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Guerra-Espinosa C, Jiménez-Fernández M, Sánchez-Madrid F, Serrador JM. ICAMs in Immunity, Intercellular Adhesion and Communication. Cells 2024; 13:339. [PMID: 38391953 PMCID: PMC10886500 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions among leukocytes and leukocytes with immune-associated auxiliary cells represent an essential feature of the immune response that requires the involvement of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). In the immune system, CAMs include a wide range of members pertaining to different structural and functional families involved in cell development, activation, differentiation and migration. Among them, β2 integrins (LFA-1, Mac-1, p150,95 and αDβ2) are predominantly involved in homotypic and heterotypic leukocyte adhesion. β2 integrins bind to intercellular (I)CAMs, actin cytoskeleton-linked receptors belonging to immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF)-CAMs expressed by leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells, enabling leukocyte activation and transendothelial migration. β2 integrins have long been viewed as the most important ICAMs partners, propagating intracellular signalling from β2 integrin-ICAM adhesion receptor interaction. In this review, we present previous evidence from pioneering studies and more recent findings supporting an important role for ICAMs in signal transduction. We also discuss the contribution of immune ICAMs (ICAM-1, -2, and -3) to reciprocal cell signalling and function in processes in which β2 integrins supposedly take the lead, paying particular attention to T cell activation, differentiation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Guerra-Espinosa
- Immune System Development and Function Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Jiménez-Fernández
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.-F.); (F.S.-M.)
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 29029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.-F.); (F.S.-M.)
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 29029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M. Serrador
- Immune System Development and Function Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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2
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Xiao X, Han Y, Li Q, Zheng D, Cheng CY, Ni Y. Exploring the evolving function of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in junction dynamics during spermatogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1281812. [PMID: 38260159 PMCID: PMC10801026 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1281812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on immune, endothelial, and epithelial cells. Its ectodomain can be proteolytically cleaved to release a circulating soluble form called sICAM-1. Clinical studies demonstrate sICAM-1 is upregulated in various diseases and associated with disease severity. Research has identified sICAM-1 as a regulator of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and spermatogenesis. Overexpression of sICAM-1 weakened the BTB in vitro and in vivo, downregulated junction proteins including N-cadherin, γ-catenin, and connexin 43, and caused germ cell loss. This contrasts with barrier-strengthening effects of membrane-bound ICAM-1. sICAM-1 may act as a molecular switch enabling germ cells to open BTB and Sertoli-germ cell adhesion for transport across the seminiferous epithelium. While the mechanism remains unclear, reduced SRC family kinase (SFK) signaling was observed following sICAM-1 overexpression. SRC promotes BTB protein endocytosis and degradation, influences cytoskeletal dynamics, and affects cell polarity. As sICAM-1 overexpression phenocopies SRC inhibition, SRC may operate downstream of sICAM-1 in regulating BTB dynamics and spermatogenesis. Investigating sICAM-1's structure-function regions and downstream targets will elucidate the molecular mechanisms of junction disruption. This knowledge could enable strategies targeting sICAM-1/SRC to modulate BTB permeability and treat male infertility or diseases involving endothelial/epithelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yating Han
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongwang Zheng
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - C. Yan Cheng
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Ni
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
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3
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Haydinger CD, Ashander LM, Tan ACR, Smith JR. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1: More than a Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050743. [PMID: 37237555 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed on the surface of multiple cell populations and upregulated by inflammatory stimuli. It mediates cellular adhesive interactions by binding to the β2 integrins macrophage antigen 1 and leukocyte function-associated antigen 1, as well as other ligands. It has important roles in the immune system, including in leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium and transendothelial migration, and at the immunological synapse formed between lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. ICAM-1 has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of diverse diseases from cardiovascular diseases to autoimmune disorders, certain infections, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the structure and regulation of the ICAM1 gene and the ICAM-1 protein. We discuss the roles of ICAM-1 in the normal immune system and a selection of diseases to highlight the breadth and often double-edged nature of its functions. Finally, we discuss current therapeutics and opportunities for advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron D Haydinger
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Liam M Ashander
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Alwin Chun Rong Tan
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Justine R Smith
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
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4
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Ortíz GG, Briones-Torres AL, Benitez-King G, González-Ortíz LJ, Palacios-Magaña CV, Pacheco-Moisés FP. Beneficial Effect of Melatonin Alone or in Combination with Glatiramer Acetate and Interferon β-1b on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134217. [PMID: 35807462 PMCID: PMC9268121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a relevant animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation play a major role in the pathogenesis of MS and EAE. Melatonin, a neurohormone, has potent anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of our study was to assess the therapeutic properties of melatonin alone or in combination with interferon β-1b (IFNβ-1b) or glatiramer acetate (GA) on EAE. EAE was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats with an intraperitoneal injection of a homogenate of spinal cord and pig brain. At day 10 post immunization, rats were euthanized, and their brains were immediately excised and processed to measure oxidative stress markers and membrane fluidity. In addition, proinflammatory cytokines were quantified in plasma. Melatonin alone or in combination with GA and IFNβ-1b inhibited the disease process of EAE and the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, caused a significant decrement in oxidative stress markers, and preserved the membrane fluidity in the motor cortex, midbrain, and spinal cord. The cumulative index score was significantly reduced in EAE rats treated with melatonin alone or in combination with GA and IFNβ-1b. In conclusion, our findings provide preclinical evidence for the use of melatonin as an adjuvant therapeutic treatment for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Gabriel Ortíz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Ana Laura Briones-Torres
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.J.G.-O.); (C.V.P.-M.)
| | - Gloria Benitez-King
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
| | - Luis Javier González-Ortíz
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.J.G.-O.); (C.V.P.-M.)
| | - Claudia Verónica Palacios-Magaña
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.J.G.-O.); (C.V.P.-M.)
| | - Fermín Paul Pacheco-Moisés
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.J.G.-O.); (C.V.P.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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Clénet ML, Laurent C, Lemaitre F, Farzam-Kia N, Tastet O, Devergne O, Lahav B, Girard M, Duquette P, Prat A, Larochelle C, Arbour N. The IL-27/IL-27R axis is altered in CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis patients. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1262. [PMID: 33728050 PMCID: PMC7934284 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory properties have been attributed to interleukin‐27 (IL‐27). Nevertheless, the impact of this cytokine on chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) remains ill‐defined. We investigated the biology of IL‐27 and its specific receptor IL‐27Rα in MS patients. Methods Levels of IL‐27 and its natural antagonist (IL‐27‐Rα) were measured by ELISA in biological fluids. CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were isolated from untreated relapsing–remitting MS patients and healthy donors. Transcriptome‐wide analysis compared T‐cell subsets stimulated or not with IL‐27. Expression of the IL‐27Rα, key immune factors, STAT phosphorylation and cytokine production was assessed by flow cytometry. Results We observed elevated levels of IL‐27 in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients compared with controls. Moreover, we show that specific IL‐27‐mediated effects on T lymphocytes are reduced in MS patients including the induction of PD‐L1. IL‐27‐triggered STAT3 signalling pathway is enhanced in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes from MS patients. Elevated IL‐27Rα levels in serum from MS patients are sufficient to impair the capacity of IL‐27 to act on immune cells. We demonstrate that shedding of IL‐27Rα by activated CD4+ T lymphocytes from MS patients contributes to the increased IL‐27Rα peripheral levels and consequently can dampen the IL‐27 responsiveness. Conclusion Our work identifies several mechanisms that are altered in the IL‐27/IL‐27R axis in MS patients, especially in T lymphocytes. Our results underline the importance of characterising the biology of cytokines in human patients prior to design new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Clénet
- Department of Neurosciences Université de Montréal and CRCHUM Montreal QC Canada
| | - Cyril Laurent
- Department of Neurosciences Université de Montréal and CRCHUM Montreal QC Canada
| | - Florent Lemaitre
- Department of Neurosciences Université de Montréal and CRCHUM Montreal QC Canada
| | - Negar Farzam-Kia
- Department of Neurosciences Université de Montréal and CRCHUM Montreal QC Canada
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Department of Neurosciences Université de Montréal and CRCHUM Montreal QC Canada
| | - Odile Devergne
- INSERM CNRS Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses Sorbonne Université Paris France
| | | | - Marc Girard
- Department of Neurosciences Université de Montréal and CRCHUM Montreal QC Canada.,MS-CHUM Clinic Montreal QC Canada
| | - Pierre Duquette
- Department of Neurosciences Université de Montréal and CRCHUM Montreal QC Canada.,MS-CHUM Clinic Montreal QC Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Department of Neurosciences Université de Montréal and CRCHUM Montreal QC Canada.,MS-CHUM Clinic Montreal QC Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Department of Neurosciences Université de Montréal and CRCHUM Montreal QC Canada.,MS-CHUM Clinic Montreal QC Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Department of Neurosciences Université de Montréal and CRCHUM Montreal QC Canada
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6
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Bui TM, Wiesolek HL, Sumagin R. ICAM-1: A master regulator of cellular responses in inflammation, injury resolution, and tumorigenesis. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:787-799. [PMID: 32182390 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mr0220-549r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ICAM-1 is a cell surface glycoprotein and an adhesion receptor that is best known for regulating leukocyte recruitment from circulation to sites of inflammation. However, in addition to vascular endothelial cells, ICAM-1 expression is also robustly induced on epithelial and immune cells in response to inflammatory stimulation. Importantly, ICAM-1 serves as a biosensor to transduce outside-in-signaling via association of its cytoplasmic domain with the actin cytoskeleton following ligand engagement of the extracellular domain. Thus, ICAM-1 has emerged as a master regulator of many essential cellular functions both at the onset and at the resolution of pathologic conditions. Because the role of ICAM-1 in driving inflammatory responses is well recognized, this review will mainly focus on newly emerging roles of ICAM-1 in epithelial injury-resolution responses, as well as immune cell effector function in inflammation and tumorigenesis. ICAM-1 has been of clinical and therapeutic interest for some time now; however, several attempts at inhibiting its function to improve injury resolution have failed. Perhaps, better understanding of its beneficial roles in resolution of inflammation or its emerging function in tumorigenesis will spark new interest in revisiting the clinical value of ICAM-1 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triet M Bui
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hannah L Wiesolek
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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7
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Ding Y, Yang C, Zhou Z, Peng Y, Chen J, Pan S, Xu H, Cai Y, Ou K, Xie W, Wang H. Clinical significance of soluble adhesion molecules in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:945-953. [PMID: 31139692 PMCID: PMC6529932 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that immune system dysfunction affects anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. This study aims to investigate the relationship between adhesion molecules and the pathophysiology in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis. Soluble forms of Intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1), vascular adhesion molecule‐1 (sVCAM‐1), and L‐selectin (sL‐selectin), were measured in the CSF and serum of 26 participants with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, 11 patients with schizophrenia and 22 patients with noninflammatory disorders. CSF levels of sICAM‐1, sVCAM‐1 and sL‐selectin were significantly elevated in the anti‐NMDAR encephalitis group. sVCAM‐1 levels were positively associated with modified Rankin scale score in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis patients at the onset and 3‐month follow‐up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewen Ding
- Department of Neurology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Chengjia Yang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangdong Mental Health Center Guangzhou China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangdong Province China
| | - Zheyi Zhou
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangdong Province China.,Department of Neurology Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital Liuzhou China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Jinyu Chen
- Department of Neurology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Suyue Pan
- Department of Neurology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Hong Xu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangdong Province China
| | - Yuping Cai
- Hexian Memorial Hospital Guangzhou China
| | - Kaiyun Ou
- Department of Neurology Laibin People's Hospital Laibin China
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Honghao Wang
- Department of Neurology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
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8
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Haque M, Lei F, Xiong X, Das JK, Ren X, Fang D, Salek-Ardakani S, Yang JM, Song J. Stem cell-derived tissue-associated regulatory T cells suppress the activity of pathogenic cells in autoimmune diabetes. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126471. [PMID: 30777937 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The autoantigen-specific Tregs from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), i.e., PSC-Tregs, have the ability to suppress autoimmunity. PSC-Tregs can be programmed to be tissue associated and to infiltrate into local inflamed tissues to suppress autoimmune responses after adoptive transfer. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which the autoantigen-specific PSC-Tregs suppress the autoimmune response remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we generated functional autoantigen-specific Tregs from the induced PSC (iPSCs), i.e., iPSC-Tregs, and investigated the underlying mechanisms of autoimmunity suppression by these Tregs in a type 1 diabetes (T1D) murine model. A double-Tg mouse model of T1D was established in F1 mice, in which the first generation of RIP-mOVA Tg mice that were crossed with OT-I T cell receptor (TCR) Tg mice was challenged with vaccinia viruses expressing OVA (VACV-OVA). We show that adoptive transfer of OVA-specific iPSC-Tregs greatly suppressed autoimmunity in the animal model and prevented the insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells from destruction. Further, we demonstrate that the adoptive transfer significantly reduced the expression of ICAM-1 in the diabetic pancreas and inhibited the migration of pathogenic CD8+ T cells and the production of the proinflammatory IFN-γ in the pancreas. These results indicate that the stem cell-derived tissue-associated Tregs can robustly accumulate in the diabetic pancreas, and, through downregulating the expression of ICAM-1 in the local inflamed tissues and inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ, suppress the migration and activity of the pathogenic immune cells that cause T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Haque
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Fengyang Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaofang Xiong
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jugal Kishore Das
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Xingcong Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shahram Salek-Ardakani
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jin-Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jianxun Song
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
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López-González A, Álvarez-Sánchez N, Lardone PJ, Cruz-Chamorro I, Martínez-López A, Guerrero JM, Reiter RJ, Carrillo-Vico A. Melatonin treatment improves primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a case report. J Pineal Res 2015; 58:173-7. [PMID: 25546814 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the case of a female patient who, at the age of 28, was diagnosed with symptoms of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). Glucocorticoid treatment was immediately initiated. The disease and the demyelinating lesions progressed during the following 9 years reaching Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 8.0 (patient essentially restricted to bed, a chair or perambulated in a wheelchair). At this point, the patient began taking melatonin at doses ranging from 50 to 300 mg per day. Melatonin was her only treatment for the next 4 years; during this interval, her EDSS progressively recovered to 6.0 (the person needs intermittent or unilateral constant assistance such as cane, crutch, or brace to walk 100 meters with or without resting). This long-lasting improvement is likely due to melatonin usage since it is related in time and because of its exceptionally long duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio López-González
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virgen Macarena & Virgen del Rocío University Hospitals, Seville, Spain
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10
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Ramos TN, Bullard DC, Barnum SR. ICAM-1: isoforms and phenotypes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4469-74. [PMID: 24795464 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
ICAM-1 plays an important role in leukocyte trafficking, immunological synapse formation, and numerous cellular immune responses. Although considered a single glycoprotein, there are multiple membrane-bound and soluble ICAM-1 isoforms that arise from alternative splicing and proteolytic cleavage during inflammatory responses. The function and expression of these isoforms on various cell types are poorly understood. In the generation of ICAM-1-deficient mice, two isoform-deficient ICAM-1 mutants were inadvertently produced as a result of alternative splicing. These mice, along with true ICAM-1-deficient mice and newly generated ICAM-1-transgenic mice, have provided the opportunity to begin examining the role of ICAM-1 isoforms (singly or in combination) in various disease settings. In this review, we highlight the sharply contrasting disease phenotypes using ICAM-1 isoform mutant mice. These studies demonstrate that ICAM-1 immunobiology is highly complex but that individual isoforms, aside from the full-length molecule, make significant contributions to disease development and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa N Ramos
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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