Linker-Assisted CdS-TiO2 Nanohybrids as Reusable Visible Light Photocatalysts for the Oxidative Hydroxylation of Arylboronic Acids

A variety of phenols have been obtained in aqueous media with moderate to excellent chemical yields (≤100%) by using arylboronic acids and esters as substrates, a robust CdS-TiO₂ nanohybrid as a heterogeneous photocatalyst, visible light irradiation (467 nm), and an O₂-saturated atmosphere. The nanohybrid was prepared through a linker-assisted methodology that uses mercapto alkanoic acids as the organic linkers. The nanohybrid showed improved photocatalytic activity in the hydroxylation of substituted arylboronic acids and phenyl boronic esters compared with that of pristine CdS quantum dots. The nanohybrid can be reused in up to five photocatalytic cycles with ∼90% of its outstanding activity preserved.

Autocatalytic aerobic ipso-hydroxylation of arylboronic acid with Hantzsch ester and Hantzsch pyridine

ipso-Hydroxylation of arylboronic acids with Hantzsch ester has been developed. The by-product Hantzsch pyridine was found to promote the reaction in the presence of oxygen under ambient conditions.

The graphite-catalyzed ipso-functionalization of arylboronic acids in an aqueous medium: metal-free access to phenols, anilines, nitroarenes, and haloarenes

An efficient, metal-free, and sustainable strategy has been described for the ipso-functionalization of phenylboronic acids using air as an oxidant in an aqueous medium. A range of carbon materials has been tested as carbocatalysts. To our surprise, graphite was found to be the best catalyst in terms of the turnover frequency. A broad range of valuable substituted aromatic compounds, i.e., phenols, anilines, nitroarenes, and haloarenes, has been prepared via the functionalization of the C-B bond into C-N, C-O, and many other C-X bonds. The vital role of the aromatic π-conjugation system of graphite in this protocol has been established and was observed via numerous analytic techniques. The heterogeneous nature of graphite facilitates the high recyclability of the carbocatalyst. This effective and easy system provides a multipurpose approach for the production of valuable substituted aromatic compounds without using any metals, ligands, bases, or harsh oxidants.

A scalable and green one-minute synthesis of substituted phenols

A mild, green and highly efficient protocol was developed for the synthesis of substituted phenols via ipso-hydroxylation of arylboronic acids in ethanol. The method utilizes the combination of aqueous hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant and H₂O₂/HBr as the reagent under unprecedentedly simple and convenient conditions. A wide range of arylboronic acids were smoothly transformed into substituted phenols in very good to excellent yields without chromatographic purification. The reaction is scalable up to at least 5 grams at room temperature with one-minute reaction time and can be combined in a one-pot sequence with bromination and Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling to generate more diverse, highly substituted phenols.

Aerobic photooxidative hydroxylation of boronic acids catalyzed by anthraquinone-containing polymeric photosensitizer

We report herein the synthesis of a polymeric photosensitizer and its application in aerobic photooxidative hydroxylation of boronic acids.

Trichloroacetonitrile as an efficient activating agent for the ipso-hydroxylation of arylboronic acids to phenolic compounds

An efficient and practical method for the ipso-hydroxylation of arylboronic acids was developed using TBHP and Cl₃CCN under base-free conditions with blue-LED irradiation.

A facile hydroxylation of arylboronic acids mediated by sodium ascorbate

A mild and selective method for the synthesis of phenols has been described.

Functional Short-Bite Ligands: Synthesis, Coordination Chemistry, and Applications of N-Functionalized Bis(diaryl/dialkylphosphino)amine-type Ligands

The aim of this review is to highlight how the diversity generated by N-substitution in the well-known short-bite ligand bis(diphenylphosphino)amine (DPPA) allows a fine-tuning of the ligand properties and offers a considerable scope for tailoring the properties and applications of their corresponding metal complexes. The various N-substituents include nitrogen-, oxygen-, phosphorus-, sulfur-, halogen-, and silicon-based functionalities and directly N-bound metals. Multiple DPPA-type ligands linked through an organic spacer and N-functionalized DRPA-type ligands, in which the PPh2 substituents are replaced by PR2 (R = alkyl, benzyl) groups, are also discussed. Owing to the considerable diversity of N-functionalized DPPA-type ligands available, the applications of their mono- and polynuclear metal complexes are very diverse and range from homogeneous catalysis with well-defined or in situ generated (pre)catalysts to heterogeneous catalysis and materials science. In particular, sustained interest for DPPA-type ligands has been motivated, at least in part, by their ability to promote selective ethylene tri- or tetramerization in combination with chromium. Ligands and metal complexes where the N-substituent is a pure hydrocarbon group (as opposed to N-functionalization) are outside the scope of this review. However, when possible, a comparison between the catalytic performances of N-functionalized systems with those of their N-substituted analogs will be provided.

Photocatalytic metal-organic frameworks for the aerobic oxidation of arylboronic acids

A photocatalytic Ru complex was incorporated into a Zr(iv)-based metal-organic framework (MOF) via postsynthetic methods. The resulting UiO-67-Ru(bpy)3 shows efficient and recyclable catalytic activity for the aerobic oxidation of arylboronic acids under near-UV and visible light irradiation.

Biosynthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of an Ag/zeolite nanocomposite for base- and ligand-free oxidative hydroxylation of phenylboronic acid and reduction of a variety of dyes at room temperature

A green synthesis of an Ag/zeolite nanocomposite and its catalytic activity were investigated. Its catalytic efficiency remains unaltered even after several repeated cycles.

Photocatalytic hydroxylation of arylboronic acids using continuous flow reactors

Photocatalytic oxidation of mono- and di-substituted arylboronic acids to phenols has been investigated in a continuous flow LED photoreactor. In EtOH–H₂O, conversion was accelerated at 2 MPa; whereas reactions at 0.1 MPa led to 64% desymmetrisation.

A survey of pendant donor-functionalised (N,O) phosphine ligands for Cr-catalysed ethylene tri- and tetramerisation

Selected phosphine-based ligands plus chromium have been found to be promising candidates for MAO-free trimerisation and tetramerisation of ethylene.

Unexpected hydrazine hydrate-mediated aerobic oxidation of aryl/ heteroaryl boronic acids to phenols in ambient air

A general sub-stoichimetric hydrazine hydrate-mediated aerobic oxidative ipso-hydroxylation of aryl/heteroaryl boronic acids to phenols.

Mild and rapid hydroxylation of aryl/heteroaryl boronic acids and boronate esters with N-oxides

Aryl and heteroaryl boronic acids and boronate esters are rapidly, often within minutes, transformed into the corresponding phenols by N-oxides in an open flask at ambient temperature. This transformation has broad compatibility with a variety of functional groups.