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Koshkin IN, Vlasenko VS, Pleshakova VI, Alkhimova LE, Elyshev AV, Kulakov IV. Morphology of Lymphoid Tissue in the Lungs of Guinea Pigs Infected with Mycobacterium bovis against the Background of Vaccine Immunity and the Action of Betulin and Its Derivatives. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122084. [PMID: 36560494 PMCID: PMC9784198 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is a serious problem for animal and human health worldwide. A promising concept for the design of anti-tuberculosis drugs is the conjugation of an immunogenic fraction isolated from bacterial vaccines with a stimulating component. Taking this principle as a basis, conjugates based on BCG antigens with betulin and its derivatives (betulonic and betulinic acids) were designed. The aim of this research was to study the morphological changes in the lymphoid tissue associated with the bronchial mucosa lungs (BALT) in guinea pigs sensitized with experimental conjugates using a model of experimental tuberculosis. The results showed a significant decrease in the BALT response, expressed by a decrease in the diameter of lymphatic follicles and a decrease in their activity when exposed to conjugates based on BCG antigens with betulin and, especially, with betulonic acid, with a visually greater number of plasma cells observed in the lung tissues of guinea pigs of these groups. The absence of tuberculous foci and low BALT activity in the lungs of animals treated with betulin and betulonic acid are probably associated with the activation of humoral immunity under the action of these conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan N. Koshkin
- The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Omsk State Agrarian University Named after P.A. Stolypin, 2 Institutskaya Ploshchad, 644008 Omsk, Russia
| | - Vasily S. Vlasenko
- Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center, 26 Koroleva Ave., 644012 Omsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (V.S.V.); (I.V.K.)
| | - Valentina I. Pleshakova
- The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Omsk State Agrarian University Named after P.A. Stolypin, 2 Institutskaya Ploshchad, 644008 Omsk, Russia
| | - Larisa E. Alkhimova
- Center of Nature-Inspired Engineering, University of Tyumen, 15a Perekopskaya St., 625003 Tyumen, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Elyshev
- Center of Nature-Inspired Engineering, University of Tyumen, 15a Perekopskaya St., 625003 Tyumen, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Kulakov
- Center of Nature-Inspired Engineering, University of Tyumen, 15a Perekopskaya St., 625003 Tyumen, Russia
- Correspondence: (V.S.V.); (I.V.K.)
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2
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Zhang Y, Huo F, Cao Q, Jia R, Huang Q, Wang ZA, Theodorescu D, Lv Q, Li P, Yan C. FimH confers mannose-targeting ability to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin for improved immunotherapy in bladder cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003939. [PMID: 35361729 PMCID: PMC8971803 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is a common disease worldwide with most patients presenting with the non-muscle-invasive form (NMIBC) at initial diagnosis. Postoperational intravesical instillation of BCG is carried out for patients with high-risk disease to reduce tumor recurrence and progression to muscle invasive disease. However, BCG can also have side effects or be ineffective in some patients because it cannot enter the cancer cells. Thus, to improve the efficacy of BCG immunotherapy is the long-term pursuit of the bladder cancer field. METHODS To increase the adhesion of BCG to the urothelium we overexpressed FimH, a mannose binding protein naturally used by uropathogenic Escherichia coli to adhere to human urothelium, onto the surface of BCG. The adhesion/internalization ability of rBCG-S.FimH was examined in mouse bladder by fluorescence microscopy. Preclinical evaluation of antitumor efficacy was carried out in orthotopic mouse models of bladder cancer and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mechanistic studies were carried out using toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) knockout mice. Immune cells and cytokines in the serum, tumor and lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry, PCR, ELISA and ELISPOT. RESULTS rBCG-S.FimH exhibited markedly improved adhesion and more rapid internalization into urothelial cells than wild-type BCG, resulting in more potent antitumor activity in orthotopic murine models of bladder cancer. To our surprise, rBCG-S.FimH elicited a much more prominent Th1-biased immune response known to be positively correlated with BCG efficacy. Mechanistic studies using TLR4 knockout mouse showed that rBCG-S.FimH could induce enhanced dendritic cell activation and tumor antigen-specific immune response in a TLR4-dependent manner. Furthermore, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by rBCG-S.FimH also showed better tumoricidal effects than those using wild-type BCG. CONCLUSION rBCG-S.FimH is a novel BCG strain with significantly improved efficacy against bladder cancer. Since intravesical BCG immunotherapy is the first-line treatment for NMIBC, which accounts for more than 70% of all bladder cancer cases, our results provide a compelling rationale for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ru Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiju Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhu A Wang
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Surgery (Urology), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Qiang Lv
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengchao Li
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China .,Engineering Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Ivanyi J. Tuberculosis vaccination needs to avoid 'decoy' immune reactions. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020; 126:102021. [PMID: 33254012 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current search for a new effective vaccine against tuberculosis involves selected antigens, vectors and adjuvants. These are being evaluated usually by their booster inoculation following priming with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. The purpose of this article is to point out, that despite being attenuated of virulence, priming with BCG may still involve immune mechanisms, which are not favourable for protection against active disease. It is postulated, that the responsible 'decoy' constituents selected during the evolution of pathogenic tubercle bacilli may be involved in the evasion from bactericidal host resistance and stimulate immune responses of a cytokine phenotype, which lead to the transition from latent closed granulomas to reactivation with infectious lung cavities. The decoy mechanisms appear as favourable for most infected subjects but leading in a minority of cases to pathology which can effectively transmit the infection. It is proposed that construction and development of new vaccine candidates could benefit from avoiding decoy-type immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Ivanyi
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Guy's Campus of Kings College London, SE1, 1UL, United kingdom.
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4
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D'Agostino MR, Lai R, Afkhami S, Khera A, Yao Y, Vaseghi-Shanjani M, Zganiacz A, Jeyanathan M, Xing Z. Airway Macrophages Mediate Mucosal Vaccine-Induced Trained Innate Immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Early Stages of Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2750-2762. [PMID: 32998983 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), is responsible for millions of infections and deaths annually. Decades of TB vaccine development have focused on adaptive T cell immunity, whereas the importance of innate immune contributions toward vaccine efficacy has only recently been recognized. Airway macrophages (AwM) are the predominant host cell during early pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection and, therefore, represent attractive targets for vaccine-mediated immunity. We have demonstrated that respiratory mucosal immunization with a viral-vectored vaccine imprints AwM, conferring enhanced protection against heterologous bacterial challenge. However, it is unknown if innate immune memory also protects against M. tuberculosis In this study, by using a murine model, we detail whether respiratory mucosal TB vaccination profoundly alters the airway innate immune landscape associated with AwM prior to M. tuberculosis exposure and whether such AwM play a critical role in host defense against M. tuberculosis infection. Our study reveals an important role of AwM in innate immune protection in early stages of M. tuberculosis infection in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R D'Agostino
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Rocky Lai
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sam Afkhami
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Amandeep Khera
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yushi Yao
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Maryam Vaseghi-Shanjani
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Anna Zganiacz
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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5
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Afkhami S, Villela AD, D’Agostino MR, Jeyanathan M, Gillgrass A, Xing Z. Advancing Immunotherapeutic Vaccine Strategies Against Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:557809. [PMID: 33013927 PMCID: PMC7509172 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.557809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic intervention remains the primary strategy in treating and controlling tuberculosis (TB). However, a complex interplay between therapeutic and patient-related factors leads to poor treatment adherence. This in turn continues to give rise to unacceptably high rates of disease relapse and the growing emergence of drug-resistant forms of TB. As such, there is considerable interest in strategies that simultaneously improve treatment outcome and shorten chemotherapy duration. Therapeutic vaccines represent one such approach which aims to accomplish this through boosting and/or priming novel anti-TB immune responses to accelerate disease resolution, shorten treatment duration, and enhance treatment success rates. Numerous therapeutic vaccine candidates are currently undergoing pre-clinical and clinical assessment, showing varying degrees of efficacy. By dissecting the underlying mechanisms/correlates of their successes and/or shortcomings, strategies can be identified to improve existing and future vaccine candidates. This mini-review will discuss the current understanding of therapeutic TB vaccine candidates, and discuss major strategies that can be implemented in advancing their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Afkhami
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Drumond Villela
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael R. D’Agostino
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Gillgrass
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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6
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Xing Z, Afkhami S, Bavananthasivam J, Fritz DK, D'Agostino MR, Vaseghi-Shanjani M, Yao Y, Jeyanathan M. Innate immune memory of tissue-resident macrophages and trained innate immunity: Re-vamping vaccine concept and strategies. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:825-834. [PMID: 32125045 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mr0220-446r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, our understanding of immunological memory has evolved remarkably due to a growing body of new knowledge in innate immune memory and immunity. Immunological memory now encompasses both innate and adaptive immune memory. The hypo-reactive and hyper-reactive types of innate immune memory lead to a suppressed and enhanced innate immune protective outcome, respectively. The latter is also named trained innate immunity (TII). The emerging information on innate immune memory has not only shed new light on the mechanisms of host defense but is also revolutionizing our long-held view of vaccination and vaccine strategies. Our current review will examine recent progress and knowledge gaps in innate immune memory with a focus on tissue-resident Mϕs, particularly lung Mϕs, and their relationship to local antimicrobial innate immunity. We will also discuss the impact of innate immune memory and TII on our understanding of vaccine concept and strategies and the significance of respiratory mucosal route of vaccination against respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sam Afkhami
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jegarubee Bavananthasivam
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dominik K Fritz
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael R D'Agostino
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryam Vaseghi-Shanjani
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yushi Yao
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Current affiliation: Department of Immunology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Abstract
Pulmonary respiration inevitably exposes the mucosal surface of the lung to potentially noxious stimuli, including pathogens, allergens, and particulates, each of which can trigger pulmonary damage and inflammation. As inflammation resolves, B and T lymphocytes often aggregate around large bronchi to form inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (iBALT). iBALT formation can be initiated by a diverse array of molecular pathways that converge on the activation and differentiation of chemokine-expressing stromal cells that serve as the scaffolding for iBALT and facilitate the recruitment, retention, and organization of leukocytes. Like conventional lymphoid organs, iBALT recruits naïve lymphocytes from the blood, exposes them to local antigens, in this case from the airways, and supports their activation and differentiation into effector cells. The activity of iBALT is demonstrably beneficial for the clearance of respiratory pathogens; however, it is less clear whether it dampens or exacerbates inflammatory responses to non-infectious agents. Here, we review the evidence regarding the role of iBALT in pulmonary immunity and propose that the final outcome depends on the context of the disease.
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8
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Wang X, Tang X, Zhou Z, Huang Q. Histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor enhances resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection through innate and adaptive immunity in mice. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:5062792. [PMID: 30085165 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Lab Medicine, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, 46# Lishan Road, Jinan 250013, China
- Medical Research and Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, 105# Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, 46# Lishan Road, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, 46# Lishan Road, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, 46# Lishan Road, Jinan 250013, China
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9
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Jeyanathan M, Yao Y, Afkhami S, Smaill F, Xing Z. New Tuberculosis Vaccine Strategies: Taking Aim at Un-Natural Immunity. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:419-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Jeyanathan M, Afkhami S, Khera A, Mandur T, Damjanovic D, Yao Y, Lai R, Haddadi S, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Jordana M, Kunkel SL, Xing Z. CXCR3 Signaling Is Required for Restricted Homing of Parenteral Tuberculosis Vaccine-Induced T Cells to Both the Lung Parenchyma and Airway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2555-2569. [PMID: 28827285 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although most novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines are designed for delivery via the muscle or skin for enhanced protection in the lung, it has remained poorly understood whether systemic vaccine-induced memory T cells can readily home to the lung mucosa prior to and shortly after pathogen exposure. We have investigated this issue by using a model of parenteral TB immunization and intravascular immunostaining. We find that systemically induced memory T cells are restricted to the blood vessels in the lung, unable to populate either the lung parenchymal tissue or the airway under homeostatic conditions. We further find that after pulmonary TB infection, it still takes many days before such T cells can enter the lung parenchymal tissue and airway. We have identified the acquisition of CXCR3 expression by circulating T cells to be critical for their entry to these lung mucosal compartments. Our findings offer new insights into mucosal T cell biology and have important implications in vaccine strategies against pulmonary TB and other intracellular infections in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Sam Afkhami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Amandeep Khera
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Talveer Mandur
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Daniela Damjanovic
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Yushi Yao
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Rocky Lai
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Siamak Haddadi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Manel Jordana
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Zhou Xing
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada; .,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
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11
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Targeting dendritic cells to accelerate T-cell activation overcomes a bottleneck in tuberculosis vaccine efficacy. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13894. [PMID: 28004802 PMCID: PMC5192216 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a tuberculosis (TB) vaccine that induces sterilizing immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been elusive. Absence of sterilizing immunity induced by TB vaccines may be due to delayed activation of mucosal dendritic cells (DCs), and subsequent delay in antigen presentation and activation of vaccine-induced CD4+ T-cell responses. Here we show that pulmonary delivery of activated M. tuberculosis antigen-primed DCs into vaccinated mice, at the time of M. tuberculosis exposure, can overcome the delay in accumulation of vaccine-induced CD4+ T-cell responses. In addition, activating endogenous host CD103+ DCs and the CD40–CD40L pathway can similarly induce rapid accumulation of vaccine-induced lung CD4+ T-cell responses and limit early M. tuberculosis growth. Thus, our study provides proof of concept that targeting mucosal DCs can accelerate vaccine-induced T-cell responses on M. tuberculosis infection, and provide insights to overcome bottlenecks in TB vaccine efficacy. A delay in T cell responses is postulated as a possible explanation for the limited efficacy of vaccines against tuberculosis. Here the authors demonstrate this T-cell block and remove it by activating endogenous dendritic cells or delivering activated dendritic cells to the lungs, enhancing immunity of mice to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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12
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Lai R, Afkhami S, Haddadi S, Jeyanathan M, Xing Z. Mucosal immunity and novel tuberculosis vaccine strategies: route of immunisation-determined T-cell homing to restricted lung mucosal compartments. Eur Respir Rev 2016; 24:356-60. [PMID: 26028646 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.00002515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the use of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for almost a century, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a serious global health concern. Therefore, there has been a pressing need for the development of new booster vaccines to enhance existing BCG-induced immunity. Protection following mucosal intranasal immunisation with AdHu5Ag85A is associated with the localisation of antigen-specific T-cells to the lung airway. However, parenteral intramuscular immunisation is unable to provide protection despite the apparent presence of antigen-specific T-cells in the lung interstitium. Recent advances in intravascular staining have allowed us to reassess the previously established T-cell distribution profile and its relationship with the observed differential protection. Respiratory mucosal immunisation empowers T-cells to home to both the lung interstitium and the airway lumen, whereas intramuscular immunisation-activated T-cells are largely trapped within the pulmonary vasculature, unable to populate the lung interstitium and airway. Given the mounting evidence supporting the safety and enhanced efficacy of respiratory mucosal immunisation over the traditional parenteral immunisation route, a greater effort should be made to clinically develop respiratory mucosal-deliverable TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocky Lai
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, and Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sam Afkhami
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, and Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Siamak Haddadi
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, and Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, and Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, and Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Developing aerosol vaccines for Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Workshop proceedings: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, April 9, 2014. Vaccine 2015; 33:3038-46. [PMID: 25869894 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
On April 9, 2014, Aeras and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases convened a workshop entitled "Developing Aerosol Vaccines for Mycobacterium tuberculosis" in Bethesda, MD. The purpose of the meeting was to explore the potential for developing aerosol vaccines capable of preventing infection with M. tuberculosis (Mtb), preventing the development of active tuberculosis (TB) among those latently infected with Mtb, or as immunotherapy for persons with active TB. The workshop was organized around four key questions relevant to developing and assessing aerosol TB vaccines: (1) What is the current knowledge about lung immune responses and early pathogenesis resulting after Mtb infection and what are the implications for aerosol TB vaccine strategies? (2) What are the technical issues surrounding aerosol vaccine delivery? (3) What is the current experience in aerosol TB vaccine development? and (4) What are the regulatory implications of developing aerosol vaccines, including those for TB? Lessons learned from the WHO effort to develop an aerosol measles vaccine served as a case example for overall discussions at the meeting. Workshop participants agreed that aerosol delivery represents a potentially important strategy in advancing TB vaccine development efforts. As no major regulatory, manufacturing or clinical impediments were identified, members of the workshop emphasized the need for greater support to further explore the potential for this delivery methodology, either alone or as an adjunct to traditional parenteral methods of vaccine administration.
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14
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Trigunaite A, Dimo J, Jørgensen TN. Suppressive effects of androgens on the immune system. Cell Immunol 2015; 294:87-94. [PMID: 25708485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sex-based disparities in immune responses are well known phenomena. The two most important factors accounting for the sex-bias in immunity are genetics and sex hormones. Effects of female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone are well established, however the role of testosterone is not completely understood. Evidence from unrelated studies points to an immunosuppressive role of testosterone on different components of the immune system, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remains unknown. In this review we evaluate the effect of testosterone on key cellular components of innate and adaptive immunity. Specifically, we highlight the importance of testosterone in down-regulating the systemic immune response by cell type specific effects in the context of immunological disorders. Further studies are required to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of testosterone-induced immunosuppression, leading the way to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Trigunaite
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH, USA.
| | - Joana Dimo
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH, USA.
| | - Trine N Jørgensen
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Pulmonary TB remains a leading global health issue, but the current Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine fails to control it effectively. Much effort has gone into developing safe and effective boost vaccine candidates for use after the BCG prime vaccination. To date, almost all the lead candidates are being evaluated clinically via a parenteral route. Abundant experimental evidence suggests that parenteral boosting with a virus-based vaccine is much less effective than respiratory mucosal boosting, because the former fails to activate a type of T cell capable of rapidly transmigrating into the airway luminal space in the early phase of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The next few years will determine whether parenteral boosting with some of the lead vaccine candidates, particularly the protein-based vaccines, improves protection in humans over that by BCG. Much effort is needed to develop respiratory mucosal boost vaccines and to identify the reliable immune protective correlates in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Fiona Smaill
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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