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Li Y, Huang H, Wang Q, Zheng X, Zhou Y, Kong X, Huang T, Zhang J, Zhou Y. Identification of prognostic risk model based on plasma cell markers in hepatocellular carcinoma through single-cell sequencing analysis. Front Genet 2024; 15:1363197. [PMID: 38859937 PMCID: PMC11163121 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1363197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a substantial global health burden. Tumorinfiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-Bs) contribute to tumor progression and significantly impact the efficacy of tumor therapy. However, the characteristics of TIL-Bs in HCC and their effect on HCC therapy remain elusive. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) was applied to investigate the heterogeneity, cellular differentiation and cell-cell communication of TIL-Bs in HCC. Further, the Cancer Genome Atlas-liver hepatocellular carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) and liver cancer institutes (LCI) cohorts were applied to construct and validate the plasma cell marker-based prognostic risk model. The relationship between the prognostic risk model and the responsiveness of immunotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with HCC were estimated by OncoPredict and tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) algorithm. Finally, we established nomogram and calibration curves to evaluate the precision of the risk score in predicating survival probability. Our data identified five subtypes of TIL-Bs in HCC, each exhibiting varying levels of infiltration in tumor tissues. The interactions between TIL-Bs and other cell types contributed to shaping distinct tumor microenvironments (TME). Moreover, we found that TIL-Bs subtypes had disparate prognostic values in HCC patients. The prognostic risk model demonstrated exceptional predictive accuracy for overall survival and exhibited varying sensitivities to immunotherapy and chemotherapy among patients with HCC. Our data demonstrated that the risk score stood as an independent prognostic predictor and the nomogram results further affirmed its strong prognostic capability. This study reveals the heterogeneity of TIL-Bs and provides a prognostic risk model based on plasma cell markers in HCC, which could prove valuable in predicting prognosis and guiding the choice of suitable therapies for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqi Li
- Tumor Biological Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, Changzhou, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Tumor Biological Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, Changzhou, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Tumor Biological Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, Changzhou, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Tumor Biological Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, Changzhou, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Tumor Biological Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, Changzhou, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - You Zhou
- Tumor Biological Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, Changzhou, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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2
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Zuo X, Peng G, Zhao J, Zhao Q, Zhu Y, Xu Y, Xu L, Li F, Xia Y, Liu Y, Wang C, Wang Z, Wang H, Zou X. Infection of domestic pigs with a genotype II potent strain of ASFV causes cytokine storm and lymphocyte mass reduction. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1361531. [PMID: 38698849 PMCID: PMC11064794 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The whole-genome sequence of an African swine fever virus (ASFV) strain (HuB/HH/2019) isolated from Hubei, China, was highly similar to that of the Georgia 2007/1 strain ASFV. After infection with strong strains, domestic pigs show typical symptoms of infection, including fever, depression, reddening of the skin, hemorrhagic swelling of various tissues, and dysfunction. The earliest detoxification occurred in pharyngeal swabs at 4 days post-infection. The viral load in the blood was extremely high, and ASFV was detected in multiple tissues, with the highest viral loads in the spleen and lungs. An imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors in the serum leads to an excessive inflammatory response in the body. Immune factor expression is suppressed without effectively eliciting an immune defense. Antibodies against p30 were not detected in acutely dead domestic pigs. Sequencing of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptome revealed elevated transcription of genes associated with immunity, defense, and stress. The massive reduction in lymphocyte counts in the blood collapses the body's immune system. An excessive inflammatory response with a massive reduction in the lymphocyte count may be an important cause of mortality in domestic pigs. These two reasons have inspired researchers to reduce excessive inflammatory responses and stimulate effective immune responses for future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Zuo
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Guorui Peng
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qizu Zhao
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Xu
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fangtao Li
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yingju Xia
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yebing Liu
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Haidong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Xingqi Zou
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
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Tompa A, Faresjö M. Shift in the B cell subsets between children with type 1 diabetes and/or celiac disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 216:36-44. [PMID: 38134245 PMCID: PMC10929695 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Our purpose was to characterize the pattern of B cell subsets in children with a combined diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (C) since children with single or double diagnosis of these autoimmune diseases may differ in peripheral B cell subset phenotype patterns. B cells were analyzed with flow cytometry for the expression of differentiation/maturation markers to identify transitional, naive, and memory B cells. Transitional (CD24hiCD38hiCD19+) and memory Bregs (mBregs; CD24hiCD27+CD19+, CD1d+CD27+CD19+, and CD5+CD1d+CD19+) were classified as B cells with regulatory capacity. Children with a combined diagnosis of T1D and C showed a pattern of diminished peripheral B cell subsets. The B cells compartment in children with combined diagnosis had higher percentages of memory B subsets and Bregs, including activated subsets, compared to children with either T1D or C. Children with combined diagnosis had a lower percentage of naive B cells (CD27-CD19+; IgD+CD19+) and an increased percentage of memory B cells (CD27+CD19+; IgD-CD19+). A similar alteration was seen among the CD39+ expressing naive and memory B cells. Memory Bregs (CD1d+CD27+CD19+) were more frequent, contrary to the lower percentage of CD5+ transitional Bregs in children with a combined diagnosis. In children with either T1D or C, the peripheral B cell compartment was dominated by naive cells. Differences in the pattern of heterogeneous peripheral B cell repertoire subsets reflect a shifting in the B cell compartment between children with T1D and/or C. This is an immunological challenge of impact on the pathophysiology of these autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tompa
- Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Division of Diagnostics, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Faresjö
- Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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4
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Al B, Bruno M, Röring RJ, Moorlag SJCFM, Suen TK, Klück V, Liu R, Debisarun PA, Gaal O, Bhat J, Kabelitz D, van de Veerdonk FL, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Placek K. Peripheral T Cell Populations are Differentially Affected in Familial Mediterranean Fever, Chronic Granulomatous Disease, and Gout. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:2033-2048. [PMID: 37714974 PMCID: PMC10661758 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Both innate errors of immunity, such as familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), and the common inflammatory disease gout are characterized by episodes of sterile inflammatory attacks in the absence of an infection. While these disorders encompass distinct pathologies due to differentially affected metabolic pathways and inflammasome activation mechanisms, their common features are the excessive production of interleukin (IL)-1ß and innate immune cell hyperreactivity. On the other hand, the role of T cells and innate-like lymphocytes such as gamma delta (γδ) T cells in these pathologies is ill-defined. In order to widen our understanding of T cell involvement in CGD, FMF and gout pathology, we developed multicolour immunophenotyping panels for flow cytometry to characterize γδ T cells as well as CD4 and CD8 T cell populations in terms of their cytokine production, activation status, memory or naive phenotypes, exhaustion status, homing receptor expression, and cytotoxic activity. Our study is the first deep immunophenotyping analysis of T cell populations in CGD, FMF, and gout patients. We found that CGD affects the frequencies and activation status of T cells, while gout impairs the cytokine production capacity of Vδ2 T cells. FMF was characterized by decreased percentages of regulatory T cells in circulation and attenuated IFN-γ production capacity by Vδ2 T cells. Autoinflammatory syndromes and congenital defects of phagocyte differentially affect T cell compartments. Future studies are warranted to assess whether these phenotypical changes are relevant for disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Al
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mariolina Bruno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rutger J Röring
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tsz Kin Suen
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Viola Klück
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Priya A Debisarun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Orsolya Gaal
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jaydeep Bhat
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Placek
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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5
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Qin M, Chen Q, Li N, Xu X, Wang C, Wang G, Xu Z. Shared gene characteristics and molecular mechanisms of macrophages M1 polarization in calcified aortic valve disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1058274. [PMID: 36684607 PMCID: PMC9846331 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1058274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CAVD is a common cardiovascular disease, but currently there is no drug treatment. Therefore, it is urgent to find new and effective drug therapeutic targets. Recent evidence has shown that the infiltration of M1 macrophages increased in the calcified aortic valve tissues, but the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to explore the shared gene characteristics and molecular mechanisms of macrophages M1 polarization in CAVD, in order to provide a theoretical basis for new drugs of CAVD. Methods The mRNA datasets of CAVD and M1 polarization were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. R language, String, and Cytoscape were used to analyze the functions and pathways of DEGs and feature genes. Immunohistochemical staining and Western Blot were performed to verify the selected hub genes. Results CCR7 and GZMB were two genes appeared together in hub genes of M1-polarized and CAVD datasets that might be involved in the process of CAVD and macrophages M1 polarization. CCR7 and CD86 were significantly increased, while CD163 was significantly decreased in the calcified aortic valve tissues. The infiltration of M1 macrophages was increased, on the contrary, the infiltration of M2 macrophages was decreased in the calcified aortic valve tissues. Conclusion This study reveals the shared gene characteristics and molecular mechanisms of CAVD and macrophages M1 polarization. The hub genes and pathways we found may provide new ideas for the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of M1 polarization during CAVD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, People’s Liberation Army Navy Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuyi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guokun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Guokun Wang,
| | - Zhiyun Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Zhiyun Xu,
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6
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Cuesta-Mateos C, Terrón F, Herling M. CCR7 in Blood Cancers - Review of Its Pathophysiological Roles and the Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2021; 11:736758. [PMID: 34778050 PMCID: PMC8589249 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.736758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the classical paradigm, CCR7 is a homing chemokine receptor that grants normal lymphocytes access to secondary lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes or spleen. As such, in most lymphoproliferative disorders, CCR7 expression correlates with nodal or spleen involvement. Nonetheless, recent evidence suggests that CCR7 is more than a facilitator of lymphatic spread of tumor cells. Here, we review published data to catalogue CCR7 expression across blood cancers and appraise which classical and novel roles are attributed to this receptor in the pathogenesis of specific hematologic neoplasms. We outline why novel therapeutic strategies targeting CCR7 might provide clinical benefits to patients with CCR7-positive hematopoietic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cuesta-Mateos
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Instituto la Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.,Immunological and Medicinal Products (IMMED S.L.), Madrid, Spain.,Catapult Therapeutics BV, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Terrón
- Immunological and Medicinal Products (IMMED S.L.), Madrid, Spain.,Catapult Therapeutics BV, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Marco Herling
- Clinic of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Cuesta-Mateos C, Brown JR, Terrón F, Muñoz-Calleja C. Of Lymph Nodes and CLL Cells: Deciphering the Role of CCR7 in the Pathogenesis of CLL and Understanding Its Potential as Therapeutic Target. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662866. [PMID: 33841445 PMCID: PMC8024566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymph node (LN) is an essential tissue for achieving effective immune responses but it is also critical in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Within the multitude of signaling pathways aberrantly regulated in CLL the homeostatic axis composed by the chemokine receptor CCR7 and its ligands is the main driver for directing immune cells to home into the LN. In this literature review, we address the roles of CCR7 in the pathophysiology of CLL, and how this chemokine receptor is of critical importance to develop more rational and effective therapies for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cuesta-Mateos
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Instituto de La Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.,IMMED S.L., Immunological and Medicinal Products, Madrid, Spain.,Catapult Therapeutics BV, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fernando Terrón
- IMMED S.L., Immunological and Medicinal Products, Madrid, Spain.,Catapult Therapeutics BV, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Instituto de La Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Flores-Montoya MG, Bill CA, Vines CM, Sobin C. Early chronic low-level lead exposure reduced C-C chemokine receptor 7 in hippocampal microglia. Toxicol Lett 2019; 314:106-116. [PMID: 31306743 PMCID: PMC7815484 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low-level lead exposure alters cognitive function in young children however the mechanisms mediating these deficits in the brain are not known. Previous studies in our laboratory showed that early lead exposure reduced the number of microglial cells in hippocampus/dentate gyrus of C57BL/6 J mice. In the current study, C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) and major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) were examined to investigate whether these neuroimmune factors which are known to trigger cell migration and antigen presentation, were altered by early chronic lead exposure. Thirty-six C57BL/6 J male mice were exposed to 0 ppm (controls, n = 12), 30 ppm (low-dose, n = 12), or 430 ppm (higher-dose, n = 12) of lead acetate via dams' milk from postnatal day (PND) 0 to 28. Flow cytometry was used to quantify cell types and cell surface expression of MHC II and CCR7 in hippocampal and whole brain microglia. Non-parametric independent samples median tests were used to test for statistically significant differences between groups. As compared to controls, CCR7 in hippocampal microglia was decreased in the low-dose group, measured as geometric mean fluorescence intensity (GMFI); in the higher-dose group CCR7+MHC II- hippocampal microglia were decreased. Further analyses revealed that the higher-dose group had decreased percentage of CCR7+MHC II- hippocampal macrophages as compared to controls but increased MHC II levels in CCR7+MHC II+ hippocampal macrophages as compared to controls. It was also noted that lead exposure disrupted the balance of MHC II and/or CCR7 in lead exposed animals. Reduced CCR7 in hippocampal microglia might alter the neuroimmune environment in hippocampi of lead exposed animals. Additional studies are needed to test this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Gisel Flores-Montoya
- Dept of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA; Dept of Psychology, Carleton College, Northfield, MN, USA.
| | - Colin A Bill
- Dept of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Charlotte M Vines
- Dept of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Christina Sobin
- Dept of Public Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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9
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León B, Lund FE. Compartmentalization of dendritic cell and T-cell interactions in the lymph node: Anatomy of T-cell fate decisions. Immunol Rev 2019; 289:84-100. [PMID: 30977197 PMCID: PMC6464380 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Upon receiving cognate and co-stimulatory priming signals from antigen (Ag)-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) in secondary lymphoid tissues, naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into distinct effector and memory populations. These alternate cell fate decisions, which ultimately control the T-cell functional attributes, are dictated by programming signals provided by Ag-bearing DCs and by other cells that are present in the microenvironment in which T-cell priming occurs. We know that DCs can be subdivided into multiple populations and that the various DC subsets exhibit differential capacities to initiate development of the different CD4+ T-helper populations. What is less well understood is why different subanatomic regions of secondary lymphoid tissues are colonized by distinct populations of Ag-presenting DCs and how the location of these DCs influences the type of T-cell response that will be generated. Here we review how chemokine receptors and their ligands, which position allergen and nematode-activated DCs within different microdomains of secondary lymphoid tissues, contribute to the establishment of IL-4 committed follicular helper T and type 2 helper cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Frances E. Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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10
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Moschovakis GL, Bubke A, Friedrichsen M, Ristenpart J, Back JW, Falk CS, Kremmer E, Förster R. The chemokine receptor CCR7 is a promising target for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 16:791-799. [PMID: 29973648 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR7 and its ligands CCL19 and CCL21 guide the homing and positioning of dendritic and T cells in lymphoid organs, thereby contributing to several aspects of adaptive immunity and immune tolerance. In the present study, we investigated the role of CCR7 in the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). By using a novel anti-human CCR7 antibody and humanized CCR7 mice, we evaluated CCR7 as a target in this autoimmune model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Ccr7-deficient mice were completely resistant to CIA and presented severely impaired antibody responses to collagen II (CII). Selective CCR7 expression on dendritic cells restored arthritis severity and anti-CII antibody titers. Prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of humanized CCR7 mice with anti-human CCR7 mAb 8H3-16A12 led to complete resistance to CIA and halted CIA progression, respectively. Our data demonstrate that CCR7 signaling is essential for the induction of CIA and identify CCR7 as a potential therapeutic target in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios L Moschovakis
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Anja Bubke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michaela Friedrichsen
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jasmin Ristenpart
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Christine S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation, IFB.Tx, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Institute of Molecular Immunology, D-81377, Munich, Germany.,Biozentrum Martinsried, Dept. Bio II., LMU München, Grosshaderner Str. 2, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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11
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Li LX, Labuda JC, Imai DM, Griffey SM, McSorley SJ. CCR7 Deficiency Allows Accelerated Clearance of Chlamydia from the Female Reproductive Tract. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2547-2554. [PMID: 28801359 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immune mechanisms responsible for pathogen clearance from the female reproductive tract (FRT) are incompletely defined; in particular, the contribution of lymphocyte trafficking to this process is unclear. CCR7-deficient mice have profoundly altered lymphocyte recirculation and display ectopic formation of lymphocyte aggregates within mucosal nonlymphoid tissues, including the FRT. In this study, we investigated how altered lymphocyte distribution in CCR7-deficient mice would affect host responses to Chlamydia muridarum within the reproductive tract. As expected, CCR7-deficient mice exhibited reduced lymphocyte trafficking to lymph nodes and a corresponding increase in T cell populations within the FRT. After intravaginal infection with Chlamydia, CCR7-deficient mice displayed markedly reduced Ag-specific CD4 T cell responses within the local draining iliac lymph nodes, yet robust Th1 and Th17 responses were prominent in the FRT. In addition, Chlamydia-specific Ab responses were dysregulated in CCR7-deficient mice, displaying an unexpected increase in the systemic IgA responses. Importantly, prominent mucosal immune responses in CCR7-deficient mice increased the efficiency of bacteria clearance from the FRT while reducing tissue-associated inflammation and pathology. Thus, increased numbers of lymphocytes within the FRT result in pathogen clearance with reduced immune-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Xi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205;
| | - Jasmine C Labuda
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616; and
| | - Denise M Imai
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Stephen M Griffey
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Stephen J McSorley
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616; and
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12
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Liu J, Wei Y, Luo Q, Xu F, Zhao Z, Zhang H, Lu L, Sun J, Liu F, Du X, Li M, Wei K, Dong J. Baicalin attenuates inflammation in mice with OVA-induced asthma by inhibiting NF-κB and suppressing CCR7/CCL19/CCL21. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1541-1548. [PMID: 27666000 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalin, extracted and purified from the Chinese medicinal plant, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huang qin in Chinese), exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity against asthma. However, it remains unknown whether baicalin inhibits the activity of CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) and its ligands, which are crucial for the initiation of airway inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of baicalin on CCR7 and its ligands, CCL19 and CCL21, as well as on the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in a mouse model of asthma. A mouse model of acute asthma was established by exposing the mice to ovalbumin (OVA) (by intraperitoneal injection and inhalational challenge). Within 24 h of the final OVA challenge, lung function was detected by direct airway resistance analysis. Lung tissues were examined for pathological changes. Inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were assessed. ELISA was utilized to evaluate the OVA-IgE, CCL19 and CCL21 levels in BALF. The interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in serum were also detected by ELISA. The protein expression levels of CCR7, as well as that of phosphorylated IκBα (p-IκBα) and phosphorylated p65 (p-p65) were determined by western blot analysis and RT-qPCR was used to determine the CCR7 mRNA levels. Our data demonstrated that the oral administration of baicalin significantly improved pulmonary function and attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration into the lungs. Baicalin also decreased the levels of OVA-IgE, IL-6, TNF-α and CCR7, as well as those of its ligand, CCL19; the levels of NF-κB were also markedly suppressed by baicalin. The CCR7 mRNA level was substantially decreased. Our results thus suggest that baicalin exerts an inhibitory effect on airway inflammation, and this effect may be associated with the inhibition of CCR7 and CCL19/CCL21, which may provide new mechanistic insight into the anti‑inflammatory effects of baicalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Qingli Luo
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxiao Zhao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Linwei Lu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Mihui Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wei
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Bill CA, Soto OB, Vines CM. C-C Chemokine Receptor Seven (CCR7): Coming of Age In Vaccines. VACCINATION RESEARCH : OPEN JOURNAL 2016; 1:7-9. [PMID: 33511380 PMCID: PMC7839828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charlotte M. Vines
- Corresponding author Charlotte M. Vines, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA,
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14
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Expression of chemokine receptors on peripheral blood T cells in children with chronic kidney disease. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:536894. [PMID: 25866451 PMCID: PMC4381676 DOI: 10.1155/2015/536894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors play a role in leukocyte recruitment, activation, and maintaining effector functions and regulate adaptive immune response and angiogenesis. The study aimed at flow cytometric analysis of T cell subsets with selected surface chemokine receptors (CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CXCR3, and CXCR4) or receptor combination in peripheral blood of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis (HD). The percentage of T lymphocytes with CD8 and combined CD28,CCR7 expression was higher in HD children. The percentage of T lymphocytes expressing CCR7, CD28,CCR7, and CXCR4,CD8 was increased in children on conservative treatment. Total number (tn) of CXCR4+ cells was reduced in children on hemodialysis. The tn of T CXCR3+ cells was lower in children on conservative treatment. During HD the percentage of T CD4+ cells was higher and of T CXCR3+ lymphocytes was lower after HD session as compared to 15 min of session duration. During HD tn of T cells with expression of CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CXCR3, and CXCR4 was constant. The alteration of chemokine receptors expression in children with CKD occurs early in the development. Diminished expression of CXCR3, CXCR4 on T cells in patients with CKD on HD might result in impaired inflammatory response. Increased CCR7+ T cell percentage could be responsible for the alteration of migration of cells into secondary lymphatic organs.
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15
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Chu DK, Jimenez-Saiz R, Verschoor CP, Walker TD, Goncharova S, Llop-Guevara A, Shen P, Gordon ME, Barra NG, Bassett JD, Kong J, Fattouh R, McCoy KD, Bowdish DM, Erjefält JS, Pabst O, Humbles AA, Kolbeck R, Waserman S, Jordana M. Indigenous enteric eosinophils control DCs to initiate a primary Th2 immune response in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:1657-72. [PMID: 25071163 PMCID: PMC4113937 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils natively inhabit the small intestine, but a functional role for them there has remained elusive. Here, we show that eosinophil-deficient mice were protected from induction of Th2-mediated peanut food allergy and anaphylaxis, and Th2 priming was restored by reconstitution with il4(+/+) or il4(-/-) eosinophils. Eosinophils controlled CD103(+) dendritic cell (DC) activation and migration from the intestine to draining lymph nodes, events necessary for Th2 priming. Eosinophil activation in vitro and in vivo led to degranulation of eosinophil peroxidase, a granule protein whose enzymatic activity promoted DC activation in mice and humans in vitro, and intestinal and extraintestinal mouse DC activation and mobilization to lymph nodes in vivo. Further, eosinophil peroxidase enhanced responses to ovalbumin seen after immunization. Thus, eosinophils can be critical contributors to the intestinal immune system, and granule-mediated shaping of DC responses can promote both intestinal and extraintestinal adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek K Chu
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Jimenez-Saiz
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Christopher P Verschoor
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Tina D Walker
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Susanna Goncharova
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Alba Llop-Guevara
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Pamela Shen
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Melissa E Gordon
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Nicole G Barra
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Jennifer D Bassett
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Joshua Kong
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Ramzi Fattouh
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin (UVCM), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dawn M Bowdish
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Jonas S Erjefält
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University Hospital, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alison A Humbles
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MA 20878
| | - Roland Kolbeck
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MA 20878
| | - Susan Waserman
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Manel Jordana
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
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16
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Kling JC, Mack M, Körner H. The absence of CCR7 results in dysregulated monocyte migration and immunosuppression facilitating chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79098. [PMID: 24205367 PMCID: PMC3813618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Leishmania major causes cutaneous lesions to develop at the site of infection, which are resolved with a strong Th1 immune response in resistant hosts, such as C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, the lesions ulcerate in susceptible hosts which display a Th2 response, such as BALB/c mice. The migration of cells in the immune response to L. major is regulated by chemokines and their receptors. The chemokine receptor CCR7 is expressed on activated DCs and naïve T cells, allowing them to migrate to the correct micro-anatomical positions within secondary lymphoid organs. While there have been many studies on the function of CCR7 during homeostasis or using model antigens, there are very few studies on the role of CCR7 during infection. In this study, we show that B6.CCR7-/- mice were unable to resolve the lesion and developed a chronic disease. The composition of the local infiltrate at the lesion was significantly skewed toward neutrophils while the proportion of CCR2+ monocytes was reduced. Furthermore, a greater percentage of CCR2+ monocytes expressed CCR7 in the footpad than in the lymph node or spleen of B6.WT mice. We also found an increased percentage of regulatory T cells in the draining lymph node of B6.CCR7-/- mice throughout infection. Additionally, the cytokine milieu of the lymph node showed a Th2 bias, rather than the resistant Th1 phenotype. This data shows that CCR7 is required for a protective immune response to intracellular L. major infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Mack
- Innere Medizin II, Nephrologie/Forschung, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Heinrich Körner
- Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- * E-mail:
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17
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Comerford I, Harata-Lee Y, Bunting MD, Gregor C, Kara EE, McColl SR. A myriad of functions and complex regulation of the CCR7/CCL19/CCL21 chemokine axis in the adaptive immune system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:269-83. [PMID: 23587803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR7 and its ligands CCL19 and CCL21 control a diverse array of migratory events in adaptive immune function. Most prominently, CCR7 promotes homing of T cells and DCs to T cell areas of lymphoid tissues where T cell priming occurs. However, CCR7 and its ligands also contribute to a multitude of adaptive immune functions including thymocyte development, secondary lymphoid organogenesis, high affinity antibody responses, regulatory and memory T cell function, and lymphocyte egress from tissues. In this survey, we summarise the role of CCR7 in adaptive immunity and describe recent progress in understanding how this axis is regulated. In particular we highlight CCX-CKR, which scavenges both CCR7 ligands, and discuss its emerging significance in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Comerford
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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18
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White GE, Iqbal AJ, Greaves DR. CC chemokine receptors and chronic inflammation--therapeutic opportunities and pharmacological challenges. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:47-89. [PMID: 23300131 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.005074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of low molecular weight proteins with an essential role in leukocyte trafficking during both homeostasis and inflammation. The CC class of chemokines consists of at least 28 members (CCL1-28) that signal through 10 known chemokine receptors (CCR1-10). CC chemokine receptors are expressed predominantly by T cells and monocyte-macrophages, cell types associated predominantly with chronic inflammation occurring over weeks or years. Chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome are characterized by continued leukocyte infiltration into the inflammatory site, driven in large part by excessive chemokine production. Over years or decades, persistent inflammation may lead to loss of tissue architecture and function, causing severe disability or, in the case of atherosclerosis, fatal outcomes such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Despite the existence of several clinical strategies for targeting chronic inflammation, these diseases remain significant causes of morbidity and mortality globally, with a concomitant economic impact. Thus, the development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease continues to be a priority. In this review we introduce CC chemokine receptors as critical mediators of chronic inflammatory responses and explore their potential role as pharmacological targets. We discuss functions of individual CC chemokine receptors based on in vitro pharmacological data as well as transgenic animal studies. Focusing on three key forms of chronic inflammation--rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome--we describe the pathologic function of CC chemokine receptors and their possible relevance as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma E White
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Wan W, Lionakis MS, Liu Q, Roffê E, Murphy PM. Genetic deletion of chemokine receptor Ccr7 exacerbates atherogenesis in ApoE-deficient mice. Cardiovasc Res 2012. [PMID: 23180724 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent evidence suggests that both Ccr7 and its ligands, Ccl19 and Ccl21, are present in mouse and human atherosclerotic plaques; however, the role of Ccr7 in atherogenesis is still controversial. Here, we addressed this question by using the classic apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mouse model of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Ccr7(-/-)ApoE(-/-) double knockout mice and Ccr7(+/+)ApoE(-/-) littermates were generated and maintained on a high-fat Western diet for 8 weeks to induce atherosclerosis. Ccr7(-/-)ApoE(-/-) mice showed an ~80% increase in atherosclerotic lesion size in the whole aorta and a two-fold increase in the aortic root compared with Ccr7(+/+)ApoE(-/-) mice. Ccr7(-/-)ApoE(-/-) mice had increased T cells in the blood, bone marrow, and spleen, as well as in atherosclerotic lesions. Competitive repopulation experiments revealed that T cells from Ccr7(-/-)ApoE(-/-) mice migrated poorly into lymph nodes but better into mouse aortas compared with T cells from Ccr7(+/+)ApoE(-/-) mice. Transplantation of the bone marrow from Ccr7(-/-)ApoE(-/-) mice into lethally irradiated Ccr7(+/+)ApoE(-/-) mice resulted in ~60% more atherosclerotic lesions compared with Ccr7(+/+)ApoE(-/-) donor bone marrow, suggesting that exacerbation was mediated by a Ccr7(+) bone marrow-derived cell(s). Furthermore, in Ccr7(-/-)ApoE(-/-) mice the serum level of IL-12 was markedly increased, whereas the level of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) was significantly decreased, suggesting an imbalance of T cell responses in these mice. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that genetic deletion of Ccr7 exacerbates atherosclerosis by increasing T cell accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuzhou Wan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg 10, Rm11N113, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Moschovakis GL, Förster R. Multifaceted activities of CCR7 regulate T-cell homeostasis in health and disease. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:1949-55. [PMID: 22700449 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CCR7 is a homeostatically expressed chemokine receptor that is known to regulate the homing of various types of immune cells to primary, secondary, and tertiary lymphoid organs. Recent evidence suggests that, in addition to controlling cell migration, CCR7-mediated signals affect T-cell homeostasis in lymph nodes at various levels and also influence T-cell activation and polarization. In this review, we highlight these findings and discuss recently proposed functions of the CCR7 pathway in the induction and maintenance of chronic inflammation.
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