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Mukhopadhyay J, Bhagat S, Sahoo SC, Bharatam PV. L→S Coordination Complexes Containing Benzothiazol-2-ylidene Ligand: Quantum Chemical Analysis and Synthesis. Chempluschem 2024:e202400150. [PMID: 38554142 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
(NHC)→E coordination interactions were known where NHC is an N-heterocyclic carbene, and E is a main group element (B, C, N, Si, P). Recently, it was suggested that compounds with (NHC)→S coordination chemistry are also possible. This work reports quantum chemical analysis and synthesis of (NHC)→S-R(+) complexes in which benzothiazol-2-ylidene acts as a ligand. A Density functional study established that (NHC)→S interaction can best be described as a coordination interaction. Synthetic efforts were made, initially, to generate divalent sulfur compounds containing benzothiazole substituents. N-alkylation of the heterocyclic ring in these sulfides using methyl triflate led to the generation of the desired products with (NHC)→S coordination chemistry, which involves the in situ generation of NHC ring ligands. The observed changes in the 13C NMR spectra, before and after methylation, confirmed the change in the electronic character of the C-S bond from a covalent character to a coordination character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Srikant Bhagat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Subash C Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
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2
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Versatility of thiourea dioxide as redox agent in globins: case study with myoglobin. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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3
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Medvedko S, Ströbele M, Wagner JP. Synthesis of Sterically Encumbered Thiourea S-Oxides through Direct Thiourea Oxidation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203005. [PMID: 36279187 PMCID: PMC10107457 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Thiourea S-oxides can be viewed as formal analogs of the currently unknown diamino-substituted Criegee intermediates (urea O-oxides). However, the preparation of such S-oxides is rather challenging, and the direct oxidation of thioureas typically only leads to formation of desulfurized products. Employing the accurate revDSD-PBEP86-D4 double hybrid density functional, it was found that the peracid mediated oxidation of thiourea S-oxides exhibits a lower reaction barrier than the oxidation of the corresponding thiourea itself in contrast to most other ordinary thioketones. The undesired overoxidation reactivity, which is associated with strong π-donation from the thiourea's nitrogen atoms, can be partially suppressed by introduction of bulky substituents and the utilization of protic solvents. In this regard, we managed to prepare two sterically encumbered thiourea S-oxides in isolated yields of 35-40 %. The S-oxides are stable in the solid state and in alcoholic solutions at room temperature for extended periods of time, but swiftly decompose in aprotic solvents by disproportionation. A dimesityl-substituted thiourea S-oxide complexed with residual mCBA could be characterized by means of X-ray crystallography, confirming the importance of hydrogen bonding in the stabilization of the amino-substituted C=S+ -O- moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Medvedko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Organic Chemistry, National Technical University of Ukraine, Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Peremohy Ave 37, 03056, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Markus Ströbele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Philipp Wagner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Dankert F, Gupta P, Wellnitz T, Baumann W, Hering-Junghans C. Deoxygenation of chalcogen oxides EO 2 (E = S, Se) with phospha-Wittig reagents. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18642-18651. [PMID: 36448405 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03703c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In here we present the deoxygenation of the chalcogen oxides EO2 (E = S, Se) with R-P(PMe3), so-called phospha-Wittig reagents. The reaction of DABSO (DABCO·2SO2) with R-P(PMe3) (R = Mes*, 2,4,6-tBu3-C6H2; MesTer, 2,6-(2,4,6-Me3-C6H2)2-C6H3) resulted in the formation of thiadiphosphiranes (RP)2S (1:R), while selenadiphosphiranes (RP)2Se (2:R) were afforded with SeO2, both accompanied by the formation of OPMe3. Utilizing the sterically more encumbered DipTer-P(PMe3) (DipTer = 2,6-(2,6-iPr2-C6H3)2-C6H3) a different selectivity was observed and (DipTerP)2Se (2:DipTer) along with [Se(μ-PDipTer)]2 (3:DipTer) were isolated as the Se-containing species in the reaction with SeO2. Interestingly, the reaction with DABSO (or with equimolar ratios of SeO2 at elevated temperatures) gave rise to the formation of the OPMe3-stabilized dioxophosphorane (phosphinidene dioxide) DipTerP(O)2-OPMe3 (4:DipTer) as the main product. This contrasting reactivity can be rationalized by two potential pathways in the reaction with EO2: (i) a Wittig-type pathway and (ii) a pathway involving oxygenation of the phospha-Wittig reagents and release of SO. Thus, phospha-Wittig reagents are shown to be useful synthetic tools for the metal-free deoxygenation of EO2 (E = S, Se).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dankert
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), A.-Einstein-Str.3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), A.-Einstein-Str.3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Tim Wellnitz
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), A.-Einstein-Str.3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Baumann
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), A.-Einstein-Str.3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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Logdi R, Bag A, Tiwari AK. Schematic Design of Metal-Free NHC-Mediated Sequestering and Complete Conversion of SO 2 to Thiocarbonyl S-Oxide Derivatives at Room Temperature. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:221-229. [PMID: 34995460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The sequestering and complete conversion of SO2 to valuable chemicals in a metal-free pathway is highly demanded. The recent success of SO2 fixation by N-heterocyclic carbenes instigated further studies in this regard. Previous reports were confined within the carbene-SO2 reaction mechanism and the stability of oxathiirane S-oxide derivatives. The complete conversion of captured SO2 to precious chemicals was not studied. The present inquisition has accomplished the scarcity of the earlier studies. It is observed that in the presence of an excess amount of carbene, the registered SO2 is converted to the ketone derivative and thiocarbonyl S-oxide derivative. An electronic level investigation of these reactions is carried out. From the change of the molecular orbitals along the reaction path, it is concluded that the reaction between the oxathiirane S-oxide derivative and carbene follows a frog's hunting mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan Logdi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, 741246 West Bengal, India
| | - Arijit Bag
- Department of Applied Science, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, Kolkata, 741249 West Bengal, India
| | - Ashwani K Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, 741246 West Bengal, India
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Logdi R, Bag A, Tiwari AK. Competitive Reactivity of SO 2 and NO 2 with N-Heterocyclic Carbene: A Mechanistic Study. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5718-5725. [PMID: 34170129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent DFT based molecular engineering to obtain stable oxathiirane S-oxide derivatives evokes the recommencement of the use of carbenes for the sequestering of SO2, which has been kept separate so far. Carbene is one of the key chemicals for the sequestering of various premier greenhouse gases like CO2, CO, N2O, etc. In this respect, a comparative study of the reactivity of carbenes with variant greenhouse gases is highly demanding. The present investigation is engrossed in the comparative reactivity of SO2 and NO2 with carbenes. All three selected carbenes are highly susceptible to SO2 and NO2. Through an immaculate mechanistic study, we are able to corroborate that the end product of the carbene-SO2 reaction is an adduct which has a preferable structure having a six-membered ring with hydrogen bonding instead of ketone and SO with higher thermodynamic stability than the corresponding oxathiirane S-oxide derivative. Carbene reacts with NO2 to form a stable carbene N, N-dioxide derivative which forms vibrationally excited oxaziridine N-oxide which rapidly dissociates to form a ketone derivative. The formation of carbene S, S-dioxide and carbene N, N-dioxide is a barrierless process. The dissociation of oxaziridene N-oxide is also a barrierless process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan Logdi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, 741246 West-Bengal, India
| | - Arijit Bag
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, 741246 West-Bengal, India
| | - Ashwani K Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, 741246 West-Bengal, India
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Tintori G, Fall A, Assani N, Zhao Y, Bergé-Lefranc D, Redon S, Vanelle P, Broggi J. Generation of powerful organic electron donors by water-assisted decarboxylation of benzimidazolium carboxylates. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01488e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In situ and easy generation of organic electron donors from water-activation of carboxylate precursors allows OED-promoted intermolecular radical addition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tintori
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
| | - Arona Fall
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
| | - Nadhrata Assani
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
| | | | - Sébastien Redon
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
| | - Julie Broggi
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
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8
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Salvitti C, Chiarotto I, Pepi F, Troiani A. Charge-Tagged N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs): Revealing the Hidden Side of NHC-Catalysed Reactions through Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Chempluschem 2020; 86:209-223. [PMID: 33252194 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are key intermediates in a variety of chemical reactions. Owing to their transient nature, the interception and characterization of these reactive species have always been challenging. Similarly, the study of reaction mechanisms in which carbenes act as catalysts is still an active research field. This Minireview describes the contribution of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to the detection of charge-tagged NHCs resulting from the insertion of an ionic group into the molecular scaffold. The use of different mass spectrometric techniques, combined with the charge-tagging strategy, allowed clarification of the involvement of NHCs in archetypal reactions and the study of their intrinsic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Salvitti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Chiarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Pepi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Troiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
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9
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Logdi R, Bag A, Tiwari AK. DFT based engineering of N-heterocyclic carbenes to exacerbate its activity for SO2 fixation and storage. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 93:107437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Leitz D, Nitzer A, Morgenstern Y, Zischka F, Kornath AJ. Structural Investigation of Thiourea Dioxide in Superacids. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Leitz
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Alexander Nitzer
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Yvonne Morgenstern
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Florian Zischka
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Andreas J. Kornath
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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Buß F, Rotering P, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Dielmann F. Crystalline, room-temperature stable phosphine–SO2 adducts: generation of sulfur monoxide from sulfur dioxide. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10420-10424. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01484a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Particularly basic phosphines form isolable Lewis base adducts with SO2 that readily release SO at room temperature driven by the formation of the corresponding phosphine oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florenz Buß
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Philipp Rotering
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | | | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
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Dereven’kov IA, Ivlev PA, Salnikov DS, Bischin C, Attia AAA, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R, Makarov SV. Studies of reaction of tetramethylthiourea with hydrogen peroxide: evidence of formation of tetramethylthiourea monoxide as a key intermediate of the reaction. J Sulphur Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2017.1321650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilia A. Dereven’kov
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Ivlev
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Denis S. Salnikov
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Cristina Bischin
- Departamentul de Chimie, Facultatea de Chimie şi Inginerie Chimică, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Amr A. A. Attia
- Departamentul de Chimie, Facultatea de Chimie şi Inginerie Chimică, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu
- Departamentul de Chimie, Facultatea de Chimie şi Inginerie Chimică, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergei V. Makarov
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo, Russia
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Finger LH, Guschlbauer J, Harms K, Sundermeyer J. N-Heterocyclic Olefin-Carbon Dioxide and -Sulfur Dioxide Adducts: Structures and Interesting Reactivity Patterns. Chemistry 2016; 22:16292-16303. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars H. Finger
- Fachbereich Chemie and Materials Science Centre; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Jannick Guschlbauer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Materials Science Centre; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie and Materials Science Centre; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Materials Science Centre; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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Abstract
Experimentally known adducts of SO2 with transition metal complexes have distinct geometries. In the present paper, we demonstrate by a bonding analysis that this is a direct consequence of sulfur dioxide acting as an acceptor in one set, square-planar complexes of d(8) and linear two-coordinated complexes of d(10) transition metals, and as a donor with other compounds, well-known paddle-wheel [Rh2(O2CCF3)4] and square-pyramidal [M(CO)5] (M = Cr, W) complexes. Bonding energy computations were augmented by the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and energy decomposition analysis (EDA). When the SO2 molecule acts as an acceptor, bonding in the bent coordination mode to the axial position of the d(8) or the d(10) metal center, the dominant contributor to the bonding is LAO(S) (Lewis Acidic Orbital, mainly composed of the px-orbital of the S atom) as an acceptor, while a dz(2) orbital centered on the metal is the corresponding donor. In contrast, the distinct collinear (or linear) coordination of the SO2 bound at the axial position of [Rh2(O2CCF3)4] and/or [M(CO)5] is associated with a dominant donation from a lone pair localized on the sulfur atom, σ*(Rh-Rh) and/or empty LAO(M) (mainly composed of the dz(2) orbital of the metal), respectively, acting as an acceptor orbital. The donor/acceptor capabilities of the SO2 molecule were also checked in adducts with organic Lewis acids (BH3, B(CF3)3) and Lewis bases (NH3, N(CH3)3, N-heterocyclic carbene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbai Li
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA.
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Lewis D, Mama J, Hawkes J. An investigation into the structure and chemical properties of formamidine sulfinic acid. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 68:1327-1332. [PMID: 25357155 DOI: 10.1366/13-07306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of formamidine sulfinic acid in the textile industry goes back many years, particularly as an agent for the reduction or "vatting" of vat dyes, to form the water-soluble leuco species, when dyeing or printing cellulosic fibers. Many workers have labeled this agent as thiourea dioxide and theorized that its reducing power developed through the existence of two isomeric forms: thiourea dioxide (the sulfone), and formamidine sulfinate. This article has used solid and solution Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to show that the name thiourea dioxide is a misnomer since the compound does not exist in the six-valent state, but is stabilized in the four-valent state by formation of a strong internal zwitterion as shown in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lewis
- Perachem Limited, 1 Sizers Court, Henshaw Lane, Yeadon, Leeds, LS19 7DP UK
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Makarov SV, Horváth AK, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R, Gao Q. Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Thiourea Oxides. Chemistry 2014; 20:14164-76. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Ringger DH, Kobylianskii IJ, Serra D, Chen P. Quantitative Description of Structural Effects on the Stability of Gold(I) Carbenes. Chemistry 2014; 20:14270-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ringger DH, Chen P. Rationelle Entwicklung eines Goldcarben-Vorstufenkomplexes für eine katalytische Cyclopropanierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ringger DH, Chen P. Rational design of a gold carbene precursor complex for a catalytic cyclopropanation reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4686-9. [PMID: 23526648 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bridging gas- and solution-phase chemistry: A gold(I) carbene precursor complex has been developed and investigated for catalytic cyclopropanation. Formation of the carbene intermediate was first probed by mass spectrometry, followed by cyclopropanation of p-methoxystyrene in solution. The imidazolylidene leaving group serves as a base generated in situ that is necessary in the putative catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Ringger
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
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Sajid M, Klose A, Birkmann B, Liang L, Schirmer B, Wiegand T, Eckert H, Lough AJ, Fröhlich R, Daniliuc CG, Grimme S, Stephan DW, Kehr G, Erker G. Reactions of phosphorus/boron frustrated Lewis pairs with SO2. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21161k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Lavigne F, Maerten E, Alcaraz G, Branchadell V, Saffon-Merceron N, Baceiredo A. Activation of CO2 and SO2 by Boryl(phosphino)carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lavigne F, Maerten E, Alcaraz G, Branchadell V, Saffon-Merceron N, Baceiredo A. Activation of CO2 and SO2 by Boryl(phosphino)carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:2489-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Talybov AG, Mamedbeili EG, Abbasov VM, Kochetkov KA. Synthesis and properties of pentane amino derivatives. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363210120091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Schenk WA. The coordination chemistry of small sulfur-containing molecules: a personal perspective. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:1209-19. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00975j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Kis Z, Makarov SV, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R. Computational investigations on the electronic structure and reactivity of thiourea dioxide: sulfoxylate formation, tautomerism and dioxygen liberation. J Sulphur Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/17415990903505902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Huynh K, Rivard E, Lough AJ, Manners I. Synthesis, Structures, and Stability of N-Donor-Stabilized N-Silylphosphoranimine Cations. Chemistry 2007; 13:3431-40. [PMID: 17304596 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of DMAP-stabilized (DMAP=4-dimethylaminopyridine) N-silylphosphoranimine cations [DMAPPR(2)==NSiMe(3)](+), bearing R=Cl ([8](+)), Me ([10 a](+)), Me/Ph ([10 b](+)), Ph ([10 c](+)), and OCH(2)CF(3) ([10 d](+)) substituents, have been synthesized from the reactions of the parent phosphoranimines Cl(3)P==NSiMe(3) (3) and XR(2)P==NSiMe(3) (X=Cl (9), Br (11); R=Me (9 a and 11 a), Me/Ph (9 b and 11 b), Ph (9 c and 11 c), and OCH(2)CF(3) (9 d and 11 d)) with DMAP and silver salts as halide abstractors. Reactions in the absence of silver salts yield the corresponding cations, with halide counterions. The stability of the salts is highly dependent on the phosphoranimine substituent and the nature of the counteranion, such that electron-withdrawing substituents and non-coordinating anions yield the most stable salts. X-ray structural determination of the cations reveal extremely short phosphoranimine P--N bond lengths for the cations [8](+) and [10 d](+) (1.47-1.49 A) in which electron-withdrawing substituents are present and a longer phosphoranimine P--N length for the cation [10 a](+) (1.53 A) in which electron-donating substituents are present. Very wide bond angles at nitrogen are observed for the salts containing the cation [10 d](+) (158-166 degrees ) and indicate significant sp hybridization at the nitrogen centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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Denk MK, Krause MJ, Niyogi DF, Gill NK. Reaction of 1,2-dibromoethane with primary amines: formation of N , N ′-disubstituted ethylenediamines RNH–CH 2 CH 2 –NHR and homologous polyamines RNH–[CH 2 CH 2 NR] n –H. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)01149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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