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Fernandes de Souza WD, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Ayupe MC, Salgado CL, Oliveira BDC, Moreira F, da Silva GW, Muraro SP, de Souza GF, Proença-Módena JL, Araujo Junior JP, Fonseca DMD, Sartori A. Lung Inflammation Induced by Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in C57BL/6 Female Mice Is Controlled by Intranasal Instillation of Vitamin D. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071092. [PMID: 37048165 PMCID: PMC10093523 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was triggered by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, whose peak occurred in the years 2020 and 2021. The main target of this virus is the lung, and the infection is associated with an accentuated inflammatory process involving mainly the innate arm of the immune system. Here, we described the induction of a pulmonary inflammatory process triggered by the intranasal (IN) instillation of UV-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in C57BL/6 female mice, and then the evaluation of the ability of vitamin D (VitD) to control this process. The assays used to estimate the severity of lung involvement included the total and differential number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), histopathological analysis, quantification of T cell subsets, and inflammatory mediators by RT-PCR, cytokine quantification in lung homogenates, and flow cytometric analysis of cells recovered from lung parenchyma. The IN instillation of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 triggered a pulmonary inflammatory process, consisting of various cell types and mediators, resembling the typical inflammation found in transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. This inflammatory process was significantly decreased by the IN delivery of VitD, but not by its IP administration, suggesting that this hormone could have a therapeutic potential in COVID-19 if locally applied. To our knowledge, the local delivery of VitD to downmodulate lung inflammation in COVID-19 is an original proposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Danilo Fernandes de Souza
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Caçador Ayupe
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Loureiro Salgado
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Bernardo de Castro Oliveira
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Francielly Moreira
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme William da Silva
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Stefanie Primon Muraro
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Fabiano de Souza
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Proença-Módena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Joao Pessoa Araujo Junior
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Morais da Fonseca
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
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Fernandes de Souza WD, da Fonseca DM, Sartori A. COVID-19 and Multiple Sclerosis: A Complex Relationship Possibly Aggravated by Low Vitamin D Levels. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050684. [PMID: 36899820 PMCID: PMC10000583 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an exceptionally transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus that appeared at the end of 2019 and triggered a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 can evolve into a severe disease associated with immediate and delayed sequelae in different organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). A topic that deserves attention in this context is the complex relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we initially described the clinical and immunopathogenic characteristics of these two illnesses, accentuating the fact that COVID-19 can, in defined patients, reach the CNS, the target tissue of the MS autoimmune process. The well-known contribution of viral agents such as the Epstein-Barr virus and the postulated participation of SARS-CoV-2 as a risk factor for the triggering or worsening of MS are then described. We emphasize the contribution of vitamin D in this scenario, considering its relevance in the susceptibility, severity and control of both pathologies. Finally, we discuss the experimental animal models that could be explored to better understand the complex interplay of these two diseases, including the possible use of vitamin D as an adjunct immunomodulator to treat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Danilo Fernandes de Souza
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Denise Morais da Fonseca
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil
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Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Mimura LAN, Denadai MB, de Souza WDF, Fraga-Silva TFDC, Sartori A. Is there a window of opportunity for the therapeutic use of vitamin D in multiple sclerosis? Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1945-1954. [PMID: 35142671 PMCID: PMC8848597 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune treatable but not curable disease. There are a multiplicity of medications for multiple sclerosis therapy, including a class entitled disease-modifying drugs that are mainly indicated to reduce the number and severity of disease relapses. Not all patients respond well to these therapies, and minor to severe adverse effects have been reported. Vitamin D, called sunshine vitamin, is being studied as a possible light at the end of the tunnel. In this review, we recapitulated the similar immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the immunomodulatory and neuroprotective potential of vitamin D and the state-of-art concerning its supplementation to multiple sclerosis patients. Finally, based on our and other groups’ experimental findings, we analyzed the need to consider the relevance of the route and the different time-point administration aspects for a more rational indication of this vitamin to multiple sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiza Ayumi Nishiyama Mimura
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Bonifácio Denadai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William Danilo Fernandes de Souza
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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