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Yamanoi Y. Recent Progress on the Synthesis of Bipyridine Derivatives. Molecules 2024; 29:576. [PMID: 38338319 PMCID: PMC10856230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bipyridine and related compounds are starting materials or precursors for a variety of valuable substances such as biologically active molecules, ligands for catalysts, photosensitizers, viologens, and supramolecular architectures. Thus, it is important to classify their synthesis methods and understand their characteristics. Representative examples include methods using homo and heterocoupling of pyridine derivatives in the presence of a catalyst. Because bipyridine compounds strongly coordinate with metal centers, a decrease in catalytic activity and yield is often observed in the reaction system. To address this issue, this review provides insights into advances over the last ~30 years in bipyridine synthesis using metal complexes under both homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. Moreover, strategies for bipyridine synthesis involving sulfur and phosphorous compounds are examined. These alternative pathways offer promising avenues for overcoming the challenges associated with traditional catalysis methods, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the synthesis landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Yamanoi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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2
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Pischedda S, Stoccoro S, Zucca A, Sciortino G, Ortu F, Clarkson GJ. Synthesis and characterization of new Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) complexes with 3-substituted 1-(2-pyridyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4859-4873. [PMID: 33877183 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00546d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several palladium(ii) and platinum(ii) complexes (1-20) of general formula [M(Ln)(X)(Y)] [M = Pd, X = Y = Cl (1-Cl-4-Cl), X = Y = OAc (1-OAc-4-OAc); M = Pt: X = Y = Cl (5-8); M = Pd, X = Cl, Y = CH3 (9-12); M = Pt, X = Cl, Y = CH3 (13-16) or X = Y = CH3 (17-20); n = 1-4] have been synthesized by reaction of different Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) derivatives with various 3-substituted 1-(2-pyridyl)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines; i.e.Ln = 1-(2-pyridyl)-3-arylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridine (aryl = Phenyl, L1; 2-o-Tolyl, L2; Mesityl, L3) and 1-(2-pyridyl)-3-benzylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridine (L4). Detailed spectroscopic investigation (including IR, mono- and bi-dimensional 1H NMR) and elemental analysis has been performed for all these species, allowing their complete characterization. Ln act as N,N-bidentate ligands and coordinate the metal centers in a chelate fashion through the pyridyl (Npy) and the pyridine-like nitrogen atom of the imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine group (Nim). The X-ray structural analysis performed on two of Pd(ii) and three Pt(ii) complexes, namely [Pd(L2)(CH3)Cl] (10), [Pd(L3)(CH3)Cl] (11) and [Pt(L1)Cl2] (5), [Pt(L4)Cl2] (8), [Pt(L2)(CH3)Cl] (14) confirmed the spectroscopic and analytical data. Finally DFT studies unveiled the structural reasons behind the inertia of the synthesised compounds toward metalation, identified as the higher angle steric strain in comparison with the analogous bipyridine complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pischedda
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Duong VK, Horan AM, McGarrigle EM. Synthesis of Pyridylsulfonium Salts and Their Application in the Formation of Functionalized Bipyridines. Org Lett 2020; 22:8451-8457. [PMID: 33090810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An S-selective arylation of pyridylsulfides with good functional group tolerance was developed. To demonstrate synthetic utility, the resulting pyridylsulfonium salts were used in a scalable transition-metal-free coupling protocol, yielding functionalized bipyridines with extensive functional group tolerance. This modular methodology permits selective introduction of functional groups from commercially available pyridyl halides, furnishing symmetrical and unsymmetrical 2,2'- and 2,3'-bipyridines. Iterative application of the methodology enabled the synthesis of a functionalized terpyridine with three different pyridine components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent K Duong
- SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Alexandra M Horan
- SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eoghan M McGarrigle
- SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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4
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Applications of Bolm's Ligand in Enantioselective Synthesis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040958. [PMID: 32093413 PMCID: PMC7070505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One pathway for the preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds from prochiral substrates is the use of metal complex catalysis with chiral ligands. Compared to the other frequently used chiral ligands, chiral 2,2'-bipyridines have been underexploited, despite the data indicating that such ligands have considerable potential in synthetic chemistry. One of those is the so-called Bolm's ligand, a compound possessing chiral alcohol moieties in the side chains attached to the 2,2'-bipyridine scaffold. Various metal salts have been used in combination with Bolm's ligand as potent catalysts able to bring about enantioselective alkylations, allylations, conjugate additions, desymmetrization of meso-epoxides, aldol reactions, etc. This review aims to summarize Bolm's ligand applications in the area of enantioselective synthesis over the last three decades since its preparation.
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Kawade VA, Bhat SS, Tayade SB, Kumbhar AS. A one-dimensional self-assembled porous coordination polymer poly[bis(picolinato-N,O)(µ-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane-N,N′)cobalt(II)] dimethanol. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Pyridyl and triazole ligands directing the assembling of zinc(II) into coordination polymers with different dimensionality through azides. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Massoud SS, Williams GF, Louka FR, Henary MM, Herchel R, Trávníček Z, Fischer RC, Mautner FA. Croconato-bridged copper(ii) complexes: synthesis, structure and magnetic characterization. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03943j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Three croconato-bridged Cu(ii) complexes were synthesized and structurally and magnetically characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah S. Massoud
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette
- Lafayette
- USA
| | | | - Febee R. Louka
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette
- Lafayette
- USA
| | - Maher M. Henary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Radovan Herchel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry & Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University
- 17. listopadu 12
- CZ-77146 Olomouc
| | - Zdeněk Trávníček
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry & Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University
- 17. listopadu 12
- CZ-77146 Olomouc
| | - Roland C. Fischer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemische
- Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/V
- A-8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Franz A. Mautner
- Institut für Physikalische and Theoretische Chemie
- Technische Universität Graz
- Stremayrgasse 9/II
- A-8010
- Graz
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Massoud SS, Louka FR, Mautner FA. Polynuclear and polymeric squarato-bridged coordination compounds. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01322d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Massoud SS, Taylor E, Liu Y, Grebowicz J, Vicente R, Lalancette R, Mukhopadhyay U, Bernal I, Watkins SF. Synthesis, structure, thermal, magnetic properties and quantum mechanical calculations of bridged [bis(di(2-methylpyridyl)amine)-(μ2-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane)-tetraperchlorato-dicopper(ii)] dihydrate complex. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce41821a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mahon MF, McGinley J, Denise Rooney A, Walsh JM. Unusual copper(II) coordination mode from a potential Schiff-base reaction. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Courcot B, Tran DN, Fraisse B, Bonhomme F, Marsura A, Ghermani NE. Electronic properties of 3,3'-dimethyl-5,5'-bis(1,2,4-triazine): towards design of supramolecular arrangements of N-heterocyclic Cu(I) complexes. Chemistry 2007; 13:3414-23. [PMID: 17285663 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new efficient and safe synthesis of 3,3'-dimethyl-5,5'-bis-(1,2,4-triazine) is presented. The electron-density distribution and electrostatic properties (charge, electrostatic potential) of this molecule were analyzed. These properties were derived from a high-resolution single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment at 100 K and compared to the results obtained from ab initio DFT quantum-mechanical calculations. Comparisons of its electrostatic potential features and integrated atomic charges (quantum theory of atoms in molecules, QTAIM) have been made with those of related molecules such as bipyrimidine ligands. Two methods were used to derive integrated charges: one is based on the conventional analytical procedure and the second uses a steepest-ascent numerical algorithm. Excellent agreement was obtained between these two methods. Charges and electrostatic potential were used as predictive indices of metal chelation and discussed in the light of complexation abilities of the title compound and related molecules. The crystal structure of a Cu(I) complex of 3,3'-dimethyl-5,5'-bis(1,2,4-triazine) is reported here. In the solid state, this complex forms a three-dimensional multibranch network with open channels in which counterions and solvent molecules are located. This architecture involves both cis and trans isomers of the title compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Courcot
- Ecole Centrale Paris, Laboratoire SPMS UMR CNRS 8580 1, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Liu H, Zhou H, Pan ZQ, Hu D, Huang QM, Zhang HP, Hu XL, Meng XG. A self-assembled pentanuclear single-stranded helicate based on the square-planar coordination geometries. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Theoretical study of solvent effects on the conformational equilibrium and electronic spectra of 2,2′-bipyridine derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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