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Kelly LE, El-Hodiri HM, Crider A, Fischer AJ. Protein phosphatases regulate the formation of Müller glia-derived progenitor cells in the chick retina. Mol Cell Neurosci 2024; 129:103932. [PMID: 38679247 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Different kinase-dependent cell signaling pathways are known to play important roles in glia-mediated neuroprotection and reprogramming of Müller glia (MG) into Müller glia-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs) in the retina. However, very little is known about the phosphatases that regulate kinase-dependent signaling in MG. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) databases, we investigated patterns of expression of Dual Specificity Phosphatases (DUSP1/6) and other protein phosphatases in normal and damaged chick retinas. We found that DUSP1, DUSP6, PPP3CB, PPP3R1 and PPPM1A/B/D/E/G are widely expressed by many types of retinal neurons and are dynamically expressed by MG and MGPCs in retinas during the process of reprogramming. We find that inhibition of DUSP1/6 and PP2C phosphatases enhances the formation of proliferating MGPCs in damaged retinas and in retinas treated with insulin and FGF2 in the absence of damage. By contrast, inhibition of PP2B phosphatases suppressed the formation of proliferating MGPCs, but increased numbers of proliferating MGPCs in undamaged retinas treated with insulin and FGF2. In damaged retinas, inhibition of DUSP1/6 increased levels of pERK1/2 and cFos in MG whereas inhibition of PP2B's decreased levels of pStat3 and pS6 in MG. Analyses of scRNA-seq libraries identified numerous differentially activated gene modules in MG in damaged retinas versus MG in retinas treated with insulin+FGF2 suggesting significant differences in kinase-dependent signaling pathways that converge on the formation of MGPCs. Inhibition of phosphatases had no significant effects upon numbers of dying cells in damaged retinas. We conclude that the activity of different protein phosphatases acting through retinal neurons and MG "fine-tune" the cell signaling responses of MG in damaged retinas and during the reprogramming of MG into MGPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa E Kelly
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Heithem M El-Hodiri
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew Crider
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andy J Fischer
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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2
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Bacsa B, Hopl V, Derler I. Synthetic Biology Meets Ca 2+ Release-Activated Ca 2+ Channel-Dependent Immunomodulation. Cells 2024; 13:468. [PMID: 38534312 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Many essential biological processes are triggered by the proximity of molecules. Meanwhile, diverse approaches in synthetic biology, such as new biological parts or engineered cells, have opened up avenues to precisely control the proximity of molecules and eventually downstream signaling processes. This also applies to a main Ca2+ entry pathway into the cell, the so-called Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel. CRAC channels are among other channels are essential in the immune response and are activated by receptor-ligand binding at the cell membrane. The latter initiates a signaling cascade within the cell, which finally triggers the coupling of the two key molecular components of the CRAC channel, namely the stromal interaction molecule, STIM, in the ER membrane and the plasma membrane Ca2+ ion channel, Orai. Ca2+ entry, established via STIM/Orai coupling, is essential for various immune cell functions, including cytokine release, proliferation, and cytotoxicity. In this review, we summarize the tools of synthetic biology that have been used so far to achieve precise control over the CRAC channel pathway and thus over downstream signaling events related to the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Bacsa
- Division of Medical Physics und Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Valentina Hopl
- Institute of Biophysics, JKU Life Science Center, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Isabella Derler
- Institute of Biophysics, JKU Life Science Center, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
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3
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Kelly LE, El-Hodiri HM, Crider A, Fischer AJ. Protein phosphatases regulate the formation of Müller glia-derived progenitor cells in the chick retina. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.11.570629. [PMID: 38168320 PMCID: PMC10760049 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.11.570629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Different kinase-dependent cell signaling pathways are known to play important roles in glia-mediated neuroprotection and reprogramming of Müller glia (MG) into Müller glia-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs) in the retina. However, very little is known about the phosphatases that regulate kinase-dependent signaling in MG. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) databases, we investigated patterns of expression of Dual Specificity Phosphatases (DUSP1/6) and other protein phosphatases in normal and damaged chick retinas. We found that DUSP1, DUSP6, PPP3CB, PPP3R1 and PPPM1A/B/D/E/G are dynamically expressed by MG and MGPCs in retinas during the process of reprogramming. We find that inhibition of DUSP1/6 and PP2C phosphatases enhances the formation of proliferating MGPCs in damaged retinas and in retinas treated with insulin in FGF2 in the absence of damage. By contrast, inhibition of PP2B phosphatases suppressed the formation of proliferating MGPCs, but increased numbers of proliferating MGPCs in undamaged retinas treated with insulin and FGF2. In damaged retinas, inhibition of DUSP1/6 increased levels of pERK1/2 and cFos in MG whereas inhibition of PP2B's decreased levels of pStat3 and pS6 in MG. Analyses of scRNA-seq libraries identified numerous differentially activated gene modules in MG in damaged retinas versus MG in retinas treated with insulin+FGF2 suggesting significant differences in kinase-dependent signaling pathways that converge on the formation of MGPCs. Inhibition of phosphatases had no significant effects upon numbers of dying cells in damaged retinas. We conclude that the activity of different protein phosphatases "fine-tune" the cell signaling responses of MG in damaged retinas and during the reprogramming of MG into MGPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa E. Kelly
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Heithem M. El-Hodiri
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Andrew Crider
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Andy J. Fischer
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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4
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Moon JH, Hong JM, Seol JW, Park BY, Eo SK, Park SY. Melatonin inhibits Japanese encephalitis virus replication and neurotoxicity via calcineurin-autophagy pathways. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:59. [PMID: 37932682 PMCID: PMC10629071 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has no specific treatment except for supportive medical care. JEV is a neurotropic virus that affects the nervous system and triggers inflammation in the brain. METHODS Melatonin is used as a sleep-inducing agent in neurophysiology and may serve as a protective agent against neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we investigated the effects of melatonin and the critical roles of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase calcineurin during JEV infection in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. RESULTS Melatonin treatment decreased JEV replication and JEV-mediated neurotoxicity. Calcineurin activity was increased by JEV infection and inhibited by melatonin treatment. Through calcineurin regulation, melatonin decreased the JEV-mediated neuroinflammatory response and attenuated JEV-induced autophagy. CONCLUSIONS Calcineurin inactivation has a protective effect in JEV-infected neuronal cells, and melatonin is a novel resource for the development of anti-JEV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hong Moon
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Hong
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Seol
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea
| | - Byung-Yong Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea.
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5
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Duan R, Xie L, Li H, Wang R, Liu X, Tao T, Yang S, Gao Y, Lin X, Su W. Insights Gained from Single-Cell Analysis of Immune Cells on Cyclosporine A treatment in autoimmune uveitis. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Leong E, Pang Z, Stadnyk AW, Lin TJ. Calcineurin Aα Contributes to IgE-Dependent Mast-Cell Mediator Secretion in Allergic Inflammation. J Innate Immun 2021; 14:320-334. [PMID: 34839285 PMCID: PMC9274814 DOI: 10.1159/000520040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are key mediators of allergic inflammation through the activation of cross-linked immunoglobulin E (IgE) bound to the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcϵRI) on the cell surface, leading to the release of biologically potent mediators, either from preformed granules or newly synthesized. Pharmacological inhibitors have been developed to target a key signaling protein phosphatase in this pathway, calcineurin, yet there is a lack of genetic and definitive evidence for the various isoforms of calcineurin subunits in FcϵRI-mediated responses. In this study, we hypothesized that deficiency in the calcineurin Aα isoform will result in a decreased allergic immune response by the MCs. In a model of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, there was a reduction in vascular permeability in MC-deficient mouse tissues reconstituted with calcineurin subunit A (CnAα) gene-knockout (CnAα<sup>−/−</sup>) MCs, and in vitro experiments identified a significant reduction in release of preformed mediators from granules. Furthermore, released levels of de novo synthesized cytokines were reduced upon FcϵRI activation of CnAα<sup>−/−</sup> MCs in vitro. Characterizing the mechanisms associated with this deficit response, we found a significant impairment of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cell phosphorylation and impaired nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cell inhibitor alpha (NF-κB) activation. Thus, we concluded that CnAα contributes to the release of preformed mediators and newly synthesized mediators from FcϵRI-mediated activation of MCs, and this regulation includes NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Leong
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,
| | - Zheng Pang
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Andrew W Stadnyk
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Isaac Walton Killam Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tong-Jun Lin
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Isaac Walton Killam Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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7
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Seumen CHT, Grimm TM, Hauck CR. Protein phosphatases in TLR signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:45. [PMID: 33882943 PMCID: PMC8058998 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical sensors for the detection of potentially harmful microbes. They are instrumental in initiating innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogenic organisms. However, exaggerated activation of TLR receptor signaling can also be responsible for the onset of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. While positive regulators of TLR signaling, such as protein serine/threonine kinases, have been studied intensively, only little is known about phosphatases, which counterbalance and limit TLR signaling. In this review, we summarize protein phosphorylation events and their roles in the TLR pathway and highlight the involvement of protein phosphatases as negative regulators at specific steps along the TLR-initiated signaling cascade. Then, we focus on individual phosphatase families, specify the function of individual enzymes in TLR signaling in more detail and give perspectives for future research. A better understanding of phosphatase-mediated regulation of TLR signaling could provide novel access points to mitigate excessive immune activation and to modulate innate immune signaling.![]() Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis H T Seumen
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Postablage 621, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tanja M Grimm
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Postablage 621, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christof R Hauck
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Postablage 621, 78457, Konstanz, Germany. .,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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8
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Vaeth M, Kahlfuss S, Feske S. CRAC Channels and Calcium Signaling in T Cell-Mediated Immunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:878-901. [PMID: 32711944 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signals play fundamental roles in immune cell function. The main sources of Ca2+ influx in mammalian lymphocytes following antigen receptor stimulation are Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. These are formed by ORAI proteins in the plasma membrane and are activated by stromal interaction molecules (STIM) located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Human loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in ORAI1 and STIM1 that abolish Ca2+ influx cause a unique disease syndrome called CRAC channelopathy that is characterized by immunodeficiency autoimmunity and non-immunological symptoms. Studies in mice lacking Stim and Orai genes have illuminated many cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these molecules control lymphocyte function. CRAC channels are required for the differentiation and function of several T lymphocyte subsets that provide immunity to infection, mediate inflammation and prevent autoimmunity. This review examines new insights into how CRAC channels control T cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vaeth
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sascha Kahlfuss
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Karl M, Sommer C, Gabriel CH, Hecklau K, Venzke M, Hennig AF, Radbruch A, Selbach M, Baumgrass R. Recruitment of Histone Methyltransferase Ehmt1 to Foxp3 TSDR Counteracts Differentiation of Induced Regulatory T Cells. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:3606-3625. [PMID: 31362003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation toward CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells is essentially dependent on an epigenetic program at Treg signature genes, which involves remodeling of the Treg-specific demethylated regions (TSDRs). In particular, the epigenetic status of the conserved non-coding sequence 2 of Foxp3 (Foxp3 TSDR) determines expression stability of the master transcription factor and thus Treg lineage identity. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling the epigenetic remodeling at TSDRs in Treg and conventional T cells are largely unknown. Using a combined approach of DNA pull-down and mass spectrometric analysis, we report a novel regulatory mechanism in which transcription factor Wiz recruits the histone methyltransferase Ehmt1 to Foxp3 TSDR. We show that both Wiz and Ehmt1 are crucial for shaping the region with the repressive histone modification H3K9me2 in conventional T cells. Consistently, knocking out either Ehmt1 or Wiz by CRISPR/Cas resulted in the loss of H3K9me2 and enhanced Foxp3 expression during iTreg differentiation. Moreover, the essential role of the Wiz-Ehmt1 interaction as observed at several TSDRs indicates a global function of Ehmt1 in the Treg differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Karl
- Signal Transduction, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Sommer
- Proteome Dynamics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian H Gabriel
- Signal Transduction, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Hecklau
- Signal Transduction, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Venzke
- Signal Transduction, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Floriane Hennig
- Signal Transduction, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Cell Biology, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité-University Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Selbach
- Proteome Dynamics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ria Baumgrass
- Signal Transduction, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Vaeth M, Wang YH, Eckstein M, Yang J, Silverman GJ, Lacruz RS, Kannan K, Feske S. Tissue resident and follicular Treg cell differentiation is regulated by CRAC channels. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1183. [PMID: 30862784 PMCID: PMC6414608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T regulatory (Treg) cells maintain immunological tolerance and organ homeostasis. Activated Treg cells differentiate into effector Treg subsets that acquire tissue-specific functions. Ca2+ influx via Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels formed by STIM and ORAI proteins is required for the thymic development of Treg cells, but its function in mature Treg cells remains unclear. Here we show that deletion of Stim1 and Stim2 genes in mature Treg cells abolishes Ca2+ signaling and prevents their differentiation into follicular Treg and tissue-resident Treg cells. Transcriptional profiling of STIM1/STIM2-deficient Treg cells reveals that Ca2+ signaling regulates transcription factors and signaling pathways that control the identity and effector differentiation of Treg cells. In the absence of STIM1/STIM2 in Treg cells, mice develop a broad spectrum of autoantibodies and fatal multiorgan inflammation. Our findings establish a critical role of CRAC channels in controlling lineage identity and effector functions of Treg cells. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are important for maintaining immune homeostasis. Here the authors show that STIM1 and STIM2, which activate the Ca2+ channel ORAI1, are essential for the differentiation of peripheral Treg cells into tissue-resident and follicular Treg cells and their ability to limit autoimmunity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vaeth
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Institute for Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yin-Hu Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Miriam Eckstein
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA.,Institute for Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Gregg J Silverman
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Kasthuri Kannan
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Genome Technology Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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11
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Lork M, Staal J, Beyaert R. Ubiquitination and phosphorylation of the CARD11-BCL10-MALT1 signalosome in T cells. Cell Immunol 2018; 340:103877. [PMID: 30514565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antigen receptor-induced signaling plays an important role in inflammation and immunity. Formation of a CARD11-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) signaling complex is a key event in T- and B cell receptor-induced gene expression by regulating NF-κB activation and mRNA stability. Deregulated CARD11, BCL10 or MALT1 expression or CBM signaling have been associated with immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and cancer, indicating that CBM formation and function have to be tightly regulated. Over the past years great progress has been made in deciphering the molecular mechanisms of assembly and disassembly of the CBM complex. In this context, several posttranslational modifications play an indispensable role in regulating CBM function and downstream signal transduction. In this review we summarize how the different CBM components as well as their interplay are regulated by protein ubiquitination and phosphorylation in the context of T cell receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lork
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Staal
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
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12
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Meloni L, Verstrepen L, Kreike M, Staal J, Driege Y, Afonina IS, Beyaert R. Mepazine Inhibits RANK-Induced Osteoclastogenesis Independent of Its MALT1 Inhibitory Function. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123144. [PMID: 30513612 PMCID: PMC6320945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1) is an intracellular cysteine protease (paracaspase) that plays an integral role in innate and adaptive immunity. The phenothiazine mepazine has been shown to inhibit the proteolytic activity of MALT1 and is frequently used to study its biological role. MALT1 has recently been suggested as a therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we analyzed the effect of mepazine on the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B (RANK)-induced osteoclastogenesis. The treatment of mouse bone marrow precursor cells with mepazine strongly inhibited the RANK ligand (RANKL)-induced formation of osteoclasts, as well as the expression of several osteoclast markers, such as TRAP, cathepsin K, and calcitonin. However, RANKL induced osteoclastogenesis equally well in bone marrow cells derived from wild-type and Malt1 knock-out mice. Furthermore, the protective effect of mepazine was not affected by MALT1 deficiency. Additionally, the absence of MALT1 did not affect RANK-induced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) activation. Overall, these studies demonstrate that MALT1 is not essential for RANK-induced osteoclastogenesis, and implicate a MALT1-independent mechanism of action of mepazine that should be taken into account in future studies using this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Meloni
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lynn Verstrepen
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marja Kreike
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jens Staal
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Yasmine Driege
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Inna S Afonina
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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13
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Thys A, Douanne T, Bidère N. Post-translational Modifications of the CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 Complex in Lymphocytes and Activated B-Cell Like Subtype of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2018; 8:498. [PMID: 30474008 PMCID: PMC6237847 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Piracy of the NF-κB transcription factors signaling pathway, to sustain its activity, is a mechanism often deployed in B-cell lymphoma to promote unlimited growth and survival. The aggressive activated B-cell like (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) exploits a multi-protein complex of CARMA1, BCL10, and MALT1 (CBM complex), which normally conveys NF-κB signaling upon antigen receptors engagement. Once assembled, the CBM also unleashes MALT1 protease activity to finely tune the immune response. As a result, ABC DLBCL tumors develop a profound addiction to NF-κB and to MALT1 enzyme, leaving open a breach for therapeutics. However, the pleiotropic nature of NF-κB jeopardizes the success of its targeting and urges us to develop new strategies. In this review, we discuss how post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination of the CBM components, as well as, MALT1 proteolytic activity, shape the CBM activity in lymphocytes and ABC DLBCL, and may provide new avenues to restore vulnerability in lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Thys
- Team SOAP, CRCINA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Tiphaine Douanne
- Team SOAP, CRCINA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Bidère
- Team SOAP, CRCINA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
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14
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Sompol P, Norris CM. Ca 2+, Astrocyte Activation and Calcineurin/NFAT Signaling in Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:199. [PMID: 30038565 PMCID: PMC6046440 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports a fundamental role for Ca2+ dysregulation in astrocyte activation. Though the activated astrocyte phenotype is complex, cell-type targeting approaches have revealed a number of detrimental roles of activated astrocytes involving neuroinflammation, release of synaptotoxic factors and loss of glutamate regulation. Work from our lab and others has suggested that the Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin (CN), provides a critical link between Ca2+ dysregulation and the activated astrocyte phenotype. A proteolyzed, hyperactivated form of CN appears at high levels in activated astrocytes in both human tissue and rodent tissue around regions of amyloid and vascular pathology. Similar upregulation of the CN-dependent transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT4) also appears in activated astrocytes in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (ADs) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Major consequences of hyperactivated CN/NFAT4 signaling in astrocytes are neuroinflammation, synapse dysfunction and glutamate dysregulation/excitotoxicity, which will be covered in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradoldej Sompol
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Christopher M Norris
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
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15
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Gehring T, Seeholzer T, Krappmann D. BCL10 - Bridging CARDs to Immune Activation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1539. [PMID: 30022982 PMCID: PMC6039553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 (BCL10) protein was first described in 1999, numerous studies have elucidated its key functions in channeling adaptive and innate immune signaling downstream of CARMA/caspase-recruitment domain (CARD) scaffold proteins. While T and B cell antigen receptor (TCR/BCR) signaling induces the recruitment of BCL10 bound to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)1 to the lymphocyte-specific CARMA1/CARD11–BCL10–MALT1 (CBM-1) signalosome, alternative CBM complexes utilize different CARMA/CARD scaffolds in distinct innate or inflammatory pathways. BCL10 constitutes the smallest subunit in all CBM signalosomes, containing a 233 amino acid coding for N-terminal CARD as well as a C-terminal Ser/Thr-rich region. BCL10 forms filaments, thereby aggregating into higher-order clusters that mediate and amplify stimulation-induced signals, ultimately leading to MALT1 protease activation and canonical NF-κB and JNK signaling. BCL10 additionally undergoes extensive post-translational regulation involving phosphorylation, ubiquitination, MALT1-catalyzed cleavage, and degradation. Through these feedback and feed-forward events, BCL10 integrates positive and negative regulatory processes that govern the function as well as the dynamic assembly, disassembly, and destruction of CBM complexes. Thus, BCL10 is a critical regulator for activation as well as termination of immune cell signaling, revealing that its role extends far beyond that of a mere linking factor in CBM complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Gehring
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Seeholzer
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Krappmann
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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16
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Baur J, Otto C, Steger U, Klein-Hessling S, Muhammad K, Pusch T, Murti K, Wismer R, Germer CT, Klein I, Müller N, Serfling E, Avots A. The Transcription Factor NFATc1 Supports the Rejection of Heterotopic Heart Allografts. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1338. [PMID: 29946322 PMCID: PMC6005848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune suppressants cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) are used worldwide in transplantation medicine to suppress graft rejection. Both CsA and FK506 inhibit the phosphatase calcineurin (CN) whose activity controls the immune receptor-mediated activation of lymphocytes. Downstream targets of CN in lymphocytes are the nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFATs). We show here that the activity of NFATc1, the most prominent NFAT factor in activated lymphocytes supports the acute rejection of heterotopic heart allografts. While ablation of NFATc1 in T cells prevented graft rejection, ectopic expression of inducible NFATc1/αA isoform led to rejection of heart allografts in recipient mice. Acceptance of transplanted hearts in mice bearing NFATc1-deficient T cells was accompanied by a reduction in number and cytotoxicity of graft infiltrating cells. In CD8+ T cells, NFATc1 controls numerous intracellular signaling pathways that lead to the metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis and the expression of numerous lymphokines, chemokines, and their receptors, including Cxcr3 that supports the rejection of allogeneic heart transplants. These findings favors NFATc1 as a molecular target for the development of new strategies to control the cytotoxicity of T cells upon organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Baur
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Otto
- Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Steger
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Klein-Hessling
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Pusch
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krisna Murti
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rhoda Wismer
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph-Thomas Germer
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Klein
- Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nora Müller
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Edgar Serfling
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andris Avots
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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17
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Pang Z, Junkins RD, Raudonis R, MacNeil AJ, McCormick C, Cheng Z, Lin TJ. Regulator of calcineurin 1 differentially regulates TLR-dependent MyD88 and TRIF signaling pathways. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197491. [PMID: 29799862 PMCID: PMC5969770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize the conserved molecular patterns in microorganisms and trigger myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) and/or TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) pathways that are critical for host defense against microbial infection. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern TLR signaling remain incompletely understood. Regulator of calcineurin-1 (RCAN1), a small evolutionarily conserved protein that inhibits calcineurin phosphatase activity, suppresses inflammation during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Here, we define the roles for RCAN1 in P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated TLR4 signaling. We compared the effects of P. aeruginosa LPS challenge on bone marrow-derived macrophages from both wild-type and RCAN1-deficient mice and found that RCAN1 deficiency increased the MyD88-NF-κB-mediated cytokine production (IL-6, TNF and MIP-2), whereas TRIF-interferon-stimulated response elements (ISRE)-mediated cytokine production (IFNβ, RANTES and IP-10) was suppressed. RCAN1 deficiency caused increased IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB activity in the MyD88-dependent pathway, but impaired ISRE activation and reduced IRF7 expression in the TRIF-dependent pathway. Complementary studies of a mouse model of P. aeruginosa LPS-induced acute pneumonia confirmed that RCAN1-deficient mice displayed greatly enhanced NF-κB activity and MyD88-NF-κB-mediated cytokine production, which correlated with enhanced pulmonary infiltration of neutrophils. By contrast, RCAN1 deficiency had little effect on the TRIF pathway in vivo. These findings demonstrate a novel regulatory role of RCAN1 in TLR signaling, which differentially regulates MyD88 and TRIF pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Pang
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robert D. Junkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Renee Raudonis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Adam J. MacNeil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Craig McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tong-Jun Lin
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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18
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Karim ZA, Hensch NR, Qasim H, Alshbool FZ, Khasawneh FT. Role of IκB kinase β in regulating the remodeling of the CARMA1-Bcl10-MALT1 complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:268-274. [PMID: 29649481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The current work investigates the notion that inducible clustering of signaling mediators of the IKK pathway is important for platelet activation. Thus, while the CARMA1, Bcl10, and MALT1 (CBM) complex is essential for triggering IKK/NF-κB activation upon platelet stimulation, the signals that elicit its formation and downstream effector activation remain elusive. We demonstrate herein that IKKβ is involved in membrane fusion, and serves as a critical protein kinase required for initial formation and the regulation of the CARMA1/MALT1/Bcl10/CBM complex in platelets. We also show that IKKβ regulates these processes via modulation of phosphorylation of Bcl10 and IKKγ polyubiquitination. Collectively, our data demonstrate that IKKβ regulates membrane fusion and the remodeling of the CBM complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair A Karim
- 1101 N. Campbell St, Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
| | - Nicole R Hensch
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Hanan Qasim
- 1101 N. Campbell St, Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Fatima Z Alshbool
- 1101 N. Campbell St, Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Fadi T Khasawneh
- 1101 N. Campbell St, Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
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19
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Vaeth M, Maus M, Klein-Hessling S, Freinkman E, Yang J, Eckstein M, Cameron S, Turvey SE, Serfling E, Berberich-Siebelt F, Possemato R, Feske S. Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry Controls Clonal Expansion of T Cells through Metabolic Reprogramming. Immunity 2017; 47:664-679.e6. [PMID: 29030115 PMCID: PMC5683398 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is the main Ca2+ influx pathway in lymphocytes and is essential for T cell function and adaptive immunity. SOCE is mediated by Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels that are activated by stromal interaction molecule (STIM) 1 and STIM2. SOCE regulates many Ca2+-dependent signaling molecules, including calcineurin, and inhibition of SOCE or calcineurin impairs antigen-dependent T cell proliferation. We here report that SOCE and calcineurin regulate cell cycle entry of quiescent T cells by controlling glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. SOCE directs the metabolic reprogramming of naive T cells by regulating the expression of glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, and metabolic regulators through the activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and the PI3K-AKT kinase-mTOR nutrient-sensing pathway. We propose that SOCE controls a critical "metabolic checkpoint" at which T cells assess adequate nutrient supply to support clonal expansion and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vaeth
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mate Maus
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stefan Klein-Hessling
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Miriam Eckstein
- New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Scott Cameron
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Edgar Serfling
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Richard Possemato
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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20
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Meininger I, Krappmann D. Lymphocyte signaling and activation by the CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 signalosome. Biol Chem 2017; 397:1315-1333. [PMID: 27420898 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) signalosome triggers canonical NF-κB signaling and lymphocyte activation upon antigen-receptor stimulation. Genetic studies in mice and the analysis of human immune pathologies unveiled a critical role of the CBM complex in adaptive immune responses. Great progress has been made in elucidating the fundamental mechanisms that dictate CBM assembly and disassembly. By bridging proximal antigen-receptor signaling to downstream signaling pathways, the CBM complex exerts a crucial scaffolding function. Moreover, the MALT1 subunit confers a unique proteolytic activity that is key for lymphocyte activation. Deregulated 'chronic' CBM signaling drives constitutive NF-κB signaling and MALT1 activation, which contribute to the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases as well as lymphomagenesis. Thus, the processes that govern CBM activation and function are promising targets for the treatment of immune disorders. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the functions and mechanisms of CBM signaling in lymphocytes and how CBM deregulations contribute to aberrant signaling in malignant lymphomas.
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21
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Poplutz M, Levikova M, Lüscher-Firzlaff J, Lesina M, Algül H, Lüscher B, Huber M. Endotoxin tolerance in mast cells, its consequences for IgE-mediated signalling, and the effects of BCL3 deficiency. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4534. [PMID: 28674400 PMCID: PMC5495797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin) not only causes rapid production of proinflammatory cytokines, but also induces a state of LPS hypo-responsiveness to a second LPS stimulation (endotoxin tolerance (ET)). Murine bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs) and peritoneal MCs (PMCs) developed ET as shown by an abrogated production of Il6/Tnf RNAs and IL-6/TNF-α proteins. In naive BMMCs, LPS stimulation induced a transient decline in the trimethylation of lysine 9 of the core histone H3 (H3K9me3), a suppressive chromatin mark, at the Il6/Tnf promoters, which correlated with p50(NFκB) and p65(NFκB) binding. Both demethylation and NFκB binding were abrogated in tolerant cells. In addition, cytosolic NFκB activation was suppressed in tolerant BMMCs. Intriguingly, antigen stimulation of naive and tolerant MCs induced comparable production of Il6/Tnf and IL-6/TNF-α, although ET also affected antigen-triggered activation of NFκB; pharmacological analysis indicated the importance of Ca2+-dependent transcription in this respect. In macrophages, the IκB member BCL3 is induced by LPS and known to be involved in ET, which was not corroborated comparing wild-type and Bcl3-deficient BMMCs. Interestingly, Bcl3-deficient PMCs produce markedly increased amounts of IL-6/TNF-α after LPS stimulation. Collectively, ET in MCs is BCL3-independent, however, in PMCs, BCL3 negatively regulates immediate LPS-induced cytokine production and quantitatively affects ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Poplutz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maryna Levikova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Lüscher-Firzlaff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marina Lesina
- Molecular Gastroenterology, Medical Clinic II, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- Molecular Gastroenterology, Medical Clinic II, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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22
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Li Z, Ni C, Xia C, Jaw J, Wang Y, Cao Y, Xu M, Guo X. Calcineurin/nuclear factor-κB signaling mediates isoflurane-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation and subsequent cognitive impairment in aged rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:201-209. [PMID: 27909728 PMCID: PMC5355741 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that inhaled anesthetics induce neuroinflammation and facilitate postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in aged individuals; however, the mechanisms by which they mediate these effects remain elusive. Inhalation of the isoflurane anesthetic leads to opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Therefore, mitochondrial retrograde signaling, which is an adaptive mechanism that facilitates the transmission of signals from dysfunctional mitochondria to the nucleus to activate target gene expression, may be activated during isoflurane inhalation. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the role of mitochondrial retrograde signaling in isoflurane-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in aged rats. As calcineurin (CaN) serves an important role in the initiation of mitochondrial retrograde signaling, and nuclear factor-κB (NF‑κB) is involved in CaN signaling, their effects on isoflurane‑induced hippocampal neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment were investigated. Reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential fluorescence staining, western blotting, colorimetric analysis, ELISA, immunofluorescence and the Morris water maze test were used in the present study. The results indicate that isoflurane induced hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction and activated CaN, which subsequently lead to the putative activation of NF‑κB. These resulted in the elevation of interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β) expression (a typical marker of neuroinflammation), and was associated with cognitive impairment in aged rats. In addition, CaN and NF‑κB inhibition attenuated isoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and subsequent cognitive impairment. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate the role of mitochondrial retrograde signaling and associated protein factors in inhaled anesthetic-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. These protein factors may therefore present promising therapeutic targets for the prevention of POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Chun Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Joey Jaw
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yiyun Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Mao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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23
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Gabriel CH, Gross F, Karl M, Stephanowitz H, Hennig AF, Weber M, Gryzik S, Bachmann I, Hecklau K, Wienands J, Schuchhardt J, Herzel H, Radbruch A, Krause E, Baumgrass R. Identification of Novel Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cell (NFAT)-associated Proteins in T Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:24172-24187. [PMID: 27637333 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.739326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors of the nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) family are essential for antigen-specific T cell activation and differentiation. Their cooperative DNA binding with other transcription factors, such as AP1 proteins (FOS, JUN, and JUNB), FOXP3, IRFs, and EGR1, dictates the gene regulatory action of NFATs. To identify as yet unknown interaction partners of NFAT, we purified biotin-tagged NFATc1/αA, NFATc1/βC, and NFATc2/C protein complexes and analyzed their components by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture-based mass spectrometry. We revealed more than 170 NFAT-associated proteins, half of which are involved in transcriptional regulation. Among them are many hitherto unknown interaction partners of NFATc1 and NFATc2 in T cells, such as Raptor, CHEK1, CREB1, RUNX1, SATB1, Ikaros, and Helios. The association of NFATc2 with several other transcription factors is DNA-dependent, indicating cooperative DNA binding. Moreover, our computational analysis discovered that binding motifs for RUNX and CREB1 are found preferentially in the direct vicinity of NFAT-binding motifs and in a distinct orientation to them. Furthermore, we provide evidence that mTOR and CHEK1 kinase activity influence NFAT's transcriptional potency. Finally, our dataset of NFAT-associated proteins provides a good basis to further study NFAT's diverse functions and how these are modulated due to the interplay of multiple interaction partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian H Gabriel
- From the German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin
| | - Fridolin Gross
- the Institute for Theoretical Biology, Charité and Humboldt University Berlin, 10015 Berlin
| | - Martin Karl
- From the German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin
| | | | - Anna Floriane Hennig
- From the German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin
| | - Melanie Weber
- From the German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin
| | - Stefanie Gryzik
- From the German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin
| | | | - Katharina Hecklau
- From the German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin
| | - Jürgen Wienands
- the Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Hanspeter Herzel
- the Institute for Theoretical Biology, Charité and Humboldt University Berlin, 10015 Berlin
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- From the German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin
| | - Eberhard Krause
- the Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin
| | - Ria Baumgrass
- From the German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin,
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24
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Nunes de Miranda SM, Wilhelm T, Huber M, Zorn CN. Differential Lyn-dependence of the SHIP1-deficient mast cell phenotype. Cell Commun Signal 2016; 14:12. [PMID: 27206658 PMCID: PMC4874025 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antigen (Ag)/IgE-mediated mast cell (MC) responses play detrimental roles in allergic diseases. MC activation via the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) is controlled by the Src family kinase Lyn. Lyn-deficient (-/-) bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs) have been shown by various laboratories to exert stronger activation of the PI3K pathway, degranulation, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to wild-type (wt) cells. This mimics the phenotype of BMMCs deficient for the SH2-containing inositol-5’-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1). In this line, Lyn has been demonstrated to tyrosine-phosphorylate and activate SHIP1, thereby constituting a negative feedback control of PI3K-mediated signals. However, several groups have also reported on Lyn-/- BMMCs degranulating weaker than wt BMMCs. Results Lyn-/- BMMCs, which show a suppressed degranulation response, were found to exhibit abrogated tyrosine phosphorylation of SHIP1 as well. This indicated that even in the presence of reduced SHIP1 function MC degranulation is dependent on Lyn function. In contrast to the reduced immediate secretory response, pro-inflammatory cytokine production was augmented in Lyn-/- BMMCs. For closer analysis, Lyn/SHIP1-double-deficient (dko) BMMCs were generated. In support of the dominance of Lyn deficiency, dko BMMCs degranulated significantly weaker than SHIP1-/- BMMCs. This coincided with reduced LAT1 and PLC-γ1 phosphorylation as well as Ca2+ mobilization in those cells. Interestingly, activation of the NFκB pathway followed the same pattern as measured by IκBα phosphorylation/degradation as well as induction of NFκB target genes. This suggested that Ag-triggered NFκB activation involves a Ca2+-dependent step. Indeed, IκBα phosphorylation/degradation and NFκB target gene induction were controlled by the Ca2+-dependent phosphatase calcineurin. Conclusions Lyn deficiency is dominant over SHIP1 deficiency in MCs with respect to Ag-triggered degranulation and preceding signaling events. Moreover, the NFκB pathway and respective targets are activated in a Lyn- and Ca2+-dependent manner, reinforcing the importance of Lyn for MC activation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12964-016-0135-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana M Nunes de Miranda
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, University Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Thomas Wilhelm
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, University Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, University Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
| | - Carolin N Zorn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, University Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany
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25
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Liu X, Berry CT, Ruthel G, Madara JJ, MacGillivray K, Gray CM, Madge LA, McCorkell KA, Beiting DP, Hershberg U, May MJ, Freedman BD. T Cell Receptor-induced Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB) Signaling and Transcriptional Activation Are Regulated by STIM1- and Orai1-mediated Calcium Entry. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8440-52. [PMID: 26826124 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.713008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell activation following antigen binding to the T cell receptor (TCR) involves the mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) to activate the key transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T lymphocytes (NFAT) and NF-κB. The mechanism of NFAT activation by Ca(2+) has been determined. However, the role of Ca(2+) in controlling NF-κB signaling is poorly understood, and the source of Ca(2+) required for NF-κB activation is unknown. We demonstrate that TCR- but not TNF-induced NF-κB signaling upstream of IκB kinase activation absolutely requires the influx of extracellular Ca(2+) via STIM1-dependent Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+)/Orai channels. We further show that Ca(2+) influx controls phosphorylation of the NF-κB protein p65 on Ser-536 and that this posttranslational modification controls its nuclear localization and transcriptional activation. Notably, our data reveal that this role for Ca(2+) is entirely separate from its upstream control of IκBα degradation, thereby identifying a novel Ca(2+)-dependent distal step in TCR-induced NF-κB activation. Finally, we demonstrate that this control of distal signaling occurs via Ca(2+)-dependent PKCα-mediated phosphorylation of p65. Thus, we establish the source of Ca(2+) required for TCR-induced NF-κB activation and define a new distal Ca(2+)-dependent checkpoint in TCR-induced NF-κB signaling that has broad implications for the control of immune cell development and T cell functional specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corbett T Berry
- From the Departments of Pathobiology and the School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | | | | | | | - Carolyn M Gray
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Lisa A Madge
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Kelly A McCorkell
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | | | - Uri Hershberg
- the School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Michael J May
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
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26
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Busch R, Murti K, Liu J, Patra AK, Muhammad K, Knobeloch KP, Lichtinger M, Bonifer C, Wörtge S, Waisman A, Reifenberg K, Ellenrieder V, Serfling E, Avots A. NFATc1 releases BCL6-dependent repression of CCR2 agonist expression in peritoneal macrophages from Saccharomyces cerevisiae infected mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:634-46. [PMID: 26631626 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The link between the extensive usage of calcineurin (CN) inhibitors cyclosporin A and tacrolimus (FK506) in transplantation medicine and the increasing rate of opportunistic infections within this segment of patients is alarming. Currently, how peritoneal infections are favored by these drugs, which impair the activity of several signaling pathways including the Ca(++) /CN/NFAT, Ca(++) /CN/cofilin, Ca(++) /CN/BAD, and NF-κB networks, is unknown. Here, we show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae infection of peritoneal resident macrophages triggers the transient nuclear translocation of NFATc1β isoforms, resulting in a coordinated, CN-dependent induction of the Ccl2, Ccl7, and Ccl12 genes, all encoding CCR2 agonists. CN inhibitors block the CCR2-dependent recruitment of inflammatory monocytes (IM) to the peritoneal cavities of S. cerevisiae infected mice. In myeloid cells, NFATc1/β proteins represent the most prominent NFATc1 isoforms. NFATc1/β ablation leads to a decrease of CCR2 chemokines, impaired mobilization of IMs, and delayed clearance of infection. We show that, upon binding to a composite NFAT/BCL6 regulatory element within the Ccl2 promoter, NFATc1/β proteins release the BCL6-dependent repression of Ccl2 gene in macrophages. These findings suggest a novel CN-dependent cross-talk between NFAT and BCL6 transcription factors, which may affect the outcome of opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhoda Busch
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Krisna Murti
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jiming Liu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Amiya K Patra
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Monika Lichtinger
- School of Cancer Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- School of Cancer Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simone Wörtge
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Edgar Serfling
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andris Avots
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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27
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DNA damage-induced apoptosis suppressor (DDIAS), a novel target of NFATc1, is associated with cisplatin resistance in lung cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:40-9. [PMID: 26493727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, we reported that DNA damage induced apoptosis suppressor (DDIAS; hNoxin), a human homolog of mouse Noxin, functions as an anti-apoptotic protein in response to DNA repair. Here we reveal that DDIAS is a target gene of nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFATc1) and is associated with cisplatin resistance in lung cancer cells. In the DDIAS promoter analysis, we found that NFATc1 activated the transcription of DDIAS through binding to NFAT consensus sequences in the DDIAS promoter. In addition, tissue array immunostaining revealed a correlation between DDIAS and NFATc1 expression in human lung tumors. NFATc1 knockdown or treatment with the NFAT inhibitor cyclosporine A induced apoptosis and led to growth inhibition of lung cancer cells, indicating the functional relevance of both the proteins. In contrast, DDIAS overexpression overcame this NFATc1 knockdown-induced growth inhibition, supporting the cancer-specific role of DDIAS as a target gene of NFATc1. NFATc1 or DDIAS inhibition clearly enhanced apoptosis induced by cisplatin in NCI-H1703 and A549 cells. Conversely, DDIAS overexpression rescued NCI-H1703 cells from cisplatin-mediated cell death and caspase-3/7 activation. These results suggest that NFATc1-induced DDIAS expression contributes to cisplatin resistance, and targeting DDIAS or NFATc1 impairs the mechanism regulating cisplatin resistance in lung cancer cells. Taken together, DDIAS is a target of NFATc1 and is associated with cisplatin resistance in lung cancer cells.
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28
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Kilzheimer M, Quandt J, Langhans J, Weihrich P, Wirth T, Brunner C. NF-κB-dependent signals control BOB.1/OBF.1 and Oct2 transcriptional activity in B cells. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:3441-53. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmin Quandt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
| | - Julia Langhans
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
| | - Petra Weihrich
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
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29
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Disease relevance of T11TS-induced T-cell signal transduction through the CD2-mediated calcineurin-NFAT pathway: Perspectives in glioma immunotherapy. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:256-64. [PMID: 26105805 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Malignant glioma is the most lethal of a wide array of CNS neoplasms. Its onset and progression are markedly associated with profound immunosupression and paralysis of T-cell survival and proliferation. Myriad immunotherapeutic strategies are presently used to target such T-cell anomalies in glioma. Our recent work has highlighted use of the novel glycopeptide, the CD2 ligand, T11 target structure (T11TS) as an immunotherapeutic agent against experimentally induced glioma in rats. We have shown that T11TS causes multi-target modulation of key components of the T-cell - antigen presenting cell (APC) immunological synapse. This consequently triggers T-cell activation so as to reverse glioma-induced changes to physiological levels. T11TS administration also causes CD2 upregulation. Earlier we also found T11TS to cause enhanced proliferation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in glioma conditions. These findings led us to believe that downstream CD2-stimulated "alternative pathway" of calcineurin-NFAT could be a possible target for modulation by T11TS. In the present paper we thus show that immunotherapy with T11TS induces a multi-targeted approach towards activation of this "alternative pathway" of T-cell signaling providing an immunotherapeutic advantage against glioma. We show here that T11TS immunotherapy causes positive modulations of the CD2 pathway-associated proteins, viz., p59fyn, protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ), calcineurin and nuclear factor for activation of T-cells (NFAT) and hint that this may accord greater survival and proliferation advantage to T-cells of the glioma-bearing animals for augmented defence against glioma. These findings help open a molecular immunotherapeutic door - one which is directed towards clinical studies for glioma-immunotherapy using T11TS.
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30
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Shinzawa M, Konno H, Qin J, Akiyama N, Miyauchi M, Ohashi H, Miyamoto-Sato E, Yanagawa H, Akiyama T, Inoue JI. Catalytic subunits of the phosphatase calcineurin interact with NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) and attenuate NIK-dependent gene expression. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10758. [PMID: 26029823 PMCID: PMC5377069 DOI: 10.1038/srep10758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor (NF)-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) is a serine/threonine kinase that activates NF-κB pathways, thereby regulating a wide variety of immune systems. Aberrant NIK activation causes tumor malignancy, suggesting a requirement for precise regulation of NIK activity. To explore novel interacting proteins of NIK, we performed in vitro virus screening and identified the catalytic subunit Aα isoform of serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin (CnAα) as a novel NIK-interacting protein. The interaction of NIK with CnAα in living cells was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Calcineurin catalytic subunit Aβ isoform (CnAβ) also bound to NIK. Experiments using domain deletion mutants suggested that CnAα and CnAβ interact with both the kinase domain and C-terminal region of NIK. Moreover, the phosphatase domain of CnAα is responsible for the interaction with NIK. Intriguingly, we found that TRAF3, a critical regulator of NIK activity, also binds to CnAα and CnAβ. Depletion of CnAα and CnAβ significantly enhanced lymphotoxin-β receptor (LtβR)-mediated expression of the NIK-dependent gene Spi-B and activation of RelA and RelB, suggesting that CnAα and CnAβ attenuate NF-κB activation mediated by LtβR-NIK signaling. Overall, these findings suggest a possible role of CnAα and CnAβ in modifying NIK functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Shinzawa
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Konno
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junwen Qin
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education and International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nobuko Akiyama
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Miyauchi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohashi
- Division of Interactome Medical Sciences, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Miyamoto-Sato
- Division of Interactome Medical Sciences, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yanagawa
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taishin Akiyama
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Inoue
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Köck J, Kreher S, Lehmann K, Riedel R, Bardua M, Lischke T, Jargosch M, Haftmann C, Bendfeldt H, Hatam F, Mashreghi MF, Baumgrass R, Radbruch A, Chang HD. Nuclear factor of activated T cells regulates the expression of interleukin-4 in Th2 cells in an all-or-none fashion. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26752-26761. [PMID: 25037220 PMCID: PMC4175318 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.587865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Th2 memory lymphocytes have imprinted their Il4 genes epigenetically for expression in dependence of T cell receptor restimulation. However, in a given restimulation, not all Th cells with a memory for IL-4 expression express IL-4. Here, we show that in reactivated Th2 cells, the transcription factors NFATc2, NF-kB p65, c-Maf, p300, Brg1, STAT6, and GATA-3 assemble at the Il4 promoter in Th2 cells expressing IL-4 but not in Th2 cells not expressing it. NFATc2 is critical for assembly of this transcription factor complex. Because NFATc2 translocation into the nucleus occurs in an all-or-none fashion, dependent on complete dephosphorylation by calcineurin, NFATc2 controls the frequencies of cells reexpressing Il4, translates analog differences in T cell receptor stimulation into a digital decision for Il4 reexpression, and instructs all reexpressing cells to express the same amount of IL-4. This analog-to-digital conversion may be critical for the immune system to respond to low concentrations of antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Köck
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Kreher
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Lehmann
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - René Riedel
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Bardua
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Lischke
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manja Jargosch
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Haftmann
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna Bendfeldt
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Farahnaz Hatam
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ria Baumgrass
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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32
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Ziegler S, Gartner K, Scheuermann U, Zoeller T, Hantzschmann J, Over B, Foermer S, Heeg K, Bekeredjian-Ding I. Ca(2+) -related signaling events influence TLR9-induced IL-10 secretion in human B cells. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1285-98. [PMID: 24470136 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Suppressory B-cell function controls immune responses and is mainly dependent on IL-10 secretion. Pharmacological manipulation of B-cell-specific IL-10 synthesis could, thus, be therapeutically useful in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, transplantation, autoimmunity and sepsis. TLR are thought to play a protagonistic role in the formation of IL-10-secreting B cells. The aim of the study was to identify the molecular events selectively driving IL-10 production in TLR9-stimulated human B cells. Our data highlight the selectivity of calcineurin inhibitors in blocking TLR9-induced B-cell-derived IL-10 transcription and secretion, while IL-6 transcription and release, B-cell proliferation, and differentiation remain unaffected. Nevertheless, TLR9-induced IL-10 production was found to be independent of calcineurin phosphatase activity and was even negatively regulated by NFAT. In contrast to TLR9-induced IL-6, IL-10 secretion was highly sensitive to targeting of spleen tyrosine kinase (syk) and Bruton's tyrosine kinase. Further analyses demonstrated increased phosphorylation of Ca(2+) /calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) in TLR9-stimulated B cells and selective reduction of TLR9-induced secretion of IL-10 upon treatment with CaMKII inhibitors, with negligible impact on IL-6 levels. Altogether, our results identify calcineurin antagonists as selective inhibitors of IL-10 transcription and syk/Bruton´s tyrosine kinase-induced Ca(2+) /calmodulin- and CaMKII-dependent signaling as a pathway regulating the release of TLR9-induced B-cell-derived IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Ziegler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Enhancement of Flow-Induced AP-1 Gene Expression by Cyclosporin A Requires NFAT-Independent Signaling in Bone Cells. Cell Mol Bioeng 2014; 7:254-265. [PMID: 25484988 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-014-0321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that aging compromises the ability of the skeleton to respond to anabolic mechanical stimuli. Recently, we reported that treating senescent mice with Cyclosporin A (CsA) rescued aging-related deficits in loading-induced bone formation. Given that the actions of CsA are often attributed to inhibition of the calcineurin/NFAT axis, we hypothesized that CsA enhances gene expression in bone cells exposed to fluid flow, by inhibiting nuclear NFATc1 accumulation. When exposed to flow, MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells exhibited rapid nuclear accumulation of NFATc1 that was abolished by CsA treatment. Under differentiation conditions, intermittent CsA treatment enhanced gene expression of late osteoblastic differentiation markers and activator protein 1 (AP-1) family members. Superimposing flow upon CsA further enhanced expression of the AP-1 members Fra-1 and c-Jun. To delineate the contribution of NFAT in this response, cells were treated with VIVIT, a specific inhibitor of the calcineurin/NFAT interaction. Treatment with VIVIT blocked flow-induced nuclear NFATc1 accumulation but did not recapitulate the CsA-mediated enhancement of flow-induced AP-1 component gene expression. Taken together, our study is the first to demonstrate that CsA enhances mechanically-induced gene expression of AP-1 components in bone cells, and suggests that this response requires calcineurin-dependent mechanisms that are independent of inhibiting NFATc1 nuclear accumulation.
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34
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Abstract
Caspase recruitment domain-containing membrane-associated guanylate kinase protein-1 (CARMA1), a member of the membrane associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family of kinases, is essential for T lymphocyte activation and proliferation via T-cell receptor (TCR) mediated NF-κB activation. Recent studies suggest a broader role for CARMA1 regulating other T-cell functions as well as a role in non-TCR-mediated signaling pathways important for lymphocyte development and functions. In addition, CARMA1 has been shown to be an important component in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Thus, comprehensively defining its mechanisms of action and regulation could reveal novel therapeutic targets for T-cell-mediated diseases and lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marly I Roche
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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35
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Rahimian R, Fakhfouri G, Ejtemaei Mehr S, Ghia JE, Genazzani AA, Payandemehr B, Dehpour AR, Mousavizadeh K, Lim D. Tropisetron attenuates amyloid-beta-induced inflammatory and apoptotic responses in rats. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:1039-51. [PMID: 23937291 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder featured by deposition of beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques in the hippocampus and associated cortices and progressive cognitive decline. Tropisetron, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, is conventionally used to counteract chemotherapy-induced emesis. Recent investigations describe antiphlogistic properties for tropisetron. It has been shown that tropisetron protects against rat embolic stroke. We investigated protective properties of tropisetron in a beta-amyloid (Aβ) rat model of AD and possible involvement of 5-HT3 receptors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Aβ (1-42) was injected into the hippocampus of male rats. Animals were treated intracerebroventricularly with tropisetron, mCPBG (selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist) or mCPBG plus tropisetron on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. Seven days following Aβ administration, inflammatory markers (TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS and NF-κB), apoptotic markers (caspase 3 cytochrome c release) and calcineurin phosphatase activity were assessed in hippocampus. RESULTS Seven days following Aβ inoculation, control animals displayed dramatic increase in TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, NF-κB, active caspase 3, cytochrome c release and calcineurin phosphatase activity in the hippocampus. Tropisetron significantly diminished the elevated levels of these markers and reversed the cognitive deficit. Interestingly, tropisetron was also found to be a potent inhibitor of calcineurin phosphatase activity. The selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist mCPBG, when co-administered with tropisetron, completely reversed the procognitive and anti-apoptotic properties of tropisetron while it could only partially counteract the anti-inflammatory effects. mCPBG alone significantly aggravated Aβ-induced injury. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that tropisetron protects against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in vivo through both 5-HT3 receptor-dependent and independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rahimian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Injury Repair Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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36
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Daniel C, Gerlach K, Väth M, Neurath MF, Weigmann B. Nuclear factor of activated T cells - a transcription factor family as critical regulator in lung and colon cancer. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1767-75. [PMID: 23775822 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) was first identified as a transcription factor which is activated upon T cell stimulation. Subsequent studies uncovered that a whole family of individual NFAT proteins exists with pleiotropic functions not only in immune but also in nonimmune cells. However, dysregulation of NFAT thereby favors malignant growth and cancer. Summarizing the recent advances in understanding how individual NFAT factors regulate the immune system, this review gives new insights into the critical role of NFAT in cancer development with special focus on inflammation-associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Daniel
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen,German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
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37
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Muili KA, Jin S, Orabi AI, Eisses JF, Javed TA, Le T, Bottino R, Jayaraman T, Husain SZ. Pancreatic acinar cell nuclear factor κB activation because of bile acid exposure is dependent on calcineurin. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:21065-21073. [PMID: 23744075 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.471425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary pancreatitis is the most common etiology of acute pancreatitis, accounting for 30-60% of cases. A dominant theory for the development of biliary pancreatitis is the reflux of bile into the pancreatic duct and subsequent exposure to pancreatic acinar cells. Bile acids are known to induce aberrant Ca(2+) signals in acinar cells as well as nuclear translocation of NF-κB. In this study, we examined the role of the downstream Ca(2+) target calcineurin on NF-κB translocation. Freshly isolated mouse acinar cells were infected for 24 h with an adenovirus expressing an NF-κB luciferase reporter. The bile acid taurolithocholic acid-3-sulfate caused NF-κB activation at concentrations (500 μm) that were associated with cell injury. We show that the NF-κB inhibitor Bay 11-7082 (1 μm) blocked translocation and injury. Pretreatment with the Ca(2+) chelator 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, the calcineurin inhibitors FK506 and cyclosporine A, or use of acinar cells from calcineurin Aβ-deficient mice each led to reduced NF-κB activation with taurolithocholic acid-3-sulfate. Importantly, these manipulations did not affect LPS-induced NF-κB activation. A critical upstream regulator of NF-κB activation is protein kinase C, which translocates to the membranes of various organelles in the active state. We demonstrate that pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of calcineurin blocks translocation of the PKC-δ isoform. In summary, bile-induced NF-κB activation and acinar cell injury are mediated by calcineurin, and a mechanism for this important early inflammatory response appears to be upstream at the level of PKC translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rita Bottino
- Internal Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Thotalla Jayaraman
- Internal Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
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Lim D, Iyer A, Ronco V, Grolla AA, Canonico PL, Aronica E, Genazzani AA. Amyloid beta deregulates astroglial mGluR5-mediated calcium signaling via calcineurin and Nf-kB. Glia 2013; 61:1134-45. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro,”; Novara; Italy
| | - Anand Iyer
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Virginia Ronco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro,”; Novara; Italy
| | - Ambra A. Grolla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro,”; Novara; Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Canonico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro,”; Novara; Italy
| | | | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro,”; Novara; Italy
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Vafadari R, Kraaijeveld R, Weimar W, Baan CC. Tacrolimus inhibits NF-κB activation in peripheral human T cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60784. [PMID: 23573283 PMCID: PMC3613409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcineurin inhibitor, tacrolimus (TAC), inhibits the protein phosphatase activity of calcineurin, leading to suppression of the nuclear translocation of NFAT and inhibition of T cell activation. Apart from NFAT also the transcription factor NF-κB plays a key functional role in T cell activation. Therefore, blockade of the NF-κB activation cascade by immunosuppressive drugs prevents immune activation. Here we studied whether TAC blocks NF-κB activation in peripheral human T cells. After anti-CD3/CD28-activation of T cells from healthy volunteers, NF-κB (p65) phosphorylation was measured by flow cytometry in CD3+ T cells, CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in the absence and presence of TAC 10 ng/mL, sotrastaurin 500 nM (positive control) and mycophenolic acid 10 µg/mL (negative control; n = 6). NF-κB transcriptional activity was measured by ELISA and intracellular TNFα protein, a downstream target, was measured by flow cytometry to assess the functional consequences of NF-κB blockade. Anti-CD3/28-activation induced NF-κB phosphorylation in CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells by 34% (mean), 38% and 30% resp. (p<0.01). Sotrastaurin inhibited NF-κB activation in the respective T cell subsets by 93%, 95% and 86% (p<0.01 vs. no drug), while mycophenolic acid did not affect this activation pathway. Surprisingly, TAC also inhibited NF-κB phosphorylation, by 55% (p<0.01) in CD3+ T cells, by 56% (p<0.01) in CD4+ T cells and by 51% in CD8+ T cells (p<0.01). In addition, TAC suppressed NF-κB DNA binding capacity by 55% (p<0.05) in CD3+ T cells and TNFα protein expression was inhibited in CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells by 76%, 71% and 93% resp. (p<0.01 vs. no drug), confirming impaired NF-κB signaling. This study shows the suppressive effect of TAC on NF-κB signaling in peripheral human T cell subsets, measured at three specific positions in the NF-κB activation cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Vafadari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rens Kraaijeveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Weimar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla C. Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Paul S, Schaefer BC. A new look at T cell receptor signaling to nuclear factor-κB. Trends Immunol 2013; 34:269-81. [PMID: 23474202 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antigen stimulation of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling to nuclear factor (NF)-κB is required for T cell proliferation and differentiation of effector cells. The TCR-to-NF-κB pathway is generally viewed as a linear sequence of events in which TCR engagement triggers a cytoplasmic cascade of protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications, ultimately culminating in the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. However, recent findings suggest a more complex picture in which distinct signalosomes, previously unrecognized proteins, and newly identified regulatory mechanisms play key roles in signal transmission. In this review, we evaluate recent data and suggest areas of future emphasis in the study of this important pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Paul
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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41
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Lemaître PH, Vokaer B, Charbonnier LM, Iwakura Y, Field KA, Estenne M, Goldman M, Leo O, Remmelink M, Le Moine A. Cyclosporine A drives a Th17- and Th2-mediated posttransplant obliterative airway disease. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:611-20. [PMID: 23331973 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin-inhibitor refractory bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) represents the leading cause of late graft failure after lung transplantation. T helper (Th)2 and Th17 lymphocytes have been associated with BO development. Taking advantage of a fully allogeneic trachea transplantation model in mice, we addressed the pathogenicity of Th cells in obliterative airway disease (OAD) occurring in cyclosporine A (CsA)-treated recipients. We found that CsA prevented CD8(+) T cell infiltration into the graft and downregulated the Th1 response but affected neither Th2 nor Th17 responses in vivo. In secondary mixed lymphocyte cultures, CsA dramatically decreased donor-specific IFN-γ production, enhanced IL-17 production and did not affect IL-13. As CD4(+) depletion efficiently prevented OAD in CsA-treated recipients, we further explored the role of Th2 and Th17 immunity in vivo. Although IL-4 and IL-17 deficient untreated mice developed an OAD comparable to wild-type recipients, a single cytokine deficiency afforded significant protection in CsA-treated recipients. In conclusion, CsA treatment unbalances T helper alloreactivity and favors Th2 and Th17 as coexisting pathways mediating chronic rejection of heterotopic tracheal allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lemaître
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium.
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Novak Kujundžić R, Steffens WL, Brewer JM, Henzl MT, Ragland WL. Characterization of avian thymic hormone and chicken parvalbumin 3 target cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 15:282-8. [PMID: 23333630 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Avian thymic hormone (ATH) is a β-parvalbumin produced by epithelial cells in the thymic cortex and in the eyes of chickens. Chicken parvalbumin 3 (CPV3) is a homologous protein produced in the thymus and in hair cells of the chicken ear. ATH circulates in the blood on a five-day cycle and stimulates cell-mediated immunity when administered to young chickens. We report the identification of target cells for ATH and CPV3 and the immunophenotype of target cells for ATH. Newly hatched chicks were injected intracoelomically with ATH and killed 5, 10, 15 or 20 min later. Naïve chickens also were killed at 1, 7 and 14 days of age. Various tissues were examined by EM for the presence of either ATH or CPV3 using colloidal gold labeling. Gold particles were initially present on plasma membranes of lymphocytes in T cell areas of spleen and cecal tonsils from the chicks injected with ATH, internalized within 10 min, and accumulated in nuclei by 20 min. Immunofluorescence staining also identified the presence of ATH in T cell areas of spleen and cecal tonsils. Target cells labeled for ATH were immunophenotyped by double labeling. They were positive for CD3, CD8 and the lymphocyte receptor TCR-1, a phenotype characteristic of cytotoxic γδ T cells. Some of the target cells in the spleen were TCR-3 positive. Targeting of lymphocytes by CPV3 indicated that it may also be an immunomodulating hormone.
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Mueller K, Quandt J, Marienfeld RB, Weihrich P, Fiedler K, Claussnitzer M, Laumen H, Vaeth M, Berberich-Siebelt F, Serfling E, Wirth T, Brunner C. Octamer-dependent transcription in T cells is mediated by NFAT and NF-κB. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:2138-54. [PMID: 23293002 PMCID: PMC3575799 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activator BOB.1/OBF.1 was originally identified in B cells and is constitutively expressed throughout B cell development. BOB.1/OBF.1 associates with the transcription factors Oct1 and Oct2, thereby enhancing octamer-dependent transcription. In contrast, in T cells, BOB.1/OBF.1 expression is inducible by treatment of cells with PMA/Ionomycin or by antigen receptor engagement, indicating a marked difference in the regulation of BOB.1/OBF.1 expression in B versus T cells. The molecular mechanisms underlying the differential expression of BOB.1/OBF.1 in T and B cells remain largely unknown. Therefore, the present study focuses on mechanisms controlling the transcriptional regulation of BOB.1/OBF.1 and Oct2 in T cells. We show that both calcineurin- and NF-κB-inhibitors efficiently attenuate the expression of BOB.1/OBF.1 and Oct2 in T cells. In silico analyses of the BOB.1/OBF.1 promoter revealed the presence of previously unappreciated combined NFAT/NF-κB sites. An array of genetic and biochemical analyses illustrates the involvement of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin as well as NFAT and NF-κB transcription factors in the transcriptional regulation of octamer-dependent transcription in T cells. Conclusively, impaired expression of BOB.1/OBF.1 and Oct2 and therefore a hampered octamer-dependent transcription may participate in T cell-mediated immunodeficiency caused by the deletion of NFAT or NF-κB transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Mueller
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany, Institute of Pathology, University Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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The calcineurin dependent transcription factor TacA is involved in development and the stress response of Dictyostelium discoideum. Eur J Cell Biol 2012; 91:789-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Frischbutter S, Schultheis K, Pätzel M, Radbruch A, Baumgrass R. Evaluation of calcineurin/NFAT inhibitor selectivity in primary human Th cells using bar-coding and phospho-flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2012; 81:1005-11. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Dependence on nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) levels discriminates conventional T cells from Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:16258-63. [PMID: 22991461 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1203870109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) to control regulatory T cells: thymus-derived naturally occurring regulatory T cells (nTreg) depend on calcium signals, the Foxp3 gene harbors several NFAT binding sites, and the Foxp3 (Fork head box P3) protein interacts with NFAT. Therefore, we investigated the impact of NFAT on Foxp3 expression. Indeed, the generation of peripherally induced Treg (iTreg) by TGF-β was highly dependent on NFAT expression because the ability of CD4(+) T cells to differentiate into iTreg diminished markedly with the number of NFAT family members missing. It can be concluded that the expression of Foxp3 in TGF-β-induced iTreg depends on the threshold value of NFAT rather than on an individual member present. This is specific for iTreg development, because frequency of nTreg remained unaltered in mice lacking NFAT1, NFAT2, or NFAT4 alone or in combination. Different from expectation, however, the function of both nTreg and iTreg was independent on robust NFAT levels, reflected by less nuclear NFAT in nTreg and iTreg. Accordingly, absence of one or two NFAT members did not alter suppressor activity in vitro or during colitis and transplantation in vivo. This scenario emphasizes an inhibition of high NFAT activity as treatment for autoimmune diseases and in transplantation, selectively targeting the proinflammatory conventional T cells, while keeping Treg functional.
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Chan JK, Greene WC. Dynamic roles for NF-κB in HTLV-I and HIV-1 retroviral pathogenesis. Immunol Rev 2012; 246:286-310. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schmidt A, Oberle N, Krammer PH. Molecular mechanisms of treg-mediated T cell suppression. Front Immunol 2012; 3:51. [PMID: 22566933 PMCID: PMC3341960 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) can suppress other immune cells and, thus, are critical mediators of peripheral self-tolerance. On the one hand, Tregs avert autoimmune disease and allergies. On the other hand, Tregs can prevent immune reactions against tumors and pathogens. Despite the importance of Tregs, the molecular mechanisms of suppression remain incompletely understood and controversial. Proliferation and cytokine production of CD4(+)CD25(-) conventional T cells (Tcons) can be inhibited directly by Tregs. In addition, Tregs can indirectly suppress Tcon activation via inhibition of the stimulatory capacity of antigen presenting cells. Direct suppression of Tcons by Tregs can involve immunosuppressive soluble factors or cell contact. Different mechanisms of suppression have been described, so far with no consensus on one universal mechanism. Controversies might be explained by the fact that different mechanisms may operate depending on the site of the immune reaction, on the type and activation state of the suppressed target cell as well as on the Treg activation status. Further, inhibition of T cell effector function can occur independently of suppression of proliferation. In this review, we summarize the described molecular mechanisms of suppression with a particular focus on suppression of Tcons and rapid suppression of T cell receptor-induced calcium (Ca(2+)), NFAT, and NF-κB signaling in Tcons by Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Schmidt
- Division of Immunogenetics, Tumorimmunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany
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