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Zhou F, Guo YX, Gao R, Ji XY, Tang YX, Wang LB, Zhang Y, Li X. Quercetin regulates dendritic cell activation by targeting STAT4 in the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 488:116980. [PMID: 38823456 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a class of autoimmune diseases mainly caused by the immune system attacking the myelin sheath of the axons in the nervous system. Although the pathogenesis of MS is complex, studies have shown that dendritic cells (DCs) play a vital role in the pathogenesis of MS. Quercetin (QU) has a unique advantage in clinical application, especially for treating autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanism of QU in the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) remains unclear. In this study, we explore the potential role of QU in EAE. Finally, we find that QU has anti-inflammatory activities and neural protective effects in EAE. The experimental results suggest that the cellular basis for QU's function is to inhibit the activation of DCs while modulating the Th17 cell differentiation in the co-culture system. Further, QU may target STAT4 to inhibit its activation in DCs. This work will be of great significance for the future development and utilization of QU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Xin Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Bin Wang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital/Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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2
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Pei J, Zhang J, Yu C, Luo J, Wen S, Hua Y, Wei G. Transcriptomics-based identification of TYROBP and TLR8 as novel macrophage-related biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute rejection after kidney transplantation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 709:149790. [PMID: 38564938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in the development and progression of acute rejection after kidney transplantation. The study aims to investigate the biological role and significance of macrophage-associated genes (MAG) in acute rejection after kidney transplantation. We utilized transcriptome sequencing results from public databases related to acute rejection of kidney transplantation for comprehensive analysis and validation in animal experiments. We found that a large number of immune-related signaling pathways are activated in acute rejection. PPI protein interaction networks and machine learning were used to establish a Hub gene consisting of TYROBP and TLR8 for the diagnosis of acute rejection. The single-gene GSEA enrichment analysis and immune cell correlation analysis revealed a close correlation between the expression of Hub genes and immune-related biological pathways as well as the expression of multiple immune cells. In addition, the study of TF, miRNAs, and drugs provided a theoretical basis for regulating and treating the Hub genes in acute rejection. Finally, the animal experiments demonstrated once again that acute rejection can aggravate kidney tissue damage, apoptosis level, and increase the release of inflammatory factors. We established and validated a macrophage-associated diagnostic model for acute rejection after kidney transplantation, which can accurately diagnose the biological alterations in acute rejection after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengjun Yu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Luo
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng Wen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Hua
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Liu C, Guo S, Liu R, Guo M, Wang Q, Chai Z, Xiao B, Ma C. Fasudil-modified macrophages reduce inflammation and regulate the immune response in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:671-679. [PMID: 37721300 PMCID: PMC10581551 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.379050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is characterized by demyelination and neuronal loss caused by inflammatory cell activation and infiltration into the central nervous system. Macrophage polarization plays an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a traditional experimental model of multiple sclerosis. This study investigated the effect of Fasudil on macrophages and examined the therapeutic potential of Fasudil-modified macrophages in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We found that Fasudil induced the conversion of macrophages from the pro-inflammatory M1 type to the anti-inflammatory M2 type, as shown by reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide, interleukin-12, and CD16/32 and increased expression of arginase-1, interleukin-10, CD14, and CD206, which was linked to inhibition of Rho kinase activity, decreased expression of toll-like receptors, nuclear factor-κB, and components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, and generation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. Crucially, Fasudil-modified macrophages effectively decreased the impact of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, resulting in later onset of disease, lower symptom scores, less weight loss, and reduced demyelination compared with unmodified macrophages. In addition, Fasudil-modified macrophages decreased interleukin-17 expression on CD4+ T cells and CD16/32, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and interleukin-12 expression on F4/80+ macrophages, as well as increasing interleukin-10 expression on CD4+ T cells and arginase-1, CD206, and interleukin-10 expression on F4/80+ macrophages, which improved immune regulation and reduced inflammation. These findings suggest that Fasudil-modified macrophages may help treat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inducing M2 macrophage polarization and inhibiting the inflammatory response, thereby providing new insight into cell immunotherapy for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyun Liu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Shangde Guo
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Minfang Guo
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Qing Wang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhi Chai
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Baoguo Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cungen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, China
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
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Chong CF, Hasnizan NYU, Ahmad Mokhtar AM. Navigating the landscape of Rho GTPase signalling system in autoimmunity: A bibliometric analysis spanning over three decades (1990 to 2023). Cell Signal 2023; 111:110855. [PMID: 37598919 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Ras-homologous (Rho) guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) are considered a central player in regulating various biological processes, extending to immune regulation. Perturbations in Rho GTPase signalling have been implicated in immune-related dysregulation, contributing to the development of autoimmunity. This study presents a scientometric analysis exploring the interlink between the Rho GTPase signalling system and autoimmunity, while also delving into the trends of past studies. A total of 967 relevant publications from 1990 to 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database after throrough manual filtering of irrelevant articles. The findings show an upward trajectory in publications related to this field since 2006. Over the past three decades, the United States of America (41.68%) emerged as the primary contributor in advancing our understanding of the association between the Rho GTPase signalling system and autoimmunity. Research in autoimmunity has mainly centered around therapeutic interventions, with an emphasis on studying leukocyte (macrophage) and endothelial remodelling. Interestingly, within the domains of multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, the current focus has been directed towards comprehending the role of RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42. Notably, certain subfamilies of Rho (such as RhoB and RhoC), Rac (including Rac2 and RhoG), Cdc42 (specifically RhoJ), and other atypical Rho GTPases (like RhoE and RhoH) consistently demonstrating compelling link with autoimmunity, but still warrants emphasis in the future study. Hence, strategic manipulation of the Rho signalling system holds immense promise as a pivotal approach to addressing the global challenge of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Fung Chong
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Nik Yasmin Umaira Hasnizan
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Ana Masara Ahmad Mokhtar
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
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5
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Chu GG, Wang J, Ding ZB, Yin JZ, Song LJ, Wang Q, Huang JJ, Xiao BG, Ma CG. Hydroxyfasudil regulates immune balance and suppresses inflammatory responses in the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110791. [PMID: 37619413 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease with complicated etiology. Multifocal demyelination and invasion of inflammatory cells are its primary pathological features. Fasudil has been confirmed to improve experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. However, Fasudil is accompanied by several shortcomings in the clinical practice. Hydroxyfasudil is a metabolite of Fasudil in the body with better pharmaceutical properties. Therefore, we attempted to study the influence of Hydroxyfasudil upon EAE mice. The results demonstrated that Hydroxyfasudil relieved the symptoms of EAE and the associated pathological damage, reduced the adhesion molecules and chemokines, decreased the invasion of peripheral immune cells. Simultaneously, Hydroxyfasudil modified the rebalance of peripheral T cells. Moreover, Hydroxyfasudil shifted the M1 phenotype to M2 polarization, inhibited inflammatory signaling cascades as well as inflammatory factors, and promoted anti-inflammatory factors in the CNS. In the end, mice in the Hydroxyfasudil group expressed more tight junction proteins, indirectly indicating that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was protected. Our results indicate that Hydroxyfasudil may be a prospective treatment for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Guo Chu
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Dept. of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Ding
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China; Dept. of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Jin-Zhu Yin
- Dept. of Neurosurgery/The Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Neurological Disease of Shanxi Provincial Health Commission, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong 037003, China
| | - Li-Juan Song
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China; Dept. of Neurosurgery/The Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Neurological Disease of Shanxi Provincial Health Commission, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong 037003, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Dept. of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jian-Jun Huang
- Dept. of Neurosurgery/The Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Neurological Disease of Shanxi Provincial Health Commission, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong 037003, China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China.
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Alomar HA, Nadeem A, Ansari MA, Attia SM, Bakheet SA, Al-Mazroua HA, Alhazzani K, Assiri MA, Alqinyah M, Almudimeegh S, Ahmad SF. Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059 improves neuroimmune dysfunction in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL/J mice through the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B signaling in B cells. Brain Res Bull 2023; 194:45-53. [PMID: 36646144 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe autoimmune disease leading to demyelination, followed by consequent axonal degeneration, causing sensory, motor, cognitive, and visual symptoms. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most well-studied animal model of MS. Most current MS treatments are not completely effective, and severe side effects remain a great challenge. In this study, we report the therapeutic efficacy of PD98059, a potent mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, on proteolipid protein (PLP)139-151-induced EAE in SJL/J mice. Following the induction of EAE, mice were intraperitoneally treated with PD98059 (5 mg/kg for 14 days) daily from day 14 to day 28. This study investigated the effects of PD98059 on C-C motif chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6), CD14, NF-κB p65, IκBα, GM-CSF, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α in CD45R+ B lymphocytes using flow cytometry. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of PD98059 on CCR6, CD14, NF-κB p65, GM-CSF, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA and protein expression levels using qRT-PCR analysis in brain tissues. Mechanistic investigations revealed that PD98059-treated in mice with EAE had reduced CD45R+CCR6+, CD45R+CD14+, CD45R+NF-κB p65+, CD45R+GM-CSF+, CD45R+iNOS+, CD45R+IL-6+, and CD45R+TNF-α+ cells and increased CD45R+IκBα+ cells compared with vehicle-treated control mice in the spleen. Moreover, downregulation of CCR6, CD14, NF-κB p65, GM-CSF, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA expression level was observed in PD98059-treated mice with EAE compared with vehicle-treated control mice in the brain tissue. The results of this study demonstrate that PD98059 modulates inflammatory mediators through multiple cellular mechanisms. The results of this study suggest that PD98059 may be pursued as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatun A Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen A Al-Mazroua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhazzani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Assiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alqinyah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Almudimeegh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Jin J, Duan J, Du L, Xing W, Peng X, Zhao Q. Inflammation and immune cell abnormalities in intracranial aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH): Relevant signaling pathways and therapeutic strategies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1027756. [PMID: 36505409 PMCID: PMC9727248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1027756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a cerebrovascular disorder associated with high overall mortality. Currently, the underlying mechanisms of pathological reaction after aneurysm rupture are still unclear, especially in the immune microenvironment, inflammation, and relevant signaling pathways. SAH-induced immune cell population alteration, immune inflammatory signaling pathway activation, and active substance generation are associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, immunosuppression, and brain injury. Crosstalk between immune disorders and hyperactivation of inflammatory signals aggravated the devastating consequences of brain injury and cerebral vasospasm and increased the risk of infection. In this review, we discussed the role of inflammation and immune cell responses in the occurrence and development of aneurysm SAH, as well as the most relevant immune inflammatory signaling pathways [PI3K/Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), STAT, SIRT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), NLRP3, TLR4/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and Keap1/nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/ARE cascades] and biomarkers in aneurysm SAH. In addition, we also summarized potential therapeutic drugs targeting the aneurysm SAH immune inflammatory responses, such as nimodipine, dexmedetomidine (DEX), fingolimod, and genomic variation-related aneurysm prophylactic agent sunitinib. The intervention of immune inflammatory responses and immune microenvironment significantly reduces the secondary brain injury, thereby improving the prognosis of patients admitted to SAH. Future studies should focus on exploring potential immune inflammatory mechanisms and developing additional therapeutic strategies for precise aneurysm SAH immune inflammatory regulation and genomic variants associated with aneurysm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Duan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Leiya Du
- 4Department of Oncology, The Second People Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenli Xing
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Qijie Zhao, ; Xingchen Peng,
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Qijie Zhao, ; Xingchen Peng,
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8
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Sun W, Zhang N, Liu B, Yang J, Loers G, Siebert HC, Wen M, Zheng X, Wang Z, Han J, Zhang R. HDAC3 Inhibitor RGFP966 Ameliorated Neuroinflammation in the Cuprizone-Induced Demyelinating Mouse Model and LPS-Stimulated BV2 Cells by Downregulating the P2X7R/STAT3/NF-κB65/NLRP3 Activation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2579-2598. [PMID: 35947794 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppression of excessive microglial overactivation can prevent the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). Histone deacetylases 3 inhibitor (HDAC3i) has been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing microglia (M1-liked) activation. Here, we demonstrate that the RGFP966 (a selective inhibitor of HDAC3) protects white matter after cuprizone-induced demyelination, as shown by reductions in neurological behavioral deficits and increases in myelin basic protein. Moreover, in this study, we found that RGFP966 caused a significant reduction in the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, as well as iNOS, and inhibited microglial (M1-liked) activation in the experimental cuprizone model and LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Meanwhile, RGFP966 alleviated apoptosis of LPS-induced BV2 cells in vitro. Furthermore, RGFP966 suppressed the expression of P2X7R, NLRP3, ASC, IL-18, IL-1β, and caspase-1, inhibited the ratio of phosphorylated-STAT3/STAT3 and phosphorylated NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65, as well as increased acetylated NF-κB p65 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we confirmed that brilliant blue G (antagonists of P2X7R) suppressed the expression of microglial NLRP3, IL-18, IL-1β, caspase-1, NF-κB p65 (including phosphorylated NF-κB p65), and STAT3 (including phosphorylated STAT3) in vitro. These findings demonstrated that RFFP966 alleviated the inflammatory response and exerted a neuroprotective effect possibly by modulating P2X7R/STAT3/NF-κB65/NLRP3 signaling pathways. Thus, HDAD3 might be considered a promising intervention target for neurodegenerative diseases, such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bingyi Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Junrong Yang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Siebert
- RI-B-NT - Research Institute of Bioinformatics and Nanotechnology, Schauenburgerstr. 116, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Min Wen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhengping Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Jun Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
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9
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Polaryzacja mikrogleju i makrofagów w wybranych chorobach degeneracyjnych i zapalnych układu nerwowego. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstrakt
Makrofagi to komórki efektorowe układu odpornościowego zdolne do polaryzacji, czyli zmiany fenotypu powiązanej ze zmianą aktywności. Można wyróżnić: polaryzację klasyczną (M1), która służy obronie przed patogenami, a makrofagi M1 mają aktywność ogólnie prozapalną, oraz polaryzację alternatywną (M2), która sprzyja wygaszaniu stanu zapalnego i regeneracji tkanki. Makrofagi zasiedlają niemal cały organizm, więc zjawisko ich polaryzacji ma wpływ na wiele procesów zachodzących w różnych tkankach. W układzie nerwowym reprezentacją osiadłych makrofagów jest mikroglej. Jednak w wielu sytuacjach patologicznych w mózgu pojawiają się także makrofagi rekrutowane z monocytów krążących we krwi. Choroby neurodegeneracyjne, urazy i choroby autoimmunologiczne są związane z reakcją układu odpornościowego, która może mieć istotny wpływ na dalszy przebieg choroby i na tempo regeneracji tkanki. Polaryzacja makrofagów ma w związku z tym znaczenie w chorobach centralnego układu nerwowego. Aktywność komórek M1 i M2 może bowiem różnie wpływać na przeżywalność neuronów i oligodendrocytów, na wzrost aksonów, na proces demielinizacji czy na szczelność bariery krew–mózg. Wynika to z różnic między fenotypami w wytwarzaniu reaktywnych form tlenu i tlenku azotu, wydzielaniu cytokin i czynników wzrostu, bezpośrednich oddziaływaniach na sąsiednie komórki i zdolnościach do fagocytozy. W artykule omówiono to zagadnienie w: udarze mózgu, urazie rdzenia kręgowego, chorobie Alzheimera, stwardnieniu zanikowym bocznym i stwardnieniu rozsianym. W wielu spośród tych patologii obserwuje się gradient czasowy lub przestrzenny rozmieszczenia w tkance poszczególnych fenotypów mikrogleju i/lub makrofagów. Wydaje się zatem, że zmiany polaryzacji makrofagów mogą potencjalnie sprzyjać regeneracji tkanki lub hamować rozwój chorób neurodegeneracyjnych.
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Chen S, Zhang J, Yu WB, Zhuang JC, Xiao W, Wu ZY, Xiao BG. Eomesodermin in CD4 +T cells is essential for Ginkgolide K ameliorating disease progression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:50-61. [PMID: 33390832 PMCID: PMC7757039 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.50041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Eomesodermin (Eomes), a transcription factor, could suppress the Th17 cell differentiation and proliferation through directly binding to the promoter zone of the Rorc and Il17a gene, meanwhile the expression of Eomes is suppressed when c-Jun directly binds to its promoter zone. Ginkgolide K (1,10-dihydroxy-3,14-didehydroginkgolide, GK) is a diterpene lactone isolated from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba. A previous study indicated that GK could decrease the level of phospho JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase). Here, we reported the therapeutic potential of Ginkgolide K (GK) treatment to ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) disease progression. Methods: EAE was induced in both wildtype and CD4-Eomes conditional knockout mice. GK was injected intraperitoneally. Disease severity, inflammation, and tissue damage were assessed by clinical evaluation, flow cytometry of mononuclear cells (MNCs), and histopathological evaluation. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to measure Eomes transcription activity in vitro. The potency of GK (IC50) was determined using JNK1 Kinase Enzyme System. Results: We revealed that GK could ameliorate EAE disease progression by the inhibition of the Th17 cells. Further mechanism studies demonstrated that the level of phospho JNK was decreased and the level of Eomes in CD4+T cells was dramatically increased. This therapeutic effect of GK was almost completely interrupted in CD4-Eomes conditional knockout mice. Conclusions: These results provided the therapeutic potential of GK treatment in EAE, and further suggested that Eomes expression in CD4+T cells might be essential in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Wen-Bo Yu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Jing-Cong Zhuang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University
| | - Wei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
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11
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de Toledo JHDS, Fraga-Silva TFDC, Borim PA, de Oliveira LRC, Oliveira EDS, Périco LL, Hiruma-Lima CA, de Souza AAL, de Oliveira CAF, Padilha PDM, Pinatto-Botelho MF, dos Santos AA, Sartori A, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG. Organic Selenium Reaches the Central Nervous System and Downmodulates Local Inflammation: A Complementary Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis? Front Immunol 2020; 11:571844. [PMID: 33193354 PMCID: PMC7664308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.571844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The persistent inflammation is being mainly attributed to local oxidative stress and inflammasome activation implicated in the ensuing demyelination and axonal damage. Since new control measures remain necessary, we evaluated the preventive and therapeutic potential of a beta-selenium-lactic acid derivative (LAD-βSe), which is a source of organic selenium under development, to control experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) that is an animal model for MS. Two EAE murine models: C57BL/6 and SJL/J immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and proteolipid protein, respectively, and a model of neurodegeneration induced by LPS in male C57BL/6 mice were used. The preventive potential of LAD-βSe was initially tested in C57BL/6 mice, the chronic MS model, by three different protocols that were started 14 days before or 1 or 7 days after EAE induction and were extended until the acute disease phase. These three procedures were denominated preventive therapy -14 days, 1 day, and 7 days, respectively. LAD-βSe administration significantly controlled clinical EAE development without triggering overt hepatic and renal dysfunction. In addition of a tolerogenic profile in dendritic cells from the mesenteric lymph nodes, LAD-βSe also downregulated cell amount, activation status of macrophages and microglia, NLRP3 (NOD-like receptors) inflammasome activation and other pro-inflammatory parameters in the CNS. The high Se levels found in the CNS suggested that the product crossed the blood-brain barrier having a possible local effect. The hypothesis that LAD-βSe was acting locally was then confirmed by using the LPS-induced neurodegeneration model that also displayed Se accumulation and downmodulation of pro-inflammatory parameters in the CNS. Remarkably, therapy with LAD-βSe soon after the first remitting episode in SJL/J mice, also significantly downmodulated local inflammation and clinical disease severity. This study indicates that LAD-βSe, and possibly other derivatives containing Se, are able to reach the CNS and have the potential to be used as preventive and therapeutic measures in distinct clinical forms of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrícia Aparecida Borim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Evelyn da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lucena Périco
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Clélia Akiko Hiruma-Lima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Adriana Aparecida Lopes de Souza
- Veterinary Clinical Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro de Magalhães Padilha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Marcos Felipe Pinatto-Botelho
- LabSSeTe Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alcindo Aparecido dos Santos
- LabSSeTe Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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12
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Guo MF, Zhang HY, Li YH, Gu QF, Wei WY, Wang YY, Zhang XJ, Liu XQ, Song LJ, Chai Z, Yu JZ, Ma CG. Fasudil inhibits the activation of microglia and astrocytes of transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice via the downregulation of TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB pathway. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 346:577284. [PMID: 32652366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests an association of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) with microglial and astrocytic dysregulation. Recent studies have proposed that activated microglia can transform astrocytes to a neurotoxic A1 phenotype, which has been shown to be involved in the promotion of neuronal damage in several neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. In the present study, we observed an obvious microglial activation and A1-specific astrocyte response in the brain tissue of APP/PS1 Tg mice. Fasudil treatment improved the cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 Tg mice, inhibited microglial activation and promoted their transformation to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and further shifted astrocytes from an A1 to an A2 phenotype. Our experiments suggest Fasudil exerted these functions by inhibing the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB, which are key mediators of inflammation. Using in vitro experiments, we further validated in vivo findings. Our cell experiments indicated that Fasudil induces a shift of inflammatory microglia towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. LPS-induced microglia-conditioned medium promotes A1 astrocytic polarization, but Fasudil treatment resulted in a direct transformation of A1 astrocytes to A2. To summarize, our results show that Fasudil inhibits the neurotoxic activation of microglia and shifts astrocytes towards a neuroprotective A2 phenotype, representing a promising candidate for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Fang Guo
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Hui-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Qing-Fang Gu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Wen-Yue Wei
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; Dept. of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yu-Yin Wang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; Research Center of Neurobiology, The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; Dept. of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Liu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Li-Juan Song
- Research Center of Neurobiology, The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China; Dept. of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhi Chai
- Research Center of Neurobiology, The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Jie-Zhong Yu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; Dept. of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Dept. of Neurology, Datong Fifth People's Hospital, Datong 037009, China.
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; Research Center of Neurobiology, The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China; Dept. of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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13
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Miao Q, Zhang XX, Han QX, Ren SS, Sui RX, Yu JW, Wang J, Wang Q, Yu JZ, Cao L, Xiao W, Xiao BG, Ma CG. The therapeutic potential of bilobalide on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:793-807. [PMID: 32215835 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00555-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Besides MS disease-modifying therapy, targeting myelin sheath protection/regeneration is currently a hot spot in the treatment of MS. Here, we attempt to explore the therapeutic potential of Bilobalide (BB) for the myelin protection/regeneration in EAE model. The results showed that BB treatment effectively prevented worsening and demyelination of EAE, accompanied by the inhibition of neuroinflammation that should be closely related to T cell tolerance and M2 macrophages/microglia polarization. BB treatment substantially inhibited the infiltration of T cells and macrophages, thereby alleviating the enlargement of neuroinflammation and the apoptosis of oligodendrocytes in CNS. The accurate mechanism of BB action and the feasibility of clinical application in the prevention and treatment of demyelination remain to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Miao
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Zhang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Qing-Xian Han
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Si-Si Ren
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Ruo-Xuan Sui
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Disease, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The First Clinical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Qing Wang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Jie-Zhong Yu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Disease, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Liang Cao
- Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, 222002, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, 222002, China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Disease, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China.
- The First Clinical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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14
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Biliktu M, Senol SP, Temiz-Resitoglu M, Guden DS, Horat MF, Sahan-Firat S, Sevim S, Tunctan B. Pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase attenuates chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways in an inflammasome-dependent and -independent manner. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1509-1524. [PMID: 32128702 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effect of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition on chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS), associated with changes in inflammasome-dependent and -independent inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways in the CNS of mice. C57BL/6 mice were used to induce chronic EAE by using an injection of MOG35-55 peptide/PT. Animals were observed daily and scored for EAE signs for 25 days after immunization. Following the induction of EAE, the scores were increased after 9 days and reached peak value as determined by ≥ 2 or ≤ 3 with 8% mortality rate on day 17. On day 17, mice were administered daily PBS, DMSO, or TPPU (a potent sEH inhibitor) (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg) until the end of the study. TPPU only at 3 mg/kg dose decreased the AUC values calculated from EAE scores obtained during the disease compared to EAE and vehicle control groups. On day 25, TPPU also caused an increase in the PPARα/β/γ and NLRC3 proteins and a decrease in the proteins of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, iNOS/nNOS, COX-2, NLRC4, ASC, caspase-1 p20, IL-1β, caspase-11 p20, NOX subunits (gp91phox and p47phox), and nitrotyrosine in addition to 14,15-DHET and IL-1β levels compared to EAE and vehicle control groups. Our findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of sEH attenuates chronic EAE likely because of enhanced levels of anti-inflammatory EETs in addition to PPARα/β/γ and NLRC3 expression associated with suppressed inflammatory TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling pathway, NLRC4/ASC/pro-caspase-1 inflammasome, caspase-11 inflammasome, and NOX activity that are responsible for inflammatory mediator formation in the CNS of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Biliktu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sefika Pinar Senol
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Meryem Temiz-Resitoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Demet Sinem Guden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Furkan Horat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Sahan-Firat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Serhan Sevim
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Bahar Tunctan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey.
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15
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Xie F, Lei J, Ran M, Li Y, Deng L, Feng J, Zhong Y, Li J. Attenuation of Diabetic Nephropathy in Diabetic Mice by Fasudil through Regulation of Macrophage Polarization. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:4126913. [PMID: 32685556 PMCID: PMC7345603 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4126913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and fibrosis induced by hyperglycemia are considered to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. As macrophage polarization may determine the severity and progression of inflammation, regulation of macrophage polarization may be an effective method to treat diabetic complications. Fasudil, a potent Rho-kinase inhibitor, reportedly exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. However, whether fasudil reduces hyperglycemia-induced diabetic nephropathy via regulation of macrophage polarization remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the effect of fasudil on diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Our data showed that fasudil significantly decreased urinary protein and serum creatinine in diabetic mice, whereas it had no effect on the body weight and blood glucose. We also found increased M1-type macrophages and related proinflammatory cytokines, adverse fibrosis in renal tissue of diabetic mice. Interestingly, treatment of diabetic mice with fasudil increased the number of M2-type macrophages and related anti-inflammatory cytokines, which attenuated renal injury in diabetic mice. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that fasudil could slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The possible mechanism might be associated with its induction of M2 macrophage polarization and the reduction of M1 macrophage polarization and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajiang Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiesen Lei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Maoxia Ran
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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16
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Gao Y, Yan Y, Fang Q, Zhang N, Kumar G, Zhang J, Song LJ, Yu J, Zhao L, Zhang HT, Ma CG. The Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil attenuates Aβ 1-42-induced apoptosis via the ASK1/JNK signal pathway in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1787-1801. [PMID: 31482248 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common type of dementia. Beta amyloid (Aβ) peptide aggregation and phosphorylated tau protein accumulation are considered as one of the causes for AD. Our previous studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of the Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil, but the mechanism remains elucidated. In the present study, we examined the effects of fasudil on Aβ1-42 aggregation and apoptosis and identified the intracellular signaling pathways involved in these actions in primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons. The results showed that fasudil increased neurite outgrowth (52.84%), decreased Aβ burden (46.65%), Tau phosphorylation (96.84%), and ROCK-II expression. In addition, fasudil reversed Aβ1-42-induced decreased expression of Bcl-2 and increases in caspase-3, cleaved-PARP, phospho-JNK(Thr183/Tyr185), and phospho-ASK1(Ser966). Further, fasudil decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular calcium overload in the neurons treated with Aβ1-42. These results suggest that inhibition of Rho kinase by fasudil reverses Aβ1-42-induced neuronal apoptosis via the ASK1/JNK signal pathway, calcium ions, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Fasudil could be a drug of choice for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Gao
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China.
| | - Qingli Fang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Nianping Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Gajendra Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
- Bio-Signal technologies (HK) Limited, 9th Floor, Amtel Building,148 Des Voeux Road Central, Central, Hong Kong
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Li-Juan Song
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiezhong Yu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linhu Zhao
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry, the Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China.
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China.
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Guo S, Liu C, Yu J, Chai Z, Wang Q, Mi X, Song G, Li Y, Yang P, Feng L, Xiao B, Ma C. Nasal delivery of Fasudil-modified immune cells exhibits therapeutic potential in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:783-795. [PMID: 30779332 PMCID: PMC6515703 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a relapsing-remitting inflammatory demyelinating disease that requires long-term treatment. Although Rho kinase inhibitor Fasudil shows good therapeutic effect in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, certain side effects may limit its clinical use. This study aimed at observing the therapeutic potential of Fasudil-modified encephalitogenic mononuclear cells (MNCs) via nasal delivery in EAE and exploring possible mechanisms of action. METHODS Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was induced with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 in C57BL/6 mice, and encephalitogenic MNCs were treated with Fasudil in vitro. Mice received 3 × 106 cells/10 μL per nasal cavity on day 3 and 11 postimmunization, respectively. RESULTS Fasudil-modified MNCs reduced clinical severity of EAE, improved demyelination, and decreased inflammatory cells in spinal cords. Immunohistochemical results indicated that CD4+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages were barely detected in Fasudil-MNCs group. Fasudil-modified MNCs decreased CD4+ IFN-γ+ and CD4+ IL-17+ T cells, increased CD4+ IL-10+ T cells, restrained M1 markers CD16/32, CCR7, IL-12, CD8a, enhanced M2 markers CD206, CD200, CD14 in spleen. Fasudil-modified MNCs inhibited the activation of inflammatory signaling p-NF-kB/P38, accompanied by the decrease of COX-2 and the increase of Arg-1 in spinal cord, as well as the reduction of IL-17, TNF-α, IL-6 and the elevation of IL-10 in cultured supernatant of splenocytes. Fasudil-modified MNCs enhanced the levels of neurotrophic factors BDNF and NT-3 in spinal cord. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that intranasal delivery of Fasudil-modified MNCs have therapeutic potential in EAE, providing a safe and effective cell therapeutic strategy to MS and/or other related disorders.
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MESH Headings
- 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine/analogs & derivatives
- 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine/pharmacology
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/methods
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/therapy
- Female
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/transplantation
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- Peptide Fragments
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang‐De Guo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical SchoolShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain ScienceShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
| | - Chun‐Yun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical SchoolShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain ScienceShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
| | - Jing‐Wen Yu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical SchoolShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain ScienceShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
| | - Zhi Chai
- Research Center of NeurobiologyShanxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTaiyuanChina
| | - Qing Wang
- Research Center of NeurobiologyShanxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTaiyuanChina
| | - Xi‐Ting Mi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical SchoolShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain ScienceShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
| | - Guo‐Bin Song
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical SchoolShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain ScienceShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
| | - Yan‐Hua Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical SchoolShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain ScienceShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
| | - Peng‐Wei Yang
- Research Center of NeurobiologyShanxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTaiyuanChina
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical SchoolShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain ScienceShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
| | - Bao‐Guo Xiao
- Institute of NeurologyHuashan HospitalInstitutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Cun‐Gen Ma
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical SchoolShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain ScienceShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
- Research Center of NeurobiologyShanxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTaiyuanChina
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18
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Wang J, Sui RX, Miao Q, Wang Q, Song LJ, Yu JZ, Li YH, Xiao BG, Ma CG. Effect of Fasudil on remyelination following cuprizone-induced demyelination. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 26:76-89. [PMID: 31124292 PMCID: PMC6930827 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis is characterized by demyelination/remyelination, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Cuprizone (CPZ)‐induced toxic demyelination is an experimental animal model commonly used to study demyelination and remyelination in the central nervous system. Fasudil is one of the most thoroughly studied Rho kinase inhibitors. Methods Following CPZ exposure, the degree of demyelination in the brain of male C57BL/6 mice was assessed by Luxol fast blue, Black Gold II, myelin basic protein immunofluorescent staining, and Western blot. The effect of Fasudil on behavioral change was determined using elevated plus maze test and pole test. The possible mechanisms of Fasudil action were examined by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, ELISA, and dot blot. Results Fasudil improved behavioral abnormalities, inhibited microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation, and promoted astrocyte‐derived nerve growth factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor, which should contribute to protection and regeneration of oligodendrocytes. In addition, Fasudil inhibited the production of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody and the infiltration of peripheral CD4+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages, which appears to be related to the integrity of the blood‐brain barrier. Conclusion These results provide evidence for the therapeutic potential of Fasudil in CPZ‐induced demyelination. However, how Fasudil acts on microglia, astrocytes, and immune cells remains to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruo-Xuan Sui
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiang Miao
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li-Juan Song
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie-Zhong Yu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China.,Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
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19
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Martinez B, Peplow PV. Amelioration of Alzheimer's disease pathology and cognitive deficits by immunomodulatory agents in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1158-1176. [PMID: 30804241 PMCID: PMC6425849 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.251192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common age-related neurodegenerative disease is Alzheimer’s disease (AD) characterized by aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in extracellular plaques and aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein in intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, together with loss of cholinergic neurons, synaptic alterations, and chronic inflammation within the brain. These lead to progressive impairment of cognitive function. There is evidence of innate immune activation in AD with microgliosis. Classically-activated microglia (M1 state) secrete inflammatory and neurotoxic mediators, and peripheral immune cells are recruited to inflammation sites in the brain. The few drugs approved by the US FDA for the treatment of AD improve symptoms but do not change the course of disease progression and may cause some undesirable effects. Translation of active and passive immunotherapy targeting Aβ in AD animal model trials had limited success in clinical trials. Treatment with immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory agents early in the disease process, while not preventive, is able to inhibit the inflammatory consequences of both Aβ and tau aggregation. The studies described in this review have identified several agents with immunomodulatory properties that alleviated AD pathology and cognitive impairment in animal models of AD. The majority of the animal studies reviewed had used transgenic models of early-onset AD. More effort needs to be given to creat models of late-onset AD. The effects of a combinational therapy involving two or more of the tested pharmaceutical agents, or one of these agents given in conjunction with one of the cell-based therapies, in an aged animal model of AD would warrant investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Martinez
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, St. Georges University School of Medicine, Grenada; Department of Physics and Engineering, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Philip V Peplow
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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20
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Manresa-Arraut A, Johansen FF, Brakebusch C, Issazadeh-Navikas S, Hasseldam H. RhoA Drives T-Cell Activation and Encephalitogenic Potential in an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1235. [PMID: 29904389 PMCID: PMC5990621 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cells are known to be intimately involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). T-cell activation is controlled by a range of intracellular signaling pathways regulating cellular responses such as proliferation, cytokine production, integrin expression, and migration. These processes are crucial for the T-cells’ ability to mediate inflammatory processes in autoimmune diseases such as MS. RhoA is a ubiquitously expressed small GTPase well described as a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. It is essential for embryonic development and together with other Rho GTPases controls various cellular processes such as cell development, shaping, proliferation, and locomotion. However, the specific contribution of RhoA to these processes in T-cells in general, and in autoreactive T-cells in particular, has not been fully characterized. Using mice with a T-cell specific deletion of the RhoA gene (RhoAfl/flLckCre+), we investigated the role of RhoA in T-cell development, functionality, and encephalitogenic potential in EAE. We show that lack of RhoA specifically in T-cells results in reduced numbers of mature T-cells in thymus and spleen but normal counts in peripheral blood. EAE induction in RhoAfl/flLckCre+ mice results in significantly reduced disease incidence and severity, which coincides with a reduced CNS T-cell infiltration. Besides presenting reduced migratory capacity, both naïve and autoreactive effector T-cells from RhoAfl/flLckCre+ mice show decreased viability, proliferative capacity, and an activation profile associated with reduced production of Th1 pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our study demonstrates that RhoA is a central regulator of several archetypical T-cell responses, and furthermore points toward RhoA as a new potential therapeutic target in diseases such as MS, where T-cell activity plays a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Manresa-Arraut
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Fryd Johansen
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Cytoskeletal Organization Group, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hasseldam
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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de Wit NM, Vanmol J, Kamermans A, Hendriks JJA, de Vries HE. Inflammation at the blood-brain barrier: The role of liver X receptors. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 107:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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22
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He Y, Ma X, Li D, Hao J. Thiamet G mediates neuroprotection in experimental stroke by modulating microglia/macrophage polarization and inhibiting NF-κB p65 signaling. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2938-2951. [PMID: 27864466 PMCID: PMC5536801 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16679671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses are accountable for secondary injury induced by acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Previous studies indicated that O-GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is involved in the pathology of AIS, and increase of O-GlcNAcylation by glucosamine attenuated the brain damage after ischemia/reperfusion. Inhibition of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) with thiamet G (TMG) is an alternative option for accumulating O-GlcNAcylated proteins. In this study, we investigate the neuroprotective effect of TMG in a mouse model of experimental stroke. Our results indicate that TMG administration either before or after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery dramatically reduced infarct volume compared with that in untreated controls. TMG treatment ameliorated the neurological deficits and improved clinical outcomes in neurobehavioral tests by modulating the expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, TMG administration reduced the number of Iba1+ cells in MCAO mice, decreased expression of the M1 markers, and increased expression of the M2 markers in vivo. In vitro, M1 polarization of BV2 cells was inhibited by TMG treatment. Moreover, TMG decreased the expression of iNOS and COX2 mainly by suppressing NF-κB p65 signaling. These results suggest that TMG exerts a neuroprotective effect and could be useful as an anti-inflammatory agent for ischemic stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daojing Li
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Junwei Hao
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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23
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Chevalier AC, Rosenberger TA. Increasing acetyl-CoA metabolism attenuates injury and alters spinal cord lipid content in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurochem 2017; 141:721-737. [PMID: 28369944 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acetate supplementation increases brain acetyl-CoA metabolism, alters histone and non-histone protein acetylation, increases brain energy reserves, and is anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective in rat models of neuroinflammation and neuroborreliosis. To determine the impact acetate supplementation has on a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, we quantified the effect treatment had on injury progression, spinal cord lipid content, phospholipase levels, and myelin structure in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE was induced by inoculating mice with a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide fragment (MOG35-55 ), and acetate supplementation was maintained with 4 g/kg glyceryl triacetate by a daily oral gavage. Acetate supplementation prevented the onset of clinical signs in mice subject to EAE compared to control-treated mice. Furthermore, acetate supplementation prevented the loss of spinal cord ethanolamine and choline glycerophospholipid and phosphatidylserine in mice subjected to EAE compared to EAE animals treated with water. Treatment increased saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid levels in phosphatidylserine compared to controls suggesting that acetate was utilized to increase spinal cord fatty acid content. Also, acetate supplementation prevented the loss of spinal cord cholesterol in EAE animals but did not change cholesteryl esters. Treatment significantly increased GD3 and GD1a ganglioside levels in EAE mice when compared to EAE mice treated with water. Treatment returned levels of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2 ) levels back to baseline and based on FluoroMyelin™ histochemistry maintained myelin structural characteristics. Overall, these data suggest that acetate supplementation may modulate lipid metabolism in mice subjected to EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber C Chevalier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Thad A Rosenberger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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24
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Li YH, Xie C, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang HF, Wang Q, Chai Z, Xiao BG, Thome R, Zhang GX, Ma CG. FSD-C10, a Fasudil derivative, promotes neuroregeneration through indirect and direct mechanisms. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41227. [PMID: 28112256 PMCID: PMC5255566 DOI: 10.1038/srep41227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
FSD-C10, a Fasudil derivative, was shown to reduce severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), through the modulation of the immune response and induction of neuroprotective molecules in the central nervous system (CNS). However, whether FSD-C10 can promote neuroregeneration remains unknown. In this study, we further analyzed the effect of FSD-C10 on neuroprotection and remyelination. FSD-C10-treated mice showed a longer, thicker and more intense MAP2 and synaptophysin positive signal in the CNS, with significantly fewer CD4+ T cells, macrophages and microglia. Importantly, the CNS of FSD-C10-treated mice showed a shift of activated macrophages/microglia from the type 1 to type 2 status, elevated numbers of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes, and increased levels of neurotrophic factors NT-3, GDNF and BDNF. FSD-C10-treated microglia significantly inhibited Th1/Th17 cell differentiation and increased the number of IL-10+ CD4+ T cells, and the conditioned medium from FSD-C10-treated microglia promoted OPC survival and oligodendrocyte maturation. Addition of FSD-C10 directly promoted remyelination in a chemical-induced demyelination model on organotypic slice culture, in a BDNF-dependent manner. Together, these findings demonstrate that FSD-C10 promotes neural repair through mechanisms that involved both immunomodulation and induction of neurotrophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Li
- Institute of Brain Science, Datong key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Immunology, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Hai-Fei Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science, Datong key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Immunology, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Qing Wang
- "2011" Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhi Chai
- "2011" Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Rodolfo Thome
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Datong key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Immunology, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China.,"2011" Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030024, China
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25
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Rho kinase II interference by small hairpin RNA ameliorates 1‑methyl‑4‑phenyl‑1,2,3,6‑tetrahydropyridine‑induced parkinsonism in mice. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4947-4956. [PMID: 27840922 PMCID: PMC5355756 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel therapeutic targets are required for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies suggest that the Rho/Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinases (ROCKs) signaling pathway may be a promising therapeutic target in PD. To elucidate the importance of ROCKII in the pathogenesis of dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss and to investigate the efficacy of ROCK inhibitors in PD, ROCKII expression in the substantia nigra (SN) of mice was silenced through the injection of a lentivirus-based small hairpin RNA system. Empty lentivirus vectors served as controls. Mice were subsequently challenged with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The expression levels and activity of ROCKII were elevated in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons and in cluster of differentiation (CD) 11b-positive microglia within the SN of MPTP-treated mice, which was accompanied by an increased level of expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and activation of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in M1 microglia. ROCKII interference (RI) significantly improved movement disorder and attenuated DA neuron loss induced by MPTP. In addition, RI inhibited the activation of M1 microglia in the SN, exhibiting reduced activity of the TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway and decreased expression levels of iNOS and inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. The results of the present study verify that ROCKII participates in the loss of DA neurons induced by MPTP and suggest that ROCKII inhibition may be a promising therapeutic target for PD.
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Synergistic and Superimposed Effect of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined with Fasudil in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 60:486-497. [PMID: 27573128 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the ideal transplanted cells of cellular therapy for promoting neuroprotection and neurorestoration. However, the optimization of transplanted cells and the improvement of microenvironment around implanted cells are still two critical challenges for enhancing therapeutic effect. In the current study, we observed the therapeutic potential of MSCs combined with Fasudil in mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and explored possible mechanisms of action. The results clearly show that combined intervention of MSCs and Fasudil further reduced the severity of EAE compared with MSCs or Fasudil alone, indicating a synergistic and superimposed effect in treating EAE. The addition of Fasudil inhibited MSC-induced inflammatory signaling TLR-4/MyD88 and inflammatory molecule IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TNF-α but did not convert M1 microglia to M2 phenotype. The delivery of MSCs enhanced the expression of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) compared with that of Fasudil. Importantly, combined intervention of MSCs and Fasudil further increased the expression of BDNF and GDNF compared with the delivery of MSCs alone, indicating that combined intervention of MSCs and Fasudil synergistically contributes to the expression of neurotrophic factors which should be related to the expression of increased galactocerebroside (GalC) compared with mice treated with Fasudil and MSCs alone. However, a lot of investigation is warranted to further elucidate the cross talk of MSCs and Fasudil in the therapeutic potential of EAE/multiple sclerosis.
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27
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Li X, Zhang Y, Yan Y, Ciric B, Ma CG, Gran B, Curtis M, Rostami A, Zhang GX. RETRACTED: Neural Stem Cells Engineered to Express Three Therapeutic Factors Mediate Recovery from Chronic Stage CNS Autoimmunity. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1456-1469. [PMID: 27203442 PMCID: PMC5023377 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the editor-in-chief. Similarities were found between images in this article and a previously published article in Scientific Reports (Zhang et al., 2015, Sci. Rep. 30, 17407, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17407). Similarities were also found between images within this article. These concerns were initially reported in a PubPeer thread (https://pubpeer.com/publications/11D757FEEACDC81ACAF60BD0A32607). Image analysis performed by the editorial office confirmed findings of image reuse in Figures 2C and 5C of the Molecular Therapy article. In addition, some of the original data provided by the authors do not match the published article. This reuse (and in part misrepresentation) of data without appropriate attribution represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The authors disagree with this retraction and maintain that these mistakes do not alter the conclusions of the study.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Engineering
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/diagnosis
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/therapy
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Microglia/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/pathology
- Multiple Sclerosis/therapy
- Myelin Basic Protein/biosynthesis
- Myelin Proteins/metabolism
- Nerve Growth Factors/genetics
- Neural Stem Cells/cytology
- Neural Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- Oligodendroglia/cytology
- Oligodendroglia/metabolism
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Transduction, Genetic
- Transgenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Northwest China National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Northwest China National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Northwest China National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Shanxi Datong University Medical School, Datong, China
| | - Bruno Gran
- Clinical Neurology Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark Curtis
- Department of Neuropathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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28
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Gao M, Yang Y, Li D, Ming B, Chen H, Sun Y, Xiao Y, Lai L, Zou H, Xu Y, Xiong P, Tan Z, Gong F, Zheng F. CD27 natural killer cell subsets play different roles during the pre-onset stage of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Innate Immun 2016; 22:395-404. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425916658111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells participate in the development of human multiple sclerosis (MS) and mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), but the roles of different NK cell subsets in disease onset remain poorly understood. In this study, murine NK cells were divided into CD27high and CD27low/− subsets. The CD27high subset was decreased and the CD27low/− subset was increased in lymphoid organs during the pre-onset stage of EAE. Compared with the counterpart in naïve mice, the CD27high subset showed lower expression of Ly49D, Ly49H and NKG2D, and less production of IFN-γ, whereas the CD27low/− subset showed similar expression of the above mentioned surface receptors but higher cytotoxic activity in EAE mice. Compared with the CD27high subset, the CD27low/− subset exhibited increased promotion of DC maturation and no significant inhibition of T cells proliferation and Th17 cells differentiation in vitro. Additionally, adoptive transfer of the CD27low/− subset, but not the CD27high subset, exacerbated the severity of EAE. Collectively, our data suggest the CD27 NK cell subsets play different roles in controlling EAE onset, which provide a new understanding for the regulation of NK cell subsets in early autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Division of Viral Pathology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Daling Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingxia Ming
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huoying Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Lai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huijuan Zou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Xiong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feili Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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29
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Li X, Zhang Y, Yan Y, Ciric B, Ma CG, Chin J, Curtis M, Rostami A, Zhang GX. LINGO-1-Fc-Transduced Neural Stem Cells Are Effective Therapy for Chronic Stage Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4365-4378. [PMID: 27344330 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The chronic stage multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), remains refractory to current treatments. This refractory nature may be due to the fact that current treatments are primarily immunomodulatory, which prevent further demyelination but lack the capacity to promote remyelination. Several approaches, including transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) or antagonists to LINGO-1, a key part of the receptor complex for neuroregeneration inhibitors, have been effective in suppressing the acute stage of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. However, their effect on the chronic stage EAE is not known. Here, we show that transplantation of NSCs had only a slight therapeutic effect when treatment started at the chronic stage of EAE (e.g., injected at day 40 postimmunization). However, NSCs engineered to produce LINGO-1-Fc, a soluble LINGO-1 antagonist, significantly promoted neurological recovery as demonstrated by amelioration of clinical signs, improvement in axonal integrity, and enhancement of oligodendrocyte maturation and neuron repopulation. Significantly enhanced NAD production and Sirt2 expression were also found in the CNS of mice treated with LINGO-1-Fc-producing NSC. Moreover, differentiation of LINGO-1-Fc-producing NSCs into oligodendrocytes in vitro was largely diminished by an NAMPT inhibitor, indicating that LINGO-1-Fc enhances the NAMPT/NAD/Sirt2 pathway. Together, our study establishes a CNS-targeted, novel LINGO-1-Fc delivery system using NSCs, which represents a novel and effective NSC-based gene therapy approach for the chronic stage of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Shanxi Datong University Medical School, Datong, China
| | - Jeannie Chin
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark Curtis
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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30
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Fraga-Silva TFC, Mimura LAN, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Ishikawa LLW, França TGD, Thomé R, Verinaud L, Arruda MSP, Sartori A. Tolerogenic Vaccination with MOG/VitD Overcomes Aggravating Effect of C. albicans in Experimental Encephalomyelitis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:807-16. [PMID: 27321391 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). We described that Candida albicans (Ca) aggravates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) that is a model to study MS. We also observed that vaccination with a myelin peptide (MOG) in the presence of vitamin D (VitD) protected mice against EAE. In this work, we investigated whether Ca infection interferes with the efficacy of this vaccine. METHODS EAE was induced in C57BL/6 female mice previously vaccinated with MOG+VitD and then infected 3 days before encephalomyelitis induction. RESULTS Vaccination was able to control EAE development in infected mice. These animals gained weight, and only a few progressed to very low clinical scores. Protection was confirmed by a lower inflammatory infiltration in the CNS and was also associated with a reduced production of encephalitogenic cytokines by spleen and CNS cell cultures. The elevated percentage of CD25(+) FoxP3(+) cells suggests that regulatory T cells are involved in the protection. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes from mice vaccinated with MOG+VitD supports the view that protection is mediated by immunoregulatory cells. CONCLUSION Together, these experiments provide evidence demonstrating that EAE can be prevented by the inverse vaccination with MOG+VitD even in the presence of a disease-aggravating infectious agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais F C Fraga-Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiza A N Mimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sofia F G Zorzella-Pezavento
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa L W Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais G D França
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Thomé
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liana Verinaud
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria S P Arruda
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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31
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Álvarez-Sánchez N, Cruz-Chamorro I, López-González A, Utrilla JC, Fernández-Santos JM, Martínez-López A, Lardone PJ, Guerrero JM, Carrillo-Vico A. Melatonin controls experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by altering the T effector/regulatory balance. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 50:101-114. [PMID: 26130320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the experimental model for multiple sclerosis (MS), is triggered by myelin-specific Th1 and Th17 cells. The immunomodulatory activities of melatonin have been shown to be beneficial under several conditions in which the immune system is exacerbated. Here, we sought to elucidate the basis of the melatonin protective effect on EAE by characterizing the T effector/regulatory responses, particularly those of the memory cell subsets. Melatonin was tested for its effect on Th1, Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells in the lymph nodes and CNS of immunodominant peptide of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (pMOG)-immunized and EAE mice, respectively. The capacity of melatonin to ameliorate EAE as well as modifying both T cell response and effector/regulatory balance was surveyed. T cell memory subsets and CD44, a key activation marker involved in the EAE pathogenesis, were also examined. Melatonin protected from EAE by decreasing peripheral and central Th1/Th17 responses and enhancing both the Treg frequency and IL-10 synthesis in the CNS. Melatonin reduced the T effector memory population and its pro-inflammatory response and regulated CD44 expression, which was decreased in T effector cells and increased in Tregs. The alterations in the T cell subpopulations were associated with a reduced mononuclear infiltration (CD4 and CD11b cells) of the melatonin-treated mice CNS. For the first time, we report that melatonin protects against EAE by controlling peripheral and central T effector/regulatory responses, effects that might be partially mediated by CD44. This immunomodulatory effect on EAE suggests that melatonin may represent an effective treatment option for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Álvarez-Sánchez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain
| | - Ivan Cruz-Chamorro
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio López-González
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery, Virgen Macarena & Virgen del Rocío University Hospitals, Seville, Spain
| | - José C Utrilla
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Spain
| | - José M Fernández-Santos
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Alicia Martínez-López
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Patricia J Lardone
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Juan M Guerrero
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Spain; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Carrillo-Vico
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Spain.
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