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Bao B, Wang Y, Boudreau P, Song X, Wu M, Chen X, Patik I, Tang Y, Ouahed J, Ringel A, Barends J, Wu C, Balskus E, Thiagarajah J, Liu J, Wessels MR, Lencer W, Kasper DL, An D, Horwitz B, Snapper SB. Bacterial Sphingolipids Exacerbate Colitis by Inhibiting ILC3-derived IL-22 Production. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:S2352-345X(24)00104-8. [PMID: 38704148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gut bacterial sphingolipids, primarily produced by Bacteroidetes, have dual roles as bacterial virulence factors and regulators of the host mucosal immune system, including regulatory T cells and iNKT cells. IBD patients display altered sphingolipids profiles in fecal samples. However, how bacterial sphingolipids modulate mucosal homeostasis and regulate intestinal inflammation remains unclear. METHODS We utilized DSS-induced colitis in mice mono-colonized with Bacteroides fragilis strains expressing or lacking sphingolipids to assess the influence of bacterial sphingolipids on intestinal inflammation employing transcriptional, protein, and cellular analyses. Colonic explant and organoid were used to study the function of bacterial sphingolipids. Host mucosal immune cells and cytokines were profiled and characterized using flow cytometry, ELISA, and Western Blot, and cytokine function in vivo was investigated by monoclonal antibody injection. RESULTS B. fragilis sphingolipids exacerbated intestinal inflammation. Mice mono-colonized with B. fragilis lacking sphingolipids exhibited less severe DSS-induced colitis. This amelioration of colitis was associated with increased production of interleukin-22 by ILC3. Mice colonized with B. fragilis lacking sphingolipids following DSS treatment showed enhanced epithelial STAT3 activity, intestinal cell proliferation, and antimicrobial peptide production. Protection against DSS colitis associated with B. fragilis lacking sphingolipids was reversed upon IL-22 blockade. Furthermore, bacterial sphingolipids restricted epithelial IL-18 production following DSS treatment and interfered with IL-22 production by a subset of ILC3 cells expressing both IL-18R and MHC II. CONCLUSION B. fragilis-derived sphingolipids exacerbate mucosal inflammation by impeding epithelial IL-18 expression and concomitantly suppressing the production of IL-22 by ILC3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Bao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China.
| | - Youyuan Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Pavl Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Xinyang Song
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Izabel Patik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jodie Ouahed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Amit Ringel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jared Barends
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Emily Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jay Thiagarajah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Michael R Wessels
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wayne Lencer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dennis L Kasper
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dingding An
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce Horwitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Du B, Zhang W, Shao X, An J, Ma H, Zhao X, Xu L, An D, Tian Y, Dong Y, Niu H. "Triple-low" radiation dose bronchial artery CT angiography before bronchial artery embolisation: a feasibility study. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:e1017-e1022. [PMID: 37813755 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the feasibility of a "triple-low" dose (low tube voltage, low tube current, and low contrast agent volume) bronchial artery computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA) to replace routine dose bronchial artery CTA before bronchial artery embolisation (BAE). MATERIALS AND METHODS CTA was obtained from 60 patients with body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2 using a 256 multi-section iCT system, and they were divided into two groups: (1) group A: 100 kVp, 100 mAs, 50 ml contrast medium (CM); (2) group B: 120 kVp, automatic tube current modulation (ACTM), 80 ml CM. CT attenuation of the thoracic aorta, image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated, and subjective image quality scores and traceability scores assessed. The effective radiation dose was calculated. RESULTS The radiation dose was reduced by 79.7% in group A compared to group B (p<0.05). The CT attenuation of the thoracic aorta was increased by approximately 13% in group A compared to group B (p<0.05). Higher image noise, lower SNR, and CNR were obtained in group A compared to group B (all p<0.05). Both subjective image quality scores and traceability scores did not differ between groups A and B (both p>0.05). CONCLUSION It is feasible to use the "triple-low" dose CTA protocol for patients with a body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2. The radiation dose was reduced by 79.7%, and the dose of contrast medium was reduced by 37.5% to ensure the diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Du
- Department of Radiology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - W Zhang
- Chengde Medical University, Anyuan Road, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - X Shao
- Department of Radiology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - J An
- Department of Interventional Treatment, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066099, Hebei, China
| | - H Ma
- Chengde Medical University, Anyuan Road, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - X Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - L Xu
- Department of Radiology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - D An
- Department of Interventional Treatment, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066099, Hebei, China
| | - Y Tian
- Department of Interventional Treatment, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066099, Hebei, China
| | - Y Dong
- Department of Interventional Treatment, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066099, Hebei, China
| | - H Niu
- Department of Interventional Treatment, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066099, Hebei, China.
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Luo J, Chen Z, Castellano D, Bao B, Han W, Li J, Kim G, An D, Lu W, Wu C. Lipids regulate peripheral serotonin release via gut CD1d. Immunity 2023; 56:1533-1547.e7. [PMID: 37354904 PMCID: PMC10527042 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The crosstalk between the immune and neuroendocrine systems is critical for intestinal homeostasis and gut-brain communications. However, it remains unclear how immune cells participate in gut sensation of hormones and neurotransmitters release in response to environmental cues, such as self-lipids and microbial lipids. We show here that lipid-mediated engagement of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells with enterochromaffin (EC) cells, a subset of intestinal epithelial cells, promoted peripheral serotonin (5-HT) release via a CD1d-dependent manner, regulating gut motility and hemostasis. We also demonstrated that inhibitory sphingolipids from symbiotic microbe Bacteroides fragilis represses 5-HT release. Mechanistically, CD1d ligation on EC cells transduced a signal and restrained potassium conductance through activation of protein tyrosine kinase Pyk2, leading to calcium influx and 5-HT secretion. Together, our data reveal that by engaging with iNKT cells, gut chemosensory cells selectively perceive lipid antigens via CD1d to control 5-HT release, modulating intestinal and systemic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialie Luo
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zuojia Chen
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Castellano
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bin Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenyan Han
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Girak Kim
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dingding An
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Morgan WH, Khoo J, Vukmirovic A, Abdul-Rahman A, An D, Mehnert A, Obreschkow D, Chowdhury E, Yu DY. Correlation between retinal vein pulse amplitude, estimated intracranial pressure, and postural change. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:28. [PMID: 37002218 PMCID: PMC10066386 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is common amongst astronauts on long duration space missions and is associated with signs consistent with elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. Additionally, CSF pressure has been found to be elevated in a significant proportion of astronauts in whom lumbar puncture was performed after successful mission completion. We have developed a retinal photoplethysmographic technique to measure retinal vein pulsation amplitudes. This technique has enabled the development of a non-invasive CSF pressure measurement apparatus. We tested the system on healthy volunteers in the sitting and supine posture to mimic the range of tilt table extremes and estimated the induced CSF pressure change using measurements from the CSF hydrostatic indifferent point. We found a significant relationship between pulsation amplitude change and estimated CSF pressure change (p < 0.0001) across a range from 2.7 to 7.1 mmHg. The increase in pulse amplitude was highest in the sitting posture with greater estimated CSF pressure increase (p < 0.0001), in keeping with physiologically predicted CSF pressure response. This technique may be useful for non-invasive measurement of CSF pressure fluctuations during long-term space voyages.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Morgan
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
- International Space Centre, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - J Khoo
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - A Vukmirovic
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- International Space Centre, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - A Abdul-Rahman
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Counties Manukau DHB, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - D An
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - A Mehnert
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- International Space Centre, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - D Obreschkow
- International Space Centre, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), M468, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - E Chowdhury
- International Space Centre, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Information Technology, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - D Y Yu
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Soares A, Edwards A, An D, Bagnoud A, Bradley J, Barnhart E, Bomberg M, Budwill K, Caffrey SM, Fields M, Gralnick J, Kadnikov V, Momper L, Osburn M, Mu A, Moreau JW, Moser D, Purkamo L, Rassner SM, Sheik CS, Sherwood Lollar B, Toner BM, Voordouw G, Wouters K, Mitchell AC. A global perspective on bacterial diversity in the terrestrial deep subsurface. Microbiology (Reading) 2023; 169:001172. [PMID: 36748549 PMCID: PMC9993121 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
While recent efforts to catalogue Earth's microbial diversity have focused upon surface and marine habitats, 12-20 % of Earth's biomass is suggested to exist in the terrestrial deep subsurface, compared to ~1.8 % in the deep subseafloor. Metagenomic studies of the terrestrial deep subsurface have yielded a trove of divergent and functionally important microbiomes from a range of localities. However, a wider perspective of microbial diversity and its relationship to environmental conditions within the terrestrial deep subsurface is still required. Our meta-analysis reveals that terrestrial deep subsurface microbiota are dominated by Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes, probably as a function of the diverse metabolic strategies of these taxa. Evidence was also found for a common small consortium of prevalent Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria operational taxonomic units across the localities. This implies a core terrestrial deep subsurface community, irrespective of aquifer lithology, depth and other variables, that may play an important role in colonizing and sustaining microbial habitats in the deep terrestrial subsurface. An in silico contamination-aware approach to analysing this dataset underscores the importance of downstream methods for assuring that robust conclusions can be reached from deep subsurface-derived sequencing data. Understanding the global panorama of microbial diversity and ecological dynamics in the deep terrestrial subsurface provides a first step towards understanding the role of microbes in global subsurface element and nutrient cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Soares
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University (AU), Aberystwyth, UK
- Institute of Biology, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), AU, Aberystwyth, UK
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Present address: Group for Aquatic Microbial Ecology (GAME), University of Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen - Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - A. Edwards
- Institute of Biology, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), AU, Aberystwyth, UK
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology (iCEM), AU, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - D. An
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - A. Bagnoud
- Institut de Génie Thermique (IGT), Haute École d'Ingénierie et de Gestion du Canton de Vaud (HEIG-VD), Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | - J. Bradley
- School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - E. Barnhart
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), USA, Reston, VA, USA
- Center for Biofilm Engineering (CBE), Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - M. Bomberg
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland
| | | | | | - M. Fields
- Center for Biofilm Engineering (CBE), Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, MSU, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - J. Gralnick
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - V. Kadnikov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - L. Momper
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (DEAPS), The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M. Osburn
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - A. Mu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Doherty Applied Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J. W. Moreau
- School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - D. Moser
- Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute (DRI), Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - L. Purkamo
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences (SEES), University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
- Geological Survey of Finland (GTK), Finland
| | - S. M. Rassner
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University (AU), Aberystwyth, UK
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology (iCEM), AU, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - C. S. Sheik
- Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
| | | | - B. M. Toner
- Department of Soil, Water & Climate, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - G. Voordouw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - K. Wouters
- Institute for Environment, Health and Safety (EHS), Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - A. C. Mitchell
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University (AU), Aberystwyth, UK
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology (iCEM), AU, Aberystwyth, UK
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Shi J, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Yin X, An D, Zhang J, Cheng J, Wang Y, Zhao A, Di W, Campo R, Bigatti G. Intrauterine Bigatti Shaver (IBS ® ) successful placental remnants removal, after caesarean section for a cervical pregnancy with placenta accreta. Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2022; 14:95-98. [PMID: 35373555 PMCID: PMC9612859 DOI: 10.52054/fvvo.14.1.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta accreta located in a caesarean section scar is difficult to remove. The Intrauterine Bigatti Shaver (IBS®) has already been proven to be effective in placental remnant removal. Our case report highlights that the IBS® is also a safe method to remove placental remnants attached to a previous caesarean section scar performed for a cervical pregnancy and associated with placenta accreta.
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Chen Z, Luo J, Li J, Kim G, Chen ES, Xiao S, Snapper SB, Bao B, An D, Blumberg RS, Lin CH, Wang S, Zhong J, Liu K, Li Q, Wu C, Kuchroo VK. Foxo1 controls gut homeostasis and commensalism by regulating mucus secretion. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210324. [PMID: 34287641 PMCID: PMC8424467 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus produced by goblet cells in the gastrointestinal tract forms a biological barrier that protects the intestine from invasion by commensals and pathogens. However, the host-derived regulatory network that controls mucus secretion and thereby changes gut microbiota has not been well studied. Here, we identify that Forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1) regulates mucus secretion by goblet cells and determines intestinal homeostasis. Loss of Foxo1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) results in defects in goblet cell autophagy and mucus secretion, leading to an impaired gut microenvironment and dysbiosis. Subsequently, due to changes in microbiota and disruption in microbiome metabolites of short-chain fatty acids, Foxo1 deficiency results in altered organization of tight junction proteins and enhanced susceptibility to intestinal inflammation. Our study demonstrates that Foxo1 is crucial for IECs to establish commensalism and maintain intestinal barrier integrity by regulating goblet cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuojia Chen
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jialie Luo
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jian Li
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Girak Kim
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Eric S. Chen
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Scott B. Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Bin Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Dingding An
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Richard S. Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Cheng-hui Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Sui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Jiaxin Zhong
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kuai Liu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chuan Wu
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Vijay K. Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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Pan L, An D, Zhu W. Sorghum as a dietary substitute for corn reduces the activities of digestive enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Singh J, Truong TN, An D, Prajapati MR, Manav A, Quoc NB, A KR, Kumar P, Kumar R, Baranwal VK. Complete genome sequence and genetic organization of a Garlic virus D infecting garlic (Allium sativum) from northern India. Acta Virol 2021; 64:427-432. [PMID: 33112640 DOI: 10.4149/av_2020_405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present paper describes first full genome sequence of the Garlic virus D (GarV-D) from northern India with a genome size of 8425 bp long ssRNA. The infected leaves and bulbs of garlic variety Yamuna Safed (G-282) plants suspected for GarV-D infection were collected with the aim to identify contagion virus during March, 2018. The total RNA was extracted from the pooled garlic plants using TRIzol reagent and sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. BLASTn search in the NCBI database identified contagion as GarV-D (MK518067). It shared 83.63-85.83% nucleotide sequence identities with other (GarV-D) isolates from Argentina (KF550407, KF555653, KR819505) and 83.15% with isolates from China (MF795136, MF363012). Keywords: Allium sativum; Allexivirus; Garlic virus D; India.
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Li B, Cao Q, An D. PO-1526: a radiomics signature to predict response of chemoradiotherapy in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liu ZZ, Wang XT, Liu XC, Wang ZY, An D, Jia CX. [Non-suicidal self-injury and exposure to suicidal behaviors among Chinese adolescents: a longitudinal study]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020; 40:1573-1577. [PMID: 32062918 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents appeared prevalent and multifactorial. This study was to examine the associations between exposure to suicidal behaviors and NSSI in the Chinese adolescents. Methods: Participants included for analyses were 5 154 adolescent students who participated in the baseline survey in 2015 and the first follow-up survey in 2016 of the Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort, but with no history of NSSI at the baseline survey. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, behavioral and emotional problems, lifetime and last-year NSSI. Data on the history of exposure to suicide attempt or death of a family member, friend, or close acquaintance were also collected. Multivariate logistic regression methods were used to examine the associations between exposure to suicidal behaviors and NSSI. Results: In the baseline survey, mean age of the 5 154 participants was (14.49±1.48) years, with 48.5% of the participants as girls. Of the participants, 9.0% reported having been exposed to suicidal behaviors, including 6.0% reported to suicide attempt, 4.9% to suicide death, 7.3% to suicidal behaviors of friends/close acquaintances, and 3.1% to suicidal behaviors of relatives. The prevalence rates of NSSI in the last year were significantly higher in adolescents who had been exposed to suicidal behaviors than those who had not (P<0.05). Results from the multivariate logistic regressions showed that exposure to suicide death (OR=1.91, 95%CI: 1.22-3.01) or to suicidal behaviors of relatives (OR=1.79, 95%CI: 1.02-3.12) were both significantly associated with the increased risk of NSSI. Conclusions: Experiences related to exposure to suicide-death or suicidal behaviors of relatives were associated with increased risk of NSSI in adolescents. After the suicide events, psychological counseling and health education programs set for high-risk groups were helpful in promoting physical and mental health and preventing the attempt of self-injury in teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Z Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Shandong University School of Public Health, Jinan 250012, China
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Lai NY, Musser MA, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Baral P, Jacobson A, Ma P, Potts DE, Chen Z, Paik D, Soualhi S, Yan Y, Misra A, Goldstein K, Lagomarsino VN, Nordstrom A, Sivanathan KN, Wallrapp A, Kuchroo VK, Nowarski R, Starnbach MN, Shi H, Surana NK, An D, Wu C, Huh JR, Rao M, Chiu IM. Gut-Innervating Nociceptor Neurons Regulate Peyer's Patch Microfold Cells and SFB Levels to Mediate Salmonella Host Defense. Cell 2020; 180:33-49.e22. [PMID: 31813624 PMCID: PMC6954329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gut-innervating nociceptor sensory neurons respond to noxious stimuli by initiating protective responses including pain and inflammation; however, their role in enteric infections is unclear. Here, we find that nociceptor neurons critically mediate host defense against the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm). Dorsal root ganglia nociceptors protect against STm colonization, invasion, and dissemination from the gut. Nociceptors regulate the density of microfold (M) cells in ileum Peyer's patch (PP) follicle-associated epithelia (FAE) to limit entry points for STm invasion. Downstream of M cells, nociceptors maintain levels of segmentous filamentous bacteria (SFB), a gut microbe residing on ileum villi and PP FAE that mediates resistance to STm infection. TRPV1+ nociceptors directly respond to STm by releasing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide that modulates M cells and SFB levels to protect against Salmonella infection. These findings reveal a major role for nociceptor neurons in sensing and defending against enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Y Lai
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melissa A Musser
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Pankaj Baral
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Jacobson
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pingchuan Ma
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David E Potts
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zuojia Chen
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Donggi Paik
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Salima Soualhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yiqing Yan
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aditya Misra
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaitlin Goldstein
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Anja Nordstrom
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kisha N Sivanathan
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Antonia Wallrapp
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roni Nowarski
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Hailian Shi
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Neeraj K Surana
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dingding An
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chuan Wu
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jun R Huh
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meenakshi Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Tilz R, Lyan E, Heeger C, Fink T, Liosis S, Brueggemann B, Meyer-Sarai R, Sano M, An D, Eitel C, Vogler J. P343Comparison of Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation Ablation (FIRM) only versus second-generation cyroballoon ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Rotors have been postulated to be a major driver of atrial fibrillation (AF). Initial studies demonstrated, that focal impulse and rotor modulation (FIRM) might be an effective therapy for the treatment of paroxysmal AF (PAF). However, data about FIRM-guided ablation strategies without PVI is sparse.
Objective
To compare the safety and efficacy of FIRM-guided catheter ablation (without PVI; FIRM arm) and second generation cryoballoon (CB2, CB2 arm) based PVI in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) and de-novo catheter ablation of AF.
Methods
In this retrospective single-center study patients with PAF undergoing de-novo ablation of PAF between February 2016 and January 2017 were enrolled. Patients treated with FIRM-guided AF ablation as a standalone therapy without PVI were included and compared with patients undergoing CB2 based PVI. All patients in the FIRM arm were part of the randomized multicenter FIRMAP AF trial (results of this trial will be presented at this meeting). In patients undergoing FIRM-guided ablation, 3D electroanatomical mapping of both atria was performed. Rotor mapping using FIRM technology was conducted in spontaneous or induced AF. The procedural endpoint was the elimination of all rotors and focal impulses; no PVI was performed in those patients. In the CB2 arm, CB based PVI with the procedural endpoint of isolation of all veins was performed. Procedural data and arrhythmia-free survival after 12 months were compared.
Results
FIRM-guided and CB2 based AF ablation was performed in 22 and 86 patients, respectively. Follow up was completed in 20 and 79 patients LA diameter differed between groups. Otherwise, baseline characteristics did not differ between the FIRM group (mean age 60±11 years, 59.1% males) and the CB2 group (mean age 62±13, 62.4% male).
Arrhythmia-free survival including a 90-day blanking period was 25.0% (15/20) in the FIRM group and 86.1% (11/79) in the CB2 PVI group (p=0.000; Figure 1). Procedure duration was significantly longer in the FIRM group (152 [120; 176] minutes) compared to the CB2 PVI group (122 [110; 145] minutes) (p=0.031), whereas radiation dose was lower in the FIRM group (1266 [1027; 2281] cGy·cm2 vs. 3020 [1677; 4215] cGy·cm2). Adverse events (groin complications) occurred in 1 patient (1.2%) in the CB2 PVI group and 5 patients (22.7%) in the FIRM group.
Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier-survival curve dem
Conclusion
De novo ablation of PAF using a FIRM-guided AF ablation only (without PVI) is associated with poor arrhythmia-free survival after 12 months compared to CB2 PVI. These results underline the importance of PVI as the first-line approach in catheter ablation of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tilz
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - E Lyan
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - C Heeger
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - T Fink
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - S Liosis
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | | | - M Sano
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - D An
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - C Eitel
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - J Vogler
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
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Lakes A, Gauny S, An D, Rees J, Ansoborlo C, Sisodiya V, Mcknight K, Abergel R. Ac-225 vs Lu-177 radioimmunoconjugates in vitro and in vivo. Nucl Med Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(19)30230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Tang Y, An D, Xiao Y, Niu R, Tong X, Liu W, Zhao L, Gong Q, Zhou D. Cortical thinning in epilepsy patients with postictal generalized electroencephalography suppression. Eur J Neurol 2018; 26:191-197. [PMID: 30153362 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim was to investigate the brain microstructural abnormalities in epilepsy patients with postictal generalized electroencephalographic suppression (PGES) using a cortical surface-based analysis. METHODS According to the video-electroencephalography records of epilepsy patients with generalized convulsive seizures, 30 patients with PGES (PGES+) and 21 patients without PGES (PGES-) were recruited. High-resolution T1-weighted images were acquired from each patient and 30 matched healthy control subjects. Cortical thickness was compared amongst the three groups using FreeSurfer software. RESULTS Patients with PGES showed reduced cortical thickness in the right paracentral lobule, inferior parietal lobule, supramarginal gyrus and middle temporal lobe compared with patients without PGES. In relation to healthy control subjects, the PGES+ group presented reduced cortical thickness in the right superior parietal lobule and supramarginal gyrus, whilst the PGES- group presented reduced cortical thickness in the left precuneus, precentral gyrus, lateral occipital gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, superior parietal lobule and right caudal middle frontal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PGES exhibited characteristic brain microstructural abnormalities, corroborating the PGES mechanisms at the brain level. The right-sided predominance of the detected PGES-related cortical thinning was the same as that of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) cases and patients at high risk for SUDEP, implying that PGES and SUDEP may share a common abnormal brain substrate that is involved in the pathophysiology of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D An
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R Niu
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Tong
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Zhao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Gong
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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17
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Shen Y, Agrawal A, Suri NK, An D, Voordouw JK, Clark RG, Jack TR, Miner K, Pederzolli R, Benko A, Voordouw G. Control of microbial sulfide production by limiting sulfate dispersal in a water-injected oil field. J Biotechnol 2018; 266:14-19. [PMID: 29197544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oil production by water injection often involves the use of makeup water to replace produced oil. Sulfate in makeup water is reduced by sulfate-reducing bacteria to sulfide, a process referred to as souring. In the MHGC field souring was caused by using makeup water with 4mM (384ppm) sulfate. Mixing with sulfate-free produced water gave injection water with 0.8mM sulfate. This was amended with nitrate to limit souring and was then distributed fieldwide. The start-up of an enhanced-oil-recovery pilot caused all sulfate-containing makeup water to be used for dissolution of polymer, which was then injected into a limited region of the field. Produced water from this pilot contained 10% of the injected sulfate concentration as sulfide, but was free of sulfate. Its use as makeup water in the main water plant of the field caused injection water sulfate to drop to zero. This in turn strongly decreased produced sulfide concentrations throughout the field and allowed a decreased injection of nitrate. The decreased injection of sulfate and nitrate caused major changes in the microbial community of produced waters. Limiting sulfate dispersal into a reservoir, which acts as a sulfate-removing biofilter, is thus a powerful method to decrease souring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - A Agrawal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - N K Suri
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - D An
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - J K Voordouw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - R G Clark
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - T R Jack
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - K Miner
- Baker Hughes, Redcliff, AB, T0J 2P0, Canada
| | | | - A Benko
- Enerplus Corporation, Calgary, AB, T2P 2Z1, Canada
| | - G Voordouw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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18
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Liu W, Hu X, An D, Gong Q, Zhou D. Disrupted intrinsic and remote functional connectivity in heterotopia-related epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand 2018; 137:109-116. [PMID: 28875535 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several neuroimaging studies have examined neural interactions in patients with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH). However, features of the underlying functional network remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined alterations in the local (regional) and remote (interregional) cerebral networks in this disorder. METHODS Twenty-eight subjects all having suffered from PNH with epilepsy, as well as 28 age- and sex- matched healthy controls, were enrolled in this study. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) were calculated to detect regional neural function and functional network integration, respectively. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, patients with PNH-related epilepsy showed decreased ALFF in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and precuneus areas. ALFF values in both areas were negative correlated with epilepsy duration (P < .05, Bonferroni-corrected). Furthermore, patients with PNH-related epilepsy had increased remote interregional FC mainly in bilateral prefrontal and parietal cortices, supramarginal gyrus, dorsal cingulate gyrus, and right insula; lower FC was found in posterior brain regions including bilateral parahippocampal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Focal spontaneous hypofunction, as assessed by ALFF, correlates with epilepsy duration in patients with PNH-related epilepsy. Abnormalities existed both within the default-mode network and then across the whole brain, demonstrating that intrinsic brain dysfunction may be related to specific network interactions. Our findings provide novel understanding of the connectivity-based pathophysiological mechanisms of PNH.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Liu
- Departments of Neurology; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - X. Hu
- Departments of Radiology; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC); West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - D. An
- Departments of Neurology; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Q. Gong
- Departments of Radiology; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC); West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - D. Zhou
- Departments of Neurology; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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Liu W, Yan B, An D, Niu R, Tang Y, Tong X, Gong Q, Zhou D. Perilesional and contralateral white matter evolution and integrity in patients with periventricular nodular heterotopia and epilepsy: a longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:1471-1478. [PMID: 28872216 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the evolution of perinodular and contralateral white matter abnormalities in patients with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) and epilepsy. METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) (64 directions) and 3 T structural magnetic resonance imaging were performed in 29 PNH patients (mean age 27.3 years), and 16 patients underwent a second scan (average time between the two scans 1.1 years). Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity were measured within the perilesional and contralateral white matter. RESULTS Longitudinal analysis showed that white matter located 10 mm from the focal nodule displayed characteristics intermediate to tissue 5 mm away, and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) also established evolution profiles of perinodular white matter in different cortical lobes. Compared to 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, significant decreased fractional anisotropy and elevated mean diffusivity values were observed in regions 5 and 10 mm from nodules (P < 0.01), whilst DTI metrics of the remaining NAWM did not differ significantly from controls. Additionally, normal DTI metrics were shown in the contralateral region in patients with unilateral PNH. CONCLUSIONS Periventricular nodular heterotopia is associated with microstructural abnormalities within the perilesional white matter and the extent decreases with increasing distance from the nodule. In the homologous contralateral region, white matter diffusion metrics were unchanged in unilateral PNH. These findings have clinical implications with respect to the medical and surgical interventions of PNH-related epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- Departments of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - B Yan
- Departments of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - D An
- Departments of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - R Niu
- Departments of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Tang
- Departments of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Tong
- Departments of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q Gong
- Departments of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - D Zhou
- Departments of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Afdhal N, Everson GT, Calleja JL, McCaughan GW, Bosch J, Brainard DM, McHutchison JG, De-Oertel S, An D, Charlton M, Reddy KR, Asselah T, Gane E, Curry MP, Forns X. Effect of viral suppression on hepatic venous pressure gradient in hepatitis C with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24:823-831. [PMID: 28295923 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Portal hypertension is a predictor of liver-related clinical events and mortality in patients with hepatitis C and cirrhosis. The effect of interferon-free hepatitis C treatment on portal pressure is unknown. Fifty patients with Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CPT) A and B cirrhosis and portal hypertension (hepatic venous pressure gradient [HVPG] >6 mm Hg) were randomized to receive 48 weeks of open-label sofosbuvir plus ribavirin at Day 1 or after a 24-week observation period. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after therapy (SVR12) in patients who received ≥1 dose of treatment. Secondary endpoints included changes in HVPG, laboratory parameters, and MELD and CPT scores. A subset of patients was followed 48 weeks posttreatment to determine late changes in HVPG. SVR12 occurred in 72% of patients (33/46). In the 37 patients with paired HVPG measurements at baseline and the end of treatment, mean HVPG decreased by -1.0 (SD 3.97) mm Hg. Nine patients (24%) had ≥20% decreases in HVPG during treatment. Among 39 patients with pretreatment HVPG ≥12 mm Hg, 27 (69%) achieved SVR12. Four of the 33 (12%) patients with baseline HVPG ≥12 mm Hg had HVPG <12 mm Hg at the end of treatment. Of nine patients with pretreatment HVPG ≥12 mm Hg who achieved SVR12 and completed 48 weeks of follow-up, eight (89%) had a ≥20% reduction in HVPG, and three reduced their pressure to <12 mm Hg. Patients with chronic HCV and compensated or decompensated cirrhosis who achieve SVR can have clinically meaningful reductions in HVPG at long-term follow-up. (EudraCT 2012-002457-29).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Afdhal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G T Everson
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - J L Calleja
- Hospital U. Puerta de Hierro, CIBEREHD, Universidad Autonoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - G W McCaughan
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Centenary Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Bosch
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain.,Swiss Liver Center, Inselspital, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D M Brainard
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | | | - S De-Oertel
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - D An
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - M Charlton
- Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah, USA
| | - K R Reddy
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - T Asselah
- Hôpital Beaujon, Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, INSERM UMR1149 and University Paris-Diderot, Clichy, France
| | - E Gane
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M P Curry
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - X Forns
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
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Rodriguez-Torres M, Glass S, Hill J, Freilich B, Hassman D, Di Bisceglie AM, Taylor JG, Kirby BJ, Dvory-Sobol H, Yang JC, An D, Stamm LM, Brainard DM, Kim S, Krefetz D, Smith W, Marbury T, Lawitz E. GS-9857 in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1-4 infection: a randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging phase 1 study. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:614-22. [PMID: 26957110 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GS-9857, an inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein (NS) 3/4A, demonstrates potent activity against HCV genotypes 1-6 and improved coverage against commonly encountered NS3 resistance-associated variants (RAVs). In this study, the safety, tolerability, antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics (PK) of GS-9857 were evaluated in patients with chronic HCV genotype 1-4 infection. Patients with genotype 1-4 infection received placebo or once-daily GS-9857 at doses ranging from 50 to 300 mg for 3 days under fasting conditions. GS-9857 was well tolerated; all reported adverse events (AEs) were mild or moderate in severity. Diarrhoea and headache were the most commonly reported AEs. Grade 3 or 4 laboratory abnormalities were observed in 17% of patients receiving GS-9857; there were no Grade 3 or 4 abnormalities in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase or alkaline phosphatase levels. GS-9857 demonstrated potent antiviral activity in patients with chronic HCV infection, achieving mean and median maximum reductions in HCV RNA of ≥3 log10 IU/mL following administration of a 100-mg dose in patients with HCV genotype 1a, 1b, 2, 3 or 4 infection. The antiviral activity of GS-9857 was unaffected by the presence of pretreatment NS3 RAVs. In patients with genotype 1-4 infection, GS-9857 exhibited linear PK and was associated with a median half-life of 29-42 h, supporting once-daily dosing. Thus, the tolerability, efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of GS-9857 support its further evaluation for treatment of patients with chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Glass
- PRA Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Hill
- Avail Clinical Research, LLC, DeLand, FL, USA
| | - B Freilich
- Kansas City Research Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - D Hassman
- Comprehensive Clinical Research, Berlin, NJ, USA
| | | | - J G Taylor
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - B J Kirby
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - J C Yang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - D An
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - L M Stamm
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - S Kim
- WCCT Global, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| | - D Krefetz
- PRA Health Sciences, Marlton, NJ, USA
| | - W Smith
- New Orleans Center for Clinical Research, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - T Marbury
- Orlando Clinical Research Center, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - E Lawitz
- Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Wang H, Ma H, Zheng W, An D, Na C. Multifunctional and recollectable carbon nanotube ponytails for water purification. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:9426-9434. [PMID: 24806877 DOI: 10.1021/am501810f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising nanomaterials that have the potential to revolutionize water treatment practices in the future. The direct use of unbounded CNTs, however, poses health risks to humans and ecosystems because they are difficult to separate from treated water. Here, we report the design and synthesis of carbon nanotube ponytails (CNPs) by integrating CNTs into micrometer-sized colloidal particles, which greatly improves the effectiveness of post-treatment separation using gravitational sedimentation, magnetic attraction, and membrane filtration. We further demonstrate that CNPs can effectively perform major treatment tasks including adsorption, disinfection, and catalysis. Using model pollutants such as methylene blue, Escherichia coli, and p-nitrophenol, we show that all the surfaces of individual CNTs in CNPs are accessible during water treatment. Our results suggest that the rational design of hierarchical structures represents a feasible approach to develop nanomaterials for engineering applications such as water and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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An D, Oh S, Olszak T, Neves J, Avci F, Erturk-Hasdemir D, Zeissig S, Blumberg R, Kasper D. The microbiome regulates the homeostasis of host invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells (MUC4P.830). The Journal of Immunology 2014. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.133.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Symbiotic bacteria intimately participate in host physiological processes and impact host health and disease, although details at the molecular level largely remain unknown. We discovered that symbiotic Bacteroides species produce sphingolipids to modify the host antigen environment of the invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a key immune modulator recognizing CD1d-restricted lipids. Using gnotobiotic technology and analytical tools, we found that bacterial glycosphingolipids, specifically one molecular fraction called GSL-Bf717, block iNKT cell activation and inhibit cell proliferation in early life. As a result, the total colonic iNKT cell number is restricted in adulthood and the host is protected when challenged by iNKT cell-mediated oxazolone colitis. These results suggest that intestinal bacterial sphingolipids are critical for establishing colonic iNKT cell homeostasis and host tolerance to environmental challenges. In addition, we find that the regulation depends on exposure to these symbiotic molecules in a critical early-life window, which, if missed, has irreversible impacts on host. This study contributes to our understanding of the essential role microbes play in host health and disease with precious molecular details that are largely lacking. The unique inhibitive power of GSL-Bf717 can be harnessed to provide therapeutic interventions in human autoimmune and allergic disorders where iNKT cell activation is detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding An
- 1Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sungwhan Oh
- 1Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Torsten Olszak
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joana Neves
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Fikri Avci
- 1Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Sebastian Zeissig
- 3Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Richard Blumberg
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dennis Kasper
- 1Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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An D, Oh SF, Olszak T, Neves JF, Avci FY, Erturk-Hasdemir D, Lu X, Zeissig S, Blumberg RS, Kasper DL. Sphingolipids from a symbiotic microbe regulate homeostasis of host intestinal natural killer T cells. Cell 2014; 156:123-33. [PMID: 24439373 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coevolution of beneficial microorganisms with the mammalian intestine fundamentally shapes mammalian physiology. Here, we report that the intestinal microbe Bacteroides fragilis modifies the homeostasis of host invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells by supplementing the host's endogenous lipid antigen milieu with unique inhibitory sphingolipids. The process occurs early in life and effectively impedes iNKT cell proliferation during neonatal development. Consequently, total colonic iNKT cell numbers are restricted into adulthood, and hosts are protected against experimental iNKT cell-mediated, oxazolone-induced colitis. In studies with neonatal mice lacking access to bacterial sphingolipids, we found that treatment with B. fragilis glycosphingolipids-exemplified by an isolated peak (MW = 717.6) called GSL-Bf717-reduces colonic iNKT cell numbers and confers protection against oxazolone-induced colitis in adulthood. Our results suggest that the distinctive inhibitory capacity of GSL-Bf717 and similar molecules may prove useful in the treatment of autoimmune and allergic disorders in which iNKT cell activation is destructive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding An
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sungwhan F Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Torsten Olszak
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joana F Neves
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fikri Y Avci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Deniz Erturk-Hasdemir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xi Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sebastian Zeissig
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Dennis L Kasper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Jacobson I, Yoshida E, Sulkowski M, Nelson D, Svarovskaia E, An D, McNally J, Brainard D, Symonds W, McHutchison J, Pianko S, Kowdley K. 61 TREATMENT WITH SOFOSBUVIR + RIBAVIRIN FOR 12 WEEKS ACHIEVES SVR12 OF 78% IN GT2/3 INTERFERON-INELIGIBLE, -INTOLERANT, OR -UNWILLING PATIENTS: RESULTS OF THE PHASE 3 POSITRON TRIAL. J Hepatol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(13)60063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
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Balazs AB, Chen J, Hong C, Ouyang S, An D, Baltimore D. Vectored immunoprophylaxis protects humanized mice from mucosal HIV transmission. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3442095 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Olszak T, An D, Zeissig S, Vera MP, Richter J, Franke A, Glickman JN, Siebert R, Baron RM, Kasper DL, Blumberg RS. Microbial exposure during early life has persistent effects on natural killer T cell function. Science 2012; 336:489-93. [PMID: 22442383 DOI: 10.1126/science.1219328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1152] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to microbes during early childhood is associated with protection from immune-mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and asthma. Here, we show that in germ-free (GF) mice, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells accumulate in the colonic lamina propria and lung, resulting in increased morbidity in models of IBD and allergic asthma as compared with that of specific pathogen-free mice. This was associated with increased intestinal and pulmonary expression of the chemokine ligand CXCL16, which was associated with increased mucosal iNKT cells. Colonization of neonatal-but not adult-GF mice with a conventional microbiota protected the animals from mucosal iNKT accumulation and related pathology. These results indicate that age-sensitive contact with commensal microbes is critical for establishing mucosal iNKT cell tolerance to later environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Olszak
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Xu H, Yin D, Li L, Wang Q, Li X, Yang X, Liu W, An D. Development and application of EST-based markers specific for chromosome arms of rye (Secale cereale L.). Cytogenet Genome Res 2012; 136:220-8. [PMID: 22354334 DOI: 10.1159/000336478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop a set of molecular markers specific for the chromosome arms of rye, a total of 1,098 and 93 primer pairs derived from the expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences distributed on all 21 wheat chromosomes and 7 rye chromosomes, respectively, were initially screened on common wheat 'Chinese Spring' and rye cultivar 'Imperial'. Four hundred and fourteen EST-based markers were specific for the rye genome. Seven disomic chromosome addition lines, 10 telosomic addition lines and 1 translocation line of 'Chinese Spring-Imperial' were confirmed by genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescencein situ hybridization, and used to screen the rye-specific markers. Thirty-one of the 414 markers produced stable specific amplicons in 'Imperial', as well as individual addition lines and were assigned to 13 chromosome arms of rye except for 6RS. Six rye cultivars, wheat cultivar 'Xiaoyan 6' and accessions of 4 wheat relatives were then used to test the specificity of the 31 EST-based markers. To confirm the specificity, 4 wheat-rye derivatives of 'Xiaoyan 6 × German White', with chromosomes 1RS, 2R and 4R, were amplified by some of the EST-based markers. The results indicated that they can effectively be used to detect corresponding rye chromosomes or chromosome arms introgressed into a wheat background, and hence to accelerate the utilization of rye genes in wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
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Kim MN, Kim H, An D, Ji M, Lee M, Kim AR, Lee SJ. Mupirocin resistance among MRSA surveillance isolates from neonatal intensive care unit under 10 year-search and destroy policy compared to. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3239590 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s6-p171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Unger S, Kotsopoulos K, An D, O'Brien K. Maternal Anxiety Surrounding Breastmilk Feeds in the Nicu. Paediatr Child Health 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/15.suppl_a.64a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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32
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An D, Arntfield S, Beta T, Cenkowski S. Hydration properties of different varieties of Canadian field peas (Pisum sativum) from different locations. Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wu Z, Li S, Lei J, An D, Haacke EM. Evaluation of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage using susceptibility-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31:1302-10. [PMID: 20190211 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE SWI is an MR imaging technique that is very sensitive to hemorrhage. Our goal was to compare SWI and CT to determine if SWI can show traumatic SAH in different parts of the subarachnoid space. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty acute TBI patients identified by CT with SAH underwent MR imaging scans. Two neuroradiologists analyzed the CT and SWI data to decide whether there were SAHs in 8 anatomical parts of the subarachnoid space. RESULTS Fifty-five areas with SAH were identified by both CT and SWI. Ten areas were identified by CT only and 13 by SWI only. SAH was recognized on SWI by its very dark signal intensity surrounded by CSF signal intensity in the sulci or cisterns. Compared with the smooth-looking veins, SAH tended to have a rough boundary and inhomogeneous signal intensity. In many instances, blood in the sulcus left an area of signal intensity loss that had a "triangle" shape. SWI showed 5 more cases of intraventricular hemorrhage than did CT. CONCLUSIONS SAH can be recognized by SWI through its signal intensity and unique morphology. SWI can provide complementary information to CT in terms of small amounts of SAH and hemorrhage inside the ventricles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wu
- School for Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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An D, Apidianakis Y, Boechat AL, Baldini RL, Goumnerov BC, Rahme LG. The pathogenic properties of a novel and conserved gene product, KerV, in proteobacteria. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7167. [PMID: 19779606 PMCID: PMC2744870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel virulence factors is essential for understanding bacterial pathogenesis and designing antibacterial strategies. In this study, we uncover such a factor, termed KerV, in Proteobacteria. Experiments carried out in a variety of eukaryotic host infection models revealed that the virulence of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa kerV null mutant was compromised when it interacted with amoebae, plants, flies, and mice. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that KerV is a hypothetical methyltransferase and is well-conserved across numerous Proteobacteria, including both well-known and emerging pathogens (e.g., virulent Burkholderia, Escherichia, Shigella, Vibrio, Salmonella, Yersinia and Brucella species). Furthermore, among the 197 kerV orthologs analyzed in this study, about 89% reside in a defined genomic neighborhood, which also possesses essential DNA replication and repair genes and detoxification gene. Finally, infection of Drosophila melanogaster with null mutants demonstrated that KerV orthologs are also crucial in Vibrio cholerae and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis pathogenesis. Our findings suggested that KerV has a novel and broad significance as a virulence factor in pathogenic Proteobacteria and it might serve as a new target for antibiotic drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding An
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Shriners Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yiorgos Apidianakis
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Shriners Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ana Laura Boechat
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina L. Baldini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Boyan C. Goumnerov
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laurence G. Rahme
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Shriners Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: .
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Abstract
DNA microarray technology has been successfully used to identify genes that contribute to biofilm formation for a handful of bacterial species. However, as the number of profiling studies increases, it is becoming increasingly apparent that these data might miss important aspects of biofilm development. One reason for this is the inability of current experimental designs to resolve spatial and functional heterogeneity in the biofilm community. Thus, an emerging challenge is to use transcriptional profiling in combination with techniques that can identify and separate relevant subpopulations within a biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding An
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7242, USA
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An D, Kewalramani G, Chan JKY, Qi D, Ghosh S, Pulinilkunnil T, Abrahani A, Innis SM, Rodrigues B. Metformin influences cardiomyocyte cell death by pathways that are dependent and independent of caspase-3. Diabetologia 2006; 49:2174-84. [PMID: 16868748 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Metformin has been shown to increase fatty acid oxidation, an effect mediated by AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK). We hypothesised that metformin could prevent both caspase-3 activation and apoptosis when induced by palmitic acid. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cardiomyocytes were incubated with 1 mmol/l palmitic acid, in the absence or presence of metformin (1-5 mmol/l). Following 1 to 16 h, cell damage was evaluated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase released into the incubation medium, and Hoechst staining. To investigate the mechanism of metformin's effect on cardiomyocytes, substrate utilisation and phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase were measured. Intracellular mediators of apoptosis were also evaluated. RESULTS Incubation of myocytes with palmitic acid for 16 h increased apoptosis, an effect that was partly blunted by 1 and 2 mmol/l metformin. This beneficial effect of metformin was associated with increased AMPK phosphorylation, palmitic acid oxidation and suppression of high-fat-induced increases in (1) long chain base biosynthesis protein 1 levels, (2) ceramide levels, and (3) caspase-3 activity. Unexpectedly, 5 mmol/l metformin dramatically increased apoptosis in myocytes incubated with high fat. This effect was associated with a robust increase in glycolysis, lactate accumulation, and a significant drop of pH in the myocyte incubation medium. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study demonstrates that metformin reduces high-fat-induced cardiac cell death, probably through inhibition of ceramide synthesis. However, at high concentrations, metformin causes proton and lactate accumulation, leading to cell damage that is independent of caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- D An
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
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An D, Danhorn T, Fuqua C, Parsek MR. Quorum sensing and motility mediate interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Agrobacterium tumefaciens in biofilm cocultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:3828-33. [PMID: 16537456 PMCID: PMC1533783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0511323103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the environment, multiple microbial taxa typically coexist as communities, competing for resources and, often, physically associated within biofilms. A dual-species cocultivation model has been developed by using two ubiquitous and well studied microbes Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a.) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens (A.t.) as a tractable system to identify molecular mechanisms that underlie multispecies microbial associations. Several factors were found to influence coculture interactions. P.a. had a distinct growth-rate advantage in cocultures, increasing its relative abundance during planktonic and biofilm growth. P.a. also demonstrated a slight quorum-sensing-dependent increase in growth yield in liquid cocultures. P.a. dominated coculture biofilms, "blanketing" or burying immature A.t. microcolonies. P.a. flagellar and type IV pili mutant strains exhibited deficient blanketing and impaired competition in coculture biofilms, whereas, in planktonic coculture, these mutations had no effect on competition. In contrast, A.t. used motility to emigrate from coculture biofilms. In both planktonic and biofilm cocultures, A.t. remained viable for extended periods of time, coexisting with its more numerous competitor. These findings reveal that quorum-sensing-regulated functions and surface motility are important microbial competition factors for P.a. and that the outcome of competition and the relative contribution of different factors to competition are strongly influenced by the environment in which they occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding An
- *Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Thomas Danhorn
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405; and
| | - Clay Fuqua
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405; and
| | - Matthew R. Parsek
- *Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
540 EMRB, Department of Microbiology, The Roy and Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242. E-mail:
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Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes chronic lung infections in people suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). In CF airways, P. aeruginosa forms surface-associated communities called biofilms. Compared with free-swimming cultures, biofilms resist clearance by the host immune system and display increased resistance to antimicrobial agents. In this study we developed a technique to coat surfaces with molecules that are abundant in CF airways in order to investigate their impact on P. aeruginosa biofilm development. We found that P. aeruginosa biofilm development proceeds differently on surfaces coated with the glycoprotein mucin compared with biofilm development on glass and surfaces coated with actin or DNA. Biofilms formed on mucin-coated surfaces developed large cellular aggregates and had increased tolerance to the antibiotic tobramycin compared with biofilms grown on glass. Analysis of selected mutant backgrounds in conjunction with time-lapse microscopy revealed that surface-associated motility was blocked on the mucin surface. Furthermore, our data suggest that a specific adhesin-mucin interaction immobilizes the bacterium on the surface. Together, these experiments suggest that mucin, which may serve as an attachment surface in CF airways, impacts P. aeruginosa biofilm development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Landry
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Poh CF, Zhang L, Lam WL, Zhang X, An D, Chau C, Priddy R, Epstein J, Rosin MP. A high frequency of allelic loss in oral verrucous lesions may explain malignant risk. J Transl Med 2001; 81:629-34. [PMID: 11304582 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Verrucous carcinoma (VC), a variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), is distinct from SCC in morphology and behavior. The underlying genetic changes involved in the development of VC and its precursor verrucous hyperplasia (VH) are unknown. This study determined whether chromosomal regions frequently lost during the development of SCC are also lost in the VH/VC variant. Twenty-five VH and 17 VC were analyzed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 19 loci on 7 chromosome arms using microsatellite analysis. These data were compared with those from 47 reactive hyperplasias, 92 dysplasias (54 low- and 38 high-grade), and 41 SCCS: The results showed that VC/VH shared many of the losses present in dysplasia/SCC but differed in two aspects. First, VC/VH showed early acquisition of loss, compared with a gradual accumulation of losses from dysplasias to SCC. The LOH pattern of VH was similar to that of high-grade dysplasia and sharply different from reactive hyperplasia. The loss in VH often involved multiple arms (in 60% of VH vs 0% of reactive lesions). Only a marginal elevation of loss was observed at 9p (p = 0.06) and 4q (p = 0.05) from VH to VC because of the high degree of loss already present in VH. Second, a strikingly lower frequency of loss at 17p was noted in VH/VC compared with dysplasia/SCC and may indicate human papillomavirus (HPV) involvement. The finding of high-risk LOH profiles in VH may partly account for the high-progression risk seen for VH and also has potentially important clinical implications. The difficult pathological diagnosis of VH/VC from reactive hyperplasia frequently requires repeated biopsies and results in delay in diagnosis and significantly increased mortality/morbidity. Microsatellite analysis might facilitate this differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Poh
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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40
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Abstract
Surface-enhance Raman (SER) spectra of pyrazinamide (PZA), isoniazid (INAZ), and isonicotiamide (INCT) in silver sols have been studied over a range of solution concentration and pH. A linear calibration curve has been obtained for each of the sample molecules, and the lower limits of detection are estimated to be 5 ng for PZA and INAZ, and 10 ng for INCA. The variation of SER intensity with the sample solution pH is explained in terms of the charge of the sample species and the stability of the sols. The normal Raman and infrared spectra for the pure drug samples have also been collected, from which some vibration assignments for the molecules are given. The absorption behaviors of the molecules on the silver particle surfaces are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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41
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Glenny RW, Lamm WJ, Bernard SL, An D, Chornuk M, Pool SL, Wagner WW, Hlastala MP, Robertson HT. Selected contribution: redistribution of pulmonary perfusion during weightlessness and increased gravity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2000; 89:1239-48. [PMID: 10956375 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.3.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the relative contributions of gravity and vascular structure to the distribution of pulmonary blood flow, we flew with pigs on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration KC-135 aircraft. A series of parabolas created alternating weightlessness and 1.8-G conditions. Fluorescent microspheres of varying colors were injected into the pulmonary circulation to mark regional blood flow during different postural and gravitational conditions. The lungs were subsequently removed, air dried, and sectioned into approximately 2 cm(3) pieces. Flow to each piece was determined for the different conditions. Perfusion heterogeneity did not change significantly during weightlessness compared with normal and increased gravitational forces. Regional blood flow to each lung piece changed little despite alterations in posture and gravitational forces. With the use of multiple stepwise linear regression, the contributions of gravity and vascular structure to regional perfusion were separated. We conclude that both gravity and the geometry of the pulmonary vascular tree influence regional pulmonary blood flow. However, the structure of the vascular tree is the primary determinant of regional perfusion in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Glenny
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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42
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Deng X, An D, Zhao F, Chen RT, Villavicencio V. Temperature sensitivity of passive holographic wavelength-division multiplexers-demultiplexers. Appl Opt 2000; 39:4047-4057. [PMID: 18349986 DOI: 10.1364/ao.39.004047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We derive a set of concise formulas to characterize the temperature sensitivity of holographic wavelength-division multiplexers-demultiplexers (H-MUX's-H-DMUX's). The normalized parameters such as dispersion abilities, central wavelength shift rate, and variations of insertion loss hold for general grating-based wavelength-division multiplexing-demultiplexing (WDM-WDDM) structures. The results are applicable to both wide-WDM-WDDM and dense ones working in 800-, 1300-, and 1550-nm optical wavelength windows, regardless of whether their input-output ports are single-mode or multimode fibers. Detailed analysis and experiments are carried out on a fully packaged four-channel H-MUX-H-DMUX. The experimental results at temperatures from 25 to 80 degrees C fit nicely with the theoretical prediction. We conclude that passive grating-based H-MUX's-H-DMUX's are promising for meeting the requirements on temperature sensitivity in optical data communications and telecommunications. Most of the analysis can be applied to other types of Bragg-grating-based WDM-WDDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Deng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Microelectronics Research Center, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
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43
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Wan YJ, An D, Cai Y, Repa JJ, Hung-Po Chen T, Flores M, Postic C, Magnuson MA, Chen J, Chien KR, French S, Mangelsdorf DJ, Sucov HM. Hepatocyte-specific mutation establishes retinoid X receptor alpha as a heterodimeric integrator of multiple physiological processes in the liver. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:4436-44. [PMID: 10825207 PMCID: PMC85811 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.12.4436-4444.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of physiological processes in the adult liver are regulated by nuclear receptors that require heterodimerization with retinoid X receptors (RXRs). In this study, we have used cre-mediated recombination to disrupt the mouse RXRalpha gene specifically in hepatocytes. Although such mice are viable, molecular and biochemical parameters indicate that every one of the examined metabolic pathways in the liver (mediated by RXR heterodimerization with PPARalpha, CARbeta, PXR, LXR, and FXR) is compromised in the absence of RXRalpha. These data demonstrate the presence of a complex circuitry in which RXRalpha is integrated into a number of diverse physiological pathways as a common regulatory component of cholesterol, fatty acid, bile acid, steroid, and xenobiotic metabolism and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Wan
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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44
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Li Z, Zhang S, An D, Chen F, Gong J. [Diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2000; 38:352-4, 24. [PMID: 11832055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the diagnostic methods of early colorectal neoplasm before operation and to evaluate the value of these methods for selection. METHODS Fifteen patients with early colorectal neoplasms were examined pre-operatively by general colonoscopy to observe macroscopic appearance, by magnifying endoscopy to classify pit pattern type, and by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) to assess the penetrating depth of cancer invasion as well as regional lymph node metastases. According to these findings, diagnosis and clinical staging were made and proper treatment protocols were established. RESULTS The diameter of the tumors ranged from 1 to 6 cm. Most lesions were subpedunculate type (8/15, 53%). Eight cases belonged to pit pattern type III L + V (8/15, 53%). EUS showed mucosal cancer in 11 cases and submucosal cancer in 4. No lymph node metastasis was observed in any cases. Treatment methods included endoscopic polypectomy or endoscopic mucosa resection (EMR) in 6 cases, endo-surgery combined with open surgery in 2, and open surgery in 7. Pathological diagnosis showed mucosal carcinoma in 12 cases, submucosal carcinoma in 3. The accuracy of EUS was 93%. CONCLUSIONS Magnifying endoscopy and EUS are useful for diagnosis of early colorectal cancer before operation, and correct preoperative staging of colorectal neoplasms is of significance in guiding treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
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45
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Han S, Huang J, An D, Li Q. [The effect of memory T lymphocytes on IgE production by B lymphocytes in patients with bronchial asthma]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1999; 38:101-3. [PMID: 11798635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the role of CD(4)(+) CD(45)RO(+) T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. METHODS CD(4)(+) CD(45)RO(+) T lymphocyte subsets were isolated from peripheral blood of patients with bronchial asthma and healthy donors. Then they were cultured with self-B lymphocytes and designated as pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated and non-stimulated group. Secreted IgE was measured in the supernatant. RESULTS CD(4)(+) CD(45)RO(+) T lymphocytes had a positive role on IgE production by B lymphocytes from patients of bronchial asthma in non-stimulated group, but the positive role did not exit in the presence of PWM. The effect of activated and non-activated CD(4)(+) CD(45)RO(+) T lymphocytes from patients with bronchial asthma on the secretion of IgE by B lymphocytes were further investigated. CONCLUSION The function of activated CD(4)(+) CD(45)RO(+) T lymphocytes returned to normal level. It is suggested that CD(4)(+) CD(45)RO(+) T lymphocytes have adverse effects on IgE production in patients with bronchial asthma; which may be related to the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second College of Norman Bethune University of Medical Science, Changchun 130041
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46
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Lin M, Feng M, Zhang Z, An D, Fan G. [Research on the separation behavior of acidic drugs in capillary electrophoresis with reversed direction of electroosmotic flow]. Se Pu 1998; 16:383-5. [PMID: 11498915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The separation behavior of acidic drugs in capillary electrophoresis with reversal of electroosmotic flow was investigated systematically. Acetylsalicylic acid and its related compound salicylic acid were employed as objective drugs. The cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as reversed reagent for electroosmotic flow. The experimental conditions, such as, cationic surfactant concentration, buffer pH and organic additives, which affected migration time, peak shape and column efficiency, were studied in detail. The experimental results indicated that high speed analysis could be achieved in the capillary electrophoresis with reversed electroosmotic flow induced by cationic surfactant when acidic drugs were analysed. The poor peak shape and low column efficiency caused by the interactions of CTAB with acidic anions would be improved by adding proper organic additive, such as, beta-cyclodextrin or acetonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009
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47
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Rui J, Zhou X, Lin S, Yuan Y, Xiang B, An D. [Simultaneous determination of the enantiomers of verapamil and norverapamil in plasma by high performance capillary electrophoresis]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1998; 33:517-22. [PMID: 12016885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method has been developed to determine simultaneously plasma concentration of the enantiomers of verapamil and its major metabolite, norverapamil, using capillary zone electrophoresis. Trimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin was selected as chiral selector. Good separation was achieved under the conditions as below: Running electrolyte was pH 2.5, 60 mmol.L-1 phosphate buffer containing 60 mmol.L-1 trimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin; capillary: 30 cm x 75 microns (ID), coated; setpoint of capillary temperature: 20 degrees C; detector: UV 200 nm; injection: electromigration at 12 kV for 7 s; running voltage: 14 kV. Solvent of sample was doubly deionized water. The migration times of enantiomers were less than 12 min. The good linear range was from 300.0 ng.ml-1 to 2.50 ng.ml-1. Relative standard deviations of assay accuracy and precision were less than 12%. It fits for routine therapeutic monitoring as it is highly efficient, rapid, sensitive, with less solvent and sample consumption and automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002
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48
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Orlowski S, An D, Belehradek J, Mir LM. Antimetastatic effects of electrochemotherapy and of histoincompatible interleukin-2-secreting cells in the murine Lewis lung tumor. Anticancer Drugs 1998; 9:551-6. [PMID: 9877244 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-199807000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Murine Lewis lung (3LL) tumors are characterized by the appearance of lung metastases after a regular period following their s.c. transplantation. We tested the respective efficiencies of various antitumor treatments: (i) electrochemotherapy (ECT), i.e. the systemic injection of bleomycin associated with electric pulses, locally delivered, that permeabilizes the tumor cells; (ii) intratumoral injection of histoincompatible cells that have been engineered in vitro to secrete high amounts of interleukin-2; and (iii) the combination of these two treatments. The growth of the s.c. transplanted tumors was followed up and the number of lung metastases was counted 14 days after the treatment. ECT alone resulted in the reduction of both the size of the tumor and the number of lung metastases. This latter effect can be partially explained by the effects of ECT on the s.c. tumor mass from which 3LL cells escape to colonize the lungs. The injection of IL-2-secreting cells alone had no effect on the s.c. mass and only a limited effect on the number of lung metastases. However, the combined treatment ECT plus IL-2-secreting cells resulted in antimetastatic effects potentiation that could result from stimulation of a non-specific immune response through an increase of NK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Orlowski
- Laboratory of Physicochemistry and Pharmacology of Biological Macromolecules, UMR 1772 CNRS-Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
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49
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Ramirez LH, Orlowski S, An D, Bindoula G, Dzodic R, Ardouin P, Bognel C, Belehradek J, Munck JN, Mir LM. Electrochemotherapy on liver tumours in rabbits. Br J Cancer 1998; 77:2104-11. [PMID: 9649121 PMCID: PMC2150383 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1998.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a new therapeutic approach combining the effects of a low-permeant cytotoxic drug, bleomycin (BLM), administered i.v. and cell-permeabilizing electric pulses (EPs) locally delivered to tumours. The transient permeabilization of the cell membrane by the EPs allows free access of BLM to its intracellular targets, largely enhancing BLM's cytotoxic effects. ECT efficacy has been proved so far on transplanted subcutaneous murine tumours and on subcutaneous metastases in humans. Here, we present the first study of the effects of ECT on tumours transplanted to livers in rabbits. We used a recently developed EP applicator consisting of an array of parallel and equidistant needles to be inserted in tissues. Effects of EPs alone or of ECT were assessed by histological analysis, tumour growth rates and survival of the treated animals. A transient blood hypoperfusion was seen in the electropulsed areas, with or without BLM, related to EP-dependent vasoconstriction but this had no major effects on cell survival. Long-term effects depended on the presence of BLM at the time of EP delivery. Almost complete tumour necrosis was observed after ECT, resulting from both BLM direct cytotoxic effects on electropermeabilized tumour cells and indirect effects on the tumour vessels. A large reduction in tumour growth rate and significantly longer survival times were scored in comparison with control rabbits. Moreover, ECT of liver tumours was well tolerated and devoid of systemic side-effects. When ECT was associated with a local interleukin 2-based immunotherapy, increased local anti-tumour effectiveness as well as a large decrease in the number of metastases were observed. Thus, ECT could become a novel treatment modality for liver tumours and other solid internal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Ramirez
- UMR 1772 CNRS, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
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50
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Kong LB, An D, Ackerson B, Canon J, Rey O, Chen IS, Krogstad P, Stewart PL. Cryoelectron microscopic examination of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions with mutations in the cyclophilin A binding loop. J Virol 1998; 72:4403-7. [PMID: 9557731 PMCID: PMC109671 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.72.5.4403-4407.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid protein contains a conserved P217X4PX2PX5P231 motif. Mutation at Pro-222 decreases virion incorporation of cyclophilin A, while mutation at Pro-231 abolishes infectivity. Although viral RNA incorporation and protease cleavage of the Gag precursor were not affected by these mutations, cryoelectron microscopy revealed a loss of virion maturation in P231A particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Kong
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Biological Imaging, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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