1
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Guthardt R, Jacob HL, Bruhn C, Siemeling U. A complete series of N-heterocyclic tetrylenes (Si-Pb) with a 1,1'-ferrocenediyl backbone enabled by 1,3,2-diazaborolyl N-substituents. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:14380-14389. [PMID: 37781741 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02684a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of bulky 1,3,2-diazaborolyl N-substituents has allowed the synthesis of the complete series of ferrocene-based N-heterocyclic tetrylenes fc[(N{B})2E] (fc = 1,1'-ferrocenediyl, {B} = (HCNC6H3-2,6-iPr2)2B, E = Si-Pb). The silylene fc[(N{B})2Si] is inert towards NH3, CO2 or N2O under ambient conditions and thus significantly less reactive than the N-aryl homologue fc[(NC6H3-2,6-iPr2)2Si]. In accord with its higher reactivity, computational results indicate a more pronounced ambiphilicity of fc[(NC6H3-2,6-iPr2)2Si]. Our computational investigation of the model compound fc[(NBMe2)2Si] suggests that silylenes of this type may be superior to fc[(NC6H3-2,6-iPr2)2Si] in terms of ambiphilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Guthardt
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Hannes L Jacob
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
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2
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Epping RF, Vesseur D, Zhou M, de Bruin B. Carbene Radicals in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions. ACS Catal 2023; 13:5428-5448. [PMID: 37123600 PMCID: PMC10127290 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Discovered as organometallic curiosities in the 1970s, carbene radicals have become a staple in modern-day homogeneous catalysis. Carbene radicals exhibit nucleophilic radical-type reactivity orthogonal to classical electrophilic diamagnetic Fischer carbenes. Their successful catalytic application has led to the synthesis of a myriad of carbo- and heterocycles, ranging from simple cyclopropanes to more challenging eight-membered rings. The field has matured to employ densely functionalized chiral porphyrin-based platforms that exhibit high enantio-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. Thus far the focus has largely been on cobalt-based systems, but interest has been growing for the past few years to expand the application of carbene radicals to other transition metals. This Perspective covers the advances made since 2011 and gives an overview on the coordination chemistry, reactivity, and catalytic application of carbene radical species using transition metal complexes and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel F.J. Epping
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Vesseur
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Minghui Zhou
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Volk J, Heinz M, Leibold M, Bruhn C, Bens T, Sarkar B, Holthausen MC, Siemeling U. A crystalline cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene with a 1,1'-ferrocenylene backbone. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10396-10399. [PMID: 36039867 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03871d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes with a 1,1'-ferrocenylene backbone (fcCAACs) are established as an original family by the preparation of a crystalline congener. The Ccarbene bond angle is unprecedentedly wide for a CAAC, causing an exceptionally pronounced ambiphilicity. The redox-active backbone opens the door to unconventional metalloradicals and oligoradicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Volk
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Myron Heinz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Leibold
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Tobias Bens
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 50659 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 50659 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Max C Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
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4
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Guthardt R, Oetzel L, Lang T, Bruhn C, Siemeling U. Reactions of Mesityl Azide with Ferrocene‐Based N‐Heterocyclic Germylenes, Stannylenes and Plumbylenes, Including PPh
2
‐Functionalised Congeners. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200996. [PMID: 35510599 PMCID: PMC9400874 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of ferrocene‐based N‐heterocyclic tetrylenes [{Fe(η5−C5H4−NSitBuMe2)2}E] (E=Ge, Sn, Pb) towards mesityl azide (MesN3) is compared with that of PPh2‐functionalised congeners exhibiting two possible reaction sites, namely the EII and PIII atom. For E=Ge and Sn the reaction occurs at the EII atom, leading to the formation of N2 and an EIV=NMes unit. The germanimines are sufficiently stable for isolation. The stannanimines furnish follow‐up products, either by [2+3] cycloaddition with MesN3 or, in the PPh2‐substituted case, by NMes transfer from the SnIV to the PIII atom. Whereas [{Fe(η5−C5H4−NSitBuMe2)2}Pb] and other diaminoplumbylenes studied are inert even under forcing conditions, the PPh2‐substituted congener forms an addition product with MesN3, thus showing a behaviour similar to that of frustrated Lewis pairs. The germylenes of this study afford copper(I) complexes with CuCl, including the first structurally characterised linear dicoordinate halogenido complex [CuX(L)] with a heavier tetrylene ligand L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Guthardt
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
- Present address: School of Chemistry Monash University PO Box 23 VIC 3800 Melbourne Australia
| | - Lisa Oetzel
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Tobias Lang
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
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5
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Sheppard SA, Bennett TLR, Long NJ. Development and Characterisation of Highly‐Conjugated Functionalised Ferrocenylene Macrocycles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas James Long
- Imperial College of Science Dept. of Chemistry South Kensington SW7 2AZ London UNITED KINGDOM
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6
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Correia Bicho BA, Guthardt R, Bruhn C, Großhennig D, Orth T, Pfeiffer F, Siemeling U. N
‐
tert
‐Alkyl‐Substituted N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes with a 1,1’‐Ferrocenediyl Backbone. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno A. Correia Bicho
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Robin Guthardt
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - David Großhennig
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Till Orth
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Florian Pfeiffer
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
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7
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Škoch K, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Substituent Dependent Cyclization Reactions of 1,1'‐Bis(alkynyl)ferrocenes with the (C
6
F
5
)BH
2
⋅ SMe
2
Hydroboration Reagent. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Škoch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische-Wilhelms Universität Münster Corrensstraβe 40 48149 Münster Germany
- Current address: Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences 250 68 Husinec-Řež Czech Republic
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische-Wilhelms Universität Münster Corrensstraβe 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische-Wilhelms Universität Münster Corrensstraβe 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische-Wilhelms Universität Münster Corrensstraβe 40 48149 Münster Germany
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8
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Guthardt R, Blanckenberg J, Bruhn C, Siemeling U. Planar-chiral 1,1'-diaminoferrocenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12984-12987. [PMID: 34792053 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05287j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Planar-chiral homologues of 1,1'-diaminoferrocene, which bear a single additional substituent adjacent to one of the amino groups, are prepared as racemic mixtures in a few steps and in good yields from ferrocene. Various substituents relevant to steric shielding, coordination and further functionalisation are used, giving access to ferrocene-based planar-chiral diimines and diamines as well as stable N-heterocyclic carbenes and tetrylenes by transformations analogous to procedures established for 1,1'-diaminoferrocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Guthardt
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Johannes Blanckenberg
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
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9
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Guthardt R, Bruhn C, Siemeling U. N-heterocyclic olefins as dative carbon donor ligands for diaminoplumbylenes: Syntheses and crystal structures of adducts with 1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-2-methyleneimidazoline. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Regenauer NI, Jänner S, Wadepohl H, Roşca D. Ein redoxaktives, heterobimetallisches N‐heterocyclisches Carben auf Basis eines Bis(imino)pyrazin‐Liganden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas I. Regenauer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Insitut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Sven Jänner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Insitut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Insitut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Dragoş‐Adrian Roşca
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Insitut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
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11
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Regenauer NI, Jänner S, Wadepohl H, Roşca D. A Redox-Active Heterobimetallic N-Heterocyclic Carbene Based on a Bis(imino)pyrazine Ligand Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19320-19328. [PMID: 32672368 PMCID: PMC7590088 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new redox-active N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) architecture is obtained using N-methylated pyrazinediimine iron complexes as precursors. The new species exhibit strong π-accepting/σ-donating properties and are able to ligate two metal centres simultaneously. The redox activity was demonstrated by the reversible chemical oxidation of a heterobimetallic Fe0 /RhI example, which affords an isolable ligand-based radical cation. The reversible redox process was then applied in the catalytic hydrosilylation of 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone, where the reaction rate could be reversibly controlled as a function of the catalyst oxidation state. The new NHC exhibits high electrophilicity and nucleophilicity, which was demonstrated in the reversible activation of alcohols and amines. The electronic structure of the resulting complexes was investigated through various spectroscopic and computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas I. Regenauer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27669120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sven Jänner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27669120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27669120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Dragoş‐Adrian Roşca
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27669120HeidelbergGermany
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12
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Beaumier EP, Gordon CP, Harkins RP, McGreal ME, Wen X, Copéret C, Goodpaster JD, Tonks IA. Cp 2Ti(κ 2-tBuNCN tBu): A Complex with an Unusual κ 2 Coordination Mode of a Heterocumulene Featuring a Free Carbene. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8006-8018. [PMID: 32240590 PMCID: PMC7201867 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although there are myriad binding modes of heterocumulenes to metal centers, the monometallic κ2-ECE (E = O, S, NR) coordination mode has not been reported. Herein, the synthesis, isolation, and physical characterization of Cp2Ti(κ2-tBuNCNtBu) (3) (Cp = cyclopentadienyl, tBu = tert-butyl), a strained 4-membered metallacycle bearing a free carbene, is described. Computational (DFT, CASSCF, QT-AIM, ELF) and solid-state CP-MAS 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis indicate that 3 is best described as a free carbene with partial Ti-Cβ bonding that results from Ti-N π-bonding mixing with N-C-N σ-bonding of the bent N-C-N framework. Reactivity studies of 3 corroborate its carbene-like nature: protonation with [LutH]I results in the formation of a Ti-formamidinate (4), while oxidation with S8 yields a Ti-thioureate (5). Additionally, a related bridged dititanamidocarbene, (Cp2Ti)2(μ-η1,η1-CyNCNCy) (10) (Cy = cyclohexyl) is reported. Taken together, this work suggests that the 2-electron reduction of heterocumulene moieties can allow access to unusual free carbene coordination geometries given the proper stabilizing coordination environment from the reducing transition metal fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P. Beaumier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis MN 55455
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robin P. Harkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis MN 55455
| | - Meghan E. McGreal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis MN 55455
| | - Xuelan Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis MN 55455
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jason D. Goodpaster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis MN 55455
| | - Ian A. Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis MN 55455
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13
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Kleoff M, Schwan J, Boeser L, Hartmayer B, Christmann M, Sarkar B, Heretsch P. Scalable Synthesis of Functionalized Ferrocenyl Azides and Amines Enabled by Flow Chemistry. Org Lett 2020; 22:902-907. [PMID: 31939308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A scalable access to functionalized ferrocenyl azides has been realized in flow. By halogen-lithium exchange of ferrocenyl halides and trapping with tosyl azide, a variety of functionalized ferrocenyl azides were obtained in high yields. To allow a scalable preparation of these potentially explosive compounds, a flow protocol was developed accelerating the reaction time to minutes and circumventing accumulation of potentially hazardous intermediates. The corresponding ferrocenyl amines were then prepared by a reliable reduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Kleoff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Johannes Schwan
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Lisa Boeser
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Bence Hartmayer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Fabeckstr. 34/36 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Philipp Heretsch
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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14
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Yoshida K, Yasue R. <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands Having Planar Chiral Ferrocene Structure. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University
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15
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Weller S, Schlindwein SH, Feil CM, Kelemen Z, Buzsáki D, Nyulászi L, Isenberg S, Pietschnig R, Nieger M, Gudat D. A Ferrocenophane-Based Diaminophosphenium Ion. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Weller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simon H. Schlindwein
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christoph M. Feil
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Buzsáki
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefan Isenberg
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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16
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Transmetalation from Magnesium–NHCs—Convenient Synthesis of Chelating π-Acidic NHC Complexes. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7050065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of chelating N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes with considerable π-acceptor properties can be a challenging task. This is due to the dimerization of free carbene ligands, the moisture sensitivity of reaction intermediates or reagents, and challenges associated with the workup procedure. Herein, we report a general route using transmetalation from magnesium–NHCs. Notably, this route gives access to transition-metal complexes in quantitative conversion without the formation of byproducts. It therefore produces transition-metal complexes outperforming the conventional routes based on free or lithium-coordinated carbene, silver complexes, or in situ metalation in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). We therefore propose transmetalation from magnesium–NHCs as a convenient and general route to obtain NHC complexes.
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17
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Weller S, Schlindwein SH, Feil CM, Kelemen Z, Buzsáki D, Nyulászi L, Isenberg S, Pietschnig R, Nieger M, Gudat D. Controllable access to P-functional [3]ferrocenophane and [4]ferrocenophane frameworks. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6236-6247. [PMID: 30984960 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00892f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Condensation of secondary 1,1'-diaminoferrocenes with phosphorus trihalides (PCl3 or PBr3) yielded either P-halo-1,3-diaza-2-phospha[3]ferrocenophanes or 1,1'-diaminoferrocenediyl-bis(dichlorophosphines), respectively. The latter provide controlled access to both [3]- and [4]ferrocene frameworks. Thus, reductive coupling with magnesium gave diaza-diphospha[4]ferrocenophane-annelated tetraphosphetanes, while a reaction with LiNMe2 produced a P-chloro-diazaphospha[3]ferrocenophane. Condensation of diaminoferrocenes and aminodichlorophosphines were mostly unselective, but afforded in one case a 3-amino[3]ferrocenophane. All reaction products were characterised by spectroscopic and single-crystal XRD studies. DFT studies indicate that the product selectivity in the reactions studied depends on a combination of kinetic and thermodynamic effects, which correlate subtly with the steric bulk of the N-substituents. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed that the ferrocenophanes can undergo multiple oxidation events, the first of which may according to DFT studies be located in both the ferrocene and aminophosphine units. The quantum chemical studies provided also insight into stereochemical aspects like ring strain in the ferrocenophane units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Weller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
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18
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Ryu Y, Ahumada G, Bielawski CW. Redox- and light-switchable N-heterocyclic carbenes: a “soup-to-nuts” course on contemporary structure–activity relationships. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4451-4466. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00795d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This Feature Article offers in-depth, design-to-application discussions of redox-switchable N-heterocyclic carbenes that have been field tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonkyeong Ryu
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM)
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Guillermo Ahumada
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM)
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM)
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry
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19
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Yoshida K, Yasue R. Planar-Chiral Ferrocene-Based N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands. Chemistry 2018; 24:18575-18586. [PMID: 30277615 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, characterized by attractive features, have increased their presence in transition-metal catalysis. However, chiral NHC ligands still require further design enhancement to realize far more exciting synthetic applications. This review documents advances in chiral NHC ligands, focusing on planar-chiral ferrocene-based NHCs. As the basic shape of most classes of NHC rings is planar, it seems rational to employ a planar-chiral element in the design of chiral NHC ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Risa Yasue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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20
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Kargin D, Kelemen Z, Krekić K, Nyulászi L, Pietschnig R. A Stabilized Bisphosphanylsilylene and Its Heavier Congeners. Chemistry 2018; 24:16774-16778. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Kargin
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT Universität Kassel Heinrich Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT Universität Kassel Heinrich Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group. Budapest University of Technology and Economics Szent Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
- Present address: Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (C.S.I.C) Campus U.A.B. 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - Kristijan Krekić
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT Universität Kassel Heinrich Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group. Budapest University of Technology and Economics Szent Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT Universität Kassel Heinrich Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
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21
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Huynh HV. Electronic Properties of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Experimental Determination. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9457-9492. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Vinh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Munz
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Azpiroz R, Sharma P, Javier Pérez-Flores F, Gutierrez R, Espinosa-Pérez G, Lara-Ochoa F. Stable ferrocenyl-NHC Pd(II) complexes: Evidence of C-H ⋯H/π interaction and M-O bonding in solution. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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24
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N-Heterocyclic germylenes and stannylenes of the type [Fe{(η
5-C5H4)NR}2E] with bulky alkyl substituents. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2017-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The 1,1′-diaminoferrocene derivatives [Fe(η
5-C5H4–NHAd)2] (Ad=2-adamantyl) and [Fe(η
5-C5H4–NHtBu)2] were investigated in terms of their suitability for the synthesis of N-heterocyclic tetrylenes of the type [{Fe(η
5-C5H4–NR)2}E] (E=Ge, Sn). The synthesis of these target compounds was easily achieved with R=tBu, but failed with R=Ad. In the latter case, the stannylene was not sufficiently stable for isolation and decomposed to the aminoiminoferrocene derivative [Fe(η
5-C5H4–NHAd)(η
5-C5H4–N=Ad′)] (Ad′=adamant-2-ylidene). Attempts to synthesise [{Fe(η
5-C5H4–NAd)2}Ge] afforded intractable material, from which the unusual compound [μ
2-{Fe(η
5-C5H4–NAd)2}Ge2(μ
3-O)(GeCl2)] was obtained by serendipity. It contains GeO, stabilised by adduct formation with GeCl2 and the target germylene. [Fe(η
5-C5H4–NHtBu)2], [Fe(η
5-C5H4–NHAd)2], [Fe(η
5-C5H4–NHAd)(η
5-C5H4–N=Ad′)], [μ
2-{Fe(η
5-C5H4–NAd)2}Ge2(μ
3-O)(GeCl2)] and [{Fe(η
5-C5H4–NtBu)2}E] (E=Ge, Sn) were structurally characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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25
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Klenk S, Rupf S, Suntrup L, van der Meer M, Sarkar B. The Power of Ferrocene, Mesoionic Carbenes, and Gold: Redox-Switchable Catalysis. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinja Klenk
- Institut für Chemie
und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Rupf
- Institut für Chemie
und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Suntrup
- Institut für Chemie
und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Margarethe van der Meer
- Institut für Chemie
und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Chemie
und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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26
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Abstract
It is well-recognized that N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have provided a new dimension to the design of homogeneous catalysts. Part of the success of this type of ligands resides in the limitless access to a variety of topologies with tuned electronic properties, but also in the ability of a family of NHCs that are able to adapt their properties to the specific requirements of individual catalytic transformations. The term "smart" is used here to refer to switchable, multifunctional, adaptable, or tunable ligands and, in general, to all those ligands that are able to modify their steric or electronic properties to fulfill the requirements of a defined catalytic reaction. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively describe all types of smart NHC ligands by focusing attention on the catalytically relevant ligand-based reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials , Universitat Jaume I , Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n , Castellón E-12071 , Spain
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27
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Walz F, Moos E, Garnier D, Köppe R, Anson CE, Breher F. A Redox-Switchable Germylene and its Ligating Properties in Selected Transition Metal Complexes. Chemistry 2017; 23:1173-1186. [PMID: 27883244 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, and full characterization of a redox-switchable germylene based on a [3]ferrocenophane ligand arrangement, [Fc(NMes)2 Ge] (4), is presented. The mesityl (Mes)-substituted title compound is readily available from Fc(NHMes)2 (2) and Ge{N(SiMe3 )2 }2 , or from the dilithiated, highly air- and moisture-sensitive compound Fc(NLiMes)2 ⋅3 Et2 O (3) and GeCl2 . Cyclic voltammetry studies are provided for 4, confirming the above-mentioned view of a redox-switchable germylene metalloligand. Although several 1:1 RhI and IrI complexes of 4 (5-7) are cleanly formed in solution, all attempts to isolate them in pure form failed due to stability problems. However, crystalline solids of [Mo(κ1 Ge-4)2 (CO)4 ] (8) and [W(κ1 Ge-4)2 (CO)4 ] (9) were isolated and fully characterized by common spectroscopic techniques (8 by X-ray diffraction). DFT calculations were performed on a series of model compounds to elucidate a conceivable interplay between the metal atoms in neutral and cationic bimetallic complexes of the type [Rh(κ1 E-qE)(CO)2 Cl]0/+ (qE=[Fc(NPh)2 E] with E=C, Si, Ge). The bonding characteristics of the coordinated Fc-based metalloligands (qE/qE+ ) are strongly affected upon in silico oxidation of the calculated complexes. The calculated Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) significantly increases by approximately 20 cm-1 (E=C) to 25 cm-1 (E=Si, Ge) upon oxidation. The change in the ligand-donating abilities upon oxidation can mainly be attributed to Coulombic effects, whereas an orbital-based interaction appears to have only a minor influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Walz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eric Moos
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Delphine Garnier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher E Anson
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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28
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Oetzel J, Weyer N, Bruhn C, Leibold M, Gerke B, Pöttgen R, Maier M, Winter RF, Holthausen MC, Siemeling U. Redox-Active N-Heterocyclic Germylenes and Stannylenes with a Ferrocene-1,1'-diyl Backbone. Chemistry 2017; 23:1187-1199. [PMID: 27859833 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe ferrocene-based N-heterocyclic germylenes and stannylenes of the type [Fe{(η5 -C5 H4 )NR}2 E:] (1 RE; E=Ge, Sn; R=neopentyl (Np), mesityl (Mes), trimethylsilyl (TMS)), which constitute the first examples of redox-functionalised N-heterocyclic tetrylenes (NHTs). These compounds are thermally stable and were structurally characterised by means of X-ray diffraction studies, except for the neopentyl-substituted stannylene 1 NpSn, the decomposition of which afforded the aminoiminoferrocene [fc(NHCH2 tBu)(N=CHtBu)] (2) and the spiro tin(IV) compound (1 Np)2 Sn (3). DFT calculations show that the HOMO of the NHTs of our study is localised on the ferrocenylene backbone. A one-electron oxidation process affords ions of the type 1 RE+. . In contrast to the NHC system 1 RC, the localised ferrocenium-type nature of the oxidised form does not compromise the fundamental tetrylene character of 1 RE+. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Oetzel
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Nadine Weyer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Michael Leibold
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Birgit Gerke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Maier
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78453, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rainer F Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78453, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Max C Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganisch und Analytische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
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29
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Lastovickova DN, Teator AJ, Shao H, Liu P, Bielawski CW. A redox-switchable ring-closing metathesis catalyst. Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A ring-closing metathesis catalyst was arrested upon reduction of a redox-active ligand; subsequent oxidation restored catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron J. Teator
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- 1 University Station
- Austin
- USA
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM)
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry
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30
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Ibáñez S, Poyatos M, Peris E. A Ferrocenyl-Benzo-Fused Imidazolylidene Complex of Ruthenium as Redox-Switchable Catalyst for the Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones and Imines. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ibáñez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM); Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat.; E-12071- Castellón Spain
| | - Macarena Poyatos
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM); Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat.; E-12071- Castellón Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM); Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat.; E-12071- Castellón Spain
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31
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Pelties S, Carter E, Folli A, Mahon MF, Murphy DM, Whittlesey MK, Wolf R. Influence of Ring-Expanded N-Heterocyclic Carbenes on the Structures of Half-Sandwich Ni(I) Complexes: An X-ray, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), and Electron Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR) Study. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:11006-11017. [PMID: 27731984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Potassium graphite reduction of the half-sandwich Ni(II) ring-expanded diamino/diamidocarbene complexes CpNi(RE-NHC)Br gave the Ni(I) derivatives CpNi(RE-NHC) (where RE-NHC = 6-Mes (1), 7-Mes (2), 6-MesDAC (3)) in yields of 40%-50%. The electronic structures of paramagnetic 1-3 were investigated by CW X-/Q-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and Q-band 1H electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy. While small variations in the g-values were observed between the diaminocarbene complexes 1 and 2, pronounced changes in the g-values were detected between the almost isostructural species (1) and diamidocarbene species (3). These results highlight the sensitivity of the EPR g-tensor to changes in the electronic structure of the Ni(I) centers generated by incorporation of heteroatom substituents onto the backbone ring positions. Variable-temperature EPR analysis also revealed the presence of a second Ni(I) site in 3. The experimental g-values for these two Ni(I) sites detected by EPR in frozen solutions of 3 are consistent with resolution on the EPR time scale of the disordered components evident in the X-ray crystallographically determined structure and the corresponding density functional theory (DFT)-calculated g-tensor. Q-band 1H ENDOR measurements revealed a small amount of unpaired electron spin density on the Cp rings, consistent with the calculated SOMO of complexes 1-3. The magnitude of the 1H A values for 3 were also notably larger, compared to 1 and 2, again highlighting the influence of the diamidocarbene on the electronic properties of 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pelties
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Emma Carter
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University , Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Folli
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University , Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Damien M Murphy
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University , Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael K Whittlesey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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32
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Huang W, Diaconescu PL. Reactivity and Properties of Metal Complexes Enabled by Flexible and Redox-Active Ligands with a Ferrocene Backbone. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:10013-10023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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33
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Buzsáki D, Kelemen Z, Nyulászi L. Organocatalytic activity of [3]ferrocenophanes: a computational study. Struct Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-016-0787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Paul USD, Sieck C, Haehnel M, Hammond K, Marder TB, Radius U. Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene Complexes of Rhodium and Nickel and Their Steric and Electronic Parameters. Chemistry 2016; 22:11005-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula S. D. Paul
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Carolin Sieck
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Martin Haehnel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kai Hammond
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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35
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Kargin D, Kelemen Z, Krekić K, Maurer M, Bruhn C, Nyulászi L, Pietschnig R. [3]Ferrocenophanes with the bisphosphanotetryl bridge: inorganic rings on the way to tetrylenes. Dalton Trans 2015; 45:2180-9. [PMID: 26556641 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of [3]ferrocenophanes with functional P-E-P motifs (E = group 14 fragments) is reported. Out of these, the silicon compounds with the general formula Fe(C5H4PtBu)2SiXY (XY = Cl2, Br2, I2, H2, HCl) have been characterized by spectroscopic means and the bonding situation was analyzed using X-ray crystallography and quantum chemical calculations. Despite the two stereogenic phosphanyl centers, most of the [3]ferrocenophanes have been obtained as single isomers in the course of stereospecific reactions. The corresponding stannylene Fe(C5H4PtBu)2Sn has been obtained in the form of its dimeric adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Kargin
- Universität Kassel, Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
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36
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Arambula JF, McCall R, Sidoran KJ, Magda D, Mitchell NA, Bielawski CW, Lynch VM, Sessler JL, Arumugam K. Targeting Antioxidant Pathways with Ferrocenylated N-Heterocyclic Carbene Supported Gold(I) Complexes in A549 Lung Cancer Cells. Chem Sci 2015; 7:1245-1256. [PMID: 26918111 PMCID: PMC4762604 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03519h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferrocenylated-Au(i) carbenes were designed, synthesized, and studied for their ability to generate reactive oxygen species and target antioxidant pathways via multiple mechanisms.
Ferrocene containing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligated gold(i) complexes of the type [Au(NHC)2]+ were prepared and found to be capable of regulating the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via multiple mechanisms. Single crystal X-ray analysis of bis(1-(ferrocenylmethyl)-3-mesitylimidazol-2-ylidene)-gold(i) chloride (5) and bis(1,3-di(ferrocenylmethyl)imidazol-2-ylidene)-gold(i) chloride (6) revealed a quasi-linear geometry around the gold(i) centers (i.e., the C–Au–C bond angle were measured to be ∼177° and all the Au–Ccarbene bonds distances were in the range of 2.00 (7)–2.03 (1) Å). A series of cell studies indicated that cell proliferation inhibition and ROS generation were directly proportional to the amount of ferrocene contained within the [Au(NHC)2]+ complexes (IC50 of 6 < 5 < bis(1-benzyl-3-mesitylimidazol-2-ylidene)-gold(i) chloride (4)). Complexes 4–6 were also confirmed to inhibit thioredoxin reductase as inferred from lipoate reduction assays and increased chelatable intracellular zinc concentrations. RNA microarray gene expression assays revealed that 6 induces endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathways as a result of ROS increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Arambula
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, 30460, USA
| | - R McCall
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, 30460, USA
| | - K J Sidoran
- Department of Chemistry, 3261 West State Road, St. Bonaventure University, New York, 14778
| | - D Magda
- Lumiphore, Inc., Berkeley, California, 94710, USA
| | - N A Mitchell
- Department of Health Sciences, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA 17325-1400
| | - C W Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - V M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - J L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - K Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, Ohio, 45435, USA
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37
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Thie C, Bruhn C, Siemeling U. Ferrocene‐Based N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes with Functionalised Benzyl Substituents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Thie
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich‐Plett‐Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany, http://www.uni‐kassel.de/fb10/institute/chemie/fachgebiete/metallorganische‐chemie/startseite.html
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich‐Plett‐Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany, http://www.uni‐kassel.de/fb10/institute/chemie/fachgebiete/metallorganische‐chemie/startseite.html
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich‐Plett‐Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany, http://www.uni‐kassel.de/fb10/institute/chemie/fachgebiete/metallorganische‐chemie/startseite.html
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38
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Veit P, Förster C, Seibert S, Heinze K. Preparation, Properties, and Reactivity of (Aminoferrocenyl)(ferrocenyl)carbene(pentacarbonyl)chromium(0) as Bulky Isolobal Trimetallo-amide. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Petrov AR, Derheim A, Oetzel J, Leibold M, Bruhn C, Scheerer S, Oßwald S, Winter RF, Siemeling U. A Stable Planar-Chiral N-Heterocyclic Carbene with a 1,1'-Ferrocenediyl Backbone. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:6657-70. [PMID: 26098133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the stable, ferrocene-based N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) rac-[Fe{(η(5)-t-BuC5H3)NpN}2C:] (A'-Np, Np = neopentyl), which is planar-chiral due to the two tert-butyl substituents in 3,3'-positions. A'-Np was synthesized in nine steps starting from 1,1'-di-tert-butylferrocene (1), the first step being its 3,3'-dilithiation to afford rac-[Fe(η(5)-t-BuC5H3Li)2] (rac-fc'Li2, 2). The structures of rac-fc'(SiMe3)2 (3), rac-fc'Br2 (4), rac-fc'(N3)2 (5), and the immediate carbene precursor [A'-NpH]BF4 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). The chemical properties of A'-Np were found to be very similar to those of its tert-butyl-free congener A-Np, both being ambiphilic NHCs with rather high calculated HOMO energies (ca. -4.0 eV) and low singlet-triplet gaps (ca. 35 kcal/mol). A Tolman electronic parameter value of 2050 cm(-1) was derived from IR data of cis-[RhCl(A'-Np)(CO)2], indicating the high donicity of A'-Np as a ligand. Consistent with its ambiphilic nature, A'-Np was found to react readily with carbon monoxide, affording the betainic enolate (A'-Np)2CO as four stereoisomers, viz. (RpRp-A'-Np)═C(O(-))(RpRp-A'-Np(+)), (SpSp-A'-Np)═C(O(-))(SpSp-A'-Np(+)), (RpRp-A'-Np)═C(O(-))(SpSp-A'-Np(+)), and (SpSp-A'-Np)═C(O(-))(RpRp-A'-Np(+)). The former two isomers were structurally characterized as a racemic compound by single-crystal XRD. A'-Np was found to react swiftly with dichloromethane, affording the addition product A'-NpH-CHCl2 in a reaction that is unprecedented for diaminocarbenes. A-NpH-CHCl2 was obtained analogously. Both compounds were structurally characterized by single-crystal XRD. An electrochemical investigation of A'-Np by cyclic and square wave voltammetry revealed a reversible oxidation of the carbene at a half-wave potential of -0.310 vs ferrocene/ferrocenium (THF/NBu4PF6). The electrochemical data previously published for A-Np were identified to be incorrect, since unnoticed hydrolysis of the NHC had taken place, affording A-Np(H2O). The hydrolysis products of A-Np and A'-Np were found to be reversibly oxidized at half-wave potentials of -0.418 and -0.437 V, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R Petrov
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Anatoli Derheim
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Jan Oetzel
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Michael Leibold
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheerer
- ‡Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Steffen Oßwald
- ‡Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rainer F Winter
- ‡Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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40
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Takemoto S, Ohata J, Umetani K, Yamaguchi M, Matsuzaka H. A Diruthenium μ-Carbido Complex That Shows Singlet-Carbene-like Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15889-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ja509364d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Takemoto
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Jun Ohata
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kento Umetani
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuzaka
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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41
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Schulz J, Uhlík F, Speck JM, Císařová I, Lang H, Štěpnička P. Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Electrochemical Behavior of Fe–Ru Heterobimetallic Complexes with Bridged Metallocene Units. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500505n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. Matthäus Speck
- Institute
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | | | - Heinrich Lang
- Institute
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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42
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Trapp I, González-Gallardo S, Hohnstein S, Garnier D, Oña-Burgos P, Breher F. A metallacyclic alkyl-amido carbene complex (MCAAC). Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4313-9. [PMID: 24549226 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52591k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the C≡N moiety in the redox-active metalloligand [CpRu{κ(3)N(pz)-1}][PF6] (2) (1: ambidentate hybrid ligand, N≡C-C(pz)3, with pz = pyrazolyl) was observed in the reaction with [Ir(cod)Cl]2 (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene). By performing detailed NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic investigations the product was found to be a bimetallic Ru(II)-Ir(III) complex of the composition [CpRu{μ-1}Ir(cod)Cl2][PF6] (3) consisting of a chemically modified ligand 1'. Most notably, the heterobimetallic complex 3 features an unprecedented metallacyclic alkyl-amido carbene (MCAAC) core structure, which is coordinated to an Ir(III) centre. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations as well as cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies were performed in an effort to establish the formal oxidation states of the metal atoms in 3. Indeed, a quasi-reversible oxidation wave was detected at E(1/2)(0) = 0.36 V, which was attributed to the Ru(II)/Ru(III) redox couple, while two irreversible reduction processes were observed at very negative potentials and have been assigned to the stepwise reduction of Ir(III) to Ir(I). First efforts to elucidate the reaction mechanism have also been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Trapp
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Engesserstr. 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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43
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Hohloch S, Deibel N, Schweinfurth D, Frey W, Sarkar B. Structural Characterization, Solution Dynamics, and Reactivity of Palladium Complexes with Benzimidazolin- 2-ylidene N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201301339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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González-Gallardo S, Kuzu I, Oña-Burgos P, Wolfer T, Wang C, Klinkhammer KW, Klopper W, Bräse S, Breher F. Coinage Metal Complexes of Tris(pyrazolyl)methanide-Based Redox-Active Metalloligands. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om4010498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra González-Gallardo
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Istemi Kuzu
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pascual Oña-Burgos
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tanja Wolfer
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Cong Wang
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karl W. Klinkhammer
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, J. Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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45
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46
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Synthesis and reactivity of (benz)imidazol-2-ylidenes with exocyclic N-acyl or N-sulfonyl groups. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Rittinghaus S, Färber C, Bruhn C, Siemeling U. Unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic carbenes with a 1,1′-ferrocenediyl backbone. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:3508-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52669k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
N-Substituents have only a marginal influence on the electronic properties, but a strong influence on the steric properties of ferrocene-based NHC ligands, which therefore offer great potential for rational fine-tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Kassel
- 34132 Kassel, Germany
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48
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Hohloch S, Suntrup L, Sarkar B. Arene–Ruthenium(II) and −Iridium(III) Complexes with “Click”-Based Pyridyl-triazoles, Bis-triazoles, and Chelating Abnormal Carbenes: Applications in Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4009185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hohloch
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Suntrup
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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49
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César V, Misal Castro LC, Dombray T, Sortais JB, Darcel C, Labat S, Miqueu K, Sotiropoulos JM, Brousses R, Lugan N, Lavigne G. (Cyclopentadienyl)iron(II) Complexes of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Bearing a Malonate or Imidate Backbone: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Potential in Hydrosilylation. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400625q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent César
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination),
205 route de Narbonne,
31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Luis C. Misal Castro
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, “Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes”, Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry-Team “Organometallics:
Materials and Catalysis”, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes
Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Dombray
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, “Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes”, Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry-Team “Organometallics:
Materials and Catalysis”, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes
Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Sortais
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, “Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes”, Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry-Team “Organometallics:
Materials and Catalysis”, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes
Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Darcel
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, “Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes”, Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry-Team “Organometallics:
Materials and Catalysis”, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes
Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Labat
- Institut
des Sciences Analytiques
et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux
(UMR 5254), Equipe Chimie Physique, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Hélioparc,
2 Avenue du Président Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- Institut
des Sciences Analytiques
et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux
(UMR 5254), Equipe Chimie Physique, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Hélioparc,
2 Avenue du Président Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Marc Sotiropoulos
- Institut
des Sciences Analytiques
et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux
(UMR 5254), Equipe Chimie Physique, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Hélioparc,
2 Avenue du Président Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Rémy Brousses
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination),
205 route de Narbonne,
31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Noël Lugan
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination),
205 route de Narbonne,
31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Guy Lavigne
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination),
205 route de Narbonne,
31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
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50
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Arumugam K, Varnado CD, Sproules S, Lynch VM, Bielawski CW. Redox-Switchable Ring-Closing Metathesis: Catalyst Design, Synthesis, and Study. Chemistry 2013; 19:10866-75. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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