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Fernandes de Souza WD, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Ayupe MC, Salgado CL, Oliveira BDC, Moreira F, da Silva GW, Muraro SP, de Souza GF, Proença-Módena JL, Araujo Junior JP, Fonseca DMD, Sartori A. Lung Inflammation Induced by Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in C57BL/6 Female Mice Is Controlled by Intranasal Instillation of Vitamin D. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071092. [PMID: 37048165 PMCID: PMC10093523 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was triggered by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, whose peak occurred in the years 2020 and 2021. The main target of this virus is the lung, and the infection is associated with an accentuated inflammatory process involving mainly the innate arm of the immune system. Here, we described the induction of a pulmonary inflammatory process triggered by the intranasal (IN) instillation of UV-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in C57BL/6 female mice, and then the evaluation of the ability of vitamin D (VitD) to control this process. The assays used to estimate the severity of lung involvement included the total and differential number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), histopathological analysis, quantification of T cell subsets, and inflammatory mediators by RT-PCR, cytokine quantification in lung homogenates, and flow cytometric analysis of cells recovered from lung parenchyma. The IN instillation of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 triggered a pulmonary inflammatory process, consisting of various cell types and mediators, resembling the typical inflammation found in transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. This inflammatory process was significantly decreased by the IN delivery of VitD, but not by its IP administration, suggesting that this hormone could have a therapeutic potential in COVID-19 if locally applied. To our knowledge, the local delivery of VitD to downmodulate lung inflammation in COVID-19 is an original proposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Danilo Fernandes de Souza
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Caçador Ayupe
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Loureiro Salgado
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Bernardo de Castro Oliveira
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Francielly Moreira
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme William da Silva
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Stefanie Primon Muraro
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Fabiano de Souza
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Proença-Módena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Joao Pessoa Araujo Junior
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Morais da Fonseca
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
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Fraga-Silva TFDC, Munhoz-Alves N, Mimura LAN, de Oliveira LRC, Figueiredo-Godoi LMA, Garcia MT, Oliveira ES, Ishikawa LLW, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Bonato VLD, Junqueira JC, Bagagli E, Sartori A. Systemic Infection by Non-albicans Candida Species Affects the Development of a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040386. [PMID: 35448617 PMCID: PMC9032036 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis may affect the central nervous system (CNS), and although Candida albicans is predominant, non-albicans Candida species can also be associated with CNS infections. Some studies have suggested that Candida infections could increase the odds of multiple sclerosis (MS) development. In this context, we investigated whether systemic infection by non-albicans Candida species would affect, clinically or immunologically, the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is an animal model used to study MS. For this, a strain of C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. parapsilosis was selected and characterized using different in vitro and in vivo models. In these analysis, all the strains exhibited the ability to form biofilms, produce proteolytic enzymes, and cause systemic infections in Galleria mellonella, with C. glabrata being the most virulent species. Next, C57BL/6 mice were infected with strains of C. glabrata, C. krusei, or C. parapsilosis, and 3 days later were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein to develop EAE. Mice from EAE groups previously infected with C. glabrata and C. krusei developed more severe and more prevalent paralysis, while mice from the EAE group infected with C. parapsilosis developed a disease comparable to non-infected EAE mice. Disease aggravation by C. glabrata and C. krusei strains was concomitant to increased IL-17 and IFN-γ production by splenic cells stimulated with fungi-derived antigens and with increased percentage of T lymphocytes and myeloid cells in the CNS. Analysis of interaction with BV-2 microglial cell line also revealed differences among these strains, in which C. krusei was the strongest activator of microglia concerning the expression of MHC II and CD40 and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Altogether, these results indicated that the three non-albicans Candida strains were similarly able to reach the CNS but distinct in terms of their effect over EAE development. Whereas C. glabrata and C. Krusei aggravated the development of EAE, C. parapsilosis did not affect its severity. Disease worsening was partially associated to virulence factors in C. glabrata and to a strong activation of microglia in C. krusei infection. In conclusion, systemic infections by non-albicans Candida strains exerted influence on the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in both immunological and clinical aspects, emphasizing their possible relevance in MS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Fernanda de Campos Fraga-Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (N.M.-A.); (L.A.N.M.); (E.S.O.); (L.L.W.I.); (S.F.G.Z.-P.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Natália Munhoz-Alves
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (N.M.-A.); (L.A.N.M.); (E.S.O.); (L.L.W.I.); (S.F.G.Z.-P.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Luiza Ayumi Nishiyama Mimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (N.M.-A.); (L.A.N.M.); (E.S.O.); (L.L.W.I.); (S.F.G.Z.-P.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Lívia Mara Alves Figueiredo-Godoi
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Jose dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil; (L.M.A.F.-G.); (M.T.G.); (J.C.J.)
| | - Maíra Terra Garcia
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Jose dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil; (L.M.A.F.-G.); (M.T.G.); (J.C.J.)
| | - Evelyn Silva Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (N.M.-A.); (L.A.N.M.); (E.S.O.); (L.L.W.I.); (S.F.G.Z.-P.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Larissa Lumi Watanabe Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (N.M.-A.); (L.A.N.M.); (E.S.O.); (L.L.W.I.); (S.F.G.Z.-P.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Sofia Fernanda Gonçalves Zorzella-Pezavento
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (N.M.-A.); (L.A.N.M.); (E.S.O.); (L.L.W.I.); (S.F.G.Z.-P.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Vânia Luiza Deperon Bonato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil;
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Jose dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil; (L.M.A.F.-G.); (M.T.G.); (J.C.J.)
| | - Eduardo Bagagli
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (N.M.-A.); (L.A.N.M.); (E.S.O.); (L.L.W.I.); (S.F.G.Z.-P.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (N.M.-A.); (L.A.N.M.); (E.S.O.); (L.L.W.I.); (S.F.G.Z.-P.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Disease, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil;
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Borim PA, Mimura LAN, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Polonio CM, Peron JPS, Sartori A, Fraga-Silva TFDC. Effect of Rapamycin on MOG-Reactive Immune Cells and Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Microglia: An In Vitro Approach for Screening New Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:153-160. [PMID: 35384725 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin is an immunomodulatory drug that has been evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials as a disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we evaluated the in vitro effect of rapamycin on immune cells pivotally involved in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is an animal model to study MS. Splenocytes and central nervous system (CNS)-mononuclear cells obtained from EAE mice were stimulated with a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide, whereas the microglial BV-2 cell line was activated with LPS. The 3 immune cell types were simultaneously treated with rapamycin, incubated, and then used to analyze cytokines, transcription factors, and activation markers. Rapamycin reduced IL-17 production, TBX21, and RORc expression by splenic and CNS cell cultures. IFN-γ and TNF-α production were also decreased in CNS cultures. This treatment also decreased TNF-α, IL-6, MHC II, CD40, and CD86 expression by BV-2 cells. These results indicated that in vivo immunomodulatory activity of rapamycin in MS and EAE was, in many aspects, reproduced by in vitro assays done with cells derived from the spleen and the CNS of EAE mice. This procedure could constitute a screening strategy for choosing drugs with therapeutic potential for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Aparecida Borim
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.,Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Pinke KH, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Lara VS, Sartori A. Should mast cells be considered therapeutic targets in multiple sclerosis? Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1995-2007. [PMID: 32394947 PMCID: PMC7716037 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.282238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are immune cells of the myeloid lineage that are found throughout the body, including the central nervous system. They perform many functions associated with innate and specific immunity, angiogenesis, and vascular homeostasis. Moreover, they have been implicated in a series of pathologies (e.g., hypersensitivity reactions, tumors, and inflammatory disorders). In this review, we propose that this cell could be a relevant therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis, which is a central nervous system degenerative disease. To support this proposition, we describe the general biological properties of mast cells, their contribution to innate and specific immunity, and the participation of mast cells in the various stages of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development. The final part of this review is dedicated to an overview of the available mast cells immunomodulatory drugs and their activity on multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, including our own experience related to the effect of ketotifen fumarate on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Henriette Pinke
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Soares Lara
- Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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de Toledo JHDS, Fraga-Silva TFDC, Borim PA, de Oliveira LRC, Oliveira EDS, Périco LL, Hiruma-Lima CA, de Souza AAL, de Oliveira CAF, Padilha PDM, Pinatto-Botelho MF, dos Santos AA, Sartori A, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG. Organic Selenium Reaches the Central Nervous System and Downmodulates Local Inflammation: A Complementary Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis? Front Immunol 2020; 11:571844. [PMID: 33193354 PMCID: PMC7664308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.571844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The persistent inflammation is being mainly attributed to local oxidative stress and inflammasome activation implicated in the ensuing demyelination and axonal damage. Since new control measures remain necessary, we evaluated the preventive and therapeutic potential of a beta-selenium-lactic acid derivative (LAD-βSe), which is a source of organic selenium under development, to control experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) that is an animal model for MS. Two EAE murine models: C57BL/6 and SJL/J immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and proteolipid protein, respectively, and a model of neurodegeneration induced by LPS in male C57BL/6 mice were used. The preventive potential of LAD-βSe was initially tested in C57BL/6 mice, the chronic MS model, by three different protocols that were started 14 days before or 1 or 7 days after EAE induction and were extended until the acute disease phase. These three procedures were denominated preventive therapy -14 days, 1 day, and 7 days, respectively. LAD-βSe administration significantly controlled clinical EAE development without triggering overt hepatic and renal dysfunction. In addition of a tolerogenic profile in dendritic cells from the mesenteric lymph nodes, LAD-βSe also downregulated cell amount, activation status of macrophages and microglia, NLRP3 (NOD-like receptors) inflammasome activation and other pro-inflammatory parameters in the CNS. The high Se levels found in the CNS suggested that the product crossed the blood-brain barrier having a possible local effect. The hypothesis that LAD-βSe was acting locally was then confirmed by using the LPS-induced neurodegeneration model that also displayed Se accumulation and downmodulation of pro-inflammatory parameters in the CNS. Remarkably, therapy with LAD-βSe soon after the first remitting episode in SJL/J mice, also significantly downmodulated local inflammation and clinical disease severity. This study indicates that LAD-βSe, and possibly other derivatives containing Se, are able to reach the CNS and have the potential to be used as preventive and therapeutic measures in distinct clinical forms of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrícia Aparecida Borim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Evelyn da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lucena Périco
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Clélia Akiko Hiruma-Lima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Adriana Aparecida Lopes de Souza
- Veterinary Clinical Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro de Magalhães Padilha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Marcos Felipe Pinatto-Botelho
- LabSSeTe Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alcindo Aparecido dos Santos
- LabSSeTe Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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de Oliveira LRC, Mimura LAN, Fraga-Silva TFDC, Ishikawa LLW, Fernandes AAH, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Sartori A. Calcitriol Prevents Neuroinflammation and Reduces Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Local Macrophage/Microglia Activation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:161. [PMID: 32226379 PMCID: PMC7080989 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that involves damage to the myelin sheath surrounding axons. MS therapy is based on immunomodulatory drugs that reduce disease recurrence and severity. Vitamin D is a hormone whose immunomodulatory ability has been widely demonstrated, including in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is an animal model of CNS inflammation. In this study, we evaluated the potential of very early intervention with the active form of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) to control neuroinflammation during EAE development. EAE was induced in C57BL/6J mice and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration began 1 day after disease induction. This procedure decreased prevalence, clinical score, inflammation, and demyelination. It also reduced MHCII expression in macrophages and microglia as well as the level of oxidative stress and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression for NLRP3, caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, CX3CR1, CCL17, RORc and Tbx21 at the CNS. Otherwise, mRNA expression for ZO-1 increased at the lumbar spinal cord. These effects were accompanied by the stabilization of blood-spinal cord barrier permeability. The results of this study indicate that early intervention with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can control the neuroinflammatory process that is the hallmark of EAE and MS immunopathogenesis and should thus be explored as an adjunct therapy for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiza Ayumi Nishiyama Mimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Lumi Watanabe Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Pinke KH, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, de Campos Fraga-Silva TF, Mimura LAN, de Oliveira LRC, Ishikawa LLW, Fernandes AAH, Lara VS, Sartori A. Calming Down Mast Cells with Ketotifen: A Potential Strategy for Multiple Sclerosis Therapy? Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:218-234. [PMID: 31463682 PMCID: PMC7007452 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by extensive inflammation, demyelination, axonal loss and gliosis. Evidence indicates that mast cells contribute to immunopathogenesis of both MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is the most employed animal model to study this disease. Considering the inflammatory potential of mast cells, their presence at the CNS and their stabilization by certain drugs, we investigated the effect of ketotifen fumarate (Ket) on EAE development. EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with MOG35-55 and the animals were injected daily with Ket from the seventh to the 17th day after disease induction. This early intervention with Ket significantly reduced disease prevalence and severity. The protective effect was concomitant with less NLRP3 inflammasome activation, rebalanced oxidative stress and also reduced T cell infiltration at the CNS. Even though Ket administration did not alter mast cell percentage at the CNS, it decreased the local CPA3 and CMA1 mRNA expression that are enzymes typically produced by these cells. Evaluation of the CNS-barrier permeability indicated that Ket clearly restored the permeability levels of this barrier. Ket also triggered an evident lymphadenomegaly due to accumulation of T cells that produced higher levels of encephalitogenic cytokines in response to in vitro stimulation with MOG. Altogether these findings reinforce the concept that mast cells are particularly relevant in MS immunopathogenesis and that Ket, a known stabilizer of their activity, has the potential to be used in MS control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Henriette Pinke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Dr. Plinio Pinto e Silva, S/N, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-691, Brazil.
| | - Sofia Fernanda Gonçalves Zorzella-Pezavento
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Dr. Plinio Pinto e Silva, S/N, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-691, Brazil
| | - Thais Fernanda de Campos Fraga-Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Dr. Plinio Pinto e Silva, S/N, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-691, Brazil
| | - Luiza Ayumi Nishiyama Mimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Dr. Plinio Pinto e Silva, S/N, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-691, Brazil
| | - Larissa Ragozo Cardoso de Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Dr. Plinio Pinto e Silva, S/N, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-691, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lumi Watanabe Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Dr. Plinio Pinto e Silva, S/N, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-691, Brazil
| | - Ana Angélica Henrique Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Soares Lara
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Dr. Plinio Pinto e Silva, S/N, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-691, Brazil
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Missio AP, Fraga-Silva TFDC, Ishikawa LLW, Mimura LAN, França TGD, de Oliveira LRC, Sartori A, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG. C57BL/6 and DBA/1 Mice Differ in Their Response to Supplementation with 1,25D and Paricalcitol. Biomed Environ Sci 2018; 31:613-618. [PMID: 30231966 DOI: 10.3967/bes2018.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Parisoto Missio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Lumi Watanabe Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiza Ayumi Nishiyama Mimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Graziela Donegá França
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Mimura LAN, Fraga-Silva TFC, Ishikawa LLW, França TGD, Sartori A. Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Is Successfully Controlled by Epicutaneous Administration of MOG Plus Vitamin D Analog. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1198. [PMID: 29085356 PMCID: PMC5650696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been widely employed to evaluate new strategies to control MS, including procedures to induce immunological tolerance. Considering that skin exposure to protein antigens can induce tolerance and that vitamin D analogs conserve immunomodulatory potential and are less toxic, we investigated the efficacy of epicutaneous application of a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35–55) associated with paricalcitol (PARI) on EAE development. Three and 11 days after EAE induction, C57BL/6 mice were treated with an occlusive patch containing MOG plus PARI. Clinical parameters were daily assessed, whereas immunological and histological evaluations were performed during the acute EAE phase. MOG and MOG + PARI significantly controlled disease development reducing weight loss and clinical score. Moreover, MOG and MOG + PARI reduced the inflammatory process and preserved the myelin sheath in the CNS. High percentages of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and lower MHCII fluorescence intensity in dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes were concomitantly observed. MOG + PARI association was, however, more efficient being able to reduce disease incidence and clinical scores more significantly than MOG or PARI alone. This experimental group also displayed a higher ratio between mRNA expression for Foxp3 and RORc and a higher percentage of Foxp3+ cells in the CNS. Modulation of activation markers observed in microglial cells eluted from EAE treated mice were confirmed by in vitro studies with the BV-2 microglial cell line. The results show that MOG + PARI association applied by an epicutaneous route controlled EAE development. Protective involved mechanisms include mainly a higher proportion of Tregs and also a direct immunomodulatory effect of PARI on microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiza Ayumi Nishiyama Mimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Lumi Watanabe Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Thais Graziela Donegá França
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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10
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Chiuso-Minicucci F, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Marra NM, Peres RS, França TDG, Ishikawa LLW, da Rosa LC, Mimura LAN, Turato WM, do Amarante AFT, Sartori A. Acute Strongyloides venezuelensis infection did not prevent EAE development: implications for hygiene hypothesis. Trop Biomed 2016; 33:526-534. [PMID: 33579126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence of allergic and autoimmune pathologies is clearly increasing in developed countries. This has been attributed to a decreased exposure to certain microorganisms and been referred as hygiene hypothesis. In this study we evaluated if a previous infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis would alter the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats. Animals were initially infected with 4000 L3 infective larvae of S. venezuelensis by subcutaneous route. Encephalomyelitis was then induced during the acute phase of the infection by immunization with myelin basic protein emulsified with Complete Freund's Adjuvant plus Mycobacterium butyricum. Previous infection downmodulated cytokine production but did not change clinical and histopathological EAE manifestations. Cytometric analysis with antibodies specific for CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells indicated that infection also did not alter the frequency of these cells in spleen and regional lymph nodes. This finding could partly explain the failure of this worm to avoid EAE progression. Altogether these results demonstrated that infection with S. venezuelensis was not able to modify EAE progression in Lewis rats. In the context of the hygiene hypothesis, these results reinforce the necessity of a comparative study among different helminth species to identify the ones with immunoregulatory competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chiuso-Minicucci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - S F G Zorzella-Pezavento
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - N M Marra
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - R S Peres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - T D G França
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - L L W Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - L C da Rosa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - L A N Mimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - W M Turato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, USP - University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Pedreira de Freitas, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14031-410, Brazil
| | - A F T do Amarante
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - A Sartori
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
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Colavite PM, Ishikawa LLW, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Oliveira LRCD, França TGD, da Rosa LC, Chiuso-Minicucci F, Vieira AE, Francisconi CF, da Cunha MDLRDS, Garlet GP, Sartori A. Cloxacillin control of experimental arthritis induced by SEC(+) Staphylococcus aureus is associated with downmodulation of local and systemic cytokines. Cell Microbiol 2015; 18:998-1008. [PMID: 26695535 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common agent of septic arthritis (SA) that is a severe, rapidly progressive and erosive disease. In this work we investigated the clinical, histopathological and immunological characteristics of the SA triggered by an enterotoxin C producer S. aureus strain. The effect of a β-lactamic antibiotic over disease evolution and cytokine production was also evaluated. After confirmation that ATCC 19095 SEC(+) strain preserved its ability to produce enterotoxin C, this bacteria was used to infect C57BL/6 male mice. Body weight, clinical score and disease prevalence were daily evaluated during 14 days. Cytokine production by splenocytes, cytokine mRNA expression in arthritic lesions, transcription factors mRNA expression in inguinal lymph nodes and histopathological analysis were performed 7 and 14 days after infection. ATCC 19095 SEC(+) strain caused a severe arthritis characterized by weight loss, high clinical scores and a 100% disease prevalence. Histopathological analysis revealed inflammation, pannus formation and bone erosion. Arthritis aggravation was associated with elevated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, higher local mRNA expression of these cytokines and also higher mRNA expression of T-bet, ROR-γ and GATA-3. Disease control by cloxacillin was associated with decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines but not of IL-10. These findings indicate that the ATCC 19095 SEC(+) strain is able to initiate a severe septic arthritis in mice associated with elevated cytokine production that can be, however, controlled by cloxacillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Maria Colavite
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lumi Watanabe Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Ragozo Cardoso de Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís Graziela Donegá França
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Camargo da Rosa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Chiuso-Minicucci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreia Espíndola Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University-FOB/USP, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Fávaro Francisconi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University-FOB/USP, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University-FOB/USP, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chiuso-Minicucci F, Ishikawa LLW, Mimura LAN, Fraga-Silva TFDC, França TGD, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Marques C, Ikoma MRV, Sartori A. Treatment with Vitamin D/MOG Association Suppresses Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125836. [PMID: 25965341 PMCID: PMC4428830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model to study multiple sclerosis (MS). Considering the tolerogenic effects of active vitamin D, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) associated with active vitamin D in EAE development. EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with MOG emulsified with Complete Freund's Adjuvant plus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Animals also received two intraperitoneal doses of Bordetella pertussis toxin. One day after immunization, mice were treated with 0,1 μg of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) every other day during 15 days (on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15). MOG (150 μg) was co-administered on days 3 and 11. The administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 or MOG determined significant reduction in EAE incidence and in clinical scores. When MOG was associated with 1,25(OH)2D3 the animals did not develop EAE. Spleen and central nervous system (CNS) cell cultures from this group produced less IL-6 and IL-17 upon stimulation with MOG in comparison to the EAE control group. In addition, this treatment inhibited dendritic cells maturation in the spleen and reduced inflammatory infiltration in the CNS. The association of MOG with 1,25(OH)2D3 was able to control EAE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Chiuso-Minicucci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lumi Watanabe Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiza Ayumi Nishiyama Mimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Graziela Donegá França
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Marques
- Laboratório de Citometria de Fluxo—Fundação Dr. Amaral Carvalho, Jaú, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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13
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França TGD, Chiuso-Minicucci F, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Ishikawa LLW, da Rosa LC, Colavite PM, Marques C, Ikoma MRV, da Cunha MDLRDS, Sartori A. Previous infection with Staphylococcus aureus strains attenuated experimental encephalomyelitis. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:8. [PMID: 24401094 PMCID: PMC3890639 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial superantigens are potent T cell activators that can activate T cells with specificity for antigens of the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we compared the effect of two S. aureus strains on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development. C57BL/6 female mice were infected with S. aureus ATCC 51650, which produces toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1+) or S. aureus ATCC 43300, which does not produce toxins (TOX-). Three days later, the animals were subjected to EAE induction by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). The weight variation, disease incidence and clinical score were recorded daily. Cytokines and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the brain were evaluated during the acute disease phase. Cytokines and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the spleen and histopathological analysis of the CNS were assessed during the chronic stage. RESULTS Previous infection with both strains similarly decreased the clinical score; however, only the TSST-1+ strain clearly diminished inflammation in the CNS. The infections also modulated cytokine production in the spleen and CNS. Reduced production of IL-5 and IL-10 was detected in MOG-stimulated spleen cultures in the TOX- and TSST-1+ infected groups, respectively. In S. aureus stimulated cultures, there was an increased production of IFN-γ and IL-10 in both infected groups and an increased level of IL-5 in the TSST-1+ group. CNS infiltrating cell cultures from previously infected mice produced less IL-17 in response to MOG and more IFN-γ in response to S. aureus stimulation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that both strains attenuated clinical EAE manifestations, but only TSST-1 clearly decreased CNS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, 18618-000 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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14
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Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Chiuso-Minicucci F, França TGD, Ishikawa LLW, da Rosa LC, Colavite PM, Marques C, Ikoma MRV, Silva CL, Sartori A. Downmodulation of peripheral MOG-specific immunity by pVAXhsp65 treatment during EAE does not reach the CNS. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 268:35-42. [PMID: 24439542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Most of the therapeutic strategies to control multiple sclerosis are directed to immune modulation and inflammation control. As heat shock proteins are able to induce immunoregulatory T cells, we investigated the therapeutic effect of a genetic vaccine containing the mycobacterial hsp65 gene on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Although pVAXhsp65 was immunogenic for mice with EAE and downmodulated specific cytokine induction by MOG, therapy was not able to decrease clinical severity nor to modify immunologic parameters in the CNS. These results indicate that hsp65, administered as a DNA vaccine, was not therapeutic for EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Chiuso-Minicucci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Graziela Donegá França
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lumi Watanabe Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Camargo da Rosa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Maria Colavite
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Marques
- Laboratório de Citometria de Fluxo - Fundação Dr. Amaral Carvalho, Jaú, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Célio Lopes Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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da Rosa LC, Chiuso-Minicucci F, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, França TGD, Ishikawa LLW, Colavite PM, Balbino B, Tavares LCB, Silva CL, Marques C, Ikoma MRV, Sartori A. Bacille Calmette-Guérin/DNAhsp65 prime-boost is protective against diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice but not in the streptozotocin model of type 1 diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 173:430-7. [PMID: 23692306 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I diabetes is a disease caused by autoimmune destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas that leads to a deficiency in insulin production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prophylactic potential of a prime-boost strategy involving bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and the pVAXhsp65 vaccine (BCG/DNAhsp65) in diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in C57BL/6 mice and also in spontaneous type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. BCG/DNAhsp65 vaccination in NOD mice determined weight gain, protection against hyperglycaemia, decreased islet inflammation, higher levels of cytokine production by the spleen and a reduced number of regulatory T cells in the spleen compared with non-immunized NOD mice. In the STZ model, however, there was no significant difference in the clinical parameters. Although this vaccination strategy did not protect mice in the STZ model, it was very effective in NOD mice. This is the first report demonstrating that a prime-boost strategy could be explored as an immunomodulatory procedure in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C da Rosa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Colavite-Machado PM, Ishikawa LLW, França TGD, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, da Rosa LC, Chiuso-Minicucci F, da Cunha MDLRDS, Garlet GP, Sartori A. Differential arthritogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from biological samples. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:400. [PMID: 23988021 PMCID: PMC3846911 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is the most common agent of septic arthritis that is a severe, rapidly progressive and destructive joint disease. Superantigens produced by S. aureus are considered the major arthritogenic factors. In this study, we compared the arthritogenic potential of five superantigen-producing staphylococcal strains. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were intravenously infected with ATCC 19095 SEC+, N315 ST5 TSST-1+, S-70 TSST-1+, ATCC 51650 TSST-1+ and ATCC 13565 SEA+ strains. Clinical parameters as body weight, arthritis incidence and clinical score were daily evaluated. Joint histopathological analysis and spleen cytokine production were evaluated at the 14th day after infection. RESULTS Weight loss was observed in all infected mice. ATCC 19095 SEC+, N315 ST5 TSST-1+ and S-70 TSST-1+ were arthritogenic, being the highest scores observed in ATCC 19095 SEC+ infected mice. Intermediate and lower clinical scores were observed in N315 ST5 TSST-1+ and S-70 TSST-1+ infected mice, respectively. The ATCC 13565 SEA+ strain caused death of 85% of the animals after 48 h. Arthritis triggered by the ATCC 19095 SEC+ strain was characterized by accentuated synovial hyperplasia, inflammation, pannus formation, cartilage destruction and bone erosion. Similar joint alterations were found in N315 ST5 TSST-1+ infected mice, however they were strikingly more discrete. Only minor synovial proliferation and inflammation were triggered by the S-70 TSST-1+ strain. The lowest levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17 production in response to S. aureus stimulation were found in cultures from mice infected with the less arthritogenic strains (S-70 TSST-1+ and ATCC 51650 TSST-1+). The highest production of IL-17 was detected in mice infected with the most arthritogenic strains (ATCC 19095 SEC+ and N315 ST5 TSST-1+). CONCLUSIONS Together these results demonstrated that S. aureus strains, isolated from biological samples, were able to induce a typical septic arthritis in mice. These results also suggest that the variable arthritogenicity of these strains was, at least in part, related to their differential ability to induce IL-17 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Maria Colavite-Machado
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Univ, Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, 18618-070 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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17
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Peres RS, Chiuso-Minicucci F, da Rosa LC, Domingues A, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, França TGD, Ishikawa LLW, do Amarante AFT, Sartori A. Previous contact with Strongyloides venezuelensis contributed to prevent insulitis in MLD-STZ diabetes. Exp Parasitol 2013; 134:183-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Chiuso-Minicucci F, VAN DB, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Peres RS, Ishikawa LLW, Rosa LC, França TGD, Turato WM, Amarante AFT, Sartori A. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis evolution was not modified by multiple infections with Strongyloides venezuelensis. Parasite Immunol 2011; 33:303-8. [PMID: 21477142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
According to the hygiene hypothesis, the increased incidence of allergic and autoimmune diseases in developed countries is mainly explained by the decreased contact between the human population and certain environmental agents as lactobacillus, mycobacteria and helminths. In this study, we evaluated the effect of multiple infections with Strongyloides venezuelensis on the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats. Multiple infections before EAE induction were not able to change the evolution of the disease. No alterations were observed in weight loss, clinical score and inflammation intensity at the central nervous system. The presence of significant levels of parasite-specific IgG1 but not IgG2b suggested a Th2 polarization. However, the percentage and absolute number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells were not changed, being their levels in the spleen and lymph nodes of infected rats comparable to the ones found in normal animals. These results suggest that a Th2-polarized response without concomitant expansion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells was not able to modify EAE progression. Even though these results do not threaten the hygiene hypothesis, they suggest that this paradigm might be an oversimplification. They also emphasize the need of a study to compare the immunoregulatory ability associated with different helminth spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chiuso-Minicucci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Marra NM, Chiuso-Minicucci F, Machado GC, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, França TGD, Ishikawa LLW, Amarante AFT, Sartori A, Amarante MRV. Migratory route of Strongyloides venezuelensis in Lewis rats: comparison of histological analyses and PCR. Exp Parasitol 2011; 127:334-9. [PMID: 20801116 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Strongyloides venezuelensis is a parasitic nematode that has been used as a model to study human and animal strongyloidiasis. In this study, we compared the sensitivity between traditional methodologies and PCR assay to characterize the dynamics of S. venezuelensis infection and its migration route in Lewis rats subcutaneously infected with 4000 L3. The dynamics of the infection was determined by counting the number of eggs and by detecting parasite deoxyribonucleic acid in faeces samples. Both techniques similarly detected the infection at day 6 after larvae inoculation. However, PCR performed with the genus primer showed higher sensitivity during the recovery phase. Histological analysis and PCR assay were then used to follow parasite tissue migration. S. venezuelensis migration route included the muscular fibers below the skin, the pulmonary alveoli and the small intestine vilosities. The sensitivity of these two techniques to detect parasite's presence in these tissues was statistically similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Mendes Marra
- Department of Parasitology, Biosciences Institute, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Martins DR, Pelizon AC, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Seger J, Santos Junior RR, Fonseca DM, Justulin LA, Silva CL, Sartori A. Exposure to Mycobacterium avium decreases the protective effect of the DNA vaccine pVAXhsp65 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma. Scand J Immunol 2011; 73:293-300. [PMID: 21214611 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of previous Mycobacterium avium exposure on the protective ability of the DNA vaccine pVAXhsp65 against inflammation in the pulmonary parenchyma. BALB/c mice were presensitized with heat-killed M. avium and then immunized with three doses of pVAXhsp65 prior to challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. avium sensitization induced high levels of spontaneous IL-5 production that were concomitant with a positive delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction; antigen-specific IFN-γ production was also observed upon splenocyte stimulation. Prior exposure to M. avium resulted in altered cytokine and antibody production induced by immunization with pVAXhsp65; instead of a Th1 response, vaccinated mice previously exposed to M. avium developed a strong Th2 response. This switch to a Th2 response coincided with the loss of the anti-inflammatory effect of pVAXhsp65 vaccination previously observed in the pulmonary parenchyma of mice infected with M. tuberculosis. These results suggest that exposure to environmental mycobacteria can modulate immune responses induced by mycobacterial vaccines other than bacillus Calmette-Guérin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Martins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Seger J, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Pelizon AC, Martins DR, Domingues A, Sartori A. Decreased production of TNF-alpha by lymph node cells indicates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis remission in Lewis rats. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 105:263-8. [PMID: 20512238 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is mediated by CD4+ Th1 cells that mainly secrete IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, important cytokines in the pathophysiology of the disease. Spontaneous remission is, in part, attributed to the down regulation of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha by TGF-beta. In the current paper, we compared weight, histopathology and immunological parameters during the acute and recovery phases of EAE to establish the best biomarker for clinical remission. Female Lewis rats were immunised with myelin basic protein (MBP) emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant. Animals were evaluated daily for clinical score and weight prior to euthanisation. All immunised animals developed the expected characteristics of EAE during the acute phase, including significant weight loss and high clinical scores. Disease remission was associated with a significant reduction in clinical scores, although immunised rats did not regain their initial weight values. Brain inflammatory infiltrates were higher during the acute phase. During the remission phase, anti-myelin antibody levels increased, whereas TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma production by lymph node cells cultured with MBP or concanavalin A, respectively, decreased. The most significant difference observed between the acute and recovery phases was in the induction of TNF-alpha levels in MBP-stimulated cultures. Therefore, the in vitro production of this cytokine could be used as a biomarker for EAE remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Seger
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Pelizon AC, Martins DR, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Seger J, Justulin LA, da Fonseca DM, Santos RR, Masson AP, Silva CL, Sartori A. Neonatal BCG immunization followed by DNAhsp65 boosters: highly immunogenic but not protective against tuberculosis - a paradoxical effect of the vector? Scand J Immunol 2010; 71:63-9. [PMID: 20384857 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new tuberculosis vaccine is urgently needed. Prime-boost strategies are considered very promising and the inclusion of BCG is highly desirable. In this investigation, we tested the protective efficacy of BCG delivered in the neonatal period followed by boosters in the adult phase with a DNA vaccine containing the hsp65 gene from Mycobacterium leprae (pVAXhsp65). Immune responses were characterized by serum anti-hsp65 antibody levels and IFN-gamma and IL-5 production by the spleen. Amounts of these cytokines were also determined in lung homogenates. Protective efficacy was established by the number of colony-forming units (CFU) and histopathological analysis of the lungs after challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Immunization with BCG alone triggered a significant reduction of CFU in the lungs and also clearly preserved the pulmonary parenchyma. BCG priming also increased the immunogenicity of pVAXhsp65. However, boosters with pVAXhsp65 or the empty vector abolished the protective efficacy of BCG. Also, higher IL-5 levels were produced by spleen and lungs after DNA boosters. These results demonstrated that neonatal BCG immunization followed by DNAhsp65 boosters is highly immunogenic but is not protective against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Pelizon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chiuso-Minicucci F, Marra NM, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, França TGD, Ishikawa LLW, Amarante MRV, Amarante AFT, Sartori A. Recovery from Strongyloides venezuelensis infection in Lewis rats is associated with a strong Th2 response. Parasite Immunol 2010; 32:74-8. [PMID: 20042010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the infection and subsequent immunity induced by Strongyloides venezuelensis in Lewis rats. Animals were infected with 4000 L3 of S. venezuelensis and number of eggs per gram of faeces indicated an acute phase around day 8 and a recovery phase around day 32 after infection. A strong Th2 polarization during recovery phase was ascertained by a significant increase in IgG1 and IgE compared with that in the acute period. A shift in the cytokine profile confirmed these findings. A predominant production of IFN-gamma during the acute phase was followed by IL-10 production during recovery. Together these findings show that experimental infection of Lewis rats with S. venezuelensis presents a kinetics of parasite establishment and immunity similar to that described in other models of helminthic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chiuso-Minicucci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-000, Brazil
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Marra NM, Chiuso-Minicucci F, Machado GC, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, França TGD, Ishikawa LLW, Amarante AFT, Sartori A, Amarante MRV. Faecal examination and PCR to detect Strongyloides venezuelensis in experimentally infected Lewis rats. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 105:57-61. [PMID: 20209330 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
More sensitive methodologies are necessary to improve strongyloidiasis diagnosis. This study compared the sensitivities of the McMaster modified technique and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, both performed in faecal samples. Lewis rats were subcutaneously infected with 4,000, 400 or 40 infective third-stage larvae, considered as high, moderate or low infection, respectively. Seven days later, they were euthanized to count adult nematodes recovered from the small intestine. Stool samples were used to count the number of eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces and to detect parasite DNA by PCR performed with a species and a genus primer pair. The sensitivity of these assays depended upon parasite burden and the primer specificity. All assays presented 100% sensitivity at the highest parasite load. In the moderate infection, EPG and PCR with the genus primer maintained 100% specificity, whereas PCR sensitivity with the species primer decreased to 77.7%. In low infection, the sensitivity was 60% for EPG, 0% for PCR with the species primer and 90% for PCR done with the genus primer. Together, these results suggest that PCR with a genus primer can be a very sensitive methodology to detect Strongyloides venezuelensisin faeces of Lewis rats infected with very low parasite burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Mendes Marra
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, 18618-000
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Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Chiuso-Minicucci F, França TGD, Ishikawa LLW, Martins DR, Silva CL, Sartori A. Immunization with pVAXhsp65 decreases inflammation and modulates immune response in experimental encephalomyelitis. Neuroimmunomodulation 2010; 17:287-97. [PMID: 20407280 DOI: 10.1159/000292018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A DNA vaccine (pVAXhsp65) containing the gene of a heat-shock protein (hsp65) from Mycobacterium leprae showed high immunogenicity and protective efficacy against tuberculosis in BALB/c mice. A possible deleterious effect related to autoimmunity needed to be tested because hsp65 is highly homologous to the correspondent mammalian protein. In this investigation we tested the effect of a previous immunization with DNAhsp65 in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rat model of multiple sclerosis. METHODS Female Lewis rats were immunized with 3 pVAXhsp65 doses by intramuscular route. Fifteen days after the last DNA dose the animals were evaluated for specific immunity or submitted to induction of EAE. Animals were evaluated daily for weight loss and clinical score, and euthanized during the recovery phase to assess the immune response and inflammatory infiltration at the central nervous system. RESULTS Immunization with pVAXhsp65 induced a specific immune response characterized by production of IgG(2b) anti-hsp65 antibodies and IFN-gamma secretion. Previous immunization with pVAXhsp65 did not change EAE clinical manifestations (weight and clinical score). However, the vaccine clearly decreased brain and lumbar spinal cord inflammation. In addition, it downmodulated IFN-gamma and IL-10 production by peripheral lymphoid organs. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that this vaccine does not trigger a deleterious effect on EAE development and also points to a potential protective effect.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Chaperonin 60/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Female
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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França TGD, Ishikawa LLW, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Chiuso-Minicucci F, Guerino CPF, da Cunha MDLRDS, Sartori A. Immunization protected well nourished mice but not undernourished ones from lung injury in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9:240. [PMID: 19930660 PMCID: PMC2787521 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus methicillin-resistant (MRSA) has been frequently isolated from endotracheal and lung puncture aspirates in malnourished children with pneumonia. In this work we evaluated the susceptibility of undernourished BALB/c mice and its ability to mount a protective immunity against MRSA with emphasis on the lung involvement. Results BALB/c mice submitted to a 20% dietary restriction during 20 days presented a significant decrease in body weight, lymphocyte number and also atrophy in thymus and intestinal epithelium. Determination of bacterial load by the number of colony forming units (CFU) indicated a similar susceptibility whereas the findings of Gram stain clearly suggested a higher amount of bacteria in the lungs of normal mice than in the undernourished ones. Immunization reduced bacterial growth in the lungs of normal mice but not in the undernourished ones. Histopathological analysis showed that inflammation appeared in the lungs from normal mice only after infection and that immunization prevented this pulmonary inflammatory process. On the other hand, undernourished mice presented lung inflammation even before infection. In addition, the degree of this inflammatory process did not change with infection or previous immunization. Conclusion Our results indicated that lung injury during MRSA infection is prevented by previous immunization in well nourished but not in undernourished mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Graziela Donegá França
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciencies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.
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Ishikawa LLW, França TGD, Chiuso-Minicucci F, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Marra NM, Pereira PCM, Silva CL, Sartori A. Dietary restriction abrogates antibody production induced by a DNA vaccine encoding the mycobacterial 65 kDa heat shock protein. Genet Vaccines Ther 2009; 7:11. [PMID: 19607696 PMCID: PMC2717961 DOI: 10.1186/1479-0556-7-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) is the most common type of malnutrition. PCM leads to immunodeficiency and consequent increased susceptibility to infectious agents. In addition, responses to prophylactic vaccines depend on nutritional status. This study aims to evaluate the ability of undernourished mice to mount an immune response to a genetic vaccine (pVAXhsp65) against tuberculosis, containing the gene coding for the heat shock protein 65 from mycobacteria. Methods Young adult female BALB/c mice were fed ad libitum or with 80% of the amount of food consumed by a normal diet group. We initially characterized a mice model of dietary restriction by determining body and spleen weights, hematological parameters and histopathological changes in lymphoid organs. The ability of splenic cells to produce IFN-gamma and IL-4 upon in vitro stimulation with LPS or S. aureus and the serum titer of specific IgG1 and IgG2a anti-hsp65 antibodies after intramuscular immunization with pVAXhsp65 was then tested. Results Dietary restriction significantly decreased body and spleen weights and also the total lymphocyte count in blood. This restriction also determined a striking atrophy in lymphoid organs as spleen, thymus and lymphoid tissue associated with the small intestine. Specific antibodies were not detected in mice submitted to dietary restriction whereas the well nourished animals produced significant levels of both, IgG1 and IgG2a anti-hsp65. Conclusion 20% restriction in food intake deeply compromised humoral immunity induced by a genetic vaccine, alerting, therefore, for the relevance of the nutritional condition in vaccination programs based on these kinds of constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Lumi Watanabe Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil.
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França TGD, Ishikawa LLW, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Chiuso-Minicucci F, da Cunha MLRS, Sartori A. Impact of malnutrition on immunity and infection. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992009000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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