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Simon S, de Thoisy B, Mercier A, Nacher M, Demar M. Virulence of atypical Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated in French Guiana in a murine model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:60. [PMID: 31549631 PMCID: PMC6757855 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2019048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite of warm-blooded vertebrates. Most infections in immunocompetent patients are asymptomatic. However, since 2000s, strains with particular genetic profiles that differ from the known clonal type (type I, II, III), have been described. In French Guiana, these strains are highly pathogenic in immunocompetent patients. They have defined a new clinical entity called Amazonian Toxoplasmosis. The present study aims to further improve our knowledge on the pathogenicity of these Amazonian T. gondii strains in comparison with three reference strains using Swiss strain mice. With these data, we tried to establish a predictive virulence score to classify these strains, but also to correlate this virulence with the severity of the disease in infected patients. Results. All the virulence indicators revealed that the Amazonian strains isolated in French Guiana presented a high virulence profile, but lower than the highly virulent type I reference RH strain. The findings reveal differences in virulence between human and animal strains, but also between anthropized and wild strains. Conclusion. In addition to being a clinically relevant animal model of Amazonian Toxoplasmosis, this model could also provide a solid experimental basis for future studies aiming to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Amazonian Toxoplasmosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Simon
- Equipe EA3593 - Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Université de la Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana - Laboratoire de Parasitologie - Mycologie, Cayenne General Hospital, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Benoit de Thoisy
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Aurélien Mercier
- INSERM UMR_S 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges, Limoges 87025, France - Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Ressource Center, CHU Limoges, 87042 Limoges, France
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Equipe EA3593 - Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Université de la Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana - Centre d'Investigation Clinique Epidémiologie Clinique Antilles Guyane CIC CIE 1424, Cayenne General Hospital, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Magalie Demar
- Equipe EA3593 - Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Université de la Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana - Laboratoire de Parasitologie - Mycologie, Cayenne General Hospital, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
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2
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Huang B, Huang S, Chen X, Liu XB, Wu Q, Wang Y, Li X, Li K, Gao H, Cen S, Lin R, Liu Z, Jin X. Activation of Mast Cells Promote Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infection in Murine Model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:322. [PMID: 31552201 PMCID: PMC6747038 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria, a mosquito-borne infectious disease, is a severe health problem worldwide. As reported, some anti-malarial drugs with anti-parasitic properties also block mast cells (MCs) activities. It is hypothesized that MCs activity may be correlated with the pathogenesis of malaria. Thus, the role of MCs on malarial pathogenesis and the involved physiological action and pathways need to be further investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of MCs activation on malaria disease severity using KunMing mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbANKA) infection treated with MCs degranulator (compound 48/80, C48/80) or MCs stabilizer (disodium cromoglycate, DSCG). PbANKA infection caused a dramatic increase in MCs density and level of MCs degranulation in cervical lymph node (CLN) and skin. Compared with infected control, C48/80 treatment had shortened survival time, increased parasitemia, exacerbated liver inflammation and CLN hyperplasia, accompanied with increase in vascular leakage and leukocyte number. The infected mice with C48/80 treatment also elevated the release of CCL2, CXCL1, and MMP-9 from MCs in CLN and skin, and TNF-α, IFN-γ, CCR2, and CXCR2 mRNA expression in CLN and liver. In contrast, the infected mice treated with DSCG showed longer survival time, lower parasitemia, improved liver inflammation and CLN hyperplasia, followed by a decline of vascular leakage and leukocyte number. Decreased MCs-derived CCL2, CXCL1, and MMP-9 from CLN and skin, mRNA expression in CLN and liver (TNF-α, IFN-γ, CCR2, and CXCR2) were also observed in infected mice with DSCG treatment. Our data indicated that MCs activation may facilitate the pathogenesis of PbANKA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiguang Huang
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Bo Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunning Li
- Lady Davis institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hongzhi Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shan Cen
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongtuan Lin
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhenlong Liu
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Park EA, Han IH, Kim JH, Park SJ, Ryu JS, Ahn MH. Production of Inflammatory Cytokines and Nitric Oxide by Human Mast Cells Incubated with Toxoplasma gondii Lysate. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:201-206. [PMID: 31104415 PMCID: PMC6526212 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.2.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The roles of mast cells in allergic diseases and helminth infections are well known. However, the roles of mast cells in T. gondii infection is poorly understood. This study was focused on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-4), chemokines (CXCL8, MCP-1) and nitric oxide (NO) by mast cells in response to soluble lysate of T. gondii tachyzoites. Production of CXCL8 (IL-8), MCP-1, TNF-α and IL-4 were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA. Western blot were used for detection of CXCR-1 and CXCR2. Our results showed that T. gondii lysates triggered mast cells to release CXCL8, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-4 and to produce NO. This suggests that mast cells play an important role in inflammatory responses to T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ah Park
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ik-Hwan Han
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Soon-Jung Park
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jae-Sook Ryu
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Myoung-Hee Ahn
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
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4
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Campillo-Navarro M, Leyva-Paredes K, Donis-Maturano L, Rodríguez-López GM, Soria-Castro R, García-Pérez BE, Puebla-Osorio N, Ullrich SE, Luna-Herrera J, Flores-Romo L, Sumano-López H, Pérez-Tapia SM, Estrada-Parra S, Estrada-García I, Chacón-Salinas R. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Catalase Inhibits the Formation of Mast Cell Extracellular Traps. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1161. [PMID: 29892297 PMCID: PMC5985745 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of human morbidity and mortality. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) employs different strategies to evade and counterattack immune responses persisting for years. Mast cells are crucial during innate immune responses and help clear infections via inflammation or by direct antibacterial activity through extracellular traps (MCETs). Whether Mtb induce MCETs production is unknown. In this study, we report that viable Mtb did not induce DNA release by mast cells, but heat-killed Mtb (HK-Mtb) did. DNA released by mast cells after stimulation with HK-Mtb was complexed with histone and tryptase. MCETs induced with PMA and HK-Mtb were unable to kill live Mtb bacilli. Mast cells stimulated with HK-Mtb induced hydrogen peroxide production, whereas cells stimulated with viable Mtb did not. Moreover, MCETs induction by HK-Mtb was dependent of NADPH oxidase activity, because its blockade resulted in a diminished DNA release by mast cells. Interestingly, catalase-deficient Mtb induced a significant production of hydrogen peroxide and DNA release by mast cells, indicating that catalase produced by Mtb prevents MCETs release by degrading hydrogen peroxide. Our findings show a new strategy employed by Mtb to overcome the immune response through inhibiting MCETs formation, which could be relevant during early stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Campillo-Navarro
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico.,Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Kahiry Leyva-Paredes
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico
| | - Luis Donis-Maturano
- Department of Cell Biology, Cinvestav, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - Gloria M Rodríguez-López
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Soria-Castro
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico
| | - Blanca Estela García-Pérez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico
| | - Nahum Puebla-Osorio
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stephen E Ullrich
- Department of Immunology, The Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biological Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julieta Luna-Herrera
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Flores-Romo
- Department of Cell Biology, Cinvestav, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - Héctor Sumano-López
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Sonia M Pérez-Tapia
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico.,Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Estrada-Parra
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico
| | - Iris Estrada-García
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico
| | - Rommel Chacón-Salinas
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico.,Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico
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5
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Tong X, Chen S, Zheng H, Huang S, Lu F. Increased IL-27/IL-27R expression in association with the immunopathology of murine ocular toxoplasmosis. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:2255-2263. [PMID: 29779048 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 27 (IL-27) is a member of the IL-6/IL-12 family, and IL-27 receptor (IL-27R) consists of WSX-1 (the IL-27Rα subunit) and the signal-transducing subunit gp130. Human and mouse mast cells (MCs) express the IL-27R. To explore the expressions of IL-27/IL-27R subunits (WSX-1 and gp130) during acute ocular toxoplasmosis (OT), we established mouse model by intraocular injection of 500 Toxoplasma gondii RH strain tachyzoites. Histopathological changes were analyzed, MCs were counted by toluidine blue staining, and tryptase+/IL-27+ MCs were examined by immunofluorescence double-staining in the eyes and cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) of T. gondii-infected mice. The mRNA expressions of IL-27p28, WSX-1, gp130, and tachyzoite specific surface antigen 1 (SAG1) in the eyes and CLNs of T. gondii-infected mice, and the expressions of WSX-1 and gp130 in the murine mastocytoma cell line P815 infected with T. gondii tachyzoites in vitro were examined by using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed that, after T. gondii infection, severe histopathological changes, increased numbers of total MCs and degranulated MCs, elevated expressions of IL-27p28, WSX-1, and gp130 were found in the eyes and CLNs, and significant correlations between the levels of IL-27 and SAG1 existed in the eyes and CLNs of T. gondii-infected mice. In addition, increased levels of WSX-1 and gp130 were examined in T. gondii-infected P815 cells. Our data suggested that IL-27/IL-27R expression induced by T. gondii infection may regulate MC-mediated immune response during acute OT in mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Tong
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Shengjie Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Huanqin Zheng
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Shiguang Huang
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Fangli Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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6
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New roles and controls of mast cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 50:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Vicentino-Vieira SL, Góis MB, Trevizan AR, de Lima LL, Leatte EP, Nogueira de Melo GDA, Garcia JL, Araújo EJDA, Sant'Ana DDMG. Toxoplasma gondii infection causes structural changes in the jejunum of rats infected with different inoculum doses. Life Sci 2017; 191:141-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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8
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Li X, Chen S, Huang S, Lu F. Mast cell activator compound 48/40 is not an effective adjuvant for UV-attenuated Toxoplasma gondii vaccine. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:2347-2353. [PMID: 28573462 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5522-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii, Tg) is a globally distributed parasitic protozoan causing different forms of toxoplasmosis in humans. Mast cells (MCs) play a role during T. gondii infection. Several studies suggest that MC activator compound 48/80 (C48/80) may be an effective vaccine adjuvant resulting in a potent and protective antigen-specific immune response against bacteria or virus infections. The present study was performed to determine whether C48/80 had adjuvant activity for ultraviolet (UV)-attenuated T. gondii vaccine to induce protective immune responses against T. gondii in mouse model. Kunming mice were divided into the following groups: naive mice, naive mice administrated with C48/80 intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, mice infected by i.p. injection of 104 T. gondii RH strain alone (Tg group), mice infected with 104 RH tachyzoites plus C48/80 administration (Tg + C48/80), mice immunized with UV-Tg alone, and mice immunized with UV-Tg plus C48/80 administration (UV-Tg + C48/80). All the vaccinated mice were challenged with 104 tachyzoites of T. gondii RH strain at the same time as the primary infection. The survival rates, liver histopathologies, liver parasite burdens, and mRNA expression levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the livers and spleens detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were compared among the aforementioned groups after primary infection or challenge infection. The results showed that, compared to the Tg group or Tg + C48/80 group, the UV-Tg + Tg group and UV-Tg + C48/80 + Tg group had significantly prolonged survival time, lower liver histopathological scores, decreased liver parasite burdens, and increased levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the livers and spleens. There was no significant difference of survival time between the UV-Tg + Tg group and the UV-Tg + C48/80 + Tg group; however, the UV-Tg + C48/80 + Tg group showed higher parasite burden, more severe liver histopathology, and decreased IL-4 level compared to the UV-Tg + Tg group. These results indicate that C48/80 had no adjuvant activity for the immunization induced by UV-attenuated T. gondii vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengjie Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiguang Huang
- Jinan University School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fangli Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Lu F, Huang S. The Roles of Mast Cells in Parasitic Protozoan Infections. Front Immunol 2017; 8:363. [PMID: 28428784 PMCID: PMC5382204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Protozoan parasites such as Plasmodium spp., Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp., and Toxoplasma gondii are major causes of parasitic diseases in both humans and animals. The immune system plays a critical role against protozoa, but their immune mechanism remains poorly understood. This highlights the need to investigate the function of immune cells involved in the process of parasite infections and the responses of host immune system to parasite infections. Mast cells (MCs) are known to be central players in allergy and anaphylaxis, and it has been demonstrated that MCs have crucial roles in host defense against a number of different pathogens, including parasites. To date, there are many studies that have examined the interaction of helminth-derived antigens and MCs. As one of the major effector cells, MCs also play an important role in the immune response against some parasitic protozoa, but their role in protozoan infections is, however, less well characterized. Herein, we review the current knowledge about the roles of MCs and their mediators during infections involving highly pathogenic protozoa including Plasmodium spp., Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp., and T. gondii. We offer a general review of the data from patients and experimental animal models infected with the aforementioned protozoa, which correlate MCs and MC-derived mediators with exacerbated inflammation and disease progression as well as protection against the parasitic infections in different circumstances. This review updates our current understanding of the roles of MCs during parasitic protozoan infections, and the participation of MCs in parasitic protozoan infections could be of a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiguang Huang
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Camargo ACL, Dos Santos SAA, Rinaldi JC, Constantino FB, Colombelli KT, Scarano WR, Felisbino SL, Justulin LA. Streptozotocin-Induced Maternal Hyperglycemia Increases the Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes and Mast Cell Number in Offspring Rat Ventral Prostate. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 300:291-299. [PMID: 27788294 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has increased in recent years. Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in GDM-increased risk factors to offspring remained poorly understood, some studies suggested an association between an increase in oxidative stress induced by maternal hyperglycemia and complications for both mothers and newborns. Here, we investigated the impact of maternal hyperglycemia followed by maternal insulin replacement during lactation on the expression of antioxidant enzymes and mast cell number in offspring ventral prostate (VP) at puberty. Pregnant rats were divided into three groups: control (CT); streptozotocin-induced maternal hyperglycemia (MH); and MH plus maternal insulin replacement during lactation (MHI). Male offspring were euthanized at postnatal day (PND) 60 and the VP was removed and processed for histology and Western blotting analyses. Maternal hyperglycemia delayed prostate maturation, and increased mast cell number catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutatione-s-transferase (GST-pi), and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression in the offspring of hyperglycemic dams. Maternal insulin replacement restored VP structure, mast cell number and antioxidant protein expression, except for Cox-2, which remained higher in the MHI group. Thus, an increase in oxidative stress induced by intrauterine hyperglycemia impacts prostate development and maturation, which persists until puberty. The overall improvement of maternal metabolism after insulin administration contributes to the restoration of prostate antioxidant enzymes and secretory function. Taken together, our results highlighted that imbalanced physiological maternal-fetal interaction contributes to the impairment of reproductive performance of the offspring from diabetic mothers. Anat Rec, 300:291-299, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C L Camargo
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio A A Dos Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline C Rinaldi
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia B Constantino
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ketlin T Colombelli
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellerson R Scarano
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L Felisbino
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis A Justulin
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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11
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Fang Y, Xiang Z. Roles and relevance of mast cells in infection and vaccination. J Biomed Res 2015; 30:253-63. [PMID: 26565602 PMCID: PMC4946316 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.30.20150038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to their well-established role in allergy mast cells have been described as contributing to functional regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses in host defense. Mast cells are of hematopoietic origin but typically complete their differentiation in tissues where they express immune regulatory functions by releasing diverse mediators and cytokines. Mast cells are abundant at mucosal tissues which are portals of entry for common infectious agents in addition to allergens. Here, we review the current understanding of the participation of mast cells in defense against infection. We also discuss possibilities of exploiting mast cell activation to provide adequate adjuvant activity that is needed in high-quality vaccination against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Research Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden.
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