, France; Equipe Labellisée par l'ARC; Villejuif, France; Centre Antoine Lacassagne; Nice, France
| | | | - Georges F Carle
- Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis; Faculté de Médecine; Nice, France; Centre Antoine Lacassagne; Nice, France; Laboratoire TIRO-MATOs UMR E4320; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique; Nice, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN); INSERM U1081; CNRS UMR7284; Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis; Faculté de Médecine; Nice, France; Equipe Labellisée par l'ARC; Villejuif, France; Centre Antoine Lacassagne; Nice, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice; Pasteur Hospital; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology; Nice, France
| | - Baharia Mograbi
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN); INSERM U1081; CNRS UMR7284; Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis; Faculté de Médecine; Nice, France; Equipe Labellisée par l'ARC; Villejuif, France; Centre Antoine Lacassagne; Nice, France
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8
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Troeger A, Chae HD, Senturk M, Wood J, Williams DA. A unique carboxyl-terminal insert domain in the hematopoietic-specific, GTPase-deficient Rho GTPase RhoH regulates post-translational processing. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36451-62. [PMID: 24189071 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.505727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoH is a hematopoietic-specific, GTPase-deficient member of the Rho GTPase family that was first identified as a hypermutable gene in human B lineage lymphomas. RhoH remains in a constitutively active state and thus its effects are regulated by expression levels or post-translational modifications. Similar to other small GTPases, intracellular localization of RhoH is dependent upon the conserved "CAAX" box and surrounding sequences within the carboxyl (C) terminus. However, RhoH also contains a unique C-terminal "insert" domain of yet undetermined function. RhoH serves as adaptor molecule in T cell receptor signaling and RhoH expression correlates with the unfavorable prognostic marker ZAP70 in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Disease progression is attenuated in a Rhoh(-/-) mouse model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and treatment of primary human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with Lenalidomide results in reduced RhoH protein levels. Thus, RhoH is a potential therapeutic target in B cell malignancies. In the current studies, we demonstrate that deletion of the insert domain (LFSINE) results in significant cytoplasmic protein accumulation. Using inhibitors of degradation pathways, we show that LFSINE regulates lysosomal RhoH uptake and degradation via chaperone-mediated autophagy. Whereas the C-terminal prenylation site is critical for ZAP70 interaction, subcellular localization and rescue of the Rhoh(-/-) T cell defect in vivo, the insert domain appears dispensable for these functions. Taken together, our findings suggest that the insert domain regulates protein stability and activity without otherwise affecting RhoH function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Troeger
- From the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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9
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Belaid A, Cerezo M, Chargui A, Corcelle-Termeau E, Pedeutour F, Giuliano S, Ilie M, Rubera I, Tauc M, Barale S, Bertolotto C, Brest P, Vouret-Craviari V, Klionsky DJ, Carle GF, Hofman P, Mograbi B. Autophagy plays a critical role in the degradation of active RHOA, the control of cell cytokinesis, and genomic stability. Cancer Res 2013; 73:4311-22. [PMID: 23704209 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of signaling proteins is one of the most powerful tumor-suppressive mechanisms by which a cell can control its own growth. Here, we identify RHOA as the molecular target by which autophagy maintains genomic stability. Specifically, inhibition of autophagosome degradation by the loss of the v-ATPase a3 (TCIRG1) subunit is sufficient to induce aneuploidy. Underlying this phenotype, active RHOA is sequestered via p62 (SQSTM1) within autolysosomes and fails to localize to the plasma membrane or to the spindle midbody. Conversely, inhibition of autophagosome formation by ATG5 shRNA dramatically increases localization of active RHOA at the midbody, followed by diffusion to the flanking zones. As a result, all of the approaches we examined that compromise autophagy (irrespective of the defect: autophagosome formation, sequestration, or degradation) drive cytokinesis failure, multinucleation, and aneuploidy, processes that directly have an impact upon cancer progression. Consistently, we report a positive correlation between autophagy defects and the higher expression of RHOA in human lung carcinoma. We therefore propose that autophagy may act, in part, as a safeguard mechanism that degrades and thereby maintains the appropriate level of active RHOA at the midbody for faithful completion of cytokinesis and genome inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Belaid
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), INSERM U1081, CNRS UMR7284, Laboratoire TIRO-MATOs UMR E4320, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Avenue de Valombrose; 06107 Nice Cedex 02, France
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10
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Opposing roles for RhoH GTPase during T-cell migration and activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:10474-9. [PMID: 22689994 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1114214109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells spend the majority of their time perusing lymphoid organs in search of cognate antigen presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs) and then quickly recirculate through the bloodstream to another lymph node. Therefore, regulation of a T-cell response is dependent upon the ability of cells to arrive in the correct location following chemokine gradients ("go" signal) as well as to receive appropriate T-cell receptor (TCR) activation signals upon cognate antigen recognition ("stop" signal). However, the mechanisms by which T cells regulate these go and stop signals remain unclear. We found that overexpression of the hematopoietic-specific RhoH protein in the presence of chemokine signals resulted in decreased Rap1-GTP and LFA-1 adhesiveness to ICAM-1, thus impairing T-cell chemotaxis; while in the presence of TCR signals, there were enhanced and sustained Rap1-GTP and LFA-1 activation as well as prolonged T:APC conjugates. RT-PCR analyses of activated CD4(+) T cells and live images of T-cell migration and immunological synapse (IS) formation revealed that functions of RhoH took place primarily at the levels of transcription and intracellular distribution. Thus, we conclude that RhoH expression provides a key molecular determinant that allows T cells to switch between sensing chemokine-mediated go signals and TCR-dependent stop signals.
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11
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Molecular distinctions between pediatric and adult mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas identified through genomic profiling. Blood 2012; 119:3757-66. [PMID: 22374697 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-05-349662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) predominates in pediatric patients, whereas diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is uncommon. In contrast to adults, BL and DLBCL are treated similarly in children and both entities have superior outcomes in children compared with adults. Gene expression profiling (GEP) and miRNA expression profiling clearly differentiated pediatric DLBCL from BL, forming distinct clusters regardless of patient age. However, pathway analysis of GEP data identified minor differences between corresponding pediatric and adult tumors. Predominance (6:1) of the germinal center B-cell subtype to activated B-cell subtype was found among pediatric DLBCL. Two cases were molecularly classified as primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. We observed frequent abnormalities in 8q24 in pediatric DLBCL, including MYC rearrangement in 31% (5 of 16) and gain or amplification in 50% (6 of 12) nonrearranged cases. MYC rearrangement was present in 96% (23 of 24) BL cases. Array-based CGH analysis identified abnormalities that are shared between adult and pediatric DLBCL (+12q15, +19q13, -6q), and abnormalities unique to the pediatric cases (-4p14, -19q13.32, +16p11.2), suggesting distinct pathogenetic mechanisms relative to age. Elucidation of the underlying target genes may provide insight into factors that modulate outcome and could provide potential novel therapeutic targets with less toxicity for pediatric patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Abstract
RhoH is a member of the Rho family of small GTP-binding proteins that lacks GTPase activity. Since RhoH is constantly bound by GTP, it is thought to be constitutively active and controlled predominantly by changes in quantitative expression. RhoH is produced specifically in haematopoietic cells and aberrant expression has been linked to various forms of leukaemia. Transcription of the RHOH gene is the first level at which the quantitative levels of the RhoH protein are regulated. Previous studies have demonstrated that RHOH gene transcription is initiated by three distinct promoter regions designated P1, P2 and P3 that define the 5' end of exons 1, 2 and 4 respectively. In the present study we report that the P3 promoter is largely responsible for RHOH gene transcription in the B-lymphocytic cell line Raji. The P3 promoter contains a minimal promoter region and a repressor region extending from -236 to +67 and +68 to +245 respectively, relative to the 5' end of exon 4. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that two AP1 (activator protein 1) sites in the minimal promoter region bind JunD. When JUND is overexpressed, the endogenous RHOH gene is repressed; however, when JUND is inhibited, expression of endogenous RHOH is induced both in the Raji cell line and AML (acute myeloid leukaemia) cells. In the HCL (hairy cell leukaemia) cell line JOK-1, induction of RHOH increases expression of the α isoform of protein kinase C. This downstream target of RHOH is also induced in AML cells by JUND inhibition. Collectively, these data indicate that JunD is an inhibitor of RHOH gene expression.
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Porubsky S, Wang S, Kiss E, Dehmel S, Bonrouhi M, Dorn T, Luckow B, Brakebusch C, Gröne HJ. Rhoh deficiency reduces peripheral T-cell function and attenuates allogenic transplant rejection. Eur J Immunol 2010; 41:76-88. [PMID: 21182079 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Rhoh is a hematopoietic system-specific GTPase. Rhoh-deficient T cells have been shown to have a defect in TCR signaling manifested during their thymic development. Our aims were to investigate the phenotype of peripheral Rhoh-deficient T cells and to explore in vivo the potential benefit of Rhoh deficiency in a clinically relevant situation, in which T-cell inhibition is desirable. In murine allogenic kidney transplantation, Rhoh deficiency caused a significant 75% reduction of acute and chronic transplant rejection accompanied by 75% lower alloantigen-specific antibody levels and significantly better graft function. This effect was independent of the lower T-cell numbers in Rhoh-deficient recipients, because injection of equal numbers of Rhoh-deficient or control T cells into kidney transplanted mice with SCID led again to a significant 60% reduction of rejection. Mixed lymphocyte reaction revealed that the weaker alloreactivity was associated with a 85% lower cytotoxicity and a 50-80% lower cytokine release in Rhoh-deficient T cells without an influence on the secretion itself. Antigen uptake and presentation in DC were unaffected by Rhoh deficiency. These findings stress the importance of Rhoh for the function of peripheral T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Porubsky
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Parri M, Chiarugi P. Rac and Rho GTPases in cancer cell motility control. Cell Commun Signal 2010; 8:23. [PMID: 20822528 PMCID: PMC2941746 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-8-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases represent a family of small GTP-binding proteins involved in cell cytoskeleton organization, migration, transcription, and proliferation. A common theme of these processes is a dynamic reorganization of actin cytoskeleton which has now emerged as a major switch control mainly carried out by Rho and Rac GTPase subfamilies, playing an acknowledged role in adaptation of cell motility to the microenvironment. Cells exhibit three distinct modes of migration when invading the 3 D environment. Collective motility leads to movement of cohorts of cells which maintain the adherens junctions and move by photolytic degradation of matrix barriers. Single cell mesenchymal-type movement is characterized by an elongated cellular shape and again requires extracellular proteolysis and integrin engagement. In addition it depends on Rac1-mediated cell polarization and lamellipodia formation. Conversely, in amoeboid movement cells have a rounded morphology, the movement is independent from proteases but requires high Rho GTPase to drive elevated levels of actomyosin contractility. These two modes of cell movement are interconvertible and several moving cells, including tumor cells, show an high degree of plasticity in motility styles shifting ad hoc between mesenchymal or amoeboid movements. This review will focus on the role of Rac and Rho small GTPases in cell motility and in the complex relationship driving the reciprocal control between Rac and Rho granting for the opportunistic motile behaviour of aggressive cancer cells. In addition we analyse the role of these GTPases in cancer progression and metastatic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Parri
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, Tuscany Tumor Institute and "Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE", 50134 Florence, Italy.
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