1
|
McLoughlin CP, Kaseman DC, Fettinger JC, Power PP. Rearrangement of a Ge(II) aryloxide to yield a new Ge(II) oxo-cluster [Ge 6(μ 3-O) 4(μ 2-OC 6H 2-2,4,6-Cy 3) 4](NH 3) 0.5: main group aryloxides of Ge(II), Sn(II), and Pb(II) [M(OC 6H 2-2,4,6-Cy 3) 2] 2 (Cy = cyclohexyl). Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37377059 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00906h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The new Ge(II) cluster [Ge6(μ3-O)4(μ2-OC6H2-2,4,6-Cy3)4](NH3)0.5 (1) and three divalent Group 14 aryloxide derivatives [Ge(OC6H2-2,4,6-Cy3)2]2 (2), [Sn(OC6H2-2,4,6-Cy3)2]2 (3), and [Pb(OC6H2-2,4,6-Cy3)2]2 (4) of the new tricyclohexylphenyloxo ligand, [(-OC6H2-2,4,6-Cy3)2]2 (Cy = cyclohexyl), were synthesized and characterized. Complexes 1-4 were obtained by reaction of the metal bissilylamides M(N(SiMe3)2)2 (M = Ge, Sn, Pb) with 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol in hexane at room temperature. If the freshly generated reaction mixture for the synthesis of 2 is stirred in solution for 12 h at room temperature, the cluster [Ge6(μ3-O)4(μ2-OC6H2-2,4,6-Cy3)4](NH3)0.5 (1), which features a rare Ge6O8 core that includes ammonia molecules in non-coordinating positions, is formed. Complexes 3 and 4 were also characterized via119Sn{1H} NMR and 207Pb NMR spectroscopy and feature signals at -280.3 ppm (119Sn{1H}, 25 °C) and 1541.0 ppm (207Pb, 37 °C), respectively. The spectroscopic characterization of 3 and 4 extends known 119Sn parameters for dimeric Sn(II) aryloxides, but data for 207Pb NMR spectra for Pb(II) aryloxides are rare. We present also a rare VT-NMR study of a homoleptic 3-coordinate Pb(II) aryloxide. The crystal structures of 2, 3, and 4 feature interligand H⋯H contacts that are similar in number to those of related transition metal derivatives despite the larger size of the group 14 elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connor P McLoughlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | - Derrick C Kaseman
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | - Philip P Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zaitsev KV, Trubachev AD, Poleshchuk OK. Germanium Complexes with ONO Tridentate Ligands: O-H Bond Activation Control According to DFT Calculations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10218. [PMID: 37373364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydentate ligands are used for thermodynamic stabilization of tetrylenes-low-valent derivatives of Group 14 elements (E = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb). This work shows by DFT calculations how the structure (the presence or absence of substituents) and type (alcoholic, Alk, or phenolic, Ar) of tridentate ligands 2,6-pyridinobis(1,2-ethanols) [AlkONOR]H2 and 2,6-pyridinobis(1,2-phenols) [ArONOR]H2 (R = H, Me) may affect the reactivity or stabilization of tetrylene, indicating the unprecedented behavior of Main Group elements. This enables the unique control of the type of the occurring reaction. We found that unhindered [ONOH]H2 ligands predominantly led to hypercoordinated bis-liganded {[ONOH]}2Ge complexes, where an E(+2) intermediate was inserted into the ArO-H bond with subsequent H2 evolution. In contrast, substituted [ONOMe]H2 ligands gave [ONOMe]Ge: germylenes, which may be regarded as kinetic stabilized products; their transformation into E(+4) species is also thermodynamically favorable. The latter reaction is more probable for phenolic [ArONO]H2 ligands than for alcoholic [AlkONO]H2. The thermodynamics and possible intermediates of the reactions were also investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Zaitsev
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D Trubachev
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Kh Poleshchuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenin Av., 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Kievskaya Str., 60, 634061 Tomsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Weakly Bound Dimer of a Diaryloxygermylene Derived from a tBuPh2Si-Substituted 2,2′-Methylenediphenol. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Novel diaryloxygermylenes have been prepared by the reaction of Lappert’s germylene, Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2, with 2,2′-methylenediphenols bearing different substituents. The bulkiness of the substituents on the ortho positions of the phenolic oxygen (6 and 6′ positions) affects the structure of the products both in the solid-state and in solution. When the ortho substituents are SitBuPh2, the diaryloxygemylene crystalizes as a weakly bound dimer with intermolecular Ge…O distances of ca. 3.0 Å and exists as a monomer in solution. In contrast, the germylene with SiMePh2 groups as the ortho substituents form a tightly bound dimer featuring a Ge2O2 rhombus with cis-oriented terminal aryloxy groups in the crystalline state, which is confirmed to be maintained in solution through the VT (variable-temperature)-1H NMR studies. To the best of our knowledge, the former dimeric structure is unprecedented in the family of dioxytetrylenes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Synthesis of germanium sols via thermal decomposition of gaseous germane. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
5
|
Soto-Montero T, Flores-Díaz N, Molina D, Soto-Navarro A, Lizano-Villalobos A, Camacho C, Hagfeldt A, Pineda LW. Dopant-Free Hole-Transport Materials with Germanium Compounds Bearing Pseudohalide and Chalcogenide Moieties for Perovskite Solar Cells. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15154-15166. [PMID: 33012162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hole-transport materials (HTMs) are key electronic components for the functioning of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as they extract the photogenerated holes from the perovskite to be transported subsequently to the back electrode while minimizing the loss from electron recombination. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of novel germanium-based compounds with [{HC(CMeNAr)2}GeNCS] (2), [{HC(CMeNAr)2}Ge(S)NCS] (3), and [{HC(CMeNAr)2}Ge(Se)NCS] (4) compositions, with Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3 and the photovoltaic performance of 3 and 4 that is the same as for HTM in PSC. All compounds displayed excellent thermal properties and an appropriate alignment of energy levels for the perovskite with maximum optical absorption in the near-UV region. As revealed by space-charge limited-current (SCLC) measurements, compounds 3 and 4 have competing hole mobilities of about 1.37 × 10-4 and 4.88 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. Upon assessing PSC devices using 3 and 4 with triple-cation perovskite absorber Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) were about 13.03 and 9.23%, respectively, both without doping and additives, and were compared with benchmark HTM spiro-OMeTAD (2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene). Quantum chemical calculations with DFT showed that the optoelectronic properties are strongly influenced by the combined contributions of the germanium atom, the pseudohalide moiety (NCS-), and chalcogenides (S2- or Se2-). Fine tuning the electronic properties of germanium is thus a good strategy for the targeted synthesis of potential conducting molecules in PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie Flores-Díaz
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemistry Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Desiré Molina
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemistry Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
McCrea-Hendrick ML, Bursch M, Gullett KL, Maurer LR, Fettinger JC, Grimme S, Power PP. Counterintuitive Interligand Angles in the Diaryls E{C6H3-2,6-(C6H2-2,4,6-iPr3)2}2 (E = Ge, Sn, or Pb) and Related Species: The Role of London Dispersion Forces. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madison L. McCrea-Hendrick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California—Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Markus Bursch
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstraße 4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kelly L. Gullett
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California—Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Leonard R. Maurer
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstraße 4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California—Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstraße 4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California—Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
N-Heterocyclic germylenes and stannylenes of the type [Fe{(η
5-C5H4)NR}2E] with bulky alkyl substituents. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2017-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The 1,1′-diaminoferrocene derivatives [Fe(η
5-C5H4–NHAd)2] (Ad=2-adamantyl) and [Fe(η
5-C5H4–NHtBu)2] were investigated in terms of their suitability for the synthesis of N-heterocyclic tetrylenes of the type [{Fe(η
5-C5H4–NR)2}E] (E=Ge, Sn). The synthesis of these target compounds was easily achieved with R=tBu, but failed with R=Ad. In the latter case, the stannylene was not sufficiently stable for isolation and decomposed to the aminoiminoferrocene derivative [Fe(η
5-C5H4–NHAd)(η
5-C5H4–N=Ad′)] (Ad′=adamant-2-ylidene). Attempts to synthesise [{Fe(η
5-C5H4–NAd)2}Ge] afforded intractable material, from which the unusual compound [μ
2-{Fe(η
5-C5H4–NAd)2}Ge2(μ
3-O)(GeCl2)] was obtained by serendipity. It contains GeO, stabilised by adduct formation with GeCl2 and the target germylene. [Fe(η
5-C5H4–NHtBu)2], [Fe(η
5-C5H4–NHAd)2], [Fe(η
5-C5H4–NHAd)(η
5-C5H4–N=Ad′)], [μ
2-{Fe(η
5-C5H4–NAd)2}Ge2(μ
3-O)(GeCl2)] and [{Fe(η
5-C5H4–NtBu)2}E] (E=Ge, Sn) were structurally characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Collapse
|
8
|
Medvedev AG, Mikhaylov AA, Grishanov DA, Yu DYW, Gun J, Sladkevich S, Lev O, Prikhodchenko PV. GeO 2 Thin Film Deposition on Graphene Oxide by the Hydrogen Peroxide Route: Evaluation for Lithium-Ion Battery Anode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:9152-9160. [PMID: 28233974 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A peroxogermanate thin film was deposited in high yield at room temperature on graphene oxide (GO) from peroxogermanate sols. The deposition of the peroxo-precursor onto GO and the transformations to amorphous GeO2, crystalline tetragonal GeO2, and then to cubic elemental germanium were followed by electron microscopy, XRD, and XPS. All of these transformations are influenced by the GO support. The initial deposition is explained in view of the sol composition and the presence of GO, and the different thermal transformations are explained by reactions with the graphene support acting as a reducing agent. As a test case, the evaluation of the different materials as lithium ion battery anodes was carried out revealing that the best performance is obtained by amorphous germanium oxide@GO with >1000 mAh g-1 at 250 mA g-1 (between 0 and 2.5 V vs Li/Li+ cathode), despite the fact that the material contained only 51 wt % germanium. This is the first demonstration of the peroxide route to produce peroxogermanate thin films and thereby supported germanium and germanium oxide coatings. The advantages of the process over alternative methodologies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Medvedev
- The Casali Center and the Institute of Chemistry and The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninskii prosp. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey A Mikhaylov
- The Casali Center and the Institute of Chemistry and The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninskii prosp. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Grishanov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninskii prosp. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Denis Y W Yu
- TUM CREATE Centre for Electromobility , 1 CREATE Way, 10/F Create Tower, 138602 Singapore
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jenny Gun
- The Casali Center and the Institute of Chemistry and The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sergey Sladkevich
- The Casali Center and the Institute of Chemistry and The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ovadia Lev
- The Casali Center and the Institute of Chemistry and The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Petr V Prikhodchenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninskii prosp. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oetzel J, Weyer N, Bruhn C, Leibold M, Gerke B, Pöttgen R, Maier M, Winter RF, Holthausen MC, Siemeling U. Redox-Active N-Heterocyclic Germylenes and Stannylenes with a Ferrocene-1,1'-diyl Backbone. Chemistry 2017; 23:1187-1199. [PMID: 27859833 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe ferrocene-based N-heterocyclic germylenes and stannylenes of the type [Fe{(η5 -C5 H4 )NR}2 E:] (1 RE; E=Ge, Sn; R=neopentyl (Np), mesityl (Mes), trimethylsilyl (TMS)), which constitute the first examples of redox-functionalised N-heterocyclic tetrylenes (NHTs). These compounds are thermally stable and were structurally characterised by means of X-ray diffraction studies, except for the neopentyl-substituted stannylene 1 NpSn, the decomposition of which afforded the aminoiminoferrocene [fc(NHCH2 tBu)(N=CHtBu)] (2) and the spiro tin(IV) compound (1 Np)2 Sn (3). DFT calculations show that the HOMO of the NHTs of our study is localised on the ferrocenylene backbone. A one-electron oxidation process affords ions of the type 1 RE+. . In contrast to the NHC system 1 RC, the localised ferrocenium-type nature of the oxidised form does not compromise the fundamental tetrylene character of 1 RE+. .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Oetzel
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Nadine Weyer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Michael Leibold
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Birgit Gerke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Maier
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78453, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rainer F Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78453, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Max C Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganisch und Analytische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Treadwell LJ, Boyle TJ, Phelan WA, Parkes MV, Young DP. Synthesis and characterization of a series of nickel( ii) alkoxide precursors and their utility for Ni(0) nanoparticle production. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:5806-5815. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04083g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of nickel alkoxides was synthesized and characterized as [Ni(OAr)2(py)x]. Precursor dependent, phase-specific Ni0nanoparticles were produced by a solution precipitation route:1(top) hcp and6(bottom) the fcc irregular shape Ni0NPs were formed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy J. Boyle
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Advanced Materials Laboratory
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | - W. Adam Phelan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - Marie V. Parkes
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Advanced Materials Laboratory
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | - David P. Young
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Böserle J, Alonso M, Jambor R, Růžička A, Dostál L. Synthesis and reactivity of a germylene stabilized by a boraguanidinate ligand. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01187j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of a germylene stabilized by a boraguanidinate ligand with various reagents is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Böserle
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- University of Pardubice
- Pardubice 53210
- Czech Republic
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- University of Pardubice
- Pardubice 53210
- Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- University of Pardubice
- Pardubice 53210
- Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- University of Pardubice
- Pardubice 53210
- Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kitschke P, Rüffer T, Korb M, Lang H, Schneider WB, Auer AA, Mehring M. Intramolecular C–O Insertion of a Germanium(II) Salicyl Alcoholate: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kitschke
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany,www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/koord/
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Marcus Korb
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang B. Schneider
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftsstraße 34–36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alexander A. Auer
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftsstraße 34–36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Michael Mehring
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany,www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/koord/
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Grim JQ, Manna L, Moreels I. A sustainable future for photonic colloidal nanocrystals. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5897-914. [PMID: 26084788 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00285k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals - produced in a growing variety of shapes, sizes and compositions - are rapidly developing into a new generation of photonic materials, spanning light emitting as well as energy harvesting applications. Precise tailoring of their optoelectronic properties enables them to satisfy disparate application-specific requirements. However, the presence of toxic heavy metals such as cadmium and lead in some of the most mature nanocrystals is a serious drawback which may ultimately preclude their use in consumer applications. Although the pursuit of non-toxic alternatives has occurred in parallel to the well-developed Cd- and Pb-based nanocrystals, synthetic challenges have, until recently, curbed progress. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the development of heavy-metal-free nanocrystals within the context of specific photonic applications. We also describe strategies to transfer some of the advantageous nanocrystal features such as shape control to non-toxic materials. Finally, we present recent developments that have the potential to make substantial impacts on the quest to attain a balance between performance and sustainability in photonics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Q Grim
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, IT-16163 Genova, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kitschke P, Mertens L, Rüffer T, Lang H, Auer AA, Mehring M. From a Germylene to an “Inorganic Adamantane”: [{Ge
4
(μ‐O)
2
(μ‐OH)
4
}{W(CO)
5
}
4
]·4THF. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kitschke
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany http://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/koord/
| | - Lutz Mertens
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany http://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/koord/
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Alexander A. Auer
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftsstraße 34–36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Michael Mehring
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany http://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/koord/
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Matioszek D, Ojo WS, Cornejo A, Katir N, El Ezzi M, Le Troedec M, Martinez H, Gornitzka H, Castel A, Nayral C, Delpech F. From rational design of organometallic precursors to optimized synthesis of core/shell Ge/GeO2 nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:7242-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00392j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis conditions of germanium-based nanoparticles have been drastically softened thanks to the design of a suitable precursor featuring enhanced reactivity.
Collapse
|
16
|
He G, Shynkaruk O, Lui MW, Rivard E. Small Inorganic Rings in the 21st Century: From Fleeting Intermediates to Novel Isolable Entities. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7815-80. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400547x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Olena Shynkaruk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Melanie W. Lui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lum JS, Chen PE, Rheingold AL, Doerrer LH. Zinc(II) complexes with fluorinated monodentate aryloxide and alkoxide ligands. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
18
|
Vaughn II DD, Schaak RE. Synthesis, properties and applications of colloidal germanium and germanium-based nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:2861-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35364d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
19
|
Boyle TJ, Steele LAM, Burton PD, Hoppe SM, Lockhart C, Rodriguez MA. Synthesis and structural characterization of a family of modified hafnium tert-butoxide for use as precursors to hafnia nanoparticles. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:12075-92. [PMID: 23131086 DOI: 10.1021/ic300622h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of modified, hafnium tert-butoxide ([Hf(OBu(t))4]) compounds (1-26) were crystallographically characterized, and representative species were then used to produce HfO2nanoparticles. This systematically varied family of [Hf(OR)4] compounds was developed from the reaction of [Hf(OBu(t))4] with a series of (i) Lewis basic solvents, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, or 1-methylimidazole; (ii) simple phenols, HOC6H4(R)-2 or HOC6H3(R)2-2,6 where R = CH3, CH(CH3)2, or C(CH3)3; and (iii) complex polydentate alcohols, tetrahydrofuran methanol (H-OTHF), pyridinecarbinol (H-OPy), and tris(hydroxymethylethane) (THME-H3). The solvent-modified products were crystallographically characterized as [Hf(OBu(t))4(solv)n] (1-3). The phenoxide (OAr)-exchanged [Hf(OBu(t))4] products isolated from toluene were characterized as dimeric [Hf(OAr)n(OBu(t))4-n]2 (4 and 5) or [Hf(μ-OH)(OAr)3(HOBu(t))]2 (6 and 7) for the less sterically demanding OAr ligands and [Hf(OAr)n(OBu(t))4-n(HOBu(t))] (8 and 9) monomers for the larger OAr ligands. When Lewis basic solvents were employed, solvated monomers of varied OAr substitutions were observed as [Hf(OAr)n(OBu(t))4-n(solv)x], where solv = THF (10, 11, and 13-15) and py (16 and 19-21). The nuclearities of the remaining complex polydentate alcohol derivatives ranged from monomers (24, OPy) to dimers (22, OTHF; 23, OPy) to tetramers (25 and 26, THME). On the basis of their nuclearities, select members of this family of [Hf(OR)4] compounds (monomer, [Hf(OBu(t))4], 8; dimer, 19a, 22; tetramer, 25) were used to determine the validity of using [Hf(OR)4] precursors for the production of hafnia (HfO2) nanoparticles under solvothermal (oleylamine/oleic acid) conditions. After a 650 °C thermal treatment, the resulting powder X-ray diffraction pattern for each powder was found to be consistent with HfO2 (PDF 00-040-1173), and after a 1000 °C treatment, larger particles of HfO2 (PDF 00-043-1017) were reported. Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed that nanomaterials had formed. Because identical processing conditions had been employed for each HfO2 nanomaterial, the morphological variations observed in this study may be attributed to the individual precursors ("precursor structure affect").
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Boyle
- Sandia National Laboratories , Advanced Materials Laboratory, 1001 University Boulevard SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Boyle TJ, Yonemoto DT, Steele LA, Farrell J, Renehan P, Huhta T. Coordination chemistry of N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(3,5-substituted benzyl-2-oxide)-2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)diethanamine modified Group 4 metal alkoxides. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:12023-31. [PMID: 23088334 DOI: 10.1021/ic3019327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The coordination behavior of a set of (ethylenedioxy)diethanamine-based tetraphenol ligands with a series of Group 4 metal alkoxides ([M(OR)(4)]) was determined. The ligands were synthesized from a modified Mannich reaction and fully characterized as N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(3,5-tert-butyl-benzyl-2-hydroxy)-2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)diethanamine, termed H(4)-OEA-DBP(4) (1), and N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(3,5-chloro-benzyl-2-hydroxy)-2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)diethanamine, termed H(4)-OEA-DCP(4) (2). The reaction of 1 with a set of [M(OR)(4)] [M = Ti, Zr, or Hf; OR = iso-propoxide (OPr(i)), neo-pentoxide (ONep), or tert-butoxide (OBu(t))] precursors led to the isolation of [(OPr(i))(2)Ti](2)(μ-OEA-DBP(4)) (3), [(ONep)(2)Ti](2)(μ-OEA-DBP(4)) (4), and [(OBu(t))(2)M](2)(μ-OEA-DBP(4)) where M = Ti (5), Zr (6), or Hf (7). In addition, the [(ONep)(2)Ti](2)(μ-OEA-DCP(4)) (4a) derivative was isolated from the reaction of 2 and [Ti(ONep)(4)], demonstrating the similarity of coordination behavior between the two OEA-R(4) ligands. For 3-7, the metal center adopts a slightly distorted octahedral geometry by binding the two O atoms of the phenoxide moiety, as well as one N and one O atom from the OEA moieties, while retaining two of the original OR ligands. Solution NMR demonstrates inequivalent protons for the majority of the bound OEA ligands, which argues for retention of structure in solution. The synthesis and characterization of these compounds are presented in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Boyle
- Sandia National Laboratories, Advanced Materials Laboratory, 1001 University Boulevard, SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|