1
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Yadalam PK, Ramadoss R, Suresh R. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis of the Inflammatory Wnt Signaling Reveals Biomarkers Related to Bone Formation. Cureus 2024; 16:e63510. [PMID: 39081453 PMCID: PMC11288288 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Osteocytes regulate bone metabolism and balance through various mechanisms, including the Wnt (Wingless-related integration site signal transduction) signaling pathway. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) is a computational method to identify functionally related genes based on expression patterns, especially in the Wnt-beta-catenin and osteo-regenerative pathways. This study aims to analyze gene modules of the Wnt signaling pathway from WGCNA analysis. Methods The study used a microarray dataset from the GEO (GSE228306) to analyze differential gene expression in human primary monocytes. The study standardized datasets using Robust Multi-Array Average (RMA) expression measure and Integrated Differential Expression and Pathway (IDEP) analysis tool, building a co-expression network for group-specific component (GC) genes. Results The study uses WGCNA to identify co-expression modules with dysregulated mRNAs, revealing enrichment in Wnt-associated pathways and top hub-enriched genes like colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-23 subunit alpha (IL23A), suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19). Conclusion WGCNA analysis of the Wnt signaling pathway will involve functional annotation, network visualization, validation, integration with other omics data, and addressing method limitations for better understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Yadalam
- Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Ramya Ramadoss
- Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Ramya Suresh
- Oral Biology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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2
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Juma SN, Liao J, Huang Y, Vlashi R, Wang Q, Wu B, Wang D, Wu M, Chen G. Osteoarthritis versus psoriasis arthritis: Physiopathology, cellular signaling, and therapeutic strategies. Genes Dis 2024; 11:100986. [PMID: 38292181 PMCID: PMC10825447 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis and psoriasis arthritis are two degenerative forms of arthritis that share similar yet also different manifestations at the histological, cellular, and clinical levels. Rheumatologists have marked them as two entirely distinct arthropathies. Given recent discoveries in disease initiation and progression, potential mechanisms, cellular signaling pathways, and ongoing clinical therapeutics, there are now more opportunities for discovering osteoarthritis drugs. This review summarized the osteoarthritis and psoriasis arthritis signaling pathways, crosstalk between BMP, WNT, TGF-β, VEGF, TLR, and FGF signaling pathways, biomarkers, and anatomical pathologies. Through bench research, we demonstrated that regenerative medicine is a promising alternative for treating osteoarthritis by highlighting significant scientific discoveries on entheses, multiple signaling blockers, and novel molecules such as immunoglobulin new antigen receptors targeted for potential drug evaluation. Furthermore, we offered valuable therapeutic approaches with a multidisciplinary strategy to treat patients with osteoarthritis or psoriasis arthritis in the coming future in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Nassor Juma
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Junguang Liao
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Yuping Huang
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Rexhina Vlashi
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Qingwan Wang
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Bocong Wu
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Mengrui Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Guiqian Chen
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
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3
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Tavasolian F, Inman RD. Biology and therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles in axial spondyloarthritis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:413. [PMID: 37059822 PMCID: PMC10104809 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease that predominantly affects the joints of the spine, causes chronic pain, and, in advanced stages, may result in spinal fusion. Recent developments in understanding the immunomodulatory and tissue-differentiating properties of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy have raised the possibility of applying such treatment to AxSpA. The therapeutic effectiveness of MSCs has been shown in numerous studies spanning a range of diseases. Several studies have been conducted examining acellular therapy based on MSC secretome. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) generated by MSCs have been proven to reproduce the impact of MSCs on target cells. These EVs are associated with immunological regulation, tissue remodeling, and cellular homeostasis. EVs' biological effects rely on their cargo, with microRNAs (miRNAs) integrated into EVs playing a particularly important role in gene expression regulation. In this article, we will discuss the impact of MSCs and EVs generated by MSCs on target cells and how these may be used as unique treatment strategies for AxSpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Tavasolian
- Spondylitis Program, Division of Rheumatology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert D Inman
- Spondylitis Program, Division of Rheumatology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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4
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Gottlieb AB, McInnes IB, Rahman P, Kollmeier AP, Xu XL, Jiang Y, Sheng S, Shawi M, Chakravarty SD, Lavie F, Mease PJ. Low rates of radiographic progression associated with clinical efficacy following up to 2 years of treatment with guselkumab: results from a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of biologic-naïve patients with active psoriatic arthritis. RMD Open 2023; 9:rmdopen-2022-002789. [PMID: 36828643 PMCID: PMC9972414 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate relationship between radiographic progression and clinical outcomes in post hoc analyses of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) receiving up to 2 years of guselkumab therapy in the phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial, DISCOVER-2. METHODS Biologic-naïve adults with active PsA (≥5 swollen joints /≥5 tender joints ; C reactive protein ≥0.6 mg/dL) were randomised to guselkumab 100 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W); guselkumab 100 mg at week 0, week 4, then every 8 weeks (Q8W); or placebo→guselkumab 100 mg Q4W (week 24). Radiographs (hands/feet) at week 0, week 24, week 52 and week 100 were scored via PsA-modified van der Heijde-Sharp (vdH-S) methodology. In these post hoc analyses, mean changes in vdH-S scores were summarised according to achievement of American College of Rheumatology 20/50/70 response; low disease activity (LDA) defined by Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) ≤14 or Psoriatic ArthritiS Disease Activity Score (PASDAS) ≤3.2, or minimal/very low disease activity (MDA/VLDA); and normalised physical function (Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) ≤0.5). Response rates for achieving MDA/VLDA and each component were determined among patients with and without radiographic progression (change in total vdH-S score >0.5). No formal hypothesis testing was performed. RESULTS 664 of 739 treated patients in DISCOVER-2 continued study treatment at week 52 and were included in these analyses. Mean changes in vdH-S scores from weeks 0 to 100 among all patients in the Q4W and Q8W groups were 1.7 and 1.5, respectively. Among all guselkumab-randomised patients, those who achieved ACR20/50/70, DAPSA LDA, PASDAS LDA, MDA, VLDA and HAQ-DI ≤0.5 (normalised physical function) had smaller mean changes in vdH-S scores than did non-responders at week 52 (0.2-1.2 vs 1.7-4.1) and week 100 (0.3-1.2 vs 2.0-4.6). Relative to patients with radiographic progression, those without progression were more likely to achieve the MDA criteria related to swollen and tender joint counts, patient-reported pain and global assessment, and normalised physical function through week 100. CONCLUSION In these post hoc analyses, the achievement of low levels of disease activity, including MDA, was associated with diminished rates of radiographic progression observed in patients receiving up to 2 years of guselkumab. Radiographic non-progressors were more likely to achieve patient-reported MDA criteria of minimal pain and normalised physical function compared with radiographic non-responders. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03158285.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Gottlieb
- Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Iain B McInnes
- College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Proton Rahman
- Rheumatology, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Alexa P Kollmeier
- Immunology, Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Xie L Xu
- Immunology, Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yusang Jiang
- Cytel Inc on behalf of Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shihong Sheng
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - May Shawi
- Immunology Global Medical Affairs, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Horsham, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Soumya D Chakravarty
- Immunology, Janssen Scientific Affairs, Horsham, Pennsylvania, USA,Rheumatology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frederic Lavie
- Immunology Global Medical Affairs, Janssen Cilag Global Medical Affairs, Issy les Moulineaux, France
| | - Philip J Mease
- School of Medicine, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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5
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Sun Y, Cai D, Hu W, Fang T. Identifying hub genes and miRNAs in Crohn’s disease by bioinformatics analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:950136. [PMID: 36118873 PMCID: PMC9471261 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.950136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Crohn’s disease (CD) is a disease that manifests mainly as chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which is still not well understood in terms of its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to use bioinformatics analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs with diagnostic and therapeutic potential in CD. Materials and methods: Three CD datasets (GSE179285, GSE102133, GSE75214) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. DEGs between normal and CD tissues were identified using the GEO2R online tool. The Gene Ontology (GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were conducted using the clusterProfiler function in the R package. Protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis and visualization were performed with STRING and Cytoscape. Ten hub genes were identified using cytoHubba’s MCC algorithm and validated with datasets GSE6731 and GSE52746. Finally, the miRNA gene regulatory network was constructed by Cytoscape and NetworkAnalyst to predict potential microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with DEGs. Results: A total of 97 DEGs were identified, consisting of 88 downregulated genes and 9 upregulated genes. The enriched functions and pathways of the DEGs include immune system process, response to stress, response to cytokine and extracellular region. KEGG pathway analysis indicates that the genes were significantly enriched in Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, IL-17 signaling pathway, Rheumatoid arthritis and TNF signaling pathway. In combination with the results of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and CytoHubba, 10 hub genes including IL1B, CXCL8, CXCL10, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, ICAM1, IL1RN, TIMP1 and MMP3 were selected. Based on the DEG-miRNAs network construction, 5 miRNAs including hsa-mir-21-5p, hsa-mir-93-5p, hsa-mir-98-5p, hsa-mir-1-3p and hsa-mir-335-5p were identified as potential critical miRNAs. Conclusion: In conclusion, a total of 97 DEGs, 10 hub genes and 5 miRNAs that may be involved in the progression or occurrence of CD were identified in this study, which could be regarded as biomarkers of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Daxing Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weitao Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Taiyong Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Taiyong Fang,
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6
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Gupta UC, Gupta SC, Gupta SS. Clinical Overview of Arthritis with a Focus on Management Options and Preventive Lifestyle Measures for Its Control. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220204095629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
Arthritis is the spectrum of conditions that cause swelling and tenderness of one or more body joints with key symptoms of joint pain and stiffness. Its progression is closely tied to age. Although there are a number of arthritis types, such as, ankylosing, gout, joint infections, juvenile idiopathic, reactive and septic; the two most common types are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis causes the articulating smooth cartilage that covers the ends of bones, where they form a joint, to breakdown. Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which the immune system attacks joints, beginning with the cartilaginous lining of the joints. The latter is considered a systemic disease, i.e. affecting many parts of the body, but the respiratory system is involved in 10 to 20 % of all mortality. Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of disability globally. Several preventive measures to control arthritis have been suggested, such as the use of analgesics, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, moderate to vigorous physical activity and exercise, reducing sedentary hours, getting adequate sleep and maintaining a healthy body weight. Foods including, a Mediterranean diet rich in fruits and vegetables, fish oil, medicinal plants and microbiota are vital protective methods. The intake of vitamins such as A and C, minerals e.g., selenium and zinc; poly unsaturated and n-3 fatty acids is also a significant preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Chandra Gupta
- Emeritus Research Scientist, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4N6, Canada
| | - Subhas Chandra Gupta
- Chairman and Professor, The Department of Plastic Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, 92354, USA
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7
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Najm A, McInnes IB. IL-23 orchestrating immune cell activation in arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:iv4-iv15. [PMID: 34668017 PMCID: PMC8527242 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-23 is a cytokine member of the IL-12 superfamily. These heterodimeric cytokines offer broad immune regulatory activity with potential effector function in inflammatory arthritis. IL-23 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by dendritic cells and macrophages. It plays a key role in both innate and adaptive immunity. By promoting and maintaining T cell differentiation into Th17 T cells, IL-23 is a key player in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. Data from pre-clinical IL-23 knockout models show the major importance of IL-23 in development of arthritis. The induction and maintenance of type 17 cells, which secrete IL-17A and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributes to local synovial inflammation and skin inflammation in PsA, and perhaps in RA. Commensurate with this, therapeutic strategies targeting IL-23 have proven efficient in PsA in several studies, albeit not yet in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Najm
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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8
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Kusuda M, Haroon N, Nakamura A. Complexity of enthesitis and new bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis: current understanding of the immunopathology and therapeutic approaches. Mod Rheumatol 2021; 32:484-492. [PMID: 34918137 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing availability of treatments for spondyloarthritis (SpA) including tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitors, there is no established treatment that abates new bone formation (NBF) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a subset of SpA. Recent research on TNF has revealed the increased level of transmembrane TNF in the joint tissue of SpA patients compared to that of rheumatoid arthritis patients, which appears to facilitate TNF-driven osteo-proliferative changes in AS. In addition, there is considerable interest in the central role of IL-23/IL-17 axis in type 3 immunity and the therapeutic potential of blocking this axis to ameliorate enthesitis and NBF in AS. AS immunopathology involves a variety of immune cells, including both innate and adoptive immune cells, to orchestrate the immune response driving type 3 immunity. In response to external stimuli of inflammatory cytokines, local osteo-chondral progenitor cells activate intra-cellular anabolic molecules and signals involving hedgehog, bone morphogenetic proteins, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, and Wnt pathways to promote NBF in AS. Here, we provide an overview of the current immunopathology and future directions for the treatment of enthesitis and NBF associated with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kusuda
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nigil Haroon
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Spondylitis Program, Division of Rheumatology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Spondylitis Program, Division of Rheumatology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Razawy W, Alves CH, Koedam M, Asmawidjaja PS, Mus AMC, Oukka M, Leenen PJM, Visser JA, van der Eerden BCJ, Lubberts E. IL-23 receptor deficiency results in lower bone mass via indirect regulation of bone formation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10244. [PMID: 33986359 PMCID: PMC8119722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) signaling pathway has pleiotropic effects on the differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, since it can inhibit or stimulate these processes via different pathways. However, the potential role of this pathway in the regulation of bone homeostasis remains elusive. Therefore, we studied the role of IL-23R signaling in physiological bone remodeling using IL-23R deficient mice. Using µCT, we demonstrate that 7-week-old IL-23R−/− mice have similar bone mass as age matched littermate control mice. In contrast, 12-week-old IL-23R−/− mice have significantly lower trabecular and cortical bone mass, shorter femurs and more fragile bones. At the age of 26 weeks, there were no differences in trabecular bone mass and femur length, but most of cortical bone mass parameters remain significantly lower in IL-23R−/− mice. In vitro osteoclast differentiation and resorption capacity of 7- and 12-week-old IL-23R−/− mice are similar to WT. However, serum levels of the bone formation marker, PINP, are significantly lower in 12-week-old IL-23R−/− mice, but similar to WT at 7 and 26 weeks. Interestingly, Il23r gene expression was not detected in in vitro cultured osteoblasts, suggesting an indirect effect of IL-23R. In conclusion, IL-23R deficiency results in temporal and long-term changes in bone growth via regulation of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wida Razawy
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Celso H Alves
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research On Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marijke Koedam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick S Asmawidjaja
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana M C Mus
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed Oukka
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Pieter J M Leenen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram C J van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Lubberts
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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10
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Abstract
There is a growing interest in understanding tissue organization, homeostasis, and inflammation. However, despite an abundance of data, the organizing principles of tissue biology remain poorly defined. Here, we present a perspective on tissue organization based on the relationships between cell types and the functions that they perform. We provide a formal definition of tissue homeostasis as a collection of circuits that regulate specific variables within the tissue environment, and we describe how the functional organization of tissues allows for the maintenance of both tissue and systemic homeostasis. This leads to a natural definition of inflammation as a response to deviations from homeostasis that cannot be reversed by homeostatic mechanisms alone. We describe how inflammatory signals act on the same cellular functions involved in normal tissue organization and homeostasis in order to coordinate emergency responses to perturbations and ultimately return the system to a homeostatic state. Finally, we consider the hierarchy of homeostatic and inflammatory circuits and the implications for the development of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Meizlish
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Ruth A. Franklin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Current affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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11
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Schmitt H, Neurath MF, Atreya R. Role of the IL23/IL17 Pathway in Crohn's Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:622934. [PMID: 33859636 PMCID: PMC8042267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.622934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and represents one of the main entities of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). CD affects genetically susceptible patients that are influenced by environmental factors and the intestinal microbiome, which results in excessive activation of the mucosal immune system and aberrant cytokine responses. Various studies have implicated the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL17 and IL23 in the pathogenesis of CD. IL23 is a member of the IL12 family of cytokines and is able to enhance and affect the expansion of pathogenic T helper type 17 (Th17) cells through various mechanisms, including maintenance of Th17 signature genes, upregulation of effector genes or suppression of repressive factors. Moreover, IL17 and IL23 signaling is able to induce a cascade of pro-inflammatory molecules like TNF, IFNγ, IL22, lymphotoxin, IL1β and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here, IL17A and TNF are known to mediate signaling synergistically to drive expression of inflammatory genes. Recent advances in understanding the immunopathogenetic mechanisms underlying CD have led to the development of new biological therapies that selectively intervene and inhibit inflammatory processes caused by pro-inflammatory mediators like IL17 and IL23. Recently published data demonstrate that treatment with selective IL23 inhibitors lead to markedly high response rates in the cohort of CD patients that failed previous anti-TNF therapy. Macrophages are considered as a main source of IL23 in the intestine and are supposed to play a key role in the molecular crosstalk with T cell subsets and innate lymphoid cells in the gut. The following review focuses on mechanisms, pathways and specific therapies in Crohn's disease underlying the IL23/IL17 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Schmitt
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Chen M, Pang DD, Dai SM. Expression Profile of Osteoclasts Following the Stimulation With Interleukin-23 in Mice. Arch Rheumatol 2021; 35:533-544. [PMID: 33758810 PMCID: PMC7945700 DOI: 10.46497/archrheumatol.2020.7510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
This study aims to analyze the expression profile of osteoclasts (OCs) following the stimulation with interleukin 23 (IL-23) in mice, which would imply the underlying effects of IL-23 on the function of OCs in inflammatory arthritis. Materials and methods
Mature OCs were induced from bone marrow mononuclear cells of 5 male mice (age 6 weeks; weighing 18-20 g) in the presence of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (50 ng/mL) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (30 ng/mL) in vitro. The Agilent SurePrint G3 Mouse GE V2.0 Microarray was used to analyze the gene expression profile of OCs stimulated with IL-23 (30 ng/mL) or vehicle. The four major IL-23-modulated genes were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. Results
The expression levels of 23 genes were up-regulated and 32 genes were down-regulated by IL-23 stimulation (fold change ≥1.5 and p value <0.05). Among them, there were 37 genes with assigned gene symbols. Gene ontology analysis showed that the IL-23-regulated messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) were related to positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis, chemokine-mediated signaling pathway and C-X-C chemokine receptors binding. The pathway analysis showed that the IL-23-regulated mRNAs were related to chemokine signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. The significant up-regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 induced by IL-23 was confirmed by qPCR. In addition, there were 18 long non-coding RNAs that were regulated by IL-23, while their function needs to be confirmed in the future. Conclusion Expression levels of genes related to chemotaxis in OCs were up-regulated by IL-23 in mice, which imply that IL-23 may facilitate chemotaxis of OCs in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Dan Pang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Ming Dai
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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13
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Leng RX, Di DS, Ni J, Wu XX, Zhang LL, Wang XF, Liu RS, Huang Q, Fan YG, Pan HF, Wang B, Ye DQ. Identification of new susceptibility loci associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:1565-1571. [PMID: 32868391 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to discover novel susceptibility loci associated with risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS We performed a new genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Chinese subjects (1027 RA cases and 2879 controls) and further conducted an expanded meta-analysis with previous GWAS summary data and replication studies. The functional roles of the associated loci were interrogated using publicly available databases. Dual-luciferase reporter and cytokine assay were also used for exploring variant function. RESULTS We identified five new susceptibility loci (IL12RB2, BOLL-PLCL1, CCR2, TCF7 and IQGAP1; pmeta <5.00E-08) with same effect direction in each study cohort. The sensitivity analyses showed that the genetic association of at least three loci was reliable and robust. All these lead variants are expression quantitative trait loci and overlapped with epigenetic marks in immune cells. Furthermore, genes within the five loci are genetically associated with risk of other autoimmune diseases, and genes within four loci are known functional players in autoimmunity, which supports the validity of our findings. The reporter assay showed that the risk allele of rs8030390 in IQGAP1 have significantly increased reporter activity in HEK293T cells. In addition, the cytokine assay found that the risk allele of rs244672 in TCF7 was most significantly associated with increased plasma IL-17A levels in healthy controls. Finally, identified likely causal genes in these loci significantly interacted with RA drug targets. CONCLUSION This study identified novel RA risk loci and highlighted that comprehensive genetic study can provide important information for RA pathogenesis and drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Di
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lin-Lin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xu-Fan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rui-Shan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yin-Guang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China .,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
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14
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Kong IG, Kim D, Eun KM, Yang SK, Kim M, Oh H, Kim DW. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand is a biomarker for osteitis of chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 10:364-373. [DOI: 10.1002/alr.22481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Il Gyu Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryNational Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Dong‐Kyu Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryChuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Eun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryBoramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Seung Koo Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryBoramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryBoramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Heonjeong Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryBoramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryBoramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
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15
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Pang DD, Cai L, Zhang JR, Dai SM. IL-23 induces the expression of pro-osteogenic factors in
osteoclasts. AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1099-9028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background The mechanism for the new bone formation in ankylosing
spondylitis (AS) is still unclear. Although it has been demonstrated that
IL-23 plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of AS, IL-23 has no direct
effects on osteoblasts but modulates the function of osteoclasts.
Aims To explore whether IL-23 indirectly facilitates new bone
formation through osteoclasts in AS, here we analyzed whether IL-23 enhances
the expression levels of pro-osteogenic factors by osteoclasts.
Methods Mononuclear cells were harvested from mouse bone marrow and
cultured in the presence of M-CSF (50 ng/ml) and RANKL
(30 ng/ml) to trigger the production of osteoclasts. Protein
and mRNA expression levels of Semaphorin 4D, Ephrin B2, BMP2, BMP6, SPHK1,
HtrA1 and Wnt10b were measured using Western blot and qRT-PCR.
Results Primary mononuclear cells were transformed into osteoclasts
with RANKL and M-CSF. The increased expression of NFATc1 and TRAP together
with TRAP staining of>3 nuclei were used to identify mature
osteoclasts. The mRNA expression levels of BMP2, Ephrin B2 and SPHK1 were
enhanced by 1.46, 2.1 and 2.46 folds after exposure to IL-23. Confirmation
of increased levels of Ephrin B2 and SPHK1 in IL-23-stimulated osteoclasts
was provided by Western blot analysis. IL-23 had no effects on the
expression of BMP6 or Wnt10b, or on the anti-osteogenic factors Semaphorin
4D or HtrA1.
Conclusions IL-23 induces osteoclasts to express pro-osteogenic
factors rather than anti-osteogenic factors, suggesting IL-23 might
indirectly promote the differentiation of osteoblasts through activated
osteoclasts in ankylosing spondylitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Pang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Changhai Hospital,
Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai,
China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai,
China
| | - Jing-Ru Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Changhai Hospital,
Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, First Affiliated
Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Ming Dai
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai,
China
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16
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Nasonov EL, Beketova TV, Ananyeva LP, Vasilyev VI, Solovyev SK, Avdeeva AS. PROSPECTS FOR ANTI-B-CELL THERAPY IN IMMUNO-INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES. RHEUMATOLOGY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.14412/1995-4484-2019-3-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E L. Nasonov
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia
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17
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Razawy W, Asmawidjaja PS, Mus AM, Salioska N, Davelaar N, Kops N, Oukka M, Alves CH, Lubberts E. CD4 + CCR6 + T cells, but not γδ T cells, are important for the IL-23R-dependent progression of antigen-induced inflammatory arthritis in mice. Eur J Immunol 2019; 50:245-255. [PMID: 31778214 PMCID: PMC7028107 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IL‐23 plays an important role in the development of arthritis and the IL‐23 receptor (IL‐23R) is expressed on different types of T cells. However, it is not fully clear which IL‐23R+ T cells are critical in driving T cell‐mediated synovitis. We demonstrate, using knock‐in IL‐23R‐GFP reporter (IL‐23RGFP/+) mice, that CD4+CCR6+ T cells and γδ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, express the IL‐23R(GFP). During early arthritis, IL‐23R(GFP)+CD4+CCR6+ T cells, but not IL‐23R(GFP)+ γδ T cells, were present in the inflamed joints. IL‐23RGFP/+ mice were bred as homozygotes to obtain IL‐23RGFP/GFP (IL‐23R deficient/IL‐23R−/−) mice, which express GFP under the IL‐23R promotor. Arthritis progression and joint damage were significantly milder in IL‐23R−/− mice, which revealed less IL‐17A+ cells in their lymphoid tissues. Surprisingly, IL‐23R−/− mice had increased numbers of IL‐23R(GFP)+CD4+CCR6+ and CCR7+CD4+CCR6+ T cells in their spleen compared to WT, and IL‐23 suppressed CCR7 expression in vitro. However, IL‐23R(GFP)+CD4+CCR6+ T cells were present in the synovium of IL‐23R−/− mice at day 4. Finally, adoptive transfer experiments revealed that CD4+CCR6+ T cells and not γδ T cells drive arthritis progression. These data suggest that IL‐23R‐dependent T cell‐mediated synovitis is dependent on CD4+CCR6+ T cells and not on γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wida Razawy
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick S Asmawidjaja
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Mus
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nazike Salioska
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine Davelaar
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Kops
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed Oukka
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - C Henrique Alves
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Lubberts
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Nielsen MA, Lomholt S, Mellemkjaer A, Andersen MN, Buckley CD, Kragstrup TW. Responses to Cytokine Inhibitors Associated with Cellular Composition in Models of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Arthritis. ACR Open Rheumatol 2019; 2:3-10. [PMID: 31943973 PMCID: PMC6957916 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Immune‐mediated inflammatory arthritis (IMIA) is a heterogeneous group of diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and spondyloarthritis (SpA). Disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) target very different cellular components of the disease processes. Characterization of the pathobiological subtypes of IMIA could provide more specific treatment approaches for each disease. For example, RA has been proposed to consist of at least three synovial pathotypes (lymphoid, myeloid, and fibroid), and only a subgroup of RA patients have erosive disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various DMARDs on different synovial cell subsets using human ex vivo models of IMIA. Methods Synovial fluid and blood samples were obtained from a study population consisting of patients with RA, PsA, or peripheral SpA with at least one swollen joint (n = 18). The DMARDs used in this study were methotrexate, adalimumab, etanercept, tocilizumab, anakinra, ustekinumab, secukinumab, tofacitinib, and baricitinib. Paired synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and fibroblast‐like synovial cells (FLSs) were used in three different previously optimized ex vivo models. Results In SFMCs cultured for 48 hours, all DMARDs except anakinra decreased the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1. In SFMCs cultured for 21 days, only the two tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) inhibitors adalimumab and etanercept decreased the secretion of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). In the FLS and PBMC 48‐hour co‐cultures, only tocilizumab (P < 0.001) and the two Janus kinase inhibitors tofacitinib and baricitinib (both P < 0.05) decreased the production of MCP‐1 by around 50%. Conclusion TNFα inhibition was effective in preventing inflammatory osteoclastogenesis, whereas tocilizumab, tofacitinib, and baricitinib had superior efficacy in cultures dominated by FLSs. Taken together, this study reveals that responses to cytokine inhibitors associate with cellular composition in models of IMIA. In particular, this study provides new evidence on the differential effect of DMARDs on leukocytes compared with stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christopher D Buckley
- University of Oxford, Oxford, and University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tue W Kragstrup
- Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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19
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Manolova I, Ivanova M, Vasilev G, Stoilov R, Miteva L, Stanilova S. Impact of IL12B Polymorphisms on Genetic Susceptibility and IL-12p40 and IL-23 Serum Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Immunol Invest 2019; 49:1-14. [PMID: 31161840 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1622561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association of IL12B gene polymorphisms with serum levels of IL-12p40, IL-23 and genetic susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the Bulgarian population. Genotyping for IL12Bpro (rs17860508) and IL12B A/C - 3' UTR (rs3212227) polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods in 125 RA patients and 239 healthy controls. The IL-23 and IL-12p40 serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An association was established between the rs17860508 polymorphism and RA susceptibility in Bulgarian population with an increased frequency of rs17860508 minor allele-2 and homozygous genotype-22 in RA patients. The rs17860508 risk RA genotype-22 was also significantly correlated to elevated serum IL-23 in RA patients. Although, there was no association between the rs3212227 and genetic predisposition to RA, significantly increased serum levels of both Il-12p40 and IL-23 were observed in RA patients with the rs3212227 AA genotype. Furthermore, the distribution of haplotypes and genotype combination in our cohort indicated increased RA risk in individuals carrying the rs17860508/rs3212227 2/A haplotype or 2.2/AC+CC combination, while 1/A haplotype or 1.1/AA combination may be protective for RA. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a functional effect of IL12B polymorphisms on IL-12p40 and IL-23 cytokine levels in RA patients and suggests a leading role for IL12B rs17860508 in the genetic predisposition to RA, while IL12B rs3212227 significantly modify the RA risk in Bulgarian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Manolova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Mariana Ivanova
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital "St. Iv. Rilski", Medical Faculty, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Vasilev
- Laboratory of Clinical immunology, University Hospital "St. Iv. Rilski", Medical Faculty, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumen Stoilov
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital "St. Iv. Rilski", Medical Faculty, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyuba Miteva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Spaska Stanilova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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20
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Gravallese EM, Schett G. Effects of the IL-23–IL-17 pathway on bone in spondyloarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018; 14:631-640. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-018-0091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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p19-Targeting ILP Protein Blockers of IL-23/Th-17 Pro-Inflammatory Axis Displayed on Engineered Bacteria of Food Origin. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071933. [PMID: 29966384 PMCID: PMC6073689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-23-mediated Th-17 cell activation and stimulation of IL-17-driven pro-inflammatory axis has been associated with autoimmunity disorders such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) or Crohn’s Disease (CD). Recently we developed a unique class of IL-23-specific protein blockers, called ILP binding proteins that inhibit binding of IL-23 to its cognate cell-surface receptor (IL-23R) and exhibit immunosuppressive effect on human primary blood leukocytes ex vivo. In this study, we aimed to generate a recombinant Lactococcus lactis strain which could serve as in vivo producer/secretor of IL-23 protein blockers into the gut. To achieve this goal, we introduced ILP030, ILP317 and ILP323 cDNA sequences into expression plasmid vector containing USP45 secretion signal, FLAG sequence consensus and LysM-containing cA surface anchor (AcmA) ensuring cell-surface peptidoglycan anchoring. We demonstrate that all ILP variants are expressed in L. lactis cells, efficiently transported and secreted from the cell and displayed on the bacterial surface. The binding function of AcmA-immobilized ILP proteins is documented by interaction with a recombinant p19 protein, alpha subunit of human IL-23, which was assembled in the form of a fusion with Thioredoxin A. ILP317 variant exhibits the best binding to the human IL-23 cytokine, as demonstrated for particular L.lactis-ILP recombinant variants by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). We conclude that novel recombinant ILP-secreting L. lactis strains were developed that might be useful for further in vivo studies of IL-23-mediated inflammation on animal model of experimentally-induced colitis.
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