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Raso F, Liu S, Simpson MJ, Barton GM, Mayer CT, Acharya M, Muppidi JR, Marshak-Rothstein A, Reboldi A. Antigen receptor signaling and cell death resistance controls intestinal humoral response zonation. Immunity 2023; 56:2373-2387.e8. [PMID: 37714151 PMCID: PMC10591993 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) maintains commensal communities in the intestine while preventing dysbiosis. IgA generated against intestinal microbes assures the simultaneous binding to multiple, diverse commensal-derived antigens. However, the exact mechanisms by which B cells mount broadly reactive IgA to the gut microbiome remains elusive. Here, we have shown that IgA B cell receptor (BCR) is required for B cell fitness during the germinal center (GC) reaction in Peyer's patches (PPs) and for generation of gut-homing plasma cells (PCs). We demonstrate that IgA BCR drove heightened intracellular signaling in mouse and human B cells, and as a consequence, IgA+ B cells received stronger positive selection cues. Mechanistically, IgA BCR signaling offset Fas-mediated death, possibly rescuing low-affinity B cells to promote a broad humoral response to commensals. Our findings reveal an additional mechanism linking BCR signaling, B cell fate, and antibody production location, which have implications for how intestinal antigen recognition shapes humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Raso
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shuozhi Liu
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mikala J Simpson
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory M Barton
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christian T Mayer
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mridu Acharya
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jagan R Muppidi
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ann Marshak-Rothstein
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Reboldi
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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2
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Torow N, Li R, Hitch TCA, Mingels C, Al Bounny S, van Best N, Stange EL, Simons B, Maié T, Rüttger L, Gubbi NMKP, Abbott DA, Benabid A, Gadermayr M, Runge S, Treichel N, Merhof D, Rosshart SP, Jehmlich N, Hand TW, von Bergen M, Heymann F, Pabst O, Clavel T, Tacke F, Lelouard H, Costa IG, Hornef MW. M cell maturation and cDC activation determine the onset of adaptive immune priming in the neonatal Peyer's patch. Immunity 2023; 56:1220-1238.e7. [PMID: 37130522 PMCID: PMC10262694 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Early-life immune development is critical to long-term host health. However, the mechanisms that determine the pace of postnatal immune maturation are not fully resolved. Here, we analyzed mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) in small intestinal Peyer's patches (PPs), the primary inductive site of intestinal immunity. Conventional type 1 and 2 dendritic cells (cDC1 and cDC2) and RORgt+ antigen-presenting cells (RORgt+ APC) exhibited significant age-dependent changes in subset composition, tissue distribution, and reduced cell maturation, subsequently resulting in a lack in CD4+ T cell priming during the postnatal period. Microbial cues contributed but could not fully explain the discrepancies in MNP maturation. Type I interferon (IFN) accelerated MNP maturation but IFN signaling did not represent the physiological stimulus. Instead, follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) M cell differentiation was required and sufficient to drive postweaning PP MNP maturation. Together, our results highlight the role of FAE M cell differentiation and MNP maturation in postnatal immune development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Torow
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Ronghui Li
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Thomas Charles Adrian Hitch
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Clemens Mingels
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Shahed Al Bounny
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Niels van Best
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200, the Netherlands
| | - Eva-Lena Stange
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Britta Simons
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Tiago Maié
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Lennart Rüttger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | | | - Darryl Adelaide Abbott
- Pediatrics Department, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Adam Benabid
- Institute for Cell and Tumor Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Michael Gadermayr
- Institute of Imaging & Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Solveig Runge
- Department of Microbiome Research, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Nicole Treichel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Dorit Merhof
- Institute of Imaging & Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Stephan Patrick Rosshart
- Department of Microbiome Research, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Medicine II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Timothy Wesley Hand
- Pediatrics Department, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Leipzig 04318, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig 04103, Germany; University of Leipzig, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Felix Heymann
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Thomas Clavel
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Hugues Lelouard
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Ivan Gesteira Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Mathias Walter Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany.
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3
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Bennion BG, Croft CA, Ai TL, Qian W, Menos AM, Miner CA, Frémond ML, Doisne JM, Andhey PS, Platt DJ, Bando JK, Wang ER, Luksch H, Molina TJ, Roberson EDO, Artyomov MN, Rösen-Wolff A, Colonna M, Rieux-Laucat F, Di Santo JP, Neven B, Miner JJ. STING Gain-of-Function Disrupts Lymph Node Organogenesis and Innate Lymphoid Cell Development in Mice. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107771. [PMID: 32553167 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STING gain-of-function causes autoimmunity and immunodeficiency in mice and STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) in humans. Here, we report that STING gain-of-function in mice prevents development of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. We show that the absence of secondary lymphoid organs is associated with diminished numbers of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells. Although wild-type (WT) α4β7+ progenitors differentiate efficiently into LTi cells, STING gain-of-function progenitors do not. Furthermore, STING gain-of-function impairs development of all types of ILCs. Patients with STING gain-of-function mutations have fewer ILCs, although they still have lymph nodes. In mice, expression of the STING mutant in RORγT-positive lineages prevents development of lymph nodes and reduces numbers of LTi cells. RORγT lineage-specific expression of STING gain-of-function also causes lung disease. Since RORγT is expressed exclusively in LTi cells during fetal development, our findings suggest that STING gain-of-function prevents lymph node organogenesis by reducing LTi cell numbers in mice.
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Abstract
Among antibodies, IgA is unique because it has evolved to be secreted onto mucosal surfaces. The structure of IgA and the associated secretory component allow IgA to survive the highly proteolytic environment of mucosal surfaces but also substantially limit IgA's ability to activate effector functions on immune cells. Despite these characteristics, IgA is critical for both preventing enteric infections and shaping the local microbiome. IgA's function is determined by a distinct antigen-binding repertoire, composed of antibodies with a variety of specificities, from permissive polyspecificity to cross-reactivity to exquisite specificity to a single epitope, which act together to regulate intestinal bacteria. Development of the unique function and specificities of IgA is shaped by local cues provided by the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, driven by the constantly changing environment of the intestine and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Hand
- R.K. Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, USA;
| | - Andrea Reboldi
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA;
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5
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Kunimura K, Sakata D, Tun X, Uruno T, Ushijima M, Katakai T, Shiraishi A, Aihara R, Kamikaseda Y, Matsubara K, Kanegane H, Sawa S, Eberl G, Ohga S, Yoshikai Y, Fukui Y. S100A4 Protein Is Essential for the Development of Mature Microfold Cells in Peyer's Patches. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2823-2834.e7. [PMID: 31775048 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microfold cells (M cells) in Peyer's patches are a special subset of epithelial cells that initiate mucosal immune responses through uptake of luminal antigens. Although the cytokine receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) expressed on mesenchymal cells triggers differentiation into M cells, other environmental cues remain unknown. Here, we show that the metastasis-promoting protein S100A4 is required for development of mature M cells. S100A4-producing cells are a heterogenous cell population including lysozyme-expressing dendritic cells and group 3 innate lymphoid cells. We found that in the absence of DOCK8, a Cdc42 activator critical for interstitial leukocyte migration, S100A4-producing cells are reduced in the subepithelial dome, resulting in a maturation defect of M cells. While S100A4 promotes differentiation into mature M cells in organoid culture, genetic inactivation of S100a4 prevents the development of mature M cells in mice. Thus, S100A4 is a key environmental cue that regulates M cell differentiation in collaboration with RANKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Kunimura
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daiji Sakata
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Immunology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Xin Tun
- Division of Host Defence, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takehito Uruno
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Immunology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Miho Ushijima
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoya Katakai
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Shiraishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Aihara
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kamikaseda
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsubara
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kanegane
- Department of Child Health and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Research Center for Systems Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Gérard Eberl
- Microenvironment & Immunity Unit, INSERM U1224, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75724, France
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Yoshikai
- Division of Host Defence, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fukui
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Immunology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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6
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Hiyama S, Iijima H, Sakakibara Y, Yamada T, Mukai A, Otake Y, Yamaguchi T, Araki M, Kawai S, Tsujii Y, Inoue T, Hayashi Y, Shinzaki S, Takehara T. Endoscopic alterations in Peyer's patches in patients with ulcerative colitis: A prospective, multicenter study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:1143-1149. [PMID: 31734952 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Peyer's patches (PPs) play a major role in intestinal mucosal immunity; however, their role in ulcerative colitis (UC) is not well investigated. We evaluated endoscopic features of PPs on narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy (NBI-ME) and investigated their association with clinical factors. METHODS We prospectively recruited 105 patients with UC, 18 with Crohn's disease, 16 with disease control, and 33 healthy control subjects at three institutions from 2014 to 2017. NBI-ME images of the villi of PPs were evaluated according to the Villi Index, and patients were divided into the Villi Index low (L) and high (H) types. The 1-year sustained clinical remission rate was evaluated between L-type and H-type PPs in patients with UC. RESULTS The proportions of patients with H-type PPs were significantly higher among UC, Crohn's disease, and disease control patients than among healthy control patients (P = 0.0125, 0.018, 0.0007). In UC, age, gender, endoscopic score, and extent of disease involvement were not significantly different between L-type and H-type PPs, whereas the sustained clinical remission rate was significantly higher in L-type PPs than in H-type PPs (88% [57/65] vs 65% [17/26], P = 0.019). Multivariate analysis revealed that the L type of PPs was a significant factor for sustained clinical remission (odds ratio 3.8, 95% confidence interval 1.1-12.9, P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS Patients with UC showed endoscopic alterations in PPs on NBI-ME, and highly altered appearance of PPs can be associated with a high risk of clinical relapse in patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, JCHO Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Sakakibara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Mukai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuriko Otake
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Araki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Shinzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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7
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Biram A, Shulman Z. T cell help to B cells: Cognate and atypical interactions in peripheral and intestinal lymphoid tissues. Immunol Rev 2020; 296:36-47. [PMID: 32557712 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enduring immunity against harmful pathogens depends on the generation of immunological memory. Serum immunoglobulins are constantly secreted by long-lived antibody-producing cells, which provide extended protection from recurrent exposures. These cells originate mainly from germinal center structures, wherein B cells introduce mutations to their immunoglobulin genes followed by affinity-based selection. Generation of high-affinity antibodies relies on physical contacts between T and B cells, a process that facilitates the delivery of fate decision signals. T-B cellular engagements are mediated through interactions between the T cell receptor and its cognate peptide presented on B cell major histocompatibility class II molecules. Here, we describe the cellular and molecular aspects of these cognate T-B interactions, and highlight exceptional cases, especially those arising at intestinal lymphoid organs, at which T cells provide help to B cells in an atypical manner, independent of T cell specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Biram
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Shulman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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8
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Lai NY, Musser MA, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Baral P, Jacobson A, Ma P, Potts DE, Chen Z, Paik D, Soualhi S, Yan Y, Misra A, Goldstein K, Lagomarsino VN, Nordstrom A, Sivanathan KN, Wallrapp A, Kuchroo VK, Nowarski R, Starnbach MN, Shi H, Surana NK, An D, Wu C, Huh JR, Rao M, Chiu IM. Gut-Innervating Nociceptor Neurons Regulate Peyer's Patch Microfold Cells and SFB Levels to Mediate Salmonella Host Defense. Cell 2020; 180:33-49.e22. [PMID: 31813624 PMCID: PMC6954329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gut-innervating nociceptor sensory neurons respond to noxious stimuli by initiating protective responses including pain and inflammation; however, their role in enteric infections is unclear. Here, we find that nociceptor neurons critically mediate host defense against the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm). Dorsal root ganglia nociceptors protect against STm colonization, invasion, and dissemination from the gut. Nociceptors regulate the density of microfold (M) cells in ileum Peyer's patch (PP) follicle-associated epithelia (FAE) to limit entry points for STm invasion. Downstream of M cells, nociceptors maintain levels of segmentous filamentous bacteria (SFB), a gut microbe residing on ileum villi and PP FAE that mediates resistance to STm infection. TRPV1+ nociceptors directly respond to STm by releasing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide that modulates M cells and SFB levels to protect against Salmonella infection. These findings reveal a major role for nociceptor neurons in sensing and defending against enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Y Lai
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melissa A Musser
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Pankaj Baral
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Jacobson
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pingchuan Ma
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David E Potts
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zuojia Chen
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Donggi Paik
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Salima Soualhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yiqing Yan
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aditya Misra
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaitlin Goldstein
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Anja Nordstrom
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kisha N Sivanathan
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Antonia Wallrapp
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roni Nowarski
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Hailian Shi
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Neeraj K Surana
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dingding An
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chuan Wu
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jun R Huh
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meenakshi Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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9
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Kobayashi N, Takahashi D, Takano S, Kimura S, Hase K. The Roles of Peyer's Patches and Microfold Cells in the Gut Immune System: Relevance to Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2345. [PMID: 31649668 PMCID: PMC6794464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfold (M) cells are located in the epithelium covering mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, such as the Peyer's patches (PPs) of the small intestine. M cells actively transport luminal antigens to the underlying lymphoid follicles to initiate an immune response. The molecular machinery of M-cell differentiation and function has been vigorously investigated over the last decade. Studies have shed light on the role of M cells in the mucosal immune system and have revealed that antigen uptake by M cells contributes to not only mucosal but also systemic immune responses. However, M-cell studies usually focus on infectious diseases; the contribution of M cells to autoimmune diseases has remained largely unexplored. Accumulating evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota is implicated in multiple systemic diseases, including autoimmune diseases. This implies that the uptake of microorganisms by M cells in PPs may play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. We provide an outline of the current understanding of M-cell biology and subsequently discuss the potential contribution of M cells and PPs to the induction of systemic autoimmunity, beyond the mucosal immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhide Kobayashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takano
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Jiang Y, Li X, Wu Y, Zhou L, Wang Z, Xiao W. Effect of Lentinan on Peyer's patch structure and function in an immunosuppressed mouse model. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:169-176. [PMID: 31255627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lentinan (LNT), a polysaccharide isolated from Lentinus edodes, has been shown to stimulate immune response. Despite its widespread use owing to its health benefits, epidemiologic and experimental studies that address the biological activities of LNT after oral administration to animals or humans are rare. In this study, the effects of LNT on the intestinal mucosal immune system of immunosuppressed mice were investigated. The number and size of the Peyer's patches (PPs), proliferation ability of PP lymphocytes, T and B lymphocyte percentage, and T-cell activation proportion, as well as the number of M-like cells in PPs, were determined. The antigen transfer ability of M-like cells and intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels were also detected. After oral administration of LNT for 7 days, the number of PPs, lymphocytes in PPs, and the level of intestinal soluble IgA in immunosuppressed mice were increased. LNT maintained the percentage of T and B lymphocytes and upregulated the proportion of activated T cells in PPs. Furthermore, the number of M-like cells, which were differentiated from intestinal epithelial cells, and their antigen transfer ability were enhanced. These results indicate that orally administered LNT can improve the immune status of the intestinal mucosa in immunosuppressed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Jiang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jiangning Industrial City, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- R & D Department, Guangdong Hybribio Technology Co. Ltd, No. 71, Fengsan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jiangning Industrial City, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 Waihuan Dong Rd., Guangzhou University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jiangning Industrial City, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jiangning Industrial City, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China.
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11
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Islam MA, Firdous J, Badruddoza AZM, Reesor E, Azad M, Hasan A, Lim M, Cao W, Guillemette S, Cho CS. M cell targeting engineered biomaterials for effective vaccination. Biomaterials 2018; 192:75-94. [PMID: 30439573 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the greatest medical interventions of all time and have been successful in controlling and eliminating a myriad of diseases over the past two centuries. Among several vaccination strategies, mucosal vaccines have wide clinical applications and attract considerable interest in research, showing potential as innovative and novel therapeutics. In mucosal vaccination, targeting (microfold) M cells is a frontline prerequisite for inducing effective antigen-specific immunostimulatory effects. In this review, we primarily focus on materials engineered for use as vaccine delivery platforms to target M cells. We also describe potential M cell targeting areas, methods to overcome current challenges and limitations of the field. Furthermore, we present the potential of biomaterials engineering as well as various natural and synthetic delivery technologies to overcome the challenges of M cell targeting, all of which are absent in current literature. Finally, we briefly discuss manufacturing and regulatory processes to bring a robust perspective on the feasibility and potential of this next-generation vaccine technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ariful Islam
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jannatul Firdous
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abu Zayed Md Badruddoza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Emma Reesor
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Mohammad Azad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Wuji Cao
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Simon Guillemette
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Chong Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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12
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Tian C, Xu H, Li J, Han Z. Characteristics and intestinal immunomodulating activities of water-soluble pectic polysaccharides from Chenpi with different storage periods. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:3752-3757. [PMID: 29330852 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The traditional view considers that Chenpi (dried citrus peel) stored over the long-term has better health efficacies compared to fresh Chenpi, although the detailed mechanism responsible for this remains obscure. RESULTS The three water-soluble pectic polysaccharides (CPP1, CPP5 and CPP10) were obtained from 1-, 5- and 10-year Chenpi, respectively, and their physicochemical characteristics and intestinal immunomodulating activities were investigated and compared. The results obtained showed that CPP5 and CPP10 demonstrated a lower dynamic viscosity and degree of methylesterification, as well as a higher molecular heterogeneity, compared to CPP1. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that CPP1 was composed of arabinose, galacturonic acid and galactose, and a small amount of rhamnose; however, CPP5 and CPP10 consisted of arabinose, galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose and xylose, and a small amount of rhamnose. With the extension of storage period of Chenpi, the content of soluble conjugate phenolic acids increased in the pectic polysaccharide. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the pectic polysaccharides extracted from the 5-year and 10-year Chenpi could significantly enhance the proliferation of bone marrow cells via activating the Peyer's patch cells in vitro. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates the differences in the pectic polysaccharides from Chenpi with different storage periods and also confirms that the pectic polysaccharides extracted from Chenpi stored over the long-term had more significant intestinal activities compared to that obtained from the fresh Chenpi. This phenomenon might partly explain why the Chenpi stored over the long-term has better healthcare effects. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Tian
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Bengbu College, Bengbu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Bengbu College, Bengbu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zhuo Han
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Bengbu College, Bengbu, Anhui, PR China
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13
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Revaud J, Unterfinger Y, Rol N, Suleman M, Shaw J, Galea S, Gavard F, Lacour SA, Coulpier M, Versillé N, Havenga M, Klonjkowski B, Zanella G, Biacchesi S, Cordonnier N, Corthésy B, Ben Arous J, Richardson JP. Firewalls Prevent Systemic Dissemination of Vectors Derived from Human Adenovirus Type 5 and Suppress Production of Transgene-Encoded Antigen in a Murine Model of Oral Vaccination. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:6. [PMID: 29423380 PMCID: PMC5788964 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To define the bottlenecks that restrict antigen expression after oral administration of viral-vectored vaccines, we tracked vectors derived from the human adenovirus type 5 at whole body, tissue, and cellular scales throughout the digestive tract in a murine model of oral delivery. After intragastric administration of vectors encoding firefly luciferase or a model antigen, detectable levels of transgene-encoded protein or mRNA were confined to the intestine, and restricted to delimited anatomical zones. Expression of luciferase in the form of multiple small bioluminescent foci in the distal ileum, cecum, and proximal colon suggested multiple crossing points. Many foci were unassociated with visible Peyer's patches, implying that transduced cells lay in proximity to villous rather than follicle-associated epithelium, as supported by detection of transgene-encoded antigen in villous epithelial cells. Transgene-encoded mRNA but not protein was readily detected in Peyer's patches, suggesting that post-transcriptional regulation of viral gene expression might limit expression of transgene-encoded antigen in this tissue. To characterize the pathways by which the vector crossed the intestinal epithelium and encountered sentinel cells, a fluorescent-labeled vector was administered to mice by the intragastric route or inoculated into ligated intestinal loops comprising a Peyer's patch. The vector adhered selectively to microfold cells in the follicle-associated epithelium, and, after translocation to the subepithelial dome region, was captured by phagocytes that expressed CD11c and lysozyme. In conclusion, although a large number of crossing events took place throughout the intestine within and without Peyer's patches, multiple firewalls prevented systemic dissemination of vector and suppressed production of transgene-encoded protein in Peyer's patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Revaud
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France.,SEPPIC Paris La Défense, Paris, France
| | - Yves Unterfinger
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nicolas Rol
- R&D Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre des Laboratoires d'Epalinges, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Julia Shaw
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sandra Galea
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Françoise Gavard
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sandrine A Lacour
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Muriel Coulpier
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | - Bernard Klonjkowski
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gina Zanella
- Anses, Epidemiology Unit, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Nathalie Cordonnier
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Blaise Corthésy
- R&D Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre des Laboratoires d'Epalinges, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jennifer P Richardson
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
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14
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Ishisono K, Yabe T, Kitaguchi K. Citrus pectin attenuates endotoxin shock via suppression of Toll-like receptor signaling in Peyer's patch myeloid cells. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 50:38-45. [PMID: 29031241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pectin, a water-soluble dietary fiber, has been found to improve survival in endotoxin shock. However, the underlying mechanism by which pectin exerts its protective effect against endotoxin shock remains unknown. Apart from its prebiotic effects, it has been suggested that pectin directly affects immune cells to regulate inflammatory responses. In this study, we investigated the direct effect of pectin in murine model of endotoxin shock. Citrus pectin solution was administered to male C57BL/6 mice for 10 days. Thereafter, hypothermia was induced in the mice with intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The pectin-treated mice showed attenuation of both the decrease in rectal temperature and increase in serum IL-6 level as compared to vehicle control mice. Simultaneously, the pectin-treated mice showed reduced levels of inflammatory cytokine mRNA in Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, but not in the spleen. Peyer's patch cells from the pectin-treated mice were sorted and their levels of IL-6 production on LPS stimulation were measured. The results of ex vivo analysis indicated that IL-6 secretion from CD11c+ cells was suppressed by oral administration of pectin. Furthermore, IL-6 secretion from Toll-like receptor (TLR)-activated RAW264.7 cells was suppressed by pretreatment with pectin in vitro. This suppression was observed even with degraded pectin pretreatment but not with polygalacturonic acid, as the principal constituent of the pectin backbone. Taken together, these results suggest that pectin intake suppresses TLR-induced inflammatory cytokine expression in Peyer's patch myeloid cells, presumably through inhibition of TLR signaling by the pectin side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Ishisono
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomio Yabe
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University (G-CHAIN), Gifu, Japan
| | - Kohji Kitaguchi
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
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15
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Rossetti CA, Drake KL, Lawhon SD, Nunes JS, Gull T, Khare S, Adams LG. Systems Biology Analysis of Temporal In vivo Brucella melitensis and Bovine Transcriptomes Predicts host:Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1275. [PMID: 28798726 PMCID: PMC5529337 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, fewer than 200 gene-products have been identified as Brucella virulence factors, and most were characterized individually without considering how they are temporally and coordinately expressed or secreted during the infection process. Here, we describe and analyze the in vivo temporal transcriptional profile of Brucella melitensis during the initial 4 h interaction with cattle. Pathway analysis revealed an activation of the "Two component system" providing evidence that the in vivo Brucella sense and actively regulate their metabolism through the transition to an intracellular lifestyle. Contrarily, other Brucella pathways involved in virulence such as "ABC transporters" and "T4SS system" were repressed suggesting a silencing strategy to avoid stimulation of the host innate immune response very early in the infection process. Also, three flagellum-encoded loci (BMEII0150-0168, BMEII1080-1089, and BMEII1105-1114), the "flagellar assembly" pathway and the cell components "bacterial-type flagellum hook" and "bacterial-type flagellum" were repressed in the tissue-associated B. melitensis, while RopE1 sigma factor, a flagellar repressor, was activated throughout the experiment. These results support the idea that Brucella employ a stealthy strategy at the onset of the infection of susceptible hosts. Further, through systems-level in silico host:pathogen protein-protein interactions simulation and correlation of pathogen gene expression with the host gene perturbations, we identified unanticipated interactions such as VirB11::MAPK8IP1; BtaE::NFKBIA, and 22 kDa OMP precursor::BAD and MAP2K3. These findings are suggestive of new virulence factors and mechanisms responsible for Brucella evasion of the host's protective immune response and the capability to maintain a dormant state. The predicted protein-protein interactions and the points of disruption provide novel insights that will stimulate advanced hypothesis-driven approaches toward revealing a clearer understanding of new virulence factors and mechanisms influencing the pathogenesis of brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Rossetti
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Sara D Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, United States
| | - Jairo S Nunes
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, United States
| | - Tamara Gull
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, United States
| | - Sangeeta Khare
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, United States
| | - Leslie G Adams
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, United States
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16
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Hiyama S, Iijima H, Kawai S, Mukai A, Shiraishi E, Iwatani S, Yamaguchi T, Araki M, Hayashi Y, Shinzaki S, Mizushima T, Tsujii M, Takehara T. Narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy for Peyer's patches is useful in predicting the recurrence of remissive patients with ulcerative colitis. Intest Res 2016; 14:314-321. [PMID: 27799882 PMCID: PMC5083260 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2016.14.4.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Peyer's patches (PPs) are aggregates of lymphoid follicles that are mainly located in the distal ileum; they play a major role in mucosal immunity. We recently reported that patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have alterations in PPs that can be detected using narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy (NBI-ME). However, the usefulness of NBI-ME in UC treatment as a whole is still unknown. Methods We collected NBI-ME images of PPs from 67 UC patients who had undergone ileocolonoscopy. We evaluated changes in the villi using the "villi index," which is based on three categories: irregular formation, hyperemia, and altered vascular network pattern. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of villi index: low (L)- and high (H)-types. We then determined the correlation between morphological alteration of the PPs and various clinical characteristics. In 52 patients who were in clinical remission, we also analyzed the correlation between NBI-ME findings of PPs and clinical recurrence. Results The time to clinical recurrence was significantly shorter in remissive UC patients with H-type PPs than in those with L-type PPs (P<0.01). Moreover, PP alterations were not correlated with age, sex, disease duration, clinical activity, endoscopic score, or extent of disease involvement. Multivariate analysis revealed that the existence of H-type PPs was an independent risk factor for clinical recurrence (hazard ratio, 3.3; P<0.01). Conclusions UC patients with morphological alterations in PPs were at high risk of clinical relapse. Therefore, to predict the clinical course of UC, it may be useful to evaluate NBI-ME images of PPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.; Department of Therapeutics for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Syoichiro Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Mukai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eri Shiraishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuko Iwatani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Araki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Shinzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Therapeutics for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tsujii
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Gicheva N, Macauley MS, Arlian BM, Paulson JC, Kawasaki N. Siglec-F is a novel intestinal M cell marker. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:1-4. [PMID: 27524237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal microfold (M) cells are epithelial cells primarily present on Peyer's patches (PPs) in the small intestine. The ability of M cells to shuttle antigens into the PP for appropriate immune responses makes M cells a target for next-generation oral vaccine delivery. In this regard, discovery of M cell-specific receptors are of great interest, which could act as molecular tags for targeted delivery of cargo to M cells. Here, using a monoclonal antibody we generated to the Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin F (Siglec-F), we show that Siglec-F is expressed on mouse M cells in the small intestine. Immunohistochemical analysis of the PP tissue sections shows that Siglec-F is expressed on the surface of the M cell membrane exposed to the intestinal lumen. Anti-Siglec-F antibody injected into the mouse small intestine bound to M cells, demonstrating the potential to target M cells via Siglec-F. A new monoclonal antibody recognizing Siglec-F has been established. Siglec-F is expressed on mouse Peyer's patch microfold (M) cells. Siglec-F antibody binds to PP M cells in vivo.
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18
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Wang P, Li Y, Xiao H, Shi Y, Le GW, Sun J. Isolation of lactobacillus reuteri from Peyer's patches and their effects on sIgA production and gut microbiota diversity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2020-30. [PMID: 27030202 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201501065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE We previously reported that specific Lactobacillus reuteri colonized within mouse Peyer's patches (PP) effectively prevented high fat diet induced obesity and low-grade chronic inflammation. We further investigated the role of PP Lactobacillus reuteri on sIgA production in rats in this study. METHODS AND RESULTS Lactobacilli were isolated from rat PP. All isolates were L. reuteri and belonged to three phenotypes according to amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. Typical strains of two main clusters, PP1 and PP2, were used to treat control and vitamin A deficient (VAD) rats, respectively. The feeding of PP1 and PP2 affected sIgA and Lactobacillus diversity by strain-specific manner. Free sIgA was significantly increased by PP1 (p = 0.069) and PP2 (p < 0.05) in the control rats but not in the VAD rats. Only PP1 significantly changed PP Lactobacillus diversity in the control rats (p < 0.05). However, PP2 specifically changed ileal Lactobacillus diversity in both control and VAD rats. Fecal sIgA was correlated with PP Lactobacillus diversity (R(2) = 0.7958, p = 0.011). CONCLUSION Modulation of sIgA production by PP L. reuteri of rat is dependent on vitamin A and change of Lactobacillus diversity in PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China.,Food Nutrition and Functional Factors Research Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Ya Li
- Food Nutrition and Functional Factors Research Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yonghui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China.,Food Nutrition and Functional Factors Research Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Guo-Wei Le
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China.,Food Nutrition and Functional Factors Research Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Jin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China. .,Food Nutrition and Functional Factors Research Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China.
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19
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Nakato G, Hase K, Ohno H. Distinct microRNA expression profiles in follicle-associated epithelium and villous epithelium. Genom Data 2015; 5:388-90. [PMID: 26484293 PMCID: PMC4583698 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
M cells in follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) covering intestinal lymphoid follicles serve as a portal of entry for particulate antigens (Kanaya and Ohno, 2014 [1]). Despite their biological significance, molecular mechanisms that govern M-cell differentiation and function have not been fully elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a role to control host gene expression profiles that modulate cellular physiology and characteristic. Many studies have shown that miRNAs regulate diverse biological processes including developmental timing, differentiation and growth control of cells and tissues (Ivey and Srivastava, 2010 [2]). miRNAs are also relevant to differentiation and function of intestinal epithelium (McKenna et al., 2010 [3]; Runtsch et al., 2014 [4]). Expression profiles and functions of miRNAs in the intestinal epithelium have been examined in jejunal and colonic mucosa [3]. In contrast, those in FAE remain uncharacterized. To address this deficiency, we isolated Peyer's Patch (PP) FAE and villous epithelium (VE) surrounding the FAE, and compared the miRNA expression profiles of FAE and VE by microarray analysis. This revealed that 43 miRNAs were up-regulated, whereas 9 miRNAs were down-regulated, in FAE compared to VE. A unique pattern of miRNA expression by FAE may reflect important diversity in cellular phenotypes and/or functional features of FAE. All microarray data has been deposited at GEO under accession number GSE46264.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Nakato
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan ; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Macpherson AJ, Köller Y, McCoy KD. The bilateral responsiveness between intestinal microbes and IgA. Trends Immunol 2015; 36:460-70. [PMID: 26169256 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The immune system has developed strategies to maintain a homeostatic relationship with the resident microbiota. IgA is central in holding this relationship, as the most dominant immunoglobulin isotype at the mucosal surface of the intestine. Recent studies report a role for IgA in shaping the composition of the intestinal microbiota and exploit strategies to characterise IgA-binding bacteria for their inflammatory potential. We review these findings here, and place them in context of the current understanding of the range of microorganisms that contribute to the IgA repertoire and the pathways that determine the quality of the IgA response. We examine why only certain intestinal microbes are coated with IgA, and discuss how understanding the determinants of this specific responsiveness may provide insight into diseases associated with dysbiosis.
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Hashiguchi M, Kashiwakura Y, Kojima H, Kobayashi A, Kanno Y, Kobata T. Peyer's patch innate lymphoid cells regulate commensal bacteria expansion. Immunol Lett 2015; 165:1-9. [PMID: 25794634 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Anatomical containment of commensal bacteria in the intestinal mucosa is promoted by innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). However, the mechanism by which ILCs regulate bacterial localization to specific regions remains unknown. Here we show that Peyer's patch (PP) ILCs robustly produce IL-22 and IFN-γ in the absence of exogenous stimuli. Antibiotic treatment of mice decreased both IL-22+ and IFN-γ+ cells in PPs. Blockade of both IL-2 and IL-23 signaling in vitro lowered IL-22 and IFN-γ production. PP ILCs induced mRNA expression of the antibacterial proteins RegIIIβ and RegIIIγ in intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, in vivo depletion of ILCs rather than T cells altered bacterial composition and allowed bacterial proliferation in PPs. Collectively, our results show that ILCs regulate the expansion of commensal bacteria in PPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Hashiguchi
- Department of Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Yuji Kashiwakura
- Department of Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Kojima
- Department of Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Ayano Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kanno
- Department of Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Kobata
- Department of Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
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Sakhon OS, Ross B, Gusti V, Pham AJ, Vu K, Lo DD. M cell-derived vesicles suggest a unique pathway for trans-epithelial antigen delivery. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e1004975. [PMID: 25838974 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2015.1004975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
M cells are a subset of mucosal epithelial cells with specialized capability to transport antigens across the mucosal barrier, but there is limited information on antigen transfer in the subepithelial zone due to the challenges in tracking microparticles and antigens that are transcytosed by this unique cell. Using transgenic reporter mice expressing dsRed in the cytoplasm of M cells and EGFP in myeloid cells, we observed that the M cell basolateral pocket hosts a close interaction between B lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Interestingly, we identified a population of previously undescribed M cell-derived vesicles (MCM) that are constitutively shed into the subepithelial space and readily taken up by CX3CR1(+)CD11b(+) CD11c(+) dendritic cells. These MCM are characterized by their cytoplasmic dsRed confirming their origin from the M cell cytoplasm. MCM showed preferential colocalization in dendritic cells with transcytosed bacteria but not transcytosed polystyrene beads, indicating a selective sorting of cargo fate in the subepithelial zone. The size and number of MCM were found to be upregulated by bacterial transcytosis and soluble toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist, further pointing to dynamic regulation of this mechanism. These results suggest that MCM provide a unique function by delivering to dendritic cells, various materials such as M cell-derived proteins, effector proteins, toxins, and particles found in the M cell cytoplasm during infection or surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia S Sakhon
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; School of Medicine ; University of California , Riverside; Riverside, CA USA
| | - Brittany Ross
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; School of Medicine ; University of California , Riverside; Riverside, CA USA
| | - Veronica Gusti
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; School of Medicine ; University of California , Riverside; Riverside, CA USA
| | - An Joseph Pham
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; School of Medicine ; University of California , Riverside; Riverside, CA USA
| | - Kathy Vu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; School of Medicine ; University of California , Riverside; Riverside, CA USA
| | - David D Lo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; School of Medicine ; University of California , Riverside; Riverside, CA USA
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23
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Kolesnikov M, Farache J, Shakhar G. Intravital two-photon imaging of the gastrointestinal tract. J Immunol Methods 2015; 421:73-80. [PMID: 25801674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Live imaging of the gastrointestinal tract with two-photon microscopy (TPM) has proven to be a useful tool for mucosal immunologists. It provides deep penetration of live tissues with reduced phototoxicity and photobleaching and thus excels in deciphering dynamic immunological processes that require cell motility and last minutes through hours. The few studies that employed this technique in the gut have uncovered new aspects of mucosal immunity. They focused mainly on adaptive immunity in the small intestine and exposed the details of important interactions among several epithelial and hematopoietic cell types. TPM can be employed either on explanted tissue or intravitally, as has been practiced in our lab. Intravital TPM preserves physiological conditions more faithfully, but it is a demanding technique that requires dedicated personnel. To achieve success, the peristaltic motility of the intestine must be curbed, surgical and photonic damage must be minimized, and tissue degradation must be delayed and controlled for. Here we briefly review published studies that employed intravital TPM in the gut, describe our own technique for imaging the intestinal Peyer's patches (PPs) and villi, and present some observations we made using this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masha Kolesnikov
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Julia Farache
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guy Shakhar
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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Abstract
During the course of evolution, animals encountered the harmful effects of fungi, which are strong pathogens. Therefore, they have developed powerful mechanisms to protect themselves against these fungal invaders. β-Glucans are glucose polymers of a linear β(1,3)-glucan backbone with β(1,6)-linked side chains. The immunostimulatory and antitumor activities of β-glucans have been reported; however, their mechanisms have only begun to be elucidated. Fungal and particulate β-glucans, despite their large size, can be taken up by the M cells of Peyer's patches, and interact with macrophages or dendritic cells (DCs) and activate systemic immune responses to overcome the fungal infection. The sampled β-glucans function as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on innate immune cells. Dectin-1 receptor systems have been incorporated as the PRRs of β-glucans in the innate immune cells of higher animal systems, which function on the front line against fungal infection, and have been exploited in cancer treatments to enhance systemic immune function. Dectin-1 on macrophages and DCs performs dual functions: internalization of β-glucan-containing particles and transmittance of its signals into the nucleus. This review will depict in detail how the physicochemical nature of β-glucan contributes to its immunostimulating effect in hosts and the potential uses of β-glucan by elucidating the dectin-1 signal transduction pathway. The elucidation of β-glucan and its signaling pathway will undoubtedly open a new research area on its potential therapeutic applications, including as immunostimulants for antifungal and anti-cancer regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainkhuu Batbayar
- Department of Life Sciences, BK21 Cellular Stress Team, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea
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25
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Abstract
The increase in the incidence of food allergy is a growing problem for the western world. This review will focus on the findings from several macromolecular epithelial transport experiments and drug permeability studies to provide a recent comprehension of food allergen intestinal epithelial cell transport and the allergen-epithelial relationship. Specifically, this review will aim to answer whether allergens can permeate the intestinal barrier directly via intestinal epithelial cells, and whether this mode of transport affects downstream immune reactions. By improving our understanding of the interactions which take place during exposure of food allergens with the intestinal epithelium, we can begin to understand whether the epithelial barrier plays a major role in the allergic sensitization process rather than simply restricting the entry of allergens to the underlying lamina propria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwan Price
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia. ; NeuroAllergy Research Laboratory, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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Kim SH, Yang IY, Jang SH, Kim J, Truong TT, Van Pham T, Truong NU, Lee KY, Jang YS. C5a receptor-targeting ligand-mediated delivery of dengue virus antigen to M cells evokes antigen-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses in oral immunization. Microbes Infect 2013; 15:895-902. [PMID: 23892099 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucosal immunization is a feasible and economic vaccination strategy. In order to achieve a successful oral mucosal vaccination, antigen delivery to gut immune inductive site and avoidance of oral tolerance induction should be secured. One promising approach is exploring the specific molecules expressed on the apical surfaces of M cells that have potential for antigen uptake and immune stimulation. We previously identified complement 5a receptor (C5aR) expression on human M-like cells and mouse M cells and confirmed its non-redundant role as a target receptor for antigen delivery to M cells using a model antigen. Here, we applied the OmpH ligand, which is capable of targeting the ligand-conjugated antigen to M cells to induce specific mucosal and systemic immunities against the EDIII of dengue virus (DENV). Oral immunization with the EDIII-OmpH efficiently targeted the EDIII to M cells and induced EDIII-specific immune responses comparable to those induced by co-administration of EDIII with cholera toxin (CT). Also, the enhanced responses by OmpH were characterized as Th2-skewed responses. Moreover, oral immunization using EDIII-OmpH did not induce systemic tolerance against EDIII. Collectively, we suggest that OmpH-mediated targeting of antigens to M cells could be used for an efficient oral vaccination against DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Hae Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
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Comerford I, Harata-Lee Y, Bunting MD, Gregor C, Kara EE, McColl SR. A myriad of functions and complex regulation of the CCR7/CCL19/CCL21 chemokine axis in the adaptive immune system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:269-83. [PMID: 23587803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR7 and its ligands CCL19 and CCL21 control a diverse array of migratory events in adaptive immune function. Most prominently, CCR7 promotes homing of T cells and DCs to T cell areas of lymphoid tissues where T cell priming occurs. However, CCR7 and its ligands also contribute to a multitude of adaptive immune functions including thymocyte development, secondary lymphoid organogenesis, high affinity antibody responses, regulatory and memory T cell function, and lymphocyte egress from tissues. In this survey, we summarise the role of CCR7 in adaptive immunity and describe recent progress in understanding how this axis is regulated. In particular we highlight CCX-CKR, which scavenges both CCR7 ligands, and discuss its emerging significance in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Comerford
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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Deng ZY, Guo GH, Yang Y, Zhao XL, Cui Q. Effect of early enteral immunonutrition on the secretion of TH1/TH2 cytokines in Peyer's patches of scalded rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:2359-2364. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i22.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the changes in the secretion of TH1/TH2 cytokines in Peyer's patches of scalded rats after enteral nutrition supplementation.
METHODS: Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into EN group (n = 32) and EIN group (n = 32). Rats were subjected to a 30% TBSA III degree scald injury. The EN group was given standard enteral nutrition (Nutrison Multi Fibre), while the EIN group was given enteral immunonutrition. Peyer's patches were excised to isolate lymphocytes to determine the changes in the secretion of TH1/TH2 cytokines.
RESULTS: On day 1 after scalding, the concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-γ released from Peyer's patch lymphocytes were significantly higher in the two experimental groups compared with pre-scald values (19.7 ± 7.3 vs 92.6 ±21.3 and 97.6 ± 25.4; 63.7 ± 27.3 vs 279.4 ± 89.7 and 292.7 ± 97.4; all P < 0.01). On day 10, the concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-γ released from Peyer's patch lymphocytes were significantly lower in the EIN group than in the EN group (41.6 ± 16.5 vs 55.9 ± 14.4; 71.6 ± 26.9 vs 104.3 ± 31.7; both P < 0.01 or 0.05). The concentrations of IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly higher in the EIN group than in the EN group on days 4, 7 and 10.
CONCLUSION: The expression of Th1 cytokines is up-regulated in Peyer's patches of scalded rats. Enteral immunonutrition supplementation can promote the expression of Th2 cytokines, help correct TH2/TH1 imbalance, and improve mucosal barrier function.
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Matsumoto T, Noguchi M, Hayashi O, Makino K, Yamada H. Hochuekkito, a Kampo (traditional Japanese herbal) Medicine, Enhances Mucosal IgA Antibody Response in Mice Immunized with Antigen-entrapped Biodegradable Microparticles. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2007; 7:69-77. [PMID: 18955273 PMCID: PMC2816392 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nem166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effect of oral administration of Hochuekkito (HET; Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang in Chinese), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, on mucosal IgA immune response was investigated. To induce the antigen-specific antibodies in mucosal site, ovalbumin (OVA)-entrapped biodegradable microparticles (OVA-microparticles) were used as an antigen. Mice were orally immunized with OVA-microparticles for 3 successive days with intragastric gavage. From 7 days after the onset of immunization, the mice were boosted twice a week with the same antigen for 2 weeks. HET or water alone was orally administered to the mice via the intragastric route from 7 days before to 27 days after the onset of immunization. Although no significant change in total secretory IgA antibody level was observed in intestinal and nasal washes, OVA-specific IgA titers in intestinal washes were significantly enhanced by oral administration of HET. When lymphocytes from spleen, peripheral blood and Payer's patches were investigated for cytokines production, it was found that the IFN-γ secretion from the lymphocytes was increased by the administration of HET. Microarray analysis of Peyer's patch cells revealed enhanced expression of L-selectin gene. The increase of L-selectin positive cells in B lymphocytes fraction was observed in Peyer's patch cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells by flow cytometry. These results suggest that the enhanced IFN-γ secretion and increased population of L-selectin positive B lymphocytes by orally administered HET may partly contribute to enhancement of IgA immune response against intestinal antigens, and orally administered HET may strengthen defensive systems against various pathogens and food antigens in intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Matsumoto
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Oriental Medicine Research Center, The Kitasato Institute, Tokyo 108-8642, Department of Health and Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama 350-0288 and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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