1
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Bordoni S, Tarroni R, Monari M, Cerini S, Battaglia F, Micheletti G, Boga C, Drius G. Ru-Controlled Thymine Tautomerization Frozen by a k 1(O)-, k 2(N,O)-Metallacycle: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28103983. [PMID: 37241724 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28103983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The reaction of mer-(Ru(H)2(CO)(PPh3)3) (1) with one equivalent of thymine acetic acid (THAcH) unexpectedly produces the macrocyclic dimer k1(O), k2(N,O)-(Ru(CO)(PPh3)2THAc)2 (4) and, concomitantly, the doubly coordinated species k1(O), k2(O,O)-(Ru(CO)(PPh3)2THAc) (5). The reaction promptly forms a complicated mixture of Ru-coordinated mononuclear species. With the aim of shedding some light in this context, two plausible reaction paths were proposed by attributing the isolated or spectroscopically intercepted intermediates on the basis of DFT-calculated energetic considerations. The cleavage of the sterically demanding equatorial phosphine in the mer-species releases enough energy to enable self-aggregation, producing the stable, symmetric 14-membered binuclear macrocycle of 4. The k1-acetate iminol (C=N-OH) unit of the mer-tautomer k1(O)-(Ru(CO)(PPh3)2(THAc)) (2) likely exhibits a stronger nucleophilic aptitude than the prevalent N(H)-C(O) amido species, thus accomplishing extra stabilization through concomitant k2(N,O)-thymine heteroleptic side-chelation. Furthermore, both the ESI-Ms and IR simulation spectra validated the related dimeric arrangement in solution, in agreement with the X-ray determination of the structure. The latter showed tautomerization to the iminol form. The 1H NMR spectra in chlorinated solvents of the kinetic mixture showed the simultaneous presence of 4 and the doubly coordinated 5, in rather similar amounts. THAcH added in excess preferentially reacts with 2 or trans-k2(O,O)-(RuH(CO)(PPh3)2THAc) (3) rather than attacking the starting Complex 1, promptly forming the species of 5. The proposed reaction paths were inferred by spectroscopically monitoring the intermediate species, for which the results were strongly dependent on the of conditions the reaction (stoichiometry, solvent polarity, time, and the concentration of the mixture). The selected mechanism proved to be more reliable, due to the final dimeric product stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bordoni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI SDV), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Tarroni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Magda Monari
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Cerini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Battaglia
- Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Micheletti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Boga
- Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Drius
- Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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2
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Ruthenium(II) complexes bearing bidentate acylthiourea ligands for direct oxidation of amine α-carbon to amide. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Tse SKS, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Jia G. Vinylidene, allenylidene, cyclic oxycarbene, and η 2-alkyne complexes from reactions of (η 5-C 5Me 5)OsCl(PPh 3) 2 with alkynes and alkynols. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of Cp*OsCl(PPh3)2 (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) with alkynes and alkynols are described. Treatment of Cp*OsCl(PPh3)2 with phenylacetylene and trimethylsilylacetylene gave the vinylidene complexes Cp*OsCl(=C=CHPh)(PPh3) and Cp*OsCl(=C=CH2)(PPh3), respectively. Treatment of Cp*OsCl(PPh3)2 with the internal alkyne dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate produced the η2-alkyne complex Cp*OsCl(η2-MeO2C≡CCO2Me)(PPh3). Treatment of Cp*OsCl(PPh3)2 with the propargylic alcohol HC≡CC(OH)Ph2 gave the osmium allenylidene complex Cp*OsCl(=C = C=CPh2)(PPh3). The outcomes of the reactions of Cp*OsCl(PPh3)2 with ω-alkynols HC≡C(CH2)nOH are dependent on the length of the -(CH2)n- linker. The reaction with 3-butyn-1-ol produced the cyclic oxycarbene complex Cp*OsCl{=C(CH2)3O}(PPh3) exclusively. The reactions with 4-pentyn-1-ol produced a mixture of the hydroxyalkyl vinylidene complex Cp*OsCl{=C=CH(CH2)3OH}(PPh3) and the cyclic oxycarbene complex Cp*OsCl{=C(CH2)4O}(PPh3) in about 10:1 molar ratio. The reaction with 5-hexyn-1-ol gave exclusively the hydroxyalkyl vinylidene complex Cp*OsCl{=C=CH(CH2)4OH}(PPh3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Kai San Tse
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Herman Ho-Yung Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ian Duncan Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Guochen Jia
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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4
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Hammarback LA, Aucott BJ, Bray JTW, Clark IP, Towrie M, Robinson A, Fairlamb IJS, Lynam JM. Direct Observation of the Microscopic Reverse of the Ubiquitous Concerted Metalation Deprotonation Step in C-H Bond Activation Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1356-1364. [PMID: 33428402 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability of carboxylate groups to promote the direct functionalization of C-H bonds in organic compounds is unquestionably one of the most important discoveries in modern chemical synthesis. Extensive computational studies have indicated that this process proceeds through the deprotonation of a metal-coordinated C-H bond by the basic carboxylate, yet experimental validation of these predicted mechanistic pathways is limited and fraught with difficulty, mainly as rapid proton transfer is frequently obscured in ensemble measures in multistep reactions (i.e., a catalytic cycle consisting of several steps). In this paper, we describe a strategy to experimentally observe the microscopic reverse of the key C-H bond activation step underpinning functionalization processes (viz. M-C bond protonation). This has been achieved by utilizing photochemical activation of the thermally robust precursor [Mn(ppy)(CO)4] (ppy = metalated 2-phenylpyridine) in neat acetic acid. Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy on the picosecond-millisecond time scale allows direct observation of the states involved in the proton transfer from the acetic acid to the cyclometalated ligand, providing direct experimental evidence for the computationally predicted reaction pathways. The power of this approach to probe the mechanistic pathways in transition-metal-catalyzed reactions is demonstrated through experiments performed in toluene solution in the presence of PhC2H and HOAc. These allowed for the observation of sequential displacement of the metal-bound solvent by the alkyne, C-C bond formation though insertion in the Mn-C bond, and a slower protonation step by HOAc to generate the product of a Mn(I)-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin J Aucott
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Joshua T W Bray
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Ian P Clark
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Alan Robinson
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Breitenloh 5, Münchwilen 433, Switzerland
| | - Ian J S Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Jason M Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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5
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Ballico M, Zuccaccia D, Figliolia R, Baratta W. Bulky Diphosphine Acetate Ruthenium Complexes: Synthesis and Catalytic Activity in Ketone Transfer Hydrogenation and Alkyne Dimerization. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Ballico
- Dipartimento DI4A, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento DI4A, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Rosario Figliolia
- Dipartimento DI4A, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Walter Baratta
- Dipartimento DI4A, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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6
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Triphosphines-containing ruthenium-acetato complexes: Synthesis, characterization, DFT, mer/fac isomerization and formic acid dehydrogenation. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Cai T, Yang Y, Li WW, Qin WB, Wen TB. Efficient endo
Cycloisomerization of Terminal Alkynols Catalyzed by a New Ruthenium Complex with 8-(Diphenylphosphino)quinoline Ligand and Mechanistic Investigation. Chemistry 2018; 24:1606-1618. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen, Fujian 361005 P.R. China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen, Fujian 361005 P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen, Fujian 361005 P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bing Qin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen, Fujian 361005 P.R. China
| | - Ting-Bin Wen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen, Fujian 361005 P.R. China
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8
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Salvio R, Juliá-Hernández F, Pisciottani L, Mendoza-Meroño R, García-Granda S, Bassetti M. Kinetics and Mechanistic Insights into the Acetate-Assisted Dimerization of Terminal Alkynes under Ruthenium- and Acid-Promoted (RAP) Catalysis. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Salvio
- Istituto
di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC) del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
(CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francisco Juliá-Hernández
- Istituto
di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC) del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
(CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Pisciottani
- Istituto
di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC) del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
(CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Rafael Mendoza-Meroño
- Departamento
de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Santiago García-Granda
- Departamento
de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mauro Bassetti
- Istituto
di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC) del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
(CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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9
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da Silva JP, Fagundes FD, Back DF, Ellena J, James BR, de Araujo MP. Studies on the Ru(II) monocationic complexes [RuCl2(NO)(P–N)(PR3)]PF6, where P–N =o-diphenylphosphino-N,N-dimethylaniline, and R = Ph and p-X-C6H4 (X = OMe, Me, F). Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Smith EJ, Pridmore NE, Whitwood AC, Lynam JM. Synthesis of Phosphonium-Substituted Vinylidene Complexes from [HC≡CCH2PPh3]+: Exploring the Competition between Allene and Vinylidene Formation. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5010429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K
| | | | - Adrian C. Whitwood
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K
| | - Jason M. Lynam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K
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11
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2012. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Pickup OJS, Khazal I, Smith EJ, Whitwood AC, Lynam JM, Bolaky K, King TC, Rawe BW, Fey N. Computational Discovery of Stable Transition-Metal Vinylidene Complexes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500114u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iman Khazal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K
| | - Elizabeth J. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K
| | - Adrian C. Whitwood
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K
| | - Jason M. Lynam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K
| | - Keshan Bolaky
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Timothy C. King
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Benjamin W. Rawe
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Natalie Fey
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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13
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Breit B, Gellrich U, Li T, Lynam JM, Milner LM, Pridmore NE, Slattery JM, Whitwood AC. Mechanistic insight into the ruthenium-catalysed anti-Markovnikov hydration of alkynes using a self-assembled complex: a crucial role for ligand-assisted proton shuttle processes. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:11277-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00712c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A combined computational and experimental study into the mechanism of the anti-Markovnikov hydration of phenylacetylene by a self-assembled ligand complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Biochemie
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg i. Brsg., Germany
| | - Urs Gellrich
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Biochemie
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg i. Brsg., Germany
| | - Timothy Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- York, UK
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14
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Smith EJ, Johnson DG, Thatcher RJ, Whitwood AC, Lynam JM. Mapping the Elimination of Water from Hydroxyvinylidene Complexes of Ruthenium(II): Access to Allenylidene and Vinylvinylidene Complexes in a Stepwise Fashion. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4009247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10
5DD, United Kingdom
| | - David G. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10
5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Thatcher
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10
5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian C. Whitwood
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10
5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Jason M. Lynam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10
5DD, United Kingdom
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15
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Cristóbal C, Hernández YA, López-Serrano J, Paneque M, Petronilho A, Poveda ML, Salazar V, Vattier F, Álvarez E, Maya C, Carmona E. Reactivity studies of iridium pyridylidenes [Tp(Me2)Ir(C(6)H(5))(2)(C(CH)(3)C(R)NH] (R=H, Me, Ph). Chemistry 2013; 19:4003-20. [PMID: 23401098 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of a series of iridiumpyridylidene complexes with the formula [Tp(Me2) Ir(C6 H5 )2 (C(CH)3 C(R)NH] (1 a-1 c) towards a variety of substrates, from small molecules, such as H2 , O2 , carbon oxides, and formaldehyde, to alkenes and alkynes, is described. Most of the observed reactivity is best explained by invoking 16 e(-) unsaturated [Tp(Me2) Ir(phenyl)(pyridyl)] intermediates, which behave as internal frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). H2 is heterolytically split to give hydridepyridylidene complexes, whilst CO, CO2 , and H2 CO provide carbonyl, carbonate, and alkoxide species, respectively. Ethylene and propene form five-membered metallacycles with an IrCH2 CH(R)N (R=H, Me) motif, whereas, in contrast, acetylene affords four-membered iridacycles with the IrC(CH2 )N moiety. C6 H5 (CO)H and C6 H5 CCH react with formation of IrC6 H5 and IrCCPh bonds and the concomitant elimination of a molecule of pyridine and benzene, respectively. Finally the reactivity of compounds 1 a-1 c against O2 is described. Density functional theory calculations that provide theoretical support for these experimental observations are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispín Cristóbal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) and Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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16
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Batuecas M, Esteruelas MA, Garcı́a-Yebra C, Oñate E. Osmium-Centered Oxetylidene: Formation and Cleavage. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3011323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Batuecas
- Departamento de
Quı́mica Inorgánica-Instituto de Sı́ntesis
Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009
Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de
Quı́mica Inorgánica-Instituto de Sı́ntesis
Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009
Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Garcı́a-Yebra
- Departamento de
Quı́mica Inorgánica-Instituto de Sı́ntesis
Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009
Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de
Quı́mica Inorgánica-Instituto de Sı́ntesis
Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009
Zaragoza, Spain
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