1
|
Liu X, Zhang H, Liu C, Wang Z, Zhang X, Yu H, Zhao Y, Li MJ, Li Y, He YL, He G. Commercializable Naphthalene Diimide Anolytes for Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202405427. [PMID: 38603586 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) hold the potential to facilitate the transition of renewable energy sources from auxiliary to primary energy, the commercial production of anolyte materials still suffers from insufficient performance of high-concentration and the high cost of the preparation problem. To overcome these challenges, this study provides a hydrothermal synthesis methodology and introduces the charged functional groups into hydrophobic naphthalene diimide cores, and prepares a series of high-performance naphthalene diimide anolytes. Under the synergistic effect of π-π stacking and H-bonding networks, the naphthalene diimide exhibits excellent structural stability and the highest water solubility (1.85 M for dex-NDI) reported to date. By employing the hydrothermal method, low-cost naphthalene diimides are successfully synthesized on a hundred-gram scale of $0.16 g-1 ($2.43 Ah-1), which is also the lowest price reported to date. The constructed full battery achieves a high electron concentration of 2.4 M, a high capacity of 54.4 Ah L-1, and a power density of 318 mW cm-2 with no significant capacity decay observed during long-duration cycling. These findings provide crucial support for the commercialization of AORFBs and pave the way for revolutionary developments in neutral AORFBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, CHINA
| | - Heng Zhang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, CHINA
| | - Chenjing Liu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, CHINA
| | - Zengrong Wang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, CHINA
| | - Xuri Zhang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, CHINA
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, CHINA
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, CHINA
| | - Ming-Jia Li
- Beijing University of Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yinshi Li
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Energy and Power Engineering, CHINA
| | - Ya-Ling He
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Energy and Power Engineering, CHINA
| | - Gang He
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, No 99, Yanxiang Road, 710054, Xi'an, CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bordoni S, Tarroni R, Monari M, Cerini S, Battaglia F, Micheletti G, Boga C, Drius G. Ru-Controlled Thymine Tautomerization Frozen by a k 1(O)-, k 2(N,O)-Metallacycle: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28103983. [PMID: 37241724 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28103983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The reaction of mer-(Ru(H)2(CO)(PPh3)3) (1) with one equivalent of thymine acetic acid (THAcH) unexpectedly produces the macrocyclic dimer k1(O), k2(N,O)-(Ru(CO)(PPh3)2THAc)2 (4) and, concomitantly, the doubly coordinated species k1(O), k2(O,O)-(Ru(CO)(PPh3)2THAc) (5). The reaction promptly forms a complicated mixture of Ru-coordinated mononuclear species. With the aim of shedding some light in this context, two plausible reaction paths were proposed by attributing the isolated or spectroscopically intercepted intermediates on the basis of DFT-calculated energetic considerations. The cleavage of the sterically demanding equatorial phosphine in the mer-species releases enough energy to enable self-aggregation, producing the stable, symmetric 14-membered binuclear macrocycle of 4. The k1-acetate iminol (C=N-OH) unit of the mer-tautomer k1(O)-(Ru(CO)(PPh3)2(THAc)) (2) likely exhibits a stronger nucleophilic aptitude than the prevalent N(H)-C(O) amido species, thus accomplishing extra stabilization through concomitant k2(N,O)-thymine heteroleptic side-chelation. Furthermore, both the ESI-Ms and IR simulation spectra validated the related dimeric arrangement in solution, in agreement with the X-ray determination of the structure. The latter showed tautomerization to the iminol form. The 1H NMR spectra in chlorinated solvents of the kinetic mixture showed the simultaneous presence of 4 and the doubly coordinated 5, in rather similar amounts. THAcH added in excess preferentially reacts with 2 or trans-k2(O,O)-(RuH(CO)(PPh3)2THAc) (3) rather than attacking the starting Complex 1, promptly forming the species of 5. The proposed reaction paths were inferred by spectroscopically monitoring the intermediate species, for which the results were strongly dependent on the of conditions the reaction (stoichiometry, solvent polarity, time, and the concentration of the mixture). The selected mechanism proved to be more reliable, due to the final dimeric product stereochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bordoni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI SDV), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Tarroni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Magda Monari
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Cerini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Battaglia
- Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Micheletti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Boga
- Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Drius
- Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu X, Zhao X, Lv X, Wu YB, Bu Y, Lu G. Ab Initio Metadynamics Simulations of Hexafluoroisopropanol Solvent Effects: Synergistic Role of Solvent H-Bonding Networks and Solvent-Solute C-H/π Interactions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203879. [PMID: 36575142 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The solvent effects in Friedel-Crafts cycloalkylation of epoxides and Cope rearrangement of aldimines were investigated by using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Explicit molecular treatments were applied for both reactants and solvents. The reaction mechanisms were elucidated via free energy calculations based on metadynamics simulations. The results reveal that both reactions proceed in a concerted fashion. Key solvent-substrate interactions are identified from the structures of transition states with explicit solvent molecules. The remarkable promotion effect of hexafluoroisopropanol solvent is ascribed to the synergistic effect of H-bonding networks and C-H/π interactions with substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiangying Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- Key Lab for Materials of Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, and Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hofbauer S, Howes BD, Flego N, Pirker KF, Schaffner I, Mlynek G, Djinović-Carugo K, Furtmüller PG, Smulevich G, Obinger C. From chlorite dismutase towards HemQ - the role of the proximal H-bonding network in haeme binding. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:e00312. [PMID: 26858461 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20150330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorite dismutase (Cld) and HemQ are structurally and phylogenetically closely related haeme enzymes differing fundamentally in their enzymatic properties. Clds are able to convert chlorite into chloride and dioxygen, whereas HemQ is proposed to be involved in the haeme b synthesis of Gram-positive bacteria. A striking difference between these protein families concerns the proximal haeme cavity architecture. The pronounced H-bonding network in Cld, which includes the proximal ligand histidine and fully conserved glutamate and lysine residues, is missing in HemQ. In order to understand the functional consequences of this clearly evident difference, specific hydrogen bonds in Cld from 'Candidatus Nitrospira defluvii' (NdCld) were disrupted by mutagenesis. The resulting variants (E210A and K141E) were analysed by a broad set of spectroscopic (UV-vis, EPR and resonance Raman), calorimetric and kinetic methods. It is demonstrated that the haeme cavity architecture in these protein families is very susceptible to modification at the proximal site. The observed consequences of such structural variations include a significant decrease in thermal stability and also affinity between haeme b and the protein, a partial collapse of the distal cavity accompanied by an increased percentage of low-spin state for the E210A variant, lowered enzymatic activity concomitant with higher susceptibility to self-inactivation. The high-spin (HS) ligand fluoride is shown to exhibit a stabilizing effect and partially restore wild-type Cld structure and function. The data are discussed with respect to known structure-function relationships of Clds and the proposed function of HemQ as a coprohaeme decarboxylase in the last step of haeme biosynthesis in Firmicutes and Actinobacteria.
Collapse
|