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Wei X, Zhang J, Cui J, Xu W, Zhao G, Guo C, Yuan W, Zhou X, Ma J. Adaptive plasticity of natural interleukin-35-induced regulatory T cells (Tr35) that are required for T-cell immune regulation. Theranostics 2024; 14:2897-2914. [PMID: 38773985 PMCID: PMC11103508 DOI: 10.7150/thno.90608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: IL-35 potently inhibits immune responses both in vivo and in vitro. However, the specific characteristics of IL-35-producing cells, including their developmental origin, cellular phenotype, and function, are unknown. Methods: By using a novel IL-35 reporter mouse (Ebi3-Dre-Thy1.1) and double transgenic fate-mapping reporter mice (35EbiT-Rosa26-rox-tdTomato reporter mice or Foxp3 fate-mapping system), we tracked and analyzed the differentiation and developmental trajectories of Tr35 cells in vivo. And then we investigated the therapeutic effects of OVA-specific Tr35 cells in an OVA-induced allergic airway disease model. Results: We identified a subset of cells, denoted Tr35 cells, that secrete IL-35 but do not express Foxp3. These cells have high expression of molecules associated with T-cell activation and can inhibit T-cell proliferation in vitro. Our analyses showed that Tr35 cells are a distinct subpopulation of cells that are independent of Tr1 cells. Tr35 cells exhibit a unique gene expression profile and tissue distribution. The presence of Thy1.1 (Ebi3) expression in Tr35 cells indicates their active secretion of IL-35. However, the proportion of ex-Tr35 cells (Thy1.1-) is significantly higher compared to Tr35 cells (Thy1.1+). This suggests that Tr35 cells possess the ability to regulate IL-35 expression rapidly in vivo. Tr35 cells downregulated the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-17A. However, once Tr35 cells lost IL-35 expression and became exTr35 cells, the expression of inflammatory cytokines was upregulated. Importantly, our findings indicate that Tr35 cells have therapeutic potential. In an OVA-induced allergic airway disease mouse model, Tr35 cell reinfusion significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness and histopathological airway and lung inflammation. Conclusions: We have identified a subset of Tregs, Tr35 cells, that are distinct from Tr1 cells. Tr35 cells can dynamically regulate the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by controlling IL-35 expression to regulate inflammatory immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xundong Wei
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
| | - Chang Guo
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yuan
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P.R. China
| | - Xuyu Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi Nanning, P.R. China
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Jonny, Sitepu EC, Nidom CA, Wirjopranoto S, Sudiana IK, Ansori ANM, Putranto TA. Ex Vivo-Generated Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells: Hope for a Definitive Therapy of Autoimmune Diseases. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4035-4048. [PMID: 38785517 PMCID: PMC11120615 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for autoimmune diseases are immunosuppressant agents, which have many debilitating side effects. However, dendritic cells (DCs) can induce antigen-specific tolerance. Tolerance restoration mediated by ex vivo-generated DCs can be a therapeutic approach. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the conceptual framework for developing ex vivo-generated DC strategies for autoimmune diseases. First, we will discuss the role of DCs in developing immune tolerance as a foundation for developing dendritic cell-based immunotherapy for autoimmune diseases. Then, we also discuss relevant findings from pre-clinical and clinical studies of ex vivo-generated DCs for therapy of autoimmune diseases. Finally, we discuss problems and challenges in dendritic cell therapy in autoimmune diseases. Throughout the article, we discuss autoimmune diseases, emphasizing SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny
- Indonesia Army Cellcure Center, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta 10410, Indonesia; (E.C.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University Prima Indonesia, Medan 20118, Indonesia
- Faculty of Military Medicine, Indonesia Defense University, Jakarta 16810, Indonesia
| | - Enda Cindylosa Sitepu
- Indonesia Army Cellcure Center, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta 10410, Indonesia; (E.C.S.)
| | - Chairul A. Nidom
- Professor Nidom Foundation, Surabaya 60236, Indonesia; (C.A.N.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Soetojo Wirjopranoto
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (S.W.); (I.K.S.)
| | - I. Ketut Sudiana
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (S.W.); (I.K.S.)
| | | | - Terawan Agus Putranto
- Indonesia Army Cellcure Center, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta 10410, Indonesia; (E.C.S.)
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Cai X, Gui RY, Wu J, Wang CC, Zhu XL, Fu HX, Zhang XH. Decreased Expression of IL-35 and Its Receptor Contributes to Impaired Megakaryopoiesis in the Pathogenesis of Immune Thrombocytopenia. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305798. [PMID: 38225757 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Recent findings have shown that the level of interleukin-35 (IL-35) is abnormal in several autoimmune diseases. Nonetheless, whether IL-35 participates in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) remains unclear. The current study investigates whether IL-35 modulates megakaryopoiesis. The results show that IL-35 receptors are progressively expressed on bone marrow megakaryocytes during the in vitro differentiation of CD34+ progenitors. IL-35 increases the number of megakaryocyte colony-forming units through the Akt pathway. The level of bone marrow IL-35 is reduced in ITP patients, and the decreased level of IL-35 may inhibit megakaryopoiesis. Then, the potential causes of decreased IL-35 in ITP patients are explored. The primary type of cell that secretes IL-35, known as IL-35-producing regulatory T cells (iTr35), is reduced in ITP patients. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from ITP patients exhibit an impaired capability of inducing iTr35 due to enhanced apoptosis, which may contribute to the reduced level of bone marrow IL-35 in ITP patients. Iguratimod promotes megakaryocyte development and differentiation by elevating the expression of IL-35 receptors on megakaryocytes. Iguratimod improves response rates and reduces bleeding symptoms in corticosteroid-resistant ITP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Cai
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ruo-Yun Gui
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Chen-Cong Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Zhu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Hai-Xia Fu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
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Starchenka S, Oluwayi K, Heath M, Armfield O, Shamji M, Layhadi J, Lis K, Cadavez L, Rusyn O, Skinner M, De Kam PJ. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptome profile in a clinical trial with subcutaneous, grass pollen allergoid immunotherapy. Clin Exp Allergy 2024; 54:130-142. [PMID: 38169056 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment in allergic airway diseases. Underlying immunological mechanisms and candidate biomarkers, which may be translated into predictive/surrogate measures of clinical efficacy, remain an active area of research. The aim of this study was to evaluate Pollinex Quattro (PQ) Grass AIT induced immunomodulatory mechanisms, based on transcriptome profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. METHODS 119 subjects with grass pollen induced seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) were randomized in a 2:2:1:1 ratio to receive a cumulative dose of PQ Grass as a conventional or extended pre-seasonal regimen, placebo, or placebo with MicroCrystalline Tyrosine. Gene expression analysis was an exploratory endpoint evaluated in a subgroup of 30 subjects randomly selected from the four treatment arms. Samples were collected at three time points: screening (baseline), before the start of the grass pollen season and at the end of the season. This study was funded by the manufacturer of PQ. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the most significant changes in gene expression, for both treatment regimens, were at the end of the grass pollen season, with the main Th1 candidate molecules (IL-12A, IFNγ) upregulated and Th2 signature cytokines downregulated (IL-4, IL-13, IL-9) (p < .05). Canonical pathways analysis demonstrated Th1, Th2, Th17 and IL-17 as the most significantly enriched pathways based on absolute value of activation z-score (IzI score ≥ 2, p < .05). Upstream regulator analysis showed pronounced inhibition of pro-inflammatory allergic molecules IgE, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-25 (IL-17E) (IzI score ≥ 2, FDR < 0.05) and activation of pro-tolerogenic molecules IL-12A, IL-27, IL-35 (EBI3) at the end of the grass pollen season. CONCLUSION Peripheral blood mononuclear cells transcriptome profile showed an inhibition of Th2, Th17 pro-inflammatory allergic responses and immune deviation towards Th1 responses. PQ Grass extended regimen exhibited a superior mechanistic efficacy profile in comparison with PQ conventional regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mohamed Shamji
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Janice Layhadi
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Yi P, Yu W, Xiong Y, Dong Y, Huang Q, Lin Y, Du Y, Hua F. IL-35: New Target for Immunotherapy Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:148-158. [PMID: 37988561 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 35(IL-35) is a newly discovered inhibitory cytokine of the IL12 family. More recently, IL-35 was found to be increased in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and peripheral blood of many patients with cancer, indicating that it plays an important role in the TME. Tumors secrete cytokines that recruit myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Treg) into the TME to promote malignant progression, which is a great challenge for cancer treatment. Radiotherapy causes serious adverse effects, and tumor resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors is still an unsolved challenge. Thus, new cancer therapy approaches are urgently needed. Numerous studies have shown that IL-35 can recruit immunosuppressive cells to enable tumor immune escape by promoting the conversion of immune cells into a tumor growth-promoting phenotype as well as facilitating tumor angiogenesis. IL-35-neutralizing antibodies were found to boost the chemotherapeutic effect of gemcitabine and considerably reduce the microvascular density of pancreatic cancer in mice. Therefore, targeting IL-35 in the TME provides a promising cancer treatment target. In addition, IL-35 may be used as an independent prognostic factor for some tumors in the near future. This review intends to reveal the interplay of IL-35 with immune cells in the TME, which may provide new options for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Fuzhou First People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yao Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanchang Central Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
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Li Y, Yao L, Lu J. IL-35 inhibits adipogenesis via PPARγ-Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by targeting Axin2. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110615. [PMID: 37429144 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-35, a member of the IL-12 family, functions as an immunosuppressive cytokine that plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune-related disorders and inflammatory diseases. Adipose tissue, which is now recognized as an immune organ, is regulated by immunocytes through various signaling pathways, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) pathway and the Wnt/β-actin pathway. However, there is limited research regarding the effects of IL-35 on adipogenesis. Our current findings indicated that IL-35 impedes the proliferation and promotes the cytotoxicity of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Furthermore, IL-35 inhibited the adipogenic differentiation, as well as suppressed triglyceride and lipid accumulation. Additionally, the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα, two key regulators of adipogenesis, were both down-regulated with IL-35 treatment. In order to explicate the mechanisms underlying the effects of IL-35, we conducted an investigation into the expression of Axin2, an intracellular inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells. Gene silencing of Axin2 through small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) enhanced PPARγ and C/EBPα expression while decreasing nuclear β-catenin levels in the presence of IL-35. Furthermore, in IL-35-treated cells, Axin2 knockdown boosted adipogenic differentiation (as measured by increased Oil Red O staining). These findings imply that IL-35 regulates Axin2 expression and thereby plays an important role in adipocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 San Hao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, PR China
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, PR China.
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Negi S, Tandel N, Sharma P, Kumar R, Tyagi RK. Aceclofenac and methotrexate combination therapy could influence Th1/Th17 axis to modulate rheumatoid-arthritis-induced inflammation. Drug Discov Today 2023:103671. [PMID: 37330038 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory, autoimmune and connective-tissue arthropathy. The methotrexate (MTX) and aceclofenac (ACL) combination drug regimen is known to regulate the immunological pathways. Also, RA-elicited inflammation is decreased by the combination drug treatment. ACL and MTX combination treatment has been shown to regulate the signaling pathway controlled by NF-κB and FOXO1. The present manuscript reviews the importance of the combination drug regimen to treat and/or manage RA. The combination drug regimen could affect the Th1/Th17 axis to switch the balance toward the immunoregulatory (Th1) phenotype for establishing immune homeostasis. In conclusion, we propose the study of the immunological signaling pathways in experimental humanized RA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Negi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Nikunj Tandel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, SG highway, Ahmedabad-382481, India
| | - Prakriti Sharma
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Rajinder Kumar
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Rajeev K Tyagi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh-160036, India.
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Mahfooz NS, Merling MR, Claeys TA, Dowling JW, Forero A, Robinson RT. Human IL-35 Inhibits the Bioactivity of IL-12 and Its Interaction with IL-12Rβ2. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:431-441. [PMID: 37289499 PMCID: PMC10580122 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-35 is an immunosuppressive cytokine with roles in cancer, autoimmunity, and infectious disease. In the conventional model of IL-35 biology, the p35 and Ebi3 domains of this cytokine interact with IL-12Rβ2 and gp130, respectively, on the cell surface of regulatory T and regulatory B cells, triggering their suppression of Th cell activity. Here we use a human IL-12 bioactivity reporter cell line, protein binding assays, and primary human Th cells to demonstrate an additional mechanism by which IL-35 suppresses Th cell activity, wherein IL-35 directly inhibits the association of IL-12 with its surface receptor IL-12Rβ2 and downstream IL-12-dependent activities. IL-12 binding to the surface receptor IL-12Rβ1 was unaffected by IL-35. These data demonstrate that in addition to acting via regulatory T and regulatory B cells, human IL-35 can also directly suppress IL-12 bioactivity and its interaction with IL-12Rβ2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmus S. Mahfooz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Marlena R. Merling
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Tiffany A. Claeys
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jack W. Dowling
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Adriana Forero
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Richard T. Robinson
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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A Rahman NA, Balasubramaniam VRMT, Yap WB. Potential of Interleukin (IL)-12 Group as Antivirals: Severe Viral Disease Prevention and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087350. [PMID: 37108513 PMCID: PMC10138811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-12 family consists of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that are able to signal the activation of host antiviral immunity while preventing over-reactive immune reactions due to active virus replication and viral clearance. Amongst others, IL-12 and IL-23 are produced and released by innate immune cells such as monocytes and macrophages to signal the proliferation of T cells and release of effector cytokines, which subsequently activate host defence against virus infections. Interestingly, the dualities of IL-27 and -35 are evidently shown in the course of virus infections; they regulate the synthesis of cytokines and antiviral molecules, proliferation of T cells, and viral antigen presentation in order to maximize virus clearance by the host immune system. In terms of anti-inflammatory reactions, IL-27 signals the formation of regulatory T cells (Treg) which in turn secrete IL-35 to control the scale of inflammatory response that takes place during virus infections. Given the multitasking of the IL-12 family in regards to the elimination of virus infections, its potential in antiviral therapy is unequivocally important. Thus, this work aims to delve deeper into the antiviral actions of the IL-12 family and their applications in antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Azizah A Rahman
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Vinod R M T Balasubramaniam
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 46150, Malaysia
| | - Wei Boon Yap
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Wu T, Ren C, Dou X, Wu Y, Dong N, Zhang H, Yao Y. INTERLEUKIN-35 DOWNREGULATES THE IMMUNE RESPONSE OF EFFECTOR CD4 + T CELLS VIA RESTRICTING HIGH MOBILITY GROUP BOX-1 PROTEIN-DEPENDENT AUTOPHAGY IN SEPSIS. Shock 2023; 59:277-287. [PMID: 36731088 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Immunosuppression is critically involved in the development of sepsis and is closely associated with poor outcomes. The novel role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-35 in sepsis was examined. Methods: Sepsis was induced by in C57BL/6 mice cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The impacts of IL-35 on effector CD4 + T cells were investigated by examining cell proliferation and the Th1/Th2 ratio in the presence of recombinant IL-35 (rIL-35) or anti-IL-35 (EBI3). The regulatory effect of IL-35 on autophagy was evaluated by measuring autophagy markers and autophagic flux in CLP mice in vivo and in activated effector CD4 + T cells in vitro . Results: IL-35 levels were significantly increased in the serum and spleens of septic mice. rIL-35 administration after CLP further decreased proliferation and the Th1/Th2 ratio in effector CD4 + T cells and significantly shortened the survival time. Sepsis-induced autophagy activation was protective in effector CD4 + T cells and was blocked by rIL-35. The inhibitory effect of IL-35 on autophagy was observed in activated effector CD4 + T cells in vitro , and this effect was mediated by restricting high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) translocation. Conclusion: IL-35 is an immunosuppressive cytokine that impairs CD4 + T-cell proliferation and differentiation in sepsis, and the effect might be mediated by reducing HMGB1-dependent autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao Ren
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Dong
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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11
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Mideksa YG, Aschenbrenner I, Fux A, Kaylani D, Weiß CA, Nguyen TA, Bach NC, Lang K, Sieber SA, Feige MJ. A comprehensive set of ER protein disulfide isomerase family members supports the biogenesis of proinflammatory interleukin 12 family cytokines. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102677. [PMID: 36336075 PMCID: PMC9731863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines of the interleukin 12 (IL-12) family are assembled combinatorially from shared α and β subunits. A common theme is that human IL-12 family α subunits remain incompletely structured in isolation until they pair with a designate β subunit. Accordingly, chaperones need to support and control specific assembly processes. It remains incompletely understood, which chaperones are involved in IL-12 family biogenesis. Here, we site-specifically introduce photocrosslinking amino acids into the IL-12 and IL-23 α subunits (IL-12α and IL-23α) for stabilization of transient chaperone-client complexes for mass spectrometry. Our analysis reveals that a large set of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones interacts with IL-12α and IL-23α. Among these chaperones, we focus on protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family members and reveal IL-12 family subunits to be clients of several incompletely characterized PDIs. We find that different PDIs show selectivity for different cysteines in IL-12α and IL-23α. Despite this, PDI binding generally stabilizes unassembled IL-12α and IL-23α against degradation. In contrast, α:β assembly appears robust, and only multiple simultaneous PDI depletions reduce IL-12 secretion. Our comprehensive analysis of the IL-12/IL-23 chaperone machinery reveals a hitherto uncharacterized role for several PDIs in this process. This extends our understanding of how cells accomplish the task of specific protein assembly reactions for signaling processes. Furthermore, our findings show that cytokine secretion can be modulated by targeting specific endoplasmic reticulum chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan G. Mideksa
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Isabel Aschenbrenner
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Anja Fux
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Dinah Kaylani
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Caroline A.M. Weiß
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Tuan-Anh Nguyen
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Nina C. Bach
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Kathrin Lang
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan A. Sieber
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias J. Feige
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany,For correspondence: Matthias J. Feige
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12
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Feng J, Wu Y. Interleukin-35 ameliorates cardiovascular disease by suppressing inflammatory responses and regulating immune homeostasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108938. [PMID: 35759811 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The immune response is of great significance in the initiation and progression of a diversity of cardiovascular diseases involving pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), a cytokine of the interleukin-12 family, is a novel anti-inflammation and immunosuppressive cytokine, maintaining inflammatory suppression and regulating immune homeostasis. The role of IL-35 in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has aroused enthusiastic attention, a diversity of experimental or clinical evidence has indicated that IL-35 potentially has a pivot role in protecting against cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis and myocarditis. In this review, we initiate an overview of the relationship between Interleukin-35 and cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, abdominal aortic aneurysm, heart failure, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, aortic dissection and myocarditis. Although the specific molecular mechanisms entailing the protective effects of IL-35 remain an unsolved issue, targeted therapies with IL-35 might provide a promising and effective solution to prevent and cure cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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13
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Xie Y, Zhang H, Huang J, Zhang Q. Interleukin-35 in autoimmune dermatoses: Current concepts. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:589-600. [PMID: 35434379 PMCID: PMC8941186 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a lately observed cytokine and is part of the IL-12 cytokine family. IL-35 includes two subunits, p35 and Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3, and activates subsequent signaling pathways by binding to receptors to mediate signal transduction, thereby modulating the immunoregulatory functions of T cells, B cells, macrophages, and other immune cell types. Although there is currently limited research on the roles of IL-35 in human autoimmunity, many studies have demonstrated that IL-35 may mediate immunosuppression. Therefore, it plays an essential role in some autoimmune dermatoses, including systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, and dermatomyositis. We will introduce the structure and biological characteristics of IL-35 and summarize its effects on the occurrence and development of autoimmune dermatoses in this article. It is suggested that IL-35 is a possible target for therapy in the aforementioned diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Xie
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
| | - Junke Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics , #139 Renmin Middle Rd , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
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14
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Ashour RH, Hazem NM, AbdElfattah AA, El-Kady RA, Elmasry A. Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium augments the therapeutic effect of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid in DSS colitis model; the role of IL-35 expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108620. [PMID: 35247859 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) primarily affects the mucosa of the distal colon. Dysregulated immune response in genetically-prone persons is claimed to be responsible for chronic intestinal inflammation. This study aimed to explore the efficacy and the hematological effects of pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. Forty C57BL/6 female mice were equally divided into five groups: control group, DSS-colitis group, DSS-colitis treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid, DSS-colitis treated with PPS, and DSS-colitis treated with both drugs. Disease activity index (DAI) and colon length were calculated. Colonic IL-6 and IL-35 levels were assayed by ELISA. IL-35 gene expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Colon tissue samples were examined by H&E stain and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of Ki67. The colitis group subjected to combined treatment showed the best outcome with significant improvement of DAI and increased colon length. Colonic IL-6 was significantly lower in both PPS- and combination-treated groups accompanied by a significantly higher IL-35 level and its EBI3 subunit mRNA expression. However, the PPS-treated colitis group showed higher gene expression of IL-35 EBI3 subunit by 1.5-fold compared with the combined group. The colon mucosa and crypts were significantly preserved in mice treated with both drugs with the best Ki67 positive cell density. PPS is a safe and promising drug in the treatment of UC as it exerted the best positive effect on the anti-inflammatory IL-35 level and gene expression. However, superior improvement of DAI was seen when PPS was added to ASA with a greater mucosal proliferation and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab H Ashour
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Al-Qunfudah Medical College, Umm Al-Qura University, KSA
| | - Noha M Hazem
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.; Medical Experimental Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Pathological Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Amany A AbdElfattah
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Rania A El-Kady
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.; Department of Pathological Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Ahlam Elmasry
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt..
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15
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Su X, Zhang M, Qi H, Gao Y, Yang Y, Yun H, Zhang Q, Yang X, Zhang Y, He J, Fan Y, Wang Y, Guo P, Zhang C, Yang R. Gut microbiota-derived metabolite 3-idoleacetic acid together with LPS induces IL-35 + B cell generation. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:13. [PMID: 35074011 PMCID: PMC8785567 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-35-producing Bregs and Treg cells critically regulate chronic illnesses worldwide via mechanisms related to disrupting the gut microbiota composition. However, whether the gut microbiota regulates these IL-35+ cells remains elusive. We herein investigated the regulatory effects of the gut microbiota on IL-35+ cells by using genetically modified mouse models of obesity. RESULTS We first found that gut Reg4 promoted resistance to high-fat diet-induced obesity. Using 16S rRNA sequencing combined with LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry)/MS, we demonstrated that gut Reg4 associated with bacteria such as Lactobacillus promoted the generation of IL-35+ B cells through 3-idoleacetic acid (IAA) in the presence of LPS. HuREG4IECtg mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited marked IL-35+ cell accumulation in not only their adipose tissues but also their colons, whereas decreased IL-35+ cell accumulation was observed in the adipose and colon tissues of Reg4 knockout (KO) mice. We also found that Reg4 mediated HFD-induced obesity resistance via IL-35. Lower levels of IAA were also detected in the peripheral blood of individuals with obesity compared with nonobese subjects. Mechanistically, IAA together with LPS mediated IL-35+ B cells through PXR and TLR4. KO of PXR or TLR4 impaired the generation of IL-35+ B cells. CONCLUSION Together, IAA and LPS induce the generation of IL-35+ B cells through PXR and TLR4. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Su
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Minying Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Houbao Qi
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunhuan Gao
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yazheng Yang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Huan Yun
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qianjing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiangshan He
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yaqi Fan
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuxue Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Pei Guo
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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16
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Li LM, Zhang LJ, Zhu SY, Liu XJ, Yi M, Qi Y, Wang J, Zhang DQ, Yang L. Roles of IL-35-producing T and B cells in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive myasthenia gravis. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 95:75-80. [PMID: 34929655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 35 (IL-35) plays an anti-inflammatory in numerous autoimmune diseases. However, the potential roles of IL-35-producing T and B cells and serum IL-35 levels in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG) and its association with disease activity in patients with MG remain unclear. METHODS The percentages of IL-35-producing CD4 + CD25 + T cells and CD19 + B cells among peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined in 37 patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody-positive MG and 35 healthy controls (HCs) by performing a flow cytometry analysis. Serum IL-35 levels in participants were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further, the correlations between IL35 levels and disease activity were analysed. RESULTS The percentages of IL-35-producing CD4 + CD25 + T cells and CD19 + B cells were significantly lower in patients with anti-AChR antibody-positive MG than in HCs (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Furthermore, patients with thymoma and patients with generalized MG had lower percentages of IL-35-producing CD4 + CD25 + T cells and CD19 + B cells than those without thymoma and those with ocular MG (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003; p = 0.008 and p = 0.001, respectively). Interestingly, the suppression of IL-35 secretion correlated negatively with the activities of daily living scores of patients with MG (r = -0.4774, p = 0.0028) and the quantitative MG scores (r = -0.4656, p = 0.0037). The proportions of IL-35-producing T cells and B cells and serum levels of IL-35 increased after treatment. CONCLUSIONS IL-35 may represent a potential biomarker for the clinical evaluation of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Li
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Si-Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Liu
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Da-Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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17
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Ye C, Yano H, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA. Interleukin-35: Structure, Function and Its Impact on Immune-Related Diseases. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 41:391-406. [PMID: 34788131 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses is maintained through immunoregulatory cell populations and immunosuppressive cytokines. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), an inhibitory cytokine that belongs to the IL-12 family, is capable of potently suppressing T cell proliferation and inducing IL-35-producing induced regulatory T cells (iTr35) to limit inflammatory responses. Over the past decade, a growing number of studies have indicated that IL-35 plays an important role in controlling immune-related disorders, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the biology of IL-35 and its contribution in different diseases, and we discuss the potential of and barriers to harnessing IL-35 as a clinical biomarker or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ye
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hiroshi Yano
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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18
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Li M, Liu Y, Fu Y, Gong R, Xia H, Huang X, Wu Y. Interleukin-35 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial cell activation by downregulating inflammation and apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112784. [PMID: 34508746 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential factor contributing to sepsis-induced endothelial cell (EC) activation. Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is an anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive cytokine that exerts protective effects on many inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL-35 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced EC activation and the potential underlying mechanism. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 24 h and then cocultured with different concentrations (0, 1, 10, or 100 ng/ml) of recombinant human IL-35 (rhIL-35) for 12 h. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that IL-35 inhibited LPS-induced HUVEC apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses showed significantly higher mRNA and protein levels of the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and the inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-8 in the LPS group than in the control group. These changes were alleviated by IL-35 treatment, suggesting that IL-35 protects ECs by downregulating inflammation. Furthermore, IL-35 induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and STAT4 activation and promoted their interaction. Blocking STAT1 or STAT4 expression by fludarabine (STAT1 inhibitor) treatment or siRNA-STAT4-interfering fragment transfection inhibited the protective effect of IL-35 on ECs. Moreover, we observed a similar protective effect of IL-35 treatment on ECs in a mouse sepsis model induced by intraperitoneal LPS injection. This study indicated that IL-35 exerts anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects on LPS-induced EC activation by activating the STAT1 and STAT4 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Ren Gong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Huasong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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19
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Gerber AN, Abdi K, Singh NJ. The subunits of IL-12, originating from two distinct cells, can functionally synergize to protect against pathogen dissemination in vivo. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109816. [PMID: 34644571 PMCID: PMC8569637 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are typically single gene products, except for the heterodimeric interleukin (IL)-12 family. The two subunits (IL-12p40 and IL-12p35) of the prototype IL-12 are known to be simultaneously co-expressed in activated myeloid cells, which secrete the fully active heterodimer to promote interferon (IFN)γ production in innate and adaptive cells. We find that chimeric mice containing mixtures of cells that can only express either IL-12p40 or IL-12p35, but not both together, generate functional IL-12. This alternate two-cell pathway requires IL-12p40 from hematopoietic cells to extracellularly associate with IL-12p35 from radiation-resistant cells. The two-cell mechanism is sufficient to propel local T cell differentiation in sites distal to the initial infection and helps control systemic dissemination of a pathogen, although not parasite burden, at the site of infection. Broadly, this suggests that early secretion of IL-12p40 monomers by sentinel cells at the infection site may help prepare distal host tissues for potential pathogen arrival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Gerber
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF1, Room 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Kaveh Abdi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Nevil J Singh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF1, Room 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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20
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Tolerogenic Dendritic Cell-Based Approaches in Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168415. [PMID: 34445143 PMCID: PMC8395087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) dictate the outcomes of tissue-specific immune responses. In the context of autoimmune diseases, DCs instruct T cells to respond to antigens (Ags), including self-Ags, leading to organ damage, or to becoming regulatory T cells (Tregs) promoting and perpetuating immune tolerance. DCs can acquire tolerogenic properties in vitro and in vivo in response to several stimuli, a feature that opens the possibility to generate or to target DCs to restore tolerance in autoimmune settings. We present an overview of the different subsets of human DCs and of the regulatory mechanisms associated with tolerogenic (tol)DC functions. We review the role of DCs in the induction of tissue-specific autoimmunity and the current approaches exploiting tolDC-based therapies or targeting DCs in vivo for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Finally, we discuss limitations and propose future investigations for improving the knowledge on tolDCs for future clinical assessment to revert and prevent autoimmunity. The continuous expansion of tolDC research areas will lead to improving the understanding of the role that DCs play in the development and treatment of autoimmunity.
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21
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Jiang H, Cui B, Zhang J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antigen-induced upregulation of interleukin-35 expression in patients with MTB infection: In vitro blockade of the effects of interleukin-35 on T lymphocyte subsets. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:6318859. [PMID: 34245560 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive interleukin-35 (IL-35) serum concentrations were analyzed in patients with active pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infections (PTB), PTB patients after two months treatment (stable PTB) and healthy controls. IL-35 concentrations were highest in active PTB followed by stable PTB cases and lowest in healthy control participants (all P < 0.01). The same trents were found for supernatants of isolated blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), with additional enhancements after MTB antigen stimulation only for PBMCs of active and stable PTB patients (P < 0.001), for EBI3 and IL-12a transcriptions in PBMCs (P < 0.001) and percentages of EBI3 expressing (CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3+) regulatory T cells (Treg) (P < 0.001). IL-35 antibody applications significantly reversed MTB antigen stimulated IL-35 and IL-10 expression in PBMCs of active and stable PTB patients, and reduced Foxp3 expression in CD4 + CD25 + cells and EBI3 expression in Treg cells, but had no effects on healthy control cells. The percentages of Th1 and Th17 cells in CD4 + cells were enhanced after MTB antigen stimulation of cells taken from active and stable PTB patients, which were partly increased only for Th1 cells after IL-35 antibody exposure. MTB antigen-driven upregulation of IL-35 may lead to reduced immune surveillance in PTB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Beinian Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai DeltaHealth Hospital. No. 109 Xule Road, Xujing Town, Qingpu District, Shanghai 201702, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai DeltaHealth Hospital. No. 109 Xule Road, Xujing Town, Qingpu District, Shanghai 201702, China
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22
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Zhao Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Xu Y. A myriad of roles of dendritic cells in atherosclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 206:12-27. [PMID: 34109619 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease with break-down of homeostatic immune regulation of vascular tissues. As a critical initiator of host immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) have also been identified in the aorta of healthy individuals and atherosclerotic patients, whose roles in regulating arterial inflammation aroused great interest. Accumulating evidence has now pointed to the fundamental roles for DCs in every developmental stage of atherosclerosis due to their myriad of functions in immunity and tolerance induction, ranging from lipid uptake, efferocytosis and antigen presentation to pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine or chemokine secretion. In this study we provide a timely summary of the published works in this field, and comprehensively discuss both the direct and indirect roles of DCs in atherogenesis. Understanding the pathogenic roles of DCs during the development of atherosclerosis in vascular tissues would certainly help to open therapeutic avenue to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yuekang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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23
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Mohd Shukri ND, Farah Izati A, Wan Ghazali WS, Che Hussin CM, Wong KK. CD3 +CD4 +gp130 + T Cells Are Associated With Worse Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:675250. [PMID: 34149710 PMCID: PMC8213373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.675250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptors for IL-35, IL-12Rβ2 and gp130, have been implicated in the inflammatory pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we set out to investigate the serum IL-35 levels and the surface levels of IL-12Rβ2 and gp130 in CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD4─ and CD3─CD4─ lymphocyte subpopulations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients (n=50) versus healthy controls (n=50). The potential T cell subsets associated with gp130 transcript (i.e. IL6ST) expression in CD4+ T cells of SLE patients was also examined in publicly-available gene expression profiling (GEP) datasets. Here, we report that serum IL-35 levels were significantly higher in SLE patients than healthy controls (p=0.038) but it was not associated with SLEDAI-2K scores. The proportions of IL-12Rβ2+ and gp130+ cells in SLE patients did not differ significantly with those of healthy controls in all lymphocyte subpopulations investigated. Essentially, higher SLEDAI-2K scores were positively correlated with increased proportion of gp130+ cells, but not IL-12Rβ2+ cells, on CD3+CD4+ T cells (r=0.425, p=0.002, q=0.016). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of a GEP dataset of CD4+ T cells isolated from SLE patients (n=8; GSE4588) showed that IL6ST expression was positively associated with genes upregulated in CD4+ T cells vs myeloid or B cells (q<0.001). In an independent GEP dataset of CD4+ T cells isolated from SLE patients (n=9; GSE1057), IL6ST expression was induced upon anti-CD3 stimulation, and that Treg, TCM and CCR7+ T cells gene sets were significantly enriched (q<0.05) by genes highly correlated with IL6ST expression (n=92 genes; r>0.75 with IL6ST expression) upon anti-CD3 stimulation in these SLE patients. In conclusion, gp130 signaling in CD3+CD4+ T cell subsets may contribute to increased disease activity in SLE patients, and it represents a promising therapeutic target for inhibition in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Diyana Mohd Shukri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Aziz Farah Izati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Wan Syamimee Wan Ghazali
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Che Maraina Che Hussin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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24
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Liu K, Huang A, Nie J, Tan J, Xing S, Qu Y, Jiang K. IL-35 Regulates the Function of Immune Cells in Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683332. [PMID: 34093586 PMCID: PMC8176033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) and IL-12p35 that has recently been shown to play diverse and important roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Owing to its immunosuppressive activity and ability to promote tumor growth and progression, IL-35 is widely recognized as a key mediator of TME status. Immune cells are key mediators of diverse tumor-related phenotypes, and immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-35 can promote tumor growth and metastasis in TME. These influences should be considered together. Since tumor immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockade remains ineffective in many patients due to tumoral resistance, a new target or efficacy enhancing factor is urgently needed. Suppressing IL-35 production and activity has been demonstrated as an effective factor that inhibits tumor cells viability, and further investigation of this cytokine is warranted. However, the mechanistic basis for IL-35-mediated regulation of immune cells in the TME remains to be fully clarified. In the present review, we explore the roles of IL-35 in regulating immune cells within the TME. In addition, we highlight IL-35 as a specific immunological target and discuss its possible relevance in the context of immunotherapy. Lastly, we sought to summarize potential future research directions that may guide the advancement of current understanding regarding the role of this important cytokine as a regulator of oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ke Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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25
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Li X, Liu X, Wang W. IL-35: A Novel Immunomodulator in Hepatitis B Virus-Related Liver Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:614847. [PMID: 33777929 PMCID: PMC7990793 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.614847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a risk factor for liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the progression of HBV-related diseases. It has been well acknowledged that host immune response was closely related to the clinical outcomes of patients with HBV infection. As the factors closely related to the immunomodulatory process, cytokines are crucial in the cell-cell communication and the host responses to HBV infection. Recently, a newly discovered cytokine, designated as interleukin-35 (IL-35), has been proved to be essential for the progression of chronic HBV infection, the development of cirrhosis, the transformation of cirrhosis to HCC, and the metastasis of HCC. Specifically, it showed various biological activities such as inhibiting the HBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) proliferation and cytotoxicity, deactivating the immature effector T-cells (Teffs), as well as delaying the proliferation of dendritic cells. It regulated the immune responses by acting as a “brake” on the activation of Teffs, which subsequently played important roles in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases and malignancies. In this review, we focused on the most recent data on the relationship between IL-35 and chronic HBV infection, LC and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefen Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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26
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Mirlekar B, Pylayeva-Gupta Y. IL-12 Family Cytokines in Cancer and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E167. [PMID: 33418929 PMCID: PMC7825035 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-12 family cytokines are a group of unique heterodimeric cytokines that include IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, IL-35 and, most recently, IL-39. Recent studies have solidified the importance of IL-12 cytokines in shaping innate and adaptive immune responses in cancer and identified multipronged roles for distinct IL-12 family members, ranging from effector to regulatory immune functions. These cytokines could serve as promising candidates for the development of immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches. Overall, IL-12 can be considered an effector cytokine and has been found to engage anti-tumor immunity by activating the effector Th1 response, which is required for the activation of cytotoxic T and NK cells and tumor clearance. IL-23 and IL-27 play dual roles in tumor immunity, as they can both activate effector immune responses and promote tumor growth by favoring immune suppression. IL-35 is a potent regulatory cytokine and plays a largely pro-tumorigenic role by inhibiting effector T cells. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on IL-12 family cytokines in the control of tumor growth with an emphasis primarily on immune regulation. We underscore the clinical implications for the use of these cytokines either in the setting of monotherapy or in combination with other conventional therapies for the more effective treatment of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhalchandra Mirlekar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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27
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Michaud D, Steward CR, Mirlekar B, Pylayeva-Gupta Y. Regulatory B cells in cancer. Immunol Rev 2021; 299:74-92. [PMID: 33368346 PMCID: PMC7965344 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis proceeds through discrete steps where acquisition of genetic lesions and changes in the surrounding microenvironment combine to drive unrestricted neoplastic proliferation and metastasis. The ability of tumor-infiltrating immune cells to promote tumor growth via the provision of signals that enable tumor cell survival and proliferation as well as contribute to immune suppression is an active area of research. Recent efforts have provided us with mechanistic insights into how B cells can positively and negatively regulate immune responses. Negative regulation of immune responses in cancer can be mediated by regulatory B cells and is often a result of increased production of cytokines that can directly and indirectly affect anti-tumor immune function and cancer cell growth. Signals that lead to the expansion of regulatory B cells and the spectrum of their functional roles are not well understood and are the subject of active research by many groups. Here, we elaborate broadly on the history of regulatory B cells in cancer and summarize recent studies that have established genetic models for the study of regulatory B cell function and their potential for therapeutic intervention in the setting of solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Michaud
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Colleen R Steward
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bhalchandra Mirlekar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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28
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Zhao N, Liu X, Guo H, Zhao X, Qiu Y, Wang W. Interleukin-35: An emerging player in the progression of liver diseases. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101518. [PMID: 33387857 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-35(IL-35), a newly identified immunosuppressive cytokine, has recently been shown to play a significant role in the progression of various autoimmune diseases and malignant tumors. The liver is the largest organ in the body and is generally regarded as an important lymphoid organ by an increasing number of immunologists. A number of reports have demonstrated that IL-35 plays essential roles in maintaining the immune homeostasis of the liver microenvironment. This review summarizes the existing studies of IL-35 in liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, immune liver injury, liver cirrhosis and carcinoma. We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the vital roles of IL-35 in hepatic damage and explore new alternative therapeutic targets for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiangnan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yujie Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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29
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Treg-Cell-Derived IL-35-Coated Extracellular Vesicles Promote Infectious Tolerance. Cell Rep 2020; 30:1039-1051.e5. [PMID: 31995748 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is an immunosuppressive cytokine composed of Epstein-Barr-virus-induced protein 3 (Ebi3) and IL-12α chain (p35) subunits, yet the forms that IL-35 assume and its role in peripheral tolerance remain elusive. We induce CBA-specific, IL-35-producing T regulatory (Treg) cells in TregEbi3WT C57BL/6 reporter mice and identify IL-35 producers by expression of Ebi3TdTom gene reporter plus Ebi3 and p35 proteins. Curiously, both subunits of IL-35 are displayed on the surface of tolerogen-specific Foxp3+ and Foxp3neg (iTr35) T cells. Furthermore, IL-35 producers, although rare, secrete Ebi3 and p35 on extracellular vesicles (EVs) targeting a 25- to 100-fold higher number of T and B lymphocytes, causing them to acquire surface IL-35. This surface IL-35 is absent when EV production is inhibited or if Ebi3 is genetically deleted in Treg cells. The unique ability of EVs to coat bystander lymphocytes with IL-35, promoting exhaustion in, and secondary suppression by, non-Treg cells identifies a novel mechanism of infectious tolerance.
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30
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Zhu J, Wang Y, Li D, Zhang H, Guo Z, Yang X. Interleukin-35 promotes progression of prostate cancer and inhibits anti-tumour immunity. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:487. [PMID: 33041668 PMCID: PMC7541216 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-35 (IL-35) has been reported to play an important role in the progression of cancers. The role of IL-35 in prostate cancer (PCA) is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL-35 on PCA and its immunoregulatory effect on PCA. Methods The protein and mRNA expression of IL-35 in PCA cells was detected by western blot and RT-PCR. The invasion and migration of cells were detected using transwell and wound-healing assays. A CCK-8 assay was conducted to observe cell proliferation. In vivo, IL-35 plasma concentration was test by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The role of IL-35 in tumour cell proliferation and angiogenesis of mice was detected by immunohistochemical stains. The mouse survival and tumour volumes were calculated, and lung metastasis rate was detected by HE staining. The modulatory effects of IL-35 on myeloid-derived inhibitory cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells from PCA mice were investigated by immunohistochemical stains and flow cytometry. Results High levels of IL-35 significantly promoted the migration, invasion and cell proliferation of PCA cells in vitro. IL-35 was associated with tumour growth, metastasis and poor prognosis in PCA mice. Additionally, high levels of IL-35 significantly increased the proportions of MDSCs and Tregs and decreased the proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleen, blood and tumour microenvironment. The IL-35 neutralizing antibody played the opposite role. Conclusions IL-35 contributed to the progression of PCA through promoting cell proliferation and tumour angiogenesis. IL-35 might limit the anti-tumour immune response by upregulating the proportions of Tregs and MDSCs and by reducing the proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. IL-35 might serve as a novel therapeutic target for PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000 China
| | - Dai Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Laboratory of Neuro-Trauma and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300000 China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan Hu West Road, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Zhi Guo
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan Hu West Road, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Xueling Yang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan Hu West Road, Tianjin, 300060 China
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Ito T, Tanaka T, Nakamaru K, Tomiyama T, Yamaguchi T, Ando Y, Ikeura T, Fukui T, Uchida K, Nishio A, Okazaki K. Interleukin-35 promotes the differentiation of regulatory T cells and suppresses Th2 response in IgG4-related type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:789-799. [PMID: 32377945 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-020-01689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic inflammatory disease, which includes type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Interleukin-35 (IL-35) exhibits immunosuppressive effects in several autoimmune diseases. However, the expression of IL-35 had not been reported so far in type 1 AIP. We evaluated the association between IL-35 and several cytokines, which mediate the function of Tregs in type 1 AIP. METHODS Plasma was collected from patients with type 1 AIP, alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (ACP), and healthy controls (HC) and assayed for cytokine expression. Total mRNA separated from peripheral blood was isolated from naïve Tregs (nTregs) and effector Tregs (eTregs). EBI3 and IL-12p35 gene expressions were tested in these cells by quantitative PCR. In addition, expression of IL-35 subunits in the pancreatic tissues of patients with type 1 AIP and ACP was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS IL-35 was significantly elevated in type 1 AIP (n = 32) plasma compared with ACP (n = 16) and HC (n = 22), but IL-27 was not. We also detected many cells expressing both EBI3 and IL-12p35 in type 1 AIP tissues. Moreover, in peripheral blood lymphocyte, the percentage of nTregs and eTregs of CD4+ T cells in patients with type 1 AIP (n = 14) compared with HC (n = 15) was significantly decreased and increased, respectively. There were no significant differences of gene expression in patients with type 1 AIP and HC. CONCLUSIONS This study identified elevated expression of plasma IL-35 and tissue IL-35 subunits in patients with type 1 AIP. This might lead to inflammation suppression via activated eTregs. IL-35 might be associated with this anti-inflammatory role, especially against the Th2 response through several cytokines and the differentiation of Tregs in type 1 AIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ito
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Koh Nakamaru
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takashi Tomiyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yugo Ando
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ikeura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fukui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kazushige Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 185-1 Kohasu Okocho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Nishio
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Okazaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
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Cai S, Chandraker A. Cell Therapy in Solid Organ Transplantation. Curr Gene Ther 2020; 19:71-80. [PMID: 31161989 DOI: 10.2174/1566523219666190603103840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation is the only cure for end-stage organ failure. Current immunosuppressive drugs have two major limitations: 1) non antigen specificity, which increases the risk of cancer and infection diseases, and 2) chronic toxicity. Cell therapy appears to be an innovative and promising strategy to minimize the use of immunosuppression in transplantation and to improve long-term graft survival. Preclinical studies have shown efficacy and safety of using various suppressor cells, such as regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells. Recent clinical trials using cellbased therapies in solid organ transplantation also hold out the promise of improving efficacy. In this review, we will briefly go over the rejection process, current immunosuppressive drugs, and the potential therapeutic use of regulatory cells in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Cai
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Manthiram K, Preite S, Dedeoglu F, Demir S, Ozen S, Edwards KM, Lapidus S, Katz AE, Feder HM, Lawton M, Licameli GR, Wright PF, Le J, Barron KS, Ombrello AK, Barham B, Romeo T, Jones A, Srinivasalu H, Mudd PA, DeBiasi RL, Gül A, Marshall GS, Jones OY, Chandrasekharappa SC, Stepanovskiy Y, Ferguson PJ, Schwartzberg PL, Remmers EF, Kastner DL. Common genetic susceptibility loci link PFAPA syndrome, Behçet's disease, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14405-14411. [PMID: 32518111 PMCID: PMC7322016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is the most common periodic fever syndrome in children. The disease appears to cluster in families, but the pathogenesis is unknown. We queried two European-American cohorts and one Turkish cohort (total n = 231) of individuals with PFAPA for common variants previously associated with two other oropharyngeal ulcerative disorders, Behçet's disease and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. In a metaanalysis, we found that a variant upstream of IL12A (rs17753641) is strongly associated with PFAPA (OR 2.13, P = 6 × 10-9). We demonstrated that monocytes from individuals who are heterozygous or homozygous for this risk allele produce significantly higher levels of IL-12p70 upon IFN-γ and LPS stimulation than those from individuals without the risk allele. We also found that variants near STAT4, IL10, and CCR1-CCR3 were significant susceptibility loci for PFAPA, suggesting that the pathogenesis of PFAPA involves abnormal antigen-presenting cell function and T cell activity and polarization, thereby implicating both innate and adaptive immune responses at the oropharyngeal mucosa. Our results illustrate genetic similarities among recurrent aphthous stomatitis, PFAPA, and Behçet's disease, placing these disorders on a common spectrum, with recurrent aphthous stomatitis on the mild end, Behçet's disease on the severe end, and PFAPA intermediate. We propose naming these disorders Behçet's spectrum disorders to highlight their relationship. HLA alleles may be factors that influence phenotypes along this spectrum as we found new class I and II HLA associations for PFAPA distinct from Behçet's disease and recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Manthiram
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| | - Silvia Preite
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Fatma Dedeoglu
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Selcan Demir
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seza Ozen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kathryn M Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Sivia Lapidus
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, NJ 07601
| | - Alexander E Katz
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Henry M Feder
- Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT 06106
| | - Maranda Lawton
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Greg R Licameli
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Peter F Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Julie Le
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Karyl S Barron
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Amanda K Ombrello
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Beverly Barham
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tina Romeo
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Anne Jones
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Hemalatha Srinivasalu
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Pamela A Mudd
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Roberta L DeBiasi
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Ahmet Gül
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gary S Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Olcay Y Jones
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889
| | | | - Yuriy Stepanovskiy
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Immunology, Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, 04112 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Polly J Ferguson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Elaine F Remmers
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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IL-35 and IL-18 Serum Levels in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: The Relationship With Prognostic Factors. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2020; 42:281-286. [PMID: 31764513 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of cancer among children. In this study, we investigated the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-35 and IL-18 in children with ALL to compare with healthy subjects and find their relationship with prognostic factors and response to therapy. IL-35 and IL-18 serum concentrations in 40 children diagnosed with ALL and 35 age-matched and sex-matched healthy children were measured using ELISA. The association between cytokine levels and patients' clinical and laboratory data were determined. A significant difference was found in IL-35 serum levels between the patients (3.6±1.5 ng/mL) and controls (2.5±1.8 ng/mL) (P=0.007). No significant difference in IL-18 serum levels between these groups was observed. A positive correlation between IL-35 and IL-18 levels was detected (P=0.001). The authors found that patients with lower platelet count had higher IL-35 concentration (P=0.003). By considering a cut-off value of 6.21 ng/mL (mean±2SD of controls) for IL-35, it was found that white blood cell (WBC) count was higher in patients with IL-35 >6.21 ng/mL (P=0.016), and the majority of these patients had T-ALL (P=0.01). Although the mean overall survival in patients with IL-35 >6.21 ng/mL was shorter (937±381 d) than in those with IL-35 ≤6.21 ng/mL (1567±103 d), but the result was not significant (P=0.1, log-rank test). The IL-18 level was associated with a lower hemoglobin level (P=0.027). These data suggested a role for IL-35 in ALL development. The significant relation of IL-35 to white blood cells and platelet counts may imply a possible influence of IL-35 on ALL prognosis.
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35
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van Essen MF, Schlagwein N, van Gijlswijk-Janssen DJ, Anholts JDH, Eikmans M, Ruben JM, van Kooten C. Culture medium used during small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection determines the maturation status of dendritic cells. J Immunol Methods 2020; 479:112748. [PMID: 31958452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene silencing using small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNA) is a powerful method to interfere with gene expression, allowing for the functional exploration of specific genes. siRNA interference can be applied in both cell lines, as well as in primary, non-dividing cell types like dendritic cells. However, the efficacy in different cell types is variable and requires optimization. Here, we showed that the type of culture medium used during lipid-based siRNA-mediated transfection acts as a critical factor, affecting dendritic cell activation. Transfection of immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells in RPMI medium, but not in IMDM, showed increased transcript levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the expression of co-stimulatory molecules was enhanced, thereby increasing the T cell stimulatory capacity. Our data demonstrates that the choice of medium should be critically examined as one of the variables while optimizing cell transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke F van Essen
- Div. of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Nicole Schlagwein
- Div. of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle J van Gijlswijk-Janssen
- Div. of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline D H Anholts
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Eikmans
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jurjen M Ruben
- Div. of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Div. of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Li M, Qian L, Yu J, Zou Y. Interleukin-35 inhibits human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury induced by sera from pre-eclampsia patients by up-regulating S100A8 protein expression. Hypertens Pregnancy 2020; 39:126-138. [PMID: 32200685 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2020.1744000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The protective effects of interleukin(IL)-35 against injury to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by the serum of pre-eclampsia patients were analyzed.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 24 patients with pre-eclampsia (PE) and 24 normotensive pregnant women.Results: Compared to normotensive pregnant women, patients with pre-eclampsia had lower IL-35 levels (P < 0.05). In addition, our in vitro experiments, IL-35 inhibited the PE serum-induced apoptosis of HUVECs and the levels of reactive oxygen species in HUVECs.Conclusion: Decreases in the serum IL-35 level may play an important role in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in patients with pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binhai County People's Hospital, Bianhai, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Lei Qian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binhai County People's Hospital, Bianhai, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Jianxiu Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binhai County People's Hospital, Bianhai, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yingfen Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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Mirlekar B, Michaud D, Lee SJ, Kren NP, Harris C, Greene K, Goldman EC, Gupta GP, Fields RC, Hawkins WG, DeNardo DG, Rashid NU, Yeh JJ, McRee AJ, Vincent BG, Vignali DAA, Pylayeva-Gupta Y. B cell-Derived IL35 Drives STAT3-Dependent CD8 + T-cell Exclusion in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:292-308. [PMID: 32024640 PMCID: PMC7056532 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by a paucity of tumor-proximal CD8+ T cells and resistance to immunotherapeutic interventions. Cancer-associated mechanisms that elicit CD8+ T-cell exclusion and resistance to immunotherapy are not well-known. Here, using a Kras- and p53-driven model of PDA, we describe a mechanism of action for the protumorigenic cytokine IL35 through STAT3 activation in CD8+ T cells. Distinct from its action on CD4+ T cells, IL35 signaling in gp130+CD8+ T cells activated the transcription factor STAT3, which antagonized intratumoral infiltration and effector function of CD8+ T cells via suppression of CXCR3, CCR5, and IFNγ expression. Inhibition of STAT3 signaling in tumor-educated CD8+ T cells improved PDA growth control upon adoptive transfer to tumor-bearing mice. We showed that activation of STAT3 in CD8+ T cells was driven by B cell- but not regulatory T cell-specific production of IL35. We also demonstrated that B cell-specific deletion of IL35 facilitated CD8+ T-cell activation independently of effector or regulatory CD4+ T cells and was sufficient to phenocopy therapeutic anti-IL35 blockade in overcoming resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Finally, we identified a circulating IL35+ B-cell subset in patients with PDA and demonstrated that the presence of IL35+ cells predicted increased occurrence of phosphorylated (p)Stat3+CXCR3-CD8+ T cells in tumors and inversely correlated with a cytotoxic T-cell signature in patients. Together, these data identified B cell-mediated IL35/gp130/STAT3 signaling as an important direct link to CD8+ T-cell exclusion and immunotherapy resistance in PDA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Proliferation/physiology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/immunology
- Receptors, CXCR3/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR3/immunology
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/immunology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhalchandra Mirlekar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Daniel Michaud
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Samuel J Lee
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nancy P Kren
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Cameron Harris
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kevin Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Emily C Goldman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gaorav P Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ryan C Fields
- Department of Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and the Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William G Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and the Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David G DeNardo
- Department of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and the Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Naim U Rashid
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jen Jen Yeh
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Autumn J McRee
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin G Vincent
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Yazdani Z, Rafiei A, Golpour M, Zafari P, Moonesi M, Ghaffari S. IL‐35, a double‐edged sword in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2064-2076. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Yazdani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Alireza Rafiei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Monireh Golpour
- Students Research Committee Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Parisa Zafari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
- Students Research Committee Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Moonesi
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz Iran
| | - Sasan Ghaffari
- Student Scientific Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Cell‐Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Kourko O, Seaver K, Odoardi N, Basta S, Gee K. IL-27, IL-30, and IL-35: A Cytokine Triumvirate in Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:969. [PMID: 31681561 PMCID: PMC6797860 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the immune system in anti-tumor immunity cannot be overstated, as it holds the potential to promote tumor eradication or prevent tumor cell escape. Cytokines are critical to influencing the immune responses and interactions with non-immune cells. Recently, the IL-12 and IL-6 family of cytokines have accumulated newly defined members each with specific immune functions related to various cancers and tumorigenesis. There is a need to better understand how cytokines like IL-27, IL-30, and IL-35 interact with one another, and how a developing tumor can exploit these interactions to enhance immune suppression. Current cytokine-based immunotherapies are associated with cytotoxic side effects which limits the success of treatment. In addition to this toxicity, understanding the complex interactions between immune and cancer cells may be one of the greatest challenges to developing a successful immunotherapy. In this review, we bring forth IL-27, IL-30, and IL-35, “sister cytokines,” along with more recent additions to the IL-12 family, which serve distinct purposes despite sharing structural similarities. We highlight how these cytokines function in the tumor microenvironment by examining their direct effects on cancer cells as well their indirect actions via regulatory functions of immune cells that act to either instigate or inhibit tumor progression. Understanding the context dependent immunomodulatory outcomes of these sister cytokines, as well as their regulation within the tumor microenvironment, may shed light onto novel cancer therapeutic treatments or targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Kourko
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle Seaver
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Natalya Odoardi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sameh Basta
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Katrina Gee
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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40
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The molecular basis of chaperone-mediated interleukin 23 assembly control. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4121. [PMID: 31511508 PMCID: PMC6739322 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The functionality of most secreted proteins depends on their assembly into a defined quaternary structure. Despite this, it remains unclear how cells discriminate unassembled proteins en route to the native state from misfolded ones that need to be degraded. Here we show how chaperones can regulate and control assembly of heterodimeric proteins, using interleukin 23 (IL-23) as a model. We find that the IL-23 α-subunit remains partially unstructured until assembly with its β-subunit occurs and identify a major site of incomplete folding. Incomplete folding is recognized by different chaperones along the secretory pathway, realizing reliable assembly control by sequential checkpoints. Structural optimization of the chaperone recognition site allows it to bypass quality control checkpoints and provides a secretion-competent IL-23α subunit, which can still form functional heterodimeric IL-23. Thus, locally-restricted incomplete folding within single-domain proteins can be used to regulate and control their assembly. It is unclear how unassembled secretory pathway proteins are discriminated from misfolded ones. Here the authors combine biophysical and cellular experiments to study the folding of heterodimeric interleukin 23 and describe how ER chaperones recognize unassembled proteins and aid their assembly into protein complexes while preventing the premature degradation of unassembled units.
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41
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Jiang Y, Wang J, Li H, Xia L. IL-35 alleviates inflammation progression in a rat model of diabetic neuropathic pain via inhibition of JNK signaling. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2019; 16:19. [PMID: 31367192 PMCID: PMC6651949 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-019-0217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence has demonstrated that inflammation is involved in the occurrence and development of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). The anti-inflammatory property of interleukin (IL)-35 makes it a promising candidate to block the pain perception. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether IL-35 could attenuate DNP in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model and its potential mechanism. Methods The rat model of DNP was established by a single STZ injection followed by measurements of fasting blood glucose and insulin. Fourteen days after STZ injection, DNP rats were intrathecally injected with IL-35, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor or activator or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as vehicle control, respectively. The mechanical allodynia was assayed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of IL-35. In mechanism study, the serum and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines using ELISA and western blotting and the activation of JNK signaling were further evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Histopathologic changes were evaluated by Nissl staining. Apoptosis was examined using TUNEL staining. Results DNP rats exhibited increased fasting blood glucose and insulin levels and reduced insulin sensitivity index (ISI). Intrathecal injection of IL-35 reduced accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord of DNP rats. Furthermore, IL-35 displayed anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects via inhibition of JNK pathway. Conclusion IL-35 treatment mitigated DNP via downregulating JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghai Jiang
- Pain Department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Jing Wang
- Pain Department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Haiqin Li
- Pain Department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Lingjie Xia
- Pain Department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
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42
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Koda Y, Nakamoto N, Chu PS, Ugamura A, Mikami Y, Teratani T, Tsujikawa H, Shiba S, Taniki N, Sujino T, Miyamoto K, Suzuki T, Yamaguchi A, Morikawa R, Sato K, Sakamoto M, Yoshimoto T, Kanai T. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells protect against immune-mediated acute liver injury via IL-35. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3201-3213. [PMID: 31264967 DOI: 10.1172/jci125863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening condition, and liver transplantation is the only therapeutic option. Although immune dysregulation is central to its pathogenesis, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that the number of peripheral and hepatic plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) decrease during acute liver injury in both humans and mice. Selective depletion of pDCs in Siglechdtr/+ mice exacerbated concanavalin A-induced acute liver injury. In contrast, adoptively transferred BM-derived pDCs preferentially accumulated in the inflamed liver and protected against liver injury. This protective effect was independent of TLR7 and TLR9 signaling, since a similar effect occurred following transfer of MyD88-deficient pDCs. Alternatively, we found an unexpected immunosuppressive role of pDCs in an IL-35-dependent manner. Both Il12a and Ebi3, heterodimeric components of IL-35, were highly expressed in transferred pDCs and CD4+CD25+ Tregs. However, the protective effect of pDC transfer was completely lost in mice depleted of Tregs by anti-CD25 antibody. Moreover, pDCs derived from IL-35-deficient mice had less of a protective effect both in vivo and in vitro even in the presence of Tregs. These results highlight a unique aspect of pDCs in association with Tregs, serving as a guide for immunotherapeutic options in ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Koda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Po-Sung Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Ugamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teratani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanako Tsujikawa
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shiba
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Taniki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sujino
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Miyamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Morikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Sato
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
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Larousserie F, Kebe D, Huynh T, Audebourg A, Tamburini J, Terris B, Devergne O. Evidence for IL-35 Expression in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Impact on the Patient's Prognosis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:563. [PMID: 31316915 PMCID: PMC6611226 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-35 is an immunosuppressive cytokine of the IL-12 family consisting of two subunits, EBV-induced gene 3 (EBI3) and p35. It has been shown to play a pro-tumor role in murine tumor models, and in various types of human cancer such as colorectal, pancreatic, or liver carcinoma, its expression has been associated with a worse clinical outcome. Here, we show by analyzing gene expression data from public databases and by immunohistochemical studies that IL-35 is overexpressed by tumor cells in diffuse-large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) compared to another type of mature aggressive B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma. However, while high IL-35 expression was significantly associated with a worse overall survival in DLBCL patients treated with chemotherapy only (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, CHOP), no significant correlation between IL-35 expression levels and the patient outcome was observed in DLBCL patients treated with CHOP combined to rituximab (R-CHOP), the current conventional treatment. In addition, we found that an anti-IL-35 antibody, clone 15k8D10, used to assess IL-35 expression by immunohistochemistry in various human tissues including tumors does not recognize IL-35 heterodimer, nor its individual subunits EBI3 and p35, but cross-reacts with human IgG1, indicating that IL-35 expression in human cancers needs to be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Larousserie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre D'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), Paris, France.,Pathology Department, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Diakho Kebe
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Tony Huynh
- Hematology Department, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anne Audebourg
- Pathology Department, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Tamburini
- Hematology Department, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Terris
- Pathology Department, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Odile Devergne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre D'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), Paris, France
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44
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Li C, Deng H, Si C, Xiong H. Interleukin-35 in immune-related diseases: protection or destruction. Immunology 2019; 157:13-20. [PMID: 30681737 PMCID: PMC6459776 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a recently identified heterodimeric cytokine in the IL-12 family. It consists of an IL-12 subunit α chain (P35) and IL-27 subunit Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) β chain. Unlike the other IL-12 family members, it signals through four unconventional receptors: IL-12Rβ2-IL-27Rα, IL-12Rβ2-IL-12Rβ2, IL-12Rβ2-GP130, and GP130-GP130. Interleukin-35 signaling is mainly carried out through the signal transducer and activator of transcription family of proteins. It is secreted not only by regulatory T (Treg) cells, but also by CD8+ Treg cells, activated dendritic cells and regulatory B cells. It exhibits immunosuppressive functions distinct from those of other members of the IL-12 family; these are mediated primarily by the inhibition of T helper type 17 cell differentiation and promotion of Treg cell proliferation. Interleukin-35 plays a critical role in several immune-associated diseases, such as autoimmune diseases and viral and bacterial infections, as well as in tumors. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of IL-35, describe its role in immune-related disorders, and discuss the mechanisms by which it regulates the development and progression of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, collagen-induced arthritis, allergic airway disease, hepatitis, and tumors. The recent research on IL-35, combined with improved techniques of studying receptors and signal transduction pathways, allows for consideration of IL-35 as a novel immunotherapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular MedicineJining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
| | - Yunsheng Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular MedicineJining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
| | - Qingpeng Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical ResearchLiaocheng UniversityLiaochengChina
| | - Chunlei Li
- School of PharmacyLinyi UniversityLinyiShandongChina
| | - Hongxin Deng
- Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Chuanping Si
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular MedicineJining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Department of MedicineImmunology InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
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45
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Heim L, Kachler K, Siegmund R, Trufa DI, Mittler S, Geppert CI, Friedrich J, Rieker RJ, Sirbu H, Finotto S. Increased expression of the immunosuppressive interleukin-35 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:903-912. [PMID: 30956278 PMCID: PMC6734661 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The immunosuppressive role of the cytokine IL-35 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poorly understood. In this study, we analysed the localisation and regulation of IL-35 in the lung of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to further elucidate the immune-escape of cancer cells in perioperative course of disease. Methods Interleukin 35 (IL-35) was measured by ELISA in postoperative serum from 7 patients with NSCLC as well as 8 samples from healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry, FACS analysis, real-time PCR, as well as western blot from samples of the control (CTR), peri-tumoural (PT) and the tumoural (TU) region of the lung derived from patients with NSCLC and 10 controls were performed. Results Here we found elevated levels of IL-35 in the TU region as well as postoperative serum from patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Consistently, we found an increased expression of IL-35+Foxp-3+ cells, which associated with ARG1 mRNA expression and decreased TNFA in the TU region of the lung of patients with NSCLC as compared to their CTR region. Furthermore, in the CTR region of the lung of patients with NSCLC, CD68+ macrophages were induced and correlated with IL-35+ cells. Finally, IL-35 positively correlated with TTF-1+PD-L1+ cells in the TU region of NSCLC patients. Conclusions Induced IL-35+Foxp3+ cell numbers in the TU region of the lung of patients with NSCLC associated with ARG1 mRNA expression and with TTF-1+PD-L1+ cells. In the tumour-free CTR area, IL-35 correlated with CD68+ macrophages. Thus inhibitors to IL-35 would probably succeed in combination with antibodies against immune checkpoints like PD-L1 and PD-1 currently used against NSCLC because they would inhibit immunosuppressive macrophages and T regulatory cells while promoting T cell-mediated anti-tumoural immune responses in the microenvironment as well as the TU region of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Heim
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katerina Kachler
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raphaela Siegmund
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Denis I Trufa
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Mittler
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol-Immanuel Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juliane Friedrich
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf J Rieker
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Horia Sirbu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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46
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Abushouk A, Nasr A, Masuadi E, Allam G, Siddig EE, Fahal AH. The Role of Interleukin-1 cytokine family (IL-1β, IL-37) and interleukin-12 cytokine family (IL-12, IL-35) in eumycetoma infection pathogenesis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007098. [PMID: 30946748 PMCID: PMC6483278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease, endemic in many tropical and subtropical regions, characterised by massive deformity and disability and can be fatal if untreated early and appropriately. Interleukins (IL) -35 and IL-37 are newly discovered cytokines that play an important role in suppressing the immune system. However, the expression of these interleukins in patients with Madurella mycetomatis (M. mycetomatis) induced eumycetoma has not yet been explored. The aim of this study is to determine the levels of IL-1 family (IL-1β, IL-37) and IL-12 family (IL-12, IL-35) in a group of these patients and the association between these cytokines levels and the patients’ demographic characteristics. The present, case-control study was conducted at the Mycetoma Research Centre, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan and it included 140 individuals. They were divided into two groups; group I: healthy controls [n = 70; median age 25 years (range 12 to 70 years)]. Group II: mycetoma patients [n = 70 patients; median age 25 (range 13 to 70 years)]. Cytokines levels were measured in sera using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was a significant negative correlation between IL-1β and IL-12 levels and lesion size and disease duration, while IL-37 and IL-35 levels were significantly positively correlated with both lesion size and disease duration. The analysis of the risk factors of higher circulatory levels of IL-37 in patients of mycetoma showed a negative significant association with IL-1β cytokine, where a unit increment in IL-1β will decrease the levels of IL-37 by 35.28 pg/ml. The levels of IL-37 among the patients with a duration of mycetoma infection ≤ 1 year were significantly low by an average of 18.45 pg/ml compared to patients with a mycetoma infection’s duration of ≥ 5years (reference group). Furthermore, the risk factors of higher levels of IL-35 in mycetoma patients revealed a negative significant association with IL-12, as a unit increment in IL-12 decreases the levels of IL-35 by 8.99 pg/ml (p < 0.001). Levels of IL-35 among the patients with duration of mycetoma infection ≤ one year were significantly low on average by 41.82 pg/ml (p value = 0.002) compared to patients with a duration of mycetoma infection ≥ 5 years (reference group). In conclusion, this study indicates that both IL-35 and IL-37 are negatively associated with the levels of IL-1β and IL-12 in eumycetoma mycetoma infection; and high levels of IL-37 and IL-35 may have a negative impact on disease progression. Mycetoma is a progressive chronic granulomatous fungal or bacterial infection that may result in massive destruction of subcutaneous tissues, muscles and bones. Mycetoma is a neglected disease which is endemic in many tropical and subtropical areas. If the disease is not treated properly, eventually it ends up with amputation and adverse medical, health and socioeconomic effects on patients and the community. Previous data suggested a crucial role of adaptive immunity in host resistance to causative agents and in the disease progress. The recently identified IL-35 and IL-37 cytokines revealed an important role in immune suppression. Nevertheless, the expression of these interleukins in patients with mycetoma has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the present case-control study aimed to determine the levels of IL-1 family (IL-1β, IL-37) and IL-12 family (IL-12, IL-35) in these patients and the association between these cytokines levels and the patients’ demographic characteristics. The results of this study showed that, the levels of IL-37 and IL-35 were consistently positively correlated with different diameters of mycetoma lesions as well as its duration. However, the levels of IL-1β and IL-12 were consistently negatively correlated with different diameters of lesions and the duration of mycetoma infection. The analysis of the risk factors of higher circulatory levels of IL-37 in patients of mycetoma showed a negative significant association with IL-1β cytokine Furthermore, the risk factors of higher levels of IL-35 in patients of mycetoma revealed a negative significant association with IL-12. These findings uncover a possible the role of IL-35 and IL-37 in the pathogenesis of mycetoma, and may declare their potential value in treatment of mycetoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abushouk
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amre Nasr
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Masuadi
- Research Unit, Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine-Riyadh, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal Allam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Immunology Section, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed H. Fahal
- Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
- * E-mail: ,
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47
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Zhang XY, Cui ZW, Wu N, Lu XB, Lu LF, Chen DD, Geng H, Zhang YA. Investigating the potential immune role of IL-35 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:78-88. [PMID: 30590066 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a member of the IL-12 cytokine family and a heterodimeric protein formed by Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) and IL-12p35. Emerging evidence showed that IL-35 is a key player in the regulation of cellular communication, differentiation, and inflammation. To date, no studies on fish IL-35 have been documented. In this work, we first identify two splicing isoforms of EBI3, EBI3a and EBI3b, from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). EBI3a is composed of 299 amino acid residues and possesses an immunoglobulin-like (Ig-like) domain and a fibronectin type 3 (FN3) domain that is a conservative domain in vertebrate EBI3. However, the EBI3b is composed of 177 amino acid residues and only contains an Ig-like domain. The result of Co-immunoprecipitation suggests that only EBI3a can associate with IL-12p35 to form IL-35 in grass carp. Like the function of IL-35 in human and mouse, recombinant grass carp IL-35 protein could induce the expression of genes EBI3a, IL-12p35, and CD25-like and downregulate the expression of genes CD4-1, CD4-2, IL-17A/F1, and RORγ2. Taken together, these results indicate for the first time that a teleost IL-35 may also have the ability to induce regulatory T (Treg) cells, inhibit effector T (Teff) cell proliferation and restrict the differentiation and function of T helper 17 (Th17) cells in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Cui
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Long-Feng Lu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hui Geng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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48
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Singh K, Martinell M, Luo Z, Espes D, Stålhammar J, Sandler S, Carlsson PO. Cellular immunological changes in patients with LADA are a mixture of those seen in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 197:64-73. [PMID: 30843600 PMCID: PMC6591143 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently scarce knowledge of the immunological profile of patients with latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus in the adult (LADA) when compared with healthy controls (HC) and patients with classical type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The objective of this study was to investigate the cellular immunological profile of LADA patients and compare to HC and patients with T1D and T2D. All patients and age‐matched HC were recruited from Uppsala County. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from freshly collected blood to determine the proportions of immune cells by flow cytometry. Plasma concentrations of the cytokine interleukin (IL)‐35 were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proportion of CD11c+CD123– antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) was lower, while the proportions of CD11c+CD123+ APCs and IL‐35+ tolerogenic APCs were higher in LADA patients than in T1D patients. The proportion of CD3–CD56highCD16+ natural killer (NK) cells was higher in LADA patients than in both HC and T2D patients. The frequency of IL‐35+ regulatory T cells and plasma IL‐35 concentrations in LADA patients were similar to those in T1D and T2D patients, but lower than in HC. The proportion of regulatory B cells in LADA patients was higher than in healthy controls, T1D and T2D patients, and the frequency of IL‐35+ regulatory B cells was higher than in T1D patients. LADA presents a mixed cellular immunological pattern with features overlapping with both T1D and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Singh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Martinell
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Z Luo
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D Espes
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Stålhammar
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Sandler
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P-O Carlsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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49
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Peng M, Qiang L, Xu Y, Li C, Li T, Wang J. IL
‐35 ameliorates collagen‐induced arthritis by promoting
TNF
‐α‐induced apoptosis of synovial fibroblasts and stimulating M2 macrophages polarization. FEBS J 2019; 286:1972-1985. [PMID: 30834683 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine China
| | - Lei Qiang
- Southwest Jiaotong University College of Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Yan Xu
- Southwest Jiaotong University College of Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Cuidi Li
- Med‐X Research Institute School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China
| | - Tao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine China
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine China
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50
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Regulatory T Cells and Their Derived Cytokine, Interleukin-35, Reduce Pain in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Neurosci 2019; 39:2326-2346. [PMID: 30651334 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1815-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory problems such as neuropathic pain are common and debilitating symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the CNS. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical for maintaining immune homeostasis, but their role in MS-associated pain remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Treg cell ablation is sufficient to trigger experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and facial allodynia in immunized female mice. In EAE-induced female mice, adoptive transfer of Treg cells and spinal delivery of the Treg cell cytokine interleukin-35 (IL-35) significantly reduced facial stimulus-evoked pain and spontaneous pain independent of disease severity and increased myelination of the facial nociceptive pathway. The effects of intrathecal IL-35 therapy were Treg-cell dependent and associated with upregulated IL-10 expression in CNS-infiltrating lymphocytes and reduced monocyte infiltration in the trigeminal afferent pathway. We present evidence for a beneficial role of Treg cells and IL-35 in attenuating pain associated with EAE independently of motor symptoms by decreasing neuroinflammation and increasing myelination.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Pain is a highly prevalent symptom affecting the majority of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and dramatically affects overall health-related quality of life; however, this is a research area that has been largely ignored. Here, we identify for the first time a role for regulatory T (Treg) cells and interleukin-35 (IL-35) in suppressing facial allodynia and facial grimacing in animals with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We demonstrate that spinal delivery of Treg cells and IL-35 reduces pain associated with EAE by decreasing neuroinflammation and increasing myelination independently of motor symptoms. These findings increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying pain in EAE and suggest potential treatment strategies for pain relief in MS.
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