1
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Hill GR, Betts BC, Tkachev V, Kean LS, Blazar BR. Current Concepts and Advances in Graft-Versus-Host Disease Immunology. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:19-49. [PMID: 33428454 PMCID: PMC8085043 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-102119-073227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, each year over 30,000 patients undergo an allogeneic hema-topoietic stem cell transplantation with the intent to cure high-risk hematologic malignancy, immunodeficiency, metabolic disease, or a life-threatening bone marrow failure syndrome. Despite substantial advances in donor selection and conditioning regimens and greater availability of allograft sources, transplant recipients still endure the morbidity and mortality of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Herein, we identify key aspects of acute and chronic GVHD pathophysiology, including host/donor cell effectors, gut dysbiosis, immune system and cytokine imbalance, and the interface between inflammation and tissue fibrosis. In particular, we also summarize the translational application of this heightened understanding of immune dysregulation in the design of novel therapies to prevent and treat GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey R Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA;
- Division of Medical Oncology University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Brian C Betts
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Victor Tkachev
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; ,
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Leslie S Kean
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; ,
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;
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2
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Naserian S, Leclerc M, Shamdani S, Uzan G. Current Preventions and Treatments of aGVHD: From Pharmacological Prophylaxis to Innovative Therapies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:607030. [PMID: 33391276 PMCID: PMC7773902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.607030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is one of the main causes of mortality and the reason for up to 50% of morbidity after hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT) which is the treatment of choice for many blood malignancies. Thanks to years of research and exploration, we have acquired a profound understanding of the pathophysiology and immunopathology of these disorders. This led to the proposition and development of many therapeutic approaches during the last decades, some of them with very promising results. In this review, we have focused on the recent GVHD treatments from classical chemical and pharmacological prophylaxis to more innovative treatments including gene therapy and cell therapy, most commonly based on the application of a variety of immunomodulatory cells. Furthermore, we have discussed the advantages and potentials of cell-free therapy as a newly emerging approach to treat GVHD. Among them, we have particularly focused on the implication of the TNFα-TNFR2 axis as a new immune checkpoint signaling pathway controlling different aspects of many immunoregulatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Naserian
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- CellMedEx, Saint Maur Des Fossés, France
| | - Mathieu Leclerc
- Service d’Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine de Créteil, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Sara Shamdani
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- CellMedEx, Saint Maur Des Fossés, France
| | - Georges Uzan
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
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3
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Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) represent a CD4+ T-cell lineage that plays a critical role in restraining immune responses to self and foreign antigens and associated inflammation. Due to the suppressive function of Treg cells, inhibition or ablation of these cells can be used to boost the immunity against malignant cells. On the other hand, augmenting the activity of Treg cells can be employed for the treatment of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases and allogeneic conflicts associated with transplantation. Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In this review, we describe basic biological properties of Treg cells and their role in GvHD. We focus on the application of adoptive transfer of Treg cells and the therapeutic modulation of their activity for the prevention and treatment of GvHD in pre-clinical models and in clinical settings. We also discuss the main obstacles to applying Treg cell-based therapies for GvHD in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Elias
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, and Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Y. Rudensky
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, and Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Duggleby R, Danby RD, Madrigal JA, Saudemont A. Clinical Grade Regulatory CD4 + T Cells (Tregs): Moving Toward Cellular-Based Immunomodulatory Therapies. Front Immunol 2018; 9:252. [PMID: 29487602 PMCID: PMC5816789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are CD4+ T cells that are key players of immune tolerance. They are powerful suppressor cells, able to impact the function of numerous immune cells, including key effectors of inflammation such as effector T cells. For this reason, Tregs are an ideal candidate for the development of cell therapy approaches to modulate immune responses. Treg therapy has shown promising results so far, providing key knowledge on the conditions in which these cells can provide protection and demonstrating that they could be an alternative to current pharmacological immunosuppressive therapies. However, a more comprehensive understanding of their characteristics, isolation, activation, and expansion is needed to be able design cost effective therapies. Here, we review the practicalities of making Tregs a viable cell therapy, in particular, discussing the challenges faced in isolating and manufacturing Tregs and defining what are the most appropriate applications for this new therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Duggleby
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom.,University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert David Danby
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom.,University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - J Alejandro Madrigal
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom.,University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aurore Saudemont
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom.,University College London, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Naserian S, Leclerc M, Thiolat A, Pilon C, Le Bret C, Belkacemi Y, Maury S, Charlotte F, Cohen JL. Simple, Reproducible, and Efficient Clinical Grading System for Murine Models of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:10. [PMID: 29403494 PMCID: PMC5786520 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) represents a challenging complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Despite the intensive preclinical research in the field of prevention and treatment of aGVHD, and the presence of a well-established clinical grading system to evaluate human aGVHD, such a valid tool is still lacking for the evaluation of murine aGVHD. Indeed, several scoring systems have been reported, but none of them has been properly evaluated and they all share some limitations: they incompletely reflect the disease, rely on severity stages that are distinguished by subjective assessment of clinical criteria and are not easy to discriminate, which could render evaluation more time consuming, and their reproducibility among different experimenters is uncertain. Consequently, clinical murine aGVHD description is often based merely on animal weight loss and mortality. Here, we propose a simple scoring system of aGVHD relying on the binary (yes or no) evaluation of five important visual parameters that reflect the complexity of the disease without the need to sacrifice the mice. We show that this scoring system is consistent with the gold standard histological staging of aGVHD across several donor/recipient mice combinations. This system is also a strong predictor of survival of recipient mice when used early after transplant and is highly reproducible between experimenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Naserian
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Mathieu Leclerc
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France.,APHP, Service d'hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Allan Thiolat
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Caroline Pilon
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France.,UPEC, APHP, INSERM, CIC Biothérapie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Cindy Le Bret
- Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, APHP, Service d'Oncologie-Radiothérapie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Yazid Belkacemi
- Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, APHP, Service d'Oncologie-Radiothérapie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Sébastien Maury
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France.,APHP, Service d'hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Frédéric Charlotte
- APHP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Service d'Anatomopathologie, Paris, France
| | - José L Cohen
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France.,UPEC, APHP, INSERM, CIC Biothérapie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
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6
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Control of GVHD by regulatory T cells depends on TNF produced by T cells and TNFR2 expressed by regulatory T cells. Blood 2016; 128:1651-9. [PMID: 27506541 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-02-700849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic CD4(+)Foxp3(+) natural regulatory T cells (Tregs) can control experimental graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) by suppressing conventional T cells (Tconvs). Treg-based therapies are currently tested in clinical trials with promising preliminary results in allo-HCT. Here, we hypothesized that as Tregs are capable of modulating Tconv response, it is likely that the inflammatory environment and particularly donor T cells are also capable of influencing Treg function. Indeed, previous findings in autoimmune diabetes revealed a feedback mechanism that renders Tconvs able to stimulate Tregs by a mechanism that was partially dependent on tumor necrosis factor (TNF). We tested this phenomenon during alloimmune response in our previously described model of GVHD protection using antigen specific Tregs. Using different experimental approaches, we observed that control of GVHD by Tregs was fully abolished by blocking TNF receptor type 2 (TNFR2) or by using TNF-deficient donor T cells or TNFR2-deficient Tregs. Thus, our results show that Tconvs exert a powerful modulatory activity on therapeutic Tregs and clearly demonstrate that the sole defect of TNF production by donor T cells was sufficient to completely abolish the Treg suppressive effect in GVHD. Importantly, our findings expand the understanding of one of the central components of Treg action, the inflammatory context, and support that targeting TNF/TNFR2 interaction represents an opportunity to efficiently modulate alloreactivity in allo-HCT to either exacerbate it for a powerful antileukemic effect or reduce it to control GVHD.
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7
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Chera M, Hamel Y, Baillou C, Touil S, Guillot-Delost M, Charlotte F, Kossir L, Simonin G, Maury S, Cohen JL, Lemoine FM. Generation of Human Alloantigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells under Good Manufacturing Practice-Compliant Conditions for Cell Therapy. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:2527-40. [DOI: 10.3727/096368914x683566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural regulatory T cells (Tregs) may have a great therapeutic potential to induce tolerance in allogeneic cells and organ transplantations. In mice, we showed that alloantigen-specific Tregs (spe-Tregs) were more efficient than polyclonal Tregs (poly-Tregs) in controlling graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Here we describe a clinical-grade compliant method for generating human spe-Tregs. Tregs were enriched from leukapheresis products with anti-CD25 immunomagnetic beads, primed twice by allogeneic mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mDCs), and cultured during 3 weeks in medium containing interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-15, and rapamycin. After 3 weeks of culture, final cell products were expanded 8.3-fold from the initial CD25+ purifications. Immunophenotypic analyses of final cells indicate that they were composed of 88 ± 2.6% of CD4+ T cells, all expressing Treg-specific markers (FOXP3, Helios, GARP, LAP, and CD152). Spe-Tregs were highly suppressive in vitro and also in vivo using a xeno-GVHD model established in immunodeficient mice. The specificity of their suppressive activity was demonstrated on their ability to significantly suppress the proliferation of autologous effector T cells stimulated by the same mDCs compared to third-party mDCs. Our data provide evidence that functional alloantigen Tregs can be generated under clinical-grade compliant conditions. Taking into account that 130 × 106 CD25+ cells can be obtained at large scale from standard leukapheresis, our cell process may give rise to a theoretical final number of 1 × 109 spe-Tregs. Thus, using our strategy, we can propose to prepare spe-Tregs for clinical trials designed to control HLA-mismatched GVHD or organ transplantation rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Chera
- AP-HP, University Hospital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Biotherapies, Paris, France
- Center of Clinical Investigation in Biotherapies 1420, University Hospital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Yamina Hamel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S CR7, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Claude Baillou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S CR7, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR S 1135, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Soumia Touil
- CNRS, UMR 7211, Immunology Immunopathology and Immunotherapy, Paris, France
| | - Maude Guillot-Delost
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S CR7, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR S 1135, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Charlotte
- AP-HP, University Hospital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Pathology, Paris, France
| | - Laila Kossir
- AP-HP, University Hospital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Biotherapies, Paris, France
- Center of Clinical Investigation in Biotherapies 1420, University Hospital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ghislaine Simonin
- AP-HP, University Hospital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Biotherapies, Paris, France
- Center of Clinical Investigation in Biotherapies 1420, University Hospital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Maury
- AP-HP, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Department of Clinical Hematology, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, Créteil, France
- INSERM, U955, Team 21, Créteil, France
| | - José L. Cohen
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, Créteil, France
- INSERM, U955, Team 21, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Henri-Mondor - A. Chenevier Hospital, CIC-BT-504, Créteil, France
| | - François M. Lemoine
- AP-HP, University Hospital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Biotherapies, Paris, France
- Center of Clinical Investigation in Biotherapies 1420, University Hospital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S CR7, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR S 1135, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
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8
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Pierini A, Colonna L, Alvarez M, Schneidawind D, Nishikii H, Baker J, Pan Y, Florek M, Kim BS, Negrin RS. Donor Requirements for Regulatory T Cell Suppression of Murine Graft-versus-Host Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:347-55. [PMID: 25994967 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of freshly isolated natural occurring CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) prevents graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in several animal models and following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in clinical trials. Donor-derived Treg have been mainly used, as they share the same MHC with CD4(+) and CD8(+) conventional T cells (Tcon) that are primarily responsible for GVHD. Third party-derived Treg are a promising alternative for cellular therapy, as they can be prepared in advance, screened for pathogens and activity, and banked. We explored MHC disparities between Treg and Tcon in HCT to evaluate the impact of different Treg populations in GVHD prevention and survival. Third-party Treg and donor Treg are equally suppressive in ex vivo assays, whereas both donor and third-party but not host Treg protect from GVHD in allogeneic HCT, with donor Treg being the most effective. In an MHC minor mismatched transplantation model (C57BL/6 → BALB/b), donor and third-party Treg were equally effective in controlling GVHD. Furthermore, using an in vivo Treg depletion mouse model, we found that Treg exert their main suppressive activity in the first 2 d after transplantation. Third-party Treg survive for a shorter period of time after adoptive transfer, but despite the shorter survival, they control Tcon proliferation in the early phases of HCT. These studies provide relevant insights on the mechanisms of Treg-mediated protection from GVHD and support for the use of third-party Treg in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pierini
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and
| | - Lucrezia Colonna
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Maite Alvarez
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and
| | - Dominik Schneidawind
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and
| | - Hidekazu Nishikii
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and
| | - Jeanette Baker
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and
| | - Yuqiong Pan
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and
| | - Mareike Florek
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and
| | - Byung-Su Kim
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and
| | - Robert S Negrin
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and
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9
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Pilon CB, Petillon S, Naserian S, Martin GH, Badoual C, Lang P, Azoulay D, Piaggio E, Grimbert P, Cohen JL. Administration of low doses of IL-2 combined to rapamycin promotes allogeneic skin graft survival in mice. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:2874-82. [PMID: 25394722 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Human CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) prevent allogeneic graft rejection by inhibiting T cell activation, as has been shown in mouse models. Recently, low-dose IL-2 administration was shown to specifically activate Tregs but not pathogenic conventional T cells, leading to resolution of type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. We therefore tested the ability of low-dose IL-2 to prevent allogeneic skin graft rejection. We found that while IL-2 alone was inefficient in preventing rejection, combined with rapamycin, IL-2 treatment promoted skin graft survival both in minor disparate and semi-allogeneic skin graft combinations. Tregs are activated by this combined treatment while conventional CD4(+) cell expansion and activation are markedly inhibited. Co-administration of anti-CD25 antibodies dramatically reduces the effect of the IL-2/rapamycin treatment, strongly supporting a central role for Treg activation. Thus, we provide the first preclinical data showing that low-dose IL-2 combined with rapamycin can significantly delay transplant rejection in mice. These findings may form the rational for clinical evaluation of this novel approach for the prevention of transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Pilon
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France; Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U 955, Créteil, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, CIC-BT-504, Créteil, France
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10
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Potential limitations of IL-2 administration for the treatment of experimental acute graft-versus-host disease. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:173-84. [PMID: 25445496 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Low-dose IL-2 administration can control autoimmunity by specifically activating CD4(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs). Here, we studied IL-2-based immunotherapy in experimental graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). IL-2 administration to donor mice induced a dose-dependent expansion of Tregs in the graft but was insufficient to control GVHD. IL-2 administration to allogeneic-grafted recipient mice activated T-conventional cells (Tcons) and did not prevent GVHD. This loss of IL-2 selectivity toward Tregs was explained by an IL-2-induced increase in the IL-2 receptor α-chain expression on Tcons. Finally, in xeno-GVHD generated by human PBMCs transplanted into immunodeficient mice, low-dose IL-2 increased Treg frequencies but did neither control pro-inflammatory cytokine production by pathogenic Tcons, nor prevented GVHD. Furthermore, combination of low-dose IL-2 with rapamycin was ineffective in this model. Our results indicate that limitations on the use of IL-2 during acute GVHD are likely due to the massive activation of the allogeneic T cells unique to this setting.
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11
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Clark DA. Popular myths in reproductive immunology. J Reprod Immunol 2014; 104-105:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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