1
|
Spits H, Mjösberg J. Cytolytic too: Granzyme B-expressing human ILC2s mediate tumor rejection. Cell Res 2024; 34:403-404. [PMID: 38374214 PMCID: PMC11143249 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-00937-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hergen Spits
- Department of Experimental Immunology of Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Lung and Allergy Research Unit, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Medical unit for Lung and Allergy Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kühnel I, Vogler I, Spreu J, Bonig H, Döring C, Steinle A. The activating receptor NKp65 is selectively expressed by human ILC3 and demarcates ILC3 from mature NK cells. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250318. [PMID: 38072999 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Innate lymphocytes comprise cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells and tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILC) that are subgrouped according to their cytokine profiles into group 1 ILC (ILC1), ILC2, and ILC3. However, cell surface receptors unambiguously defining or specifically activating such ILC subsets are scarcely known. Here, we report on the physiologic expression of the human activating C-type lectin-like receptor (CTLR) NKp65, a high-affinity receptor for the CTLR keratinocyte-associated C-type lectin (KACL). Tracking rare NKp65 transcripts in human blood, we identify ILC3 to selectively express NKp65. NKp65 expression not only demarcates "bona fide" ILC3 from likewise RORγt-expressing ILC precursors and lymphoid tissue inducer cells but also from mature NK cells which acquire the NKp65-relative NKp80 during a Notch-dependent differentiation from NKp65+ precursor cells. Hence, ILC3 and NK cells mutually exclusively and interdependently express the genetically coupled sibling receptors NKp65 and NKp80. Much alike NKp80, NKp65 promotes cytotoxicity by innate lymphocytes which may become relevant during pathophysiological reprogramming of ILC3. Altogether, we report the selective expression of the activating immunoreceptor NKp65 by ILC3 demarcating ILC3 from mature NK cells and endowing ILC3 with a dedicated immunosensor for the epidermal immune barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Kühnel
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Isabel Vogler
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jessica Spreu
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Döring
- Dr. Senckenbergisches Institute of Pathology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinle
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fol M, Karpik W, Zablotni A, Kulesza J, Kulesza E, Godkowicz M, Druszczynska M. Innate Lymphoid Cells and Their Role in the Immune Response to Infections. Cells 2024; 13:335. [PMID: 38391948 PMCID: PMC10886880 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, a group of lymphocyte-like cells called innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has gained considerable attention due to their crucial role in regulating immunity and tissue homeostasis. ILCs, lacking antigen-specific receptors, are a group of functionally differentiated effector cells that act as tissue-resident sentinels against infections. Numerous studies have elucidated the characteristics of ILC subgroups, but the mechanisms controlling protective or pathological responses to pathogens still need to be better understood. This review summarizes the functions of ILCs in the immunology of infections caused by different intracellular and extracellular pathogens and discusses their possible therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Fol
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Wojciech Karpik
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Zablotni
- Department of Bacterial Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jakub Kulesza
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-347 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Kulesza
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Godkowicz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
- Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Druszczynska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Teunissen MBM, Pilgaard Møller LB, Løvendorf MB, Skov L, Bonefeld CM, Bekkenk MW, Clark RA, Mann M, Dyring-Andersen B. In-Depth Proteomic Map of Innate Lymphoid Cells from Healthy Human Skin and Blood. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:316-330.e3. [PMID: 37544588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are essential players in the skin-associated immune system, nevertheless little is known about their proteomes and proteomic diversity. In this study, we describe about 6,600 proteins constitutively expressed by ILC2s and ILC3s from healthy human skin and blood using state-of-the-art proteomics. Although the vast majority of proteins was expressed by both ILC subsets and in both compartments, the skin ILC2s and ILC3s were more distinct than their counterparts in blood. Only skin ILC3s expressed uniquely detected proteins. Our in-depth proteomic dataset allowed us to define the cluster of differentiation marker profiles of the ILC subsets, explore distribution and abundance of proteins known to have immunological functions, as well as identify subset-specific proteins that have not previously been implicated in ILC biology. Taken together, our analyses substantially expand understanding of the protein expression signatures of ILC subsets. Going forward, these proteomic datasets will serve as valuable resources for future studies of ILC biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel B M Teunissen
- Department of Dermatology and Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Line B Pilgaard Møller
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne B Løvendorf
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark; The Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Skov
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Charlotte M Bonefeld
- The Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcel W Bekkenk
- Department of Dermatology and Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachael A Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthias Mann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Beatrice Dyring-Andersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark; The Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hegewisch-Solloa E, Nalin AP, Freud AG, Mace EM. Deciphering the localization and trajectory of human natural killer cell development. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:487-506. [PMID: 36869821 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells represent the first line of cellular immunity, comprised of both circulating and tissue-resident natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells. These innate lymphocytes arise from a common CD34+ progenitor that differentiates into mature natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells. The successive stages in natural killer cell maturation are characterized by increased lineage restriction and changes to phenotype and function. Mechanisms of human natural killer cell development have not been fully elucidated, especially the role of signals that drive the spatial localization and maturation of natural killer cells. Cytokines, extracellular matrix components, and chemokines provide maturation signals and influence the trafficking of natural killer cell progenitors to peripheral sites of differentiation. Here we present the latest advances in our understanding of natural killer and innate lymphoid cell development in peripheral sites, including secondary lymphoid tissues (i.e. tonsil). Recent work in the field has provided a model for the spatial distribution of natural killer cell and innate lymphoid cell developmental intermediates in tissue and generated further insights into the developmental niche. In support of this model, future studies using multifaceted approaches seek to fully map the developmental trajectory of human natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells in secondary lymphoid tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Everardo Hegewisch-Solloa
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th St. New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ansel P Nalin
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Medical Scientist Training Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave. Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave. Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th St. New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ruf B, Greten TF, Korangy F. Innate lymphoid cells and innate-like T cells in cancer - at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:351-371. [PMID: 37081117 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies targeting conventional T cells have revolutionized systemic treatment for many cancers, yet only a subset of patients benefit from these approaches. A better understanding of the complex immune microenvironment of tumours is needed to design the next generation of immunotherapeutics. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and innate-like T cells (ILTCs) are abundant, tissue-resident lymphocytes that have recently been shown to have critical roles in many types of cancers. ILCs and ILTCs rapidly respond to changes in their surrounding environment and act as the first responders to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. This places ILCs and ILTCs as pivotal orchestrators of the final antitumour immune response. In this Review, we outline hallmarks of ILCs and ILTCs and discuss their emerging role in antitumour immunity, as well as the pathophysiological adaptations leading to their pro-tumorigenic function. We explore the pleiotropic, in parts redundant and sometimes opposing, mechanisms that underlie the delicate interplay between the different subsets of ILCs and ILTCs. Finally, we highlight their role in amplifying and complementing conventional T cell functions and summarize immunotherapeutic strategies for targeting ILCs and ILTCs in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ruf
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tim F Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NCI CCR Liver Cancer Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Firouzeh Korangy
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Taggenbrock RLRE, van Gisbergen KPJM. ILC1: Development, maturation, and transcriptional regulation. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2149435. [PMID: 36408791 PMCID: PMC10099236 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 Innate Lymphoid cells (ILC1s) are tissue-resident cells that partake in the regulation of inflammation and homeostasis. A major feature of ILC1s is their ability to rapidly respond after infections. The effector repertoire of ILC1s includes the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α and cytotoxic mediators such as granzymes, which enable ILC1s to establish immune responses and to directly kill target cells. Recent advances in the characterization of ILC1s have considerably furthered our understanding of ILC1 development and maintenance in tissues. In particular, it has become clear how ILC1s operate independently from conventional natural killer cells, with which they share many characteristics. In this review, we discuss recent developments with regards to the differentiation, polarization, and effector maturation of ILC1s. These processes may underlie the observed heterogeneity in ILC1 populations within and between different tissues. Next, we highlight transcriptional programs that control each of the separate steps in the differentiation of ILC1s. These transcriptional programs are shared with other tissue-resident type-1 lymphocytes, such as tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM ) and invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT), highlighting that ILC1s utilize networks of transcriptional regulation that are conserved between lymphocyte lineages to respond effectively to tissue-invading pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renske L R E Taggenbrock
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mace EM. Human natural killer cells: Form, function, and development. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:371-385. [PMID: 36195172 PMCID: PMC9905317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that mediate important effector functions in the control of viral infection and malignancy. Their ability to distinguish "self" from "nonself" and lyse virally infected and tumorigenic cells through germline-encoded receptors makes them important players in maintaining human health and a powerful tool for immunotherapeutic applications and fighting disease. This review introduces our current understanding of NK cell biology, including key facets of NK cell differentiation and the acquisition and execution of NK cell effector function. Further, it addresses the clinical relevance of NK cells in both primary immunodeficiency and immunotherapy. It is intended to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of this important and interesting innate immune effector cell subset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Mace
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Song P, Cao K, Mao Y, Ai S, Sun F, Hu Q, Liu S, Wang M, Lu X, Guan W, Shen X. Tissue specific imprinting on innate lymphoid cells during homeostasis and disease process revealed by integrative inference of single-cell transcriptomics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127413. [PMID: 36960063 PMCID: PMC10028295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are key components of the immune system, yet the similarity and distinction of the properties across tissues under homeostasis, inflammation and tumor process remain elusive. Methods Here we performed integrative inference of ILCs to reveal their transcriptional profiles and heterogeneity from single-cell genomics. We collected a large number of ILCs from human six different tissues which can represent unique immune niches (circulation, lymphoid tissue, normal and inflamed mucosa, tumor microenvironment), to systematically address the transcriptional imprinting. Results ILCs are profoundly imprinted by their organ of residence, and tissue-specific distinctions are apparent under pathological conditions. In the hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment, we identified intermediate c-kit+ ILC2 population, and lin-CD127- NK-like cells that expressed markers of cytotoxicity including CCL5 and IFNG. Additionally, CD127+CD94+ ILC1s were preferentially enriched in inflamed ileum from patients with Crohn's disease. Discussion These analyses depicted a comprehensive characterization of ILC anatomical distribution and subset heterogeneity, and provided a base line for future temporal or spatial studies focused on tissue-specific ILC-mediated immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonghuan Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shichao Ai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiongyuan Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofei Shen, ; Wenxian Guan, ; Xiaofeng Lu,
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofei Shen, ; Wenxian Guan, ; Xiaofeng Lu,
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofei Shen, ; Wenxian Guan, ; Xiaofeng Lu,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li M, Wang Z, Jiang W, Lu Y, Zhang J. The role of group 3 innate lymphoid cell in intestinal disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1171826. [PMID: 37122757 PMCID: PMC10140532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1171826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), a novel subpopulation of lymphocytes enriched in the intestinal mucosa, are currently considered as key sentinels in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis. ILC3s can secrete a series of cytokines such as IL-22 to eliminate intestinal luminal antigens, promote epithelial tissue repair and mucosal barrier integrity, and regulate intestinal immunity by integrating multiple signals from the environment and the host. However, ILC3 dysfunction may be associated with the development and progression of various diseases in the gut. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss the role of ILC3 in intestinal diseases such as enteric infectious diseases, intestinal inflammation, and tumors, with a focus on recent research advances and discoveries to explore potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu C, Liang JA, Brenchley JM, Shin T, Fan X, Mortlock RD, Abraham D, Allan DS, Thomas ML, Hong S, Dunbar CE. Barcode clonal tracking of tissue-resident immune cells in rhesus macaque highlights distinct clonal distribution pattern of tissue NK cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:994498. [PMID: 36605190 PMCID: PMC9808525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.994498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue resident (TR) immune cells play important roles in facilitating tissue homeostasis, coordinating immune responses against infections and tumors, and maintaining immunological memory. While studies have shown these cells are distinct phenotypically and functionally from cells found in the peripheral blood (PB), the clonal relationship between these populations across tissues has not been comprehensively studied in primates or humans. We utilized autologous transplantation of rhesus macaque hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells containing high diversity barcodes to track the clonal distribution of T, B, myeloid and natural killer (NK) cell populations across tissues, including liver, spleen, lung, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract, in comparison with PB longitudinally post-transplantation, in particular we focused on NK cells which do not contain endogenous clonal markers and have not been previously studied in this context. T cells demonstrated tissue-specific clonal expansions as expected, both overlapping and distinct from blood T cells. In contrast, B and myeloid cells showed a much more homogeneous clonal pattern across various tissues and the blood. The clonal distribution of TR NK was more heterogenous between individual animals. In some animals, as we have previously reported, we observed large PB clonal expansions in mature CD56-CD16+ NK cells. Notably, we found a separate set of highly expanded PB clones in CD16-CD56- (DN) NK subset that were also contributing to TR NK cells in all tissues examined, both in TR CD56-CD16+ and DN populations but absent in CD56+16- TR NK across all tissues analyzed. Additionally, we observed sets of TR NK clones specific to individual tissues such as lung or GI tract and sets of TR NK clones shared across liver and spleen, distinct from other tissues. Combined with prior functional data that suggests NK memory is restricted to liver or other TR NK cells, these clonally expanded TR NK cells may be of interest for future investigation into NK cell tissue immunological memory, with implications for development of NK based immunotherapies and an understanding of NK memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng Wu
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jialiu A. Liang
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jason M. Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Lab of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Taehoon Shin
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xing Fan
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ryland D. Mortlock
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Diana M. Abraham
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David S.J. Allan
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marvin L. Thomas
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - So Gun Hong
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cynthia E. Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Cynthia E. Dunbar,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kiekens L, Wahlen S, Persyn E, De Vos Z, Taghon T, Vandekerckhove B, Leclercq G. T-BET drives the conversion of human type 3 innate lymphoid cells into functional NK cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:975778. [PMID: 36330517 PMCID: PMC9623292 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.975778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are characterized by RORγt expression and they produce IL-22 upon activation. ILC3s play a role in maintenance of barrier integrity in the intestine. Under inflammatory conditions, the ILC composition of the mucosal tissues is altered due to a high degree of plasticity. It has been extensively demonstrated that both murine and human ILC3s convert into ILC1s to mediate appropriate immune responses. However, plasticity between human ILC3s and NK cells is less well documented. As T-BET and EOMES are key transcription factors in NK cell differentiation, we investigated whether ectopic T-BET or EOMES expression converts human ILC3s into NK cells. ILC3s with ectopic T-BET and EOMES expression downregulate RORγt expression, while T-BET-overexpressing ILC3s additionally upregulate EOMES expression. High E ctopic T-BET expression in ILC3s results in transdifferentiation towards CD94+ NK cells, whereas ectopic EOMES overexpression results in dedifferentiation of ILC3s into CD94-CD117-/low cells but is ineffective in NK cell generation. Dedifferentiating ILC3s from both T-BET and EOMES overexpression cultures upregulate NK cell receptors, perforin and granzyme B. Finally, IL-22 secretion is completely blocked in transdifferentiating ILC3s with both T-BET and EOMES ectopic expression, whereas only T-BET overexpression increases IFN-γ secretion and cytotoxicity. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that human ILC3s can convert into functional NK cells, wherein T-BET, and not EOMES, is the main driver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kiekens
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Wahlen
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Persyn
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zenzi De Vos
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Taghon
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georges Leclercq
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Georges Leclercq,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The unique role of innate lymphoid cells in cancer and the hepatic microenvironment. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1012-1029. [PMID: 35962192 PMCID: PMC9424527 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease, and despite incredible progress over the last decade, it remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Liver cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver metastases are distinct from other cancers in that they typically emerge as a consequence of long-term low-grade inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms that underpin inflammation-driven tissue remodeling of the hepatic immune environment is likely to provide new insights into much needed treatments for this devastating disease. Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which include natural killer (NK) cells and ILC1s, are particularly enriched in the liver and thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of liver diseases, including cancer. NK cells are an attractive, but underexplored, therapeutic target in hepatic disease due to their role in immunosurveillance and their ability to recognize and eliminate malignant cells. ILC1s are closely related to and share many phenotypic features with NK cells but are less well studied. Thus, their utility in immunotherapeutic approaches is not yet well understood. Here, we review our current understanding of ILCs in cancer with a particular focus on liver and liver-related diseases.
Collapse
|
14
|
NK Cells and Other Cytotoxic Innate Lymphocytes in Colorectal Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147859. [PMID: 35887206 PMCID: PMC9322916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite its complex pathogenesis and progression, CRC represents a well-fitting example of how the immune contexture can dictate the disease outcome. The presence of cytotoxic lymphocytes, both CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, represents a relevant prognostic factor in CRC and is associated with a better overall survival. Together with NK cells, other innate lymphocytes, namely, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), have been found both in biopsies of CRC patients and in murine models of intestinal cancer, playing both pro- and anti-tumor activities. In particular, several type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) with cytotoxic functions have been recently described, and evidence in mice shows a role for both NK cells and ILC1 in controlling CRC metastasis. In this review, we provide an overview of the features of NK cells and the expanding spectrum of innate lymphocytes with cytotoxic functions. We also comment on both the described and the potential roles these innate lymphocytes can play during the progression of intestinal cancer leading to metastasis. Finally, we discuss recent advances in the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional regulation of cytotoxic innate lymphocytes in CRC.
Collapse
|
15
|
Calvi M, Di Vito C, Frigo A, Trabanelli S, Jandus C, Mavilio D. Development of Human ILCs and Impact of Unconventional Cytotoxic Subsets in the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914266. [PMID: 35720280 PMCID: PMC9204637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) were firstly described by different independent laboratories in 2008 as tissue-resident innate lymphocytes mirroring the phenotype and function of T helper cells. ILCs have been subdivided into three distinct subgroups, ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3, according to their cytokine and transcriptional profiles. Subsequently, also Natural Killer (NK) cells, that are considered the innate counterpart of cytotoxic CD8 T cells, were attributed to ILC1 subfamily, while lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells were attributed to ILC3 subgroup. Starting from their discovery, significant advances have been made in our understanding of ILC impact in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, in the protection against pathogens and in tumor immune-surveillance. However, there is still much to learn about ILC ontogenesis especially in humans. In this regard, NK cell developmental intermediates which have been well studied and characterized prior to the discovery of helper ILCs, have been used to shape a model of ILC ontogenesis. Herein, we will provide an overview of the current knowledge about NK cells and helper ILC ontogenesis in humans. We will also focus on the newly disclosed circulating ILC subsets with killing properties, namely unconventional CD56dim NK cells and cytotoxic helper ILCs, by discussing their possible role in ILC ontogenesis and their contribution in both physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Calvi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frigo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Trabanelli
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Siegler JJ, Correia MP, Hofman T, Prager I, Birgin E, Rahbari NN, Watzl C, Stojanovic A, Cerwenka A. Human ILC3 Exert TRAIL-Mediated Cytotoxicity Towards Cancer Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:742571. [PMID: 35300331 PMCID: PMC8921484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.742571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 3 helper Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC3s) are cytokine-producing lymphocytes that respond to stress signals released during disturbed tissue homeostasis and infection. Upon activation, ILC3s secrete IL-22 and IL-17, and orchestrate immune responses against extracellular pathogens. Their role in cancer remains poorly explored. To determine their anti-cancer effector potential, we co-cultured cytokine-activated human ILC3s with cancer cells of different origins. ILC3s were able to directly respond to tumor cells, resulting in enhanced IFN-γ production. Upon tumor cell encounter, ILC3s maintained expression of the transcription factor RORγt, indicating that ILC3s preserved their identity. ILC3s were able to directly kill both hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma tumor cells expressing cell-death receptor TRAILR2, through the activation of Caspase-8 in target cells. Moreover, liver-derived cytokine-activated ILC3s also expressed TRAIL and were able to eliminate hepatoblastoma cells. Together, our data reveal that ILC3s can participate in anti-tumor immune response through direct recognition of tumor cells resulting in IFN-γ release and TRAIL-dependent cytotoxicity. Thus, ILC3s might be ancillary players of anti-tumor immunity in tissues, acting as primary responders against transformed or metastasizing cells, which might be further exploited for therapies against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana-Julia Siegler
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Margareta P Correia
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Tomáš Hofman
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Isabel Prager
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Emrullah Birgin
- Department of Surgery, University Clinics Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nuh N Rahbari
- Department of Surgery, University Clinics Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ana Stojanovic
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chung DC, Jacquelot N, Ghaedi M, Warner K, Ohashi PS. Innate Lymphoid Cells: Role in Immune Regulation and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092071. [PMID: 35565201 PMCID: PMC9102917 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are an emerging family of effector cells known to play a major role in innate defenses against pathogens, lymphoid organogenesis, tissue repair, and homeostasis. They are positioned strategically within tissues to provide the first line of defence and shape the ensuing adaptive immune cell response. Recent evidence suggests that ILCs contribute to immune regulation in different diseases, including cancer, and can have significant impact on disease outcome. In this review, we highlight the immunosuppressive roles of ILCs in cancer that inhibit effective immune surveillance and anti-tumour response. Abstract Immune regulation is composed of a complex network of cellular and molecular pathways that regulate the immune system and prevent tissue damage. It is increasingly clear that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are also armed with immunosuppressive capacities similar to well-known immune regulatory cells (i.e., regulatory T cells). In cancer, immunoregulatory ILCs have been shown to inhibit anti-tumour immune response through various mechanisms including: (a) direct suppression of anti-tumour T cells or NK cells, (b) inhibiting T-cell priming, and (c) promoting other immunoregulatory cells. To provide a framework of understanding the role of immunosuppressive ILCs in the context of cancer, we first outline a brief history and challenges related to defining immunosuppressive ILCs. Furthermore, we focus on the mechanisms of ILCs in suppressing anti-tumour immunity and consequentially promoting tumour progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C. Chung
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (N.J.); (M.G.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.C.); (P.S.O.)
| | - Nicolas Jacquelot
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (N.J.); (M.G.); (K.W.)
| | - Maryam Ghaedi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (N.J.); (M.G.); (K.W.)
| | - Kathrin Warner
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (N.J.); (M.G.); (K.W.)
| | - Pamela S. Ohashi
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (N.J.); (M.G.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.C.); (P.S.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rethacker L, Boy M, Bisio V, Roussin F, Denizeau J, Vincent-Salomon A, Borcoman E, Sedlik C, Piaggio E, Toubert A, Dulphy N, Caignard A. Innate lymphoid cells: NK and cytotoxic ILC3 subsets infiltrate metastatic breast cancer lymph nodes. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2057396. [PMID: 35371620 PMCID: PMC8973349 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2057396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) – which include cytotoxic Natural Killer (NK) cells and helper-type ILC – are important regulators of tissue immune homeostasis, with possible roles in tumor surveillance. We analyzed ILC and their functionality in human lymph nodes (LN). In LN, NK cells and ILC3 were the prominent subpopulations. Among the ILC3s, we identified a CD56+/ILC3 subset with a phenotype close to ILC3 but also expressing cytotoxicity genes shared with NK. In tumor-draining LNs (TD-LNs) and tumor samples from breast cancer (BC) patients, NK cells were prominent, and proportions of ILC3 subsets were low. In tumors and TD-LN, NK cells display reduced levels of NCR (Natural cytotoxicity receptors), despite high transcript levels and included a small subset CD127− CD56− NK cells with reduced function. Activated by cytokines CD56+/ILC3 cells from donor and patients LN acquired cytotoxic capacity and produced IFNg. In TD-LN, all cytokine activated ILC populations produced TNFα in response to BC cell line. Analyses of cytotoxic and helper ILC indicate a switch toward NK cells in TD-LN. The local tumor microenvironment inhibited NK cell functions through downregulation of NCR, but cytokine stimulation restored their functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Rethacker
- INSERM U1160, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Boy
- INSERM U1160, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Valeria Bisio
- INSERM U1160, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - France Roussin
- Service d’Anesthésie-Réanimation, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jordan Denizeau
- INSERM U932, Département de Recherche Translationelle, Institut Curie, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences & Lettres (PSL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Anne Vincent-Salomon
- Diagnostic and Theranostic Medicine Division, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Edith Borcoman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christine Sedlik
- INSERM U932, Département de Recherche Translationelle, Institut Curie, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences & Lettres (PSL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Eliane Piaggio
- INSERM U932, Département de Recherche Translationelle, Institut Curie, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences & Lettres (PSL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Antoine Toubert
- INSERM U1160, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP–HP), Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire d’Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dulphy
- INSERM U1160, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP–HP), Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire d’Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Paris, France
| | - Anne Caignard
- INSERM U1160, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Marchalot A, Mjösberg J. Innate lymphoid cells in colorectal cancer. Scand J Immunol 2022; 95:e13156. [PMID: 35274359 PMCID: PMC9286852 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) can be viewed as the innate counterparts of T cells. In contrast to T cells, ILCs exert their functions in antigen‐independent manners, relying on tissue‐derived signals from other immune cells, stroma and neurons. Natural killer (NK) cells have been known for their antitumour effects for decades. However, the roles of other ILC subtypes in cancer immunity are just now starting to be unravelled. ILCs contribute to both homeostasis and inflammation in the intestinal mucosa. Intestinal inflammation predisposes the intestine for the development of colonic dysplasia and colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent data from mouse models and human studies indicate that ILCs play a role in CRC, exerting both protumoural and antitumoural functions. Studies also suggest that intratumoural ILC frequencies and expression of ILC signature genes can predict disease progression and response to PD‐1 checkpoint therapy in CRC. In this mini‐review, we focus on such recent insights and their implications for understanding the immunobiology of CRC. We also identify knowledge gaps and research areas that require further work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marchalot
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Krabbendam L, Heesters BA, Kradolfer CMA, Haverkate NJE, Becker MAJ, Buskens CJ, Bemelman WA, Bernink JH, Spits H. CD127+ CD94+ innate lymphoid cells expressing granulysin and perforin are expanded in patients with Crohn's disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5841. [PMID: 34615883 PMCID: PMC8494908 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic definition of helper ILC1 and NK cells is problematic due to overlapping markers. Recently we showed the identification of cytotoxic ILC3s characterized by expression of CD94. Here we analyse CD127+ ILCs and NK cells in intestinal lamina propria from healthy donors and Crohn's disease patients and identify two populations of CD127+CD94+ ILCs, designated population A and B, that can be distinguished on the expression of CD117, CD18 and cytotoxic molecules. Population B expresses granulysin, a cytotoxic molecule linked to bacterial lysis and/or chemotaxis of monocytes. Granulysin protein is secreted by population B cells upon stimulation with IL-15. Activation of population B in the presence of TGF-β strongly reduces the expression of cytotoxic effector molecules of population B. Strikingly, samples from individuals that suffer from active Crohn's disease display enhanced frequencies of granulysin-expressing effector CD127+CD94+ ILCs in comparison to controls. Thus this study identifies group 1 ILC populations which accumulate in inflamed intestinal tissue of Crohn's disease patients and may play a role in the pathology of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Krabbendam
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - B A Heesters
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - C M A Kradolfer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N J E Haverkate
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M A J Becker
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C J Buskens
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism (AG&M), Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W A Bemelman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism (AG&M), Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H Bernink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584, CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H Spits
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Szudy-Szczyrek A, Ahern S, Kozioł M, Majowicz D, Szczyrek M, Krawczyk J, Hus M. Therapeutic Potential of Innate Lymphoid Cells for Multiple Myeloma Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4806. [PMID: 34638291 PMCID: PMC8507621 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently identified family of lymphocyte-like cells lacking a specific antigen receptor. They are part of the innate immune system. They play a key role in tissue homeostasis and also control inflammatory and neoplastic processes. In response to environmental stimuli, ILCs change their phenotype and functions, and influence the activity of other cells in the microenvironment. ILC dysfunction can lead to a wide variety of diseases, including cancer. ILC can be divided into three subgroups: ILC Group 1, comprising NK cells and ILC1; Group 2, including ILC2 alone; and Group 3, containing Lymphoid Tissue inducers (LTi) and ILC3 cells. While Group 1 ILCs mainly exert antitumour activity, Group 2 and Group 3 ILCs are protumorigenic in nature. A growing body of preclinical and clinical data support the role of ILCs in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM). Therefore, targeting ILCs may be of clinical benefit. In this manuscript, we review the available data on the role of ILCs in MM immunology and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Szudy-Szczyrek
- Chair and Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Sean Ahern
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.A.); (J.K.)
- National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Magdalena Kozioł
- Chair and Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Daria Majowicz
- Chair and Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Michał Szczyrek
- Chair and Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Janusz Krawczyk
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.A.); (J.K.)
- National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Marek Hus
- Chair and Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Effector differentiation downstream of lineage commitment in ILC1s is driven by Hobit across tissues. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1256-1267. [PMID: 34462601 PMCID: PMC7611762 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) participate in tissue homeostasis, inflammation and early immunity against infection. It is unclear how ILCs acquire effector function, and whether these mechanisms differ between organs. Through multiplexed single-cell mRNA-sequencing we identified cKit+CD127hiTCF-1hi early differentiation stages of T-bet+ ILC1. These cells were present across different organs and had the potential to mature towards CD127intTCF-1int and CD127−TCF-1− ILC1. Paralleling a gradual loss of TCF-1, differentiating ILC1 forfeited their expansion potential while increasing expression of effector molecules, reminiscent of T cell differentiation in secondary lymphoid organs. The transcription factor Hobit was induced in TCF-1hi ILC1s and was required for their effector differentiation. These findings reveal sequential mechanisms of ILC1 lineage commitment and effector differentiation that are conserved across tissues. Our analyses suggest that ILC1 emerge as TCF-1hi cells in the periphery and acquire a spectrum of organ-specific effector phenotypes through a uniform Hobit-dependent differentiation pathway driven by local cues.
Collapse
|