1
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Segato J, Aneggi E, Baratta W, Campagnolo F, Belpassi L, Belanzoni P, Zuccaccia D. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Ion Pairing in Gold(III) Catalysts. Organometallics 2023; 42:2973-2982. [PMID: 37886625 PMCID: PMC10599130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The ion pairing structure of the possible species present in solution during the gold(III)-catalyzed hydration of alkynes: [(ppy)Au(NHC)Y]X2 and [(ppy)Au(NHC)X]X [ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, NHC = NHCiPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene; NHC = NHCmes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene X = Cl-, BF4-, OTf-; Y = H2O and 3-hexyne] are determined. The nuclear overhauser effect nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experimental measurements integrated with a theoretical description of the system (full optimization of different ion pairs and calculation of the Coulomb potential surface) indicate that the preferential position of the counterion is tunable through the choice of the ancillary ligands (NHCiPr, NHCmes, ppy, and Y) in [(ppy)Au(NHC)(3-hexyne)]X2 activated complexes that undergo nucleophilic attack. The counterion can approach near NHC, pyridine ring of ppy, and gold atom. From these positions, the anion can act as a template, holding water in the right position for the outer-sphere attack, as observed in gold(I) catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Segato
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aneggi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Walter Baratta
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Filippo Campagnolo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università
degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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2
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Gao P, Szostak M. Hydration Reactions Catalyzed by Transition Metal-NHC (NHC = N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2023; 485:215110. [PMID: 37064328 PMCID: PMC10104449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic addition of water to unsaturated C-C or C-N π bonds represent one of the most important and environmentally sustainable methods to form C-O bonds for the production of synthetic intermediates, medicinal agents and natural products. The traditional acid-catalyzed hydration of unsaturated compounds typically requires strong acids or toxic mercury salts, which limits practical applications and presents safety and environmental concerns. Today, transition-metal-catalyzed hydration supported by NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) ligands has attracted major attention. By rational design of ligands, choice of metals and counterions as well as mechanistic studies and the development of heterogeneous systems, major progress has been achieved for a broad range of hydration processes. In particular, the combination of NHC ligands with gold shows excellent reactivity compared with other catalytic systems; however, other systems based on silver, ruthenium, osmium, platinum, rhodium and nickel have also been discovered. Ancillary NHC ligands provide stabilization of transition metals and ensure high catalytic activity in hydration owing to their unique electronic and steric properties. NHC-Au(I) complexes are particularly favored for hydration of unsaturated hydrocarbons due to soft and carbophilic properties of gold. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of hydration reactions catalyzed by transition metal-NHC complexes and their applications in catalytic hydration of different classes of π-substrates with a focus on the role of NHC ligands, types of metals and counterions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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3
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Experimental and theoretical investigation of the cycloisomerization of N-propargylcarboxamide catalyzed by NHC-Au-X in green solvents. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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4
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Sorbelli D, Segato J, Del Zotto A, Belpassi L, Zuccaccia D, Belanzoni P. The mechanism of the gold(I)-catalyzed Meyer-Schuster rearrangement of 1-phenyl-2-propyn-1-ol via 4- endo-dig cyclization. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5154-5160. [PMID: 33710232 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00080b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of rationalizing the experimental counterion- and solvent-dependent reactivity in the gold(i)-catalyzed Meyer-Schuster rearrangement of 1-phenyl-2-propyn-1-ol, a computational mechanistic study unraveled the unexpected formation of a gold-oxetene intermediate via commonly unfavorable 4-endo-dig cyclization triggered by the counterion in low polarity solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sorbelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Segato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Del Zotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta" of CNR (CNR-SCITEC), c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy. and Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta" of CNR (CNR-SCITEC), c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
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5
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Lu Z, Li T, Mudshinge SR, Xu B, Hammond GB. Optimization of Catalysts and Conditions in Gold(I) Catalysis—Counterion and Additive Effects. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8452-8477. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Sagar R. Mudshinge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gerald B. Hammond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
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6
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Durmuş B, Tunalı Z, Öztürk BÖ. A non-ionic surfactant based catalyst tablet: a reusable gold–NHC catalyst system for alkyne hydration reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00540e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the encapsulation of IPrAuCl (Au-1) in Synperonic®F108 (Syn), acting as both a catalyst tablet medium and surfactant for dispersion of hydrophobic alkyne substrates and gold–NHC complexes in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Durmuş
- Hacettepe University
- Faculty of Science
- Chemistry Department
- Turkey
| | - Zeynep Tunalı
- Hacettepe University
- Faculty of Science
- Chemistry Department
- Turkey
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7
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Marsicano V, Arcadi A, Aschi M, Michelet V. Experimental and computational evidence on gold-catalyzed regioselective hydration of phthalimido-protected propargylamines: an entry to β-amino ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9438-9447. [PMID: 33057554 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01598a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The results of our investigations on the Au-catalyzed regioselective hydration reaction of both alkyl- and aryl-substituted N-propargyl phthalimides directed to the selective formation of the corresponding β-phthalimido ketones are described. Experimental data, in particular the observed regioselectivity, have been qualitatively supported by quantum-chemical calculations carried out on model systems in the framework of Density Functional Theory (DFT) followed by quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIMS). Our results suggest that the electronic features of the initial adduct between the propargyl triple bond and the Au(i) catalyst, in particular the character of the gold-triple bond interaction, are essential for the observed regioselectivity. Other effects, such as the presence of the solvent and the formation of a H-bond between the water molecule and the phthalimido moiety, although apparently irrelevant for the regioselectivity, have proven to be kinetically and catalytically rather important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Marsicano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche Università degli Studi di L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito (AQ), Italy.
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8
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Oberhauser W. Monophosphite coordination and hydrolysis by Pt(II) bearing 1,1′-bis(di(o-methoxyphenyl)phosphanyl)ferrocene. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Öztürk BÖ, Çetinel B, Karabulut Şehitoğlu S. Encapsulation of
N
‐heterocyclic carbene–gold (I) catalysts within magnetic core/shell silica gels: A reusable alkyne hydration catalyst. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bengi Özgün Öztürk
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry DepartmentHacettepe University Beytepe‐Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - Begüm Çetinel
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry DepartmentHacettepe University Beytepe‐Ankara 06800 Turkey
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10
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Heidrich M, Plenio H. Efficient [(NHC)Au(NTf 2)]-catalyzed hydrohydrazidation of terminal and internal alkynes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2080-2086. [PMID: 32952724 PMCID: PMC7476583 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient hydrohydrazidation of terminal (6a–r, 18 examples, 0.1–0.2 mol % [(NHC)Au(NTf2)], T = 60 °C) and internal alkynes (7a–j, 10 examples, 0.2–0.5 mol % [(NHC)Au(NTf2)], T = 60–80 °C) utilizing a complex with a sterically demanding bispentiptycenyl-substituted NHC ligand and the benign reaction solvent anisole, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian Heidrich
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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11
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Segato J, Del Zotto A, Belpassi L, Belanzoni P, Zuccaccia D. Hydration of alkynes catalyzed by [Au(X)(L)(ppy)]X in the green solvent γ-valerolactone under acid-free conditions: the importance of the pre-equilibrium step. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01343a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Stable and robust [Au(H2O)(NHC)(ppy)](X)2 successfully catalyses the hydration of alkynes in GVL, under acid-free conditions. DFT calculation and NMR measurements suggest that pre-equilibrium is the key step of the whole process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Segato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali
- Sezione di Chimica
- Università di Udine
- I-33100 Udine
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Zotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali
- Sezione di Chimica
- Università di Udine
- I-33100 Udine
- Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali
- Sezione di Chimica
- Università di Udine
- I-33100 Udine
- Italy
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12
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Zaccaria F, Sian L, Zuccaccia C, Macchioni A. Ion pairing in transition metal catalyzed olefin polymerization. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Sian L, Macchioni A, Zuccaccia C. Understanding the Role of Metallocenium Ion-Pair Aggregates on the Rate of Olefin Insertion into the Metal–Carbon Bond. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Sian
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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14
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De Santis M, Rampino S, Storchi L, Belpassi L, Tarantelli F. The Chemical Bond and s–d Hybridization in Coinage Metal(I) Cyanides. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:11716-11729. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo De Santis
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sergio Rampino
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Loriano Storchi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi “G. D’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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15
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Gasperini D, Greenhalgh MD, Imad R, Siddiqui S, Malik A, Arshad F, Choudhary MI, Al-Majid AM, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Nolan SP, Smith AD. Chiral Au I - and Au III -Isothiourea Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Application. Chemistry 2019; 25:1064-1075. [PMID: 30357947 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During an investigation into the potential union of Lewis basic isothiourea organocatalysis and gold catalysis, the formation of gold-isothiourea complexes was observed. These novel gold complexes were formed in high yield and were found to be air- and moisture stable. A series of neutral and cationic chiral gold(I) and gold(III) complexes bearing enantiopure isothiourea ligands was therefore synthesized and fully characterized. The steric and electronic properties of the isothiourea ligands was assessed through calculation of their percent buried volume and the synthesis and analysis of novel iridium(I)-isothiourea carbonyl complexes. The novel gold(I)- and gold(III)-isothiourea complexes have been applied in preliminary catalytic and biological studies, and display promising preliminary levels of catalytic activity and potency towards cancerous cell lines and clinically relevant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Gasperini
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Mark D Greenhalgh
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Rehan Imad
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shezaib Siddiqui
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Anum Malik
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Fizza Arshad
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Majid
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Chemistry Department, College of Science, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
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16
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Bárta O, Císařová I, Schulz J, Štěpnička P. Assessing the influence of phosphine substituents on the catalytic properties of self-stabilised digold(i) complexes with supporting ferrocene phosphinonitrile ligands. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02555c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dimeric Au(i) complexes with phosphinonitrile ligands remain highly catalytically active at low catalyst loadings thanks to self-stabilisation by dimerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Bárta
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- 128 40 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- 128 40 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Schulz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- 128 40 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpnička
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- 128 40 Prague
- Czech Republic
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17
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Couce-Rios A, Lledós A, Fernández I, Ujaque G. Origin of the Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination of Alkenes Catalyzed by L–Au(I) Complexes: Coordination Mode Determines Regioselectivity. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Couce-Rios
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Gregori Ujaque
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia 08193, Spain
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18
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Gatto M, Del Zotto A, Segato J, Zuccaccia D. Hydration of Alkynes Catalyzed by L–Au–X under Solvent- and Acid-Free Conditions: New Insights into an Efficient, General, and Green Methodology. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Gatto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Zotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Jacopo Segato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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19
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Moreno‐Alcántar G, Hernández‐Toledo H, Guevara‐Vela JM, Rocha‐Rinza T, Martín Pendás Á, Flores‐Álamo M, Torrens H. Stability and
trans
Influence in Fluorinated Gold(I) Coordination Compounds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Moreno‐Alcántar
- Faculty of Chemistry Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Coyoacán México
| | - Hugo Hernández‐Toledo
- Faculty of Chemistry Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Coyoacán México
| | - José Manuel Guevara‐Vela
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry Universidad de Oviedo Julián Clavería 8 E‐33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Tomás Rocha‐Rinza
- Institute of Chemistry Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Coyoacán México
| | - Ángel Martín Pendás
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry Universidad de Oviedo Julián Clavería 8 E‐33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Marcos Flores‐Álamo
- Faculty of Chemistry Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Coyoacán México
| | - Hugo Torrens
- Faculty of Chemistry Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Coyoacán México
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20
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Kim H, Choi SY, Shin S. Asymmetric Synthesis of Dihydropyranones via Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular [4+2] Annulation of Propiolates and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13130-13134. [PMID: 30129705 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanbyul Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS)Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Su Yeon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS)Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Seunghoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS)Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Korea
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21
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Kim H, Choi SY, Shin S. Asymmetric Synthesis of Dihydropyranones via Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular [4+2] Annulation of Propiolates and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanbyul Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS)Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Su Yeon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS)Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Seunghoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS)Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Korea
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22
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Harris RJ, Carden RG, Duncan AN, Widenhoefer RA. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Gold-Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroalkoxylation of Allenes with Alcohols. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science
Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Robert G. Carden
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science
Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Alethea N. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science
Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ross A. Widenhoefer
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science
Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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23
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Carreras J, Pereira A, Zanini M, Echavarren AM. Variations on the Theme of JohnPhos Gold(I) Catalysts: Arsine and Carbene Complexes with Similar Architectures. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Carreras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ana Pereira
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Margherita Zanini
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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24
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Ube H, Zhang Q, Shionoya M. A Carbon-Centered Hexagold(I) Cluster Supported by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ube
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-003, Japan
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-003, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Shionoya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-003, Japan
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25
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Relativistic quantum chemistry involving heavy atoms. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-018-0706-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Nunzi F, Cesario D, Pirani F, Belpassi L, Tarantelli F. Modelling Charge Transfer in Weak Chemical Bonds: Insights from the Chemistry of Helium. Chemphyschem 2018. [PMID: 29537704 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We studied the nature of the interaction of the weakly bound Be-He adduct by means of an integrated theoretical approach based on high-level quantum chemical calculations for the characterization of the potential energy surfaces and charge displaced upon adduct formation, together with the development of a semi-empirical analytical formulation of the interaction potential. Our results show that Be is able to form a stable adduct with He when the Be(1 D) (1s2 2s2 →1s2 2s0 2p2 ) excited state is involved, with a binding energy of as much as 10.2 kcal/mol, an astonishingly large value for He in neutral systems. The analysis of the leading interaction components in the Be*-He adduct proves the relevance of the charge transfer to the overall stability, which contributes to decreasing the intermolecular distance, thus strengthening the induction-energy component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nunzi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy.,Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (ISTM-CNR), via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy.,Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Diego Cesario
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fernando Pirani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (ISTM-CNR), via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy.,Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy.,Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (ISTM-CNR), via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy.,Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
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27
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De Santis M, Rampino S, Quiney HM, Belpassi L, Storchi L. Charge-Displacement Analysis via Natural Orbitals for Chemical Valence in the Four-Component Relativistic Framework. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:1286-1296. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo De Santis
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sergio Rampino
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Harry M. Quiney
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Loriano Storchi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi ‘G. D’Annunzio’, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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28
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Gentleman AS, Green AE, Price DR, Cunningham EM, Iskra A, Mackenzie SR. Infrared Spectroscopy of Au +(CH 4) n Complexes and Vibrationally-Enhanced C-H Activation Reactions. Top Catal 2017; 61:81-91. [PMID: 31258301 PMCID: PMC6560929 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-017-0868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A combined spectroscopic and computational study of gas-phase Au+(CH4)n (n = 3–8) complexes reveals a strongly-bound linear Au+(CH4)2 core structure to which up to four additional ligands bind in a secondary coordination shell. Infrared resonance-enhanced photodissociation spectroscopy in the region of the CH4a1 and t2 fundamental transitions reveals essentially free internal rotation of the core ligands about the H4C–Au+–CH4 axis, with sharp spectral features assigned by comparison with spectral simulations based on density functional theory. In separate experiments, vibrationally-enhanced dehydrogenation is observed when the t2 vibrational normal mode in methane is excited prior to complexation. Clear infrared-induced enhancement is observed in the mass spectrum for peaks corresponding 4u below the mass of the Au+(CH4)n=2,3 complexes corresponding, presumably, to the loss of two H2 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Gentleman
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Alice E Green
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Daniel R Price
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Ethan M Cunningham
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Andreas Iskra
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Stuart R Mackenzie
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK
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29
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Moreno-Alcántar G, Hess K, Guevara-Vela JM, Rocha-Rinza T, Martín Pendás Á, Flores-Álamo M, Torrens H. π-Backbonding and non-covalent interactions in the JohnPhos and polyfluorothiolate complexes of gold(i). Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12456-12465. [PMID: 28682376 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00961e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We studied the influence of changing the degree of fluorination in eight new gold(i) derivatives containing both JohnPhos phosphine and polyfluorinated thiolates: [Au(SRF)(JPhos)], JPhos = P(C6H4-C6H5)(t-But)2 and RF = C6F5 (1), C6HF4 (2), C6H3F2-3,5 (3), C6H3F2-2,4 (4), C6H4F-2 (5), C6H4F-3 (6), C6H4F-4 (7) and CF3 (8). We determined the molecular and crystal structures of all new compounds by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Later, we characterised the chemical bonding scenario with quantum chemical topology tools, specifically the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and the analysis of the NCI-index. Our QTAIM results indicate that while the linear S-Au-P moiety is unaffected by the variation of the fluorine content on the thiolates and that Au-S and Au-P bond strengths are mostly constant for all compounds in the series, the π character of gold bonds seems to be modified by the fluorination of the substituents at the thiolate ligand. Besides, the examination of the NCI-index reveals the presence of weak Au-πPhenyl non-covalent interactions in all compounds. Overall, this study shows the relevance of (i) the π-backbonding properties of the metal centre and (ii) different non-covalent interactions in the stability of JohnPhos gold(i) compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Moreno-Alcántar
- Department of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, School of Chemistry, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 CDMX, Mexico.
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30
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D’Amore L, Ciancaleoni G, Belpassi L, Tarantelli F, Zuccaccia D, Belanzoni P. Unraveling the Anion/Ligand Interplay in the Reaction Mechanism of Gold(I)-Catalyzed Alkoxylation of Alkynes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo D’Amore
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe
Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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31
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Christian AH, Niemeyer ZL, Sigman MS, Toste FD. Uncovering Subtle Ligand Effects of Phosphines Using Gold(I) Catalysis. ACS Catal 2017; 7:3973-3978. [PMID: 29686935 PMCID: PMC5909821 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the integration of simple linear regressions with gold(I) catalysis to interrogate the influence of phosphine structure on metal-catalyzed organic transformations. We demonstrate that observed product ratios in [4 + 3]/[4 + 2] cycloisomerization processes are influenced by both steric and electronic properties of the phosphine, which can be represented by the Au-Cl distance. In contrast, the observed selectivity of a similar [2 + 3]/[2 + 2] cycloisomerization is governed by L/B1, a steric parameter. Using this correlation, we were able to accurately predict the selectivity of a previously untested, Buchwald-type ligand to enhance selectivity for the same transformation. This ligand found further utility in increasing the selectivity of a previously reported gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization/arylation of 1,6-enynes by ~1 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec H. Christian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zachary L. Niemeyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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32
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Pregosin PS. Applications of NMR diffusion methods with emphasis on ion pairing in inorganic chemistry: a mini-review. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:405-413. [PMID: 26888228 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This mini-review provides a brief overview of the use of NMR diffusion methods in connection with estimating molecular weights in solution, recognizing hydrogen bonding and encapsulation processes and, primarily, identifying and estimating the varying degrees of ion pairing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Pregosin
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, ETHZ HCI, Hönggerberg, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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33
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Jin R, Chen J, Chen Y, Liu W, Xu D, Li Y, Ding A, Guo H. Cu(II)-Catalyzed 6π-Photocyclization of Dienynes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:12553-12558. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Chen
- Department
of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1400 Beijing Xi Road, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yiyong Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wangsheng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Dawen Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Aishun Ding
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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34
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Gatto M, Belanzoni P, Belpassi L, Biasiolo L, Del Zotto A, Tarantelli F, Zuccaccia D. Solvent-, Silver-, and Acid-Free NHC-Au-X Catalyzed Hydration of Alkynes. The Pivotal Role of the Counterion. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Gatto
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Universita’ degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Universita’ degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Universita’ degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Biasiolo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Zotto
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Universita’ degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Universita’ degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Universita’ degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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35
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York JT. Determining the Impact of Ligand and Alkene Substituents on Bonding in Gold(I)-Alkene Complexes Supported by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6064-75. [PMID: 27455390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b03819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The nature of the gold(I)-alkene bond in [(NHC)Au(alkene)](+) complexes (where NHC is the N-heterocyclic carbene 1,3-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)imidazole-2-ylidine and its derivatives) has been studied using density functional theory. By utilization of a series of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents ranging from -NO2 to -NH2, an examination of substituent effects has been undertaken with 4-substituted NHC ligands, monosubstituted ethylene derivatives, and 4-substituted styrene derivatives. Natural population, natural bond orbital (NBO), molecular orbital, and bond energy decomposition analysis (EDA) methods have been used to quantify a number of important parameters, including the charge of the coordinated alkenes and the magnitude of alkene→[(NHC)Au](+) and [(NHC)Au](+)→alkene electron donation. EDA methods have also been used to quantify the strength of the [(NHC)Au](+)-(alkene) bond and the impact of both ligand and alkene substitution on different components of the interaction, including polarization, orbital, electrostatic, and Pauli repulsive contributions. Finally, molecular orbital analysis has been used to understand the activation of the alkenes in terms of orbital composition and stabilization within the [(NHC)Au(alkene)](+) complexes relative to the free alkenes. These results provide important insight into the fundamental nature of gold(I)-alkene bonding and the impact of both ligand and alkene substitution on the electronic structure of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T York
- Department of Chemistry, Stetson University , DeLand, Florida 32723, United States
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Gaggioli CA, Ciancaleoni G, Zuccaccia D, Bistoni G, Belpassi L, Tarantelli F, Belanzoni P. Strong Electron-Donating Ligands Accelerate the Protodeauration Step in Gold(I)-Catalyzed Reactions: A Quantitative Understanding of the Ligand Effect. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alberto Gaggioli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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Trinchillo M, Belanzoni P, Belpassi L, Biasiolo L, Busico V, D’Amora A, D’Amore L, Del Zotto A, Tarantelli F, Tuzi A, Zuccaccia D. Extensive Experimental and Computational Study of Counterion Effect in the Reaction Mechanism of NHC-Gold(I)-Catalyzed Alkoxylation of Alkynes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Trinchillo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia
4, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Biasiolo
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia
4, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela D’Amora
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia
4, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo D’Amore
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Zotto
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Tuzi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia
4, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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Giacinto P, Cera G, Bottoni A, Bandini M, Miscione GP. DFT Mechanistic Investigation of the Gold(I)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Azepino[1,2-a]indoles. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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39
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Braunschweig H, Ewing WC, Kramer T, Mattock JD, Vargas A, Werner C. Organometallic Probe for the Electronics of Base-Stabilized Group 11 Metal Cations. Chemistry 2015; 21:12347-56. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40
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Merten C, Pollok CH, Liao S, List B. Stereochemische Kommunikation innerhalb eines chiralen Ionenpaares. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Merten C, Pollok CH, Liao S, List B. Stereochemical Communication within a Chiral Ion Pair Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8841-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Bartocci A, Belpassi L, Cappelletti D, Falcinelli S, Grandinetti F, Tarantelli F, Pirani F. Catching the role of anisotropic electronic distribution and charge transfer in halogen bonded complexes of noble gases. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:184304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4919692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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43
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44
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Biasiolo L, Del Zotto A, Zuccaccia D. Toward Optimizing the Performance of Homogeneous L-Au-X Catalysts through Appropriate Matching of the Ligand (L) and Counterion (X–). Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Biasiolo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Zotto
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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45
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Bistoni G, Rampino S, Tarantelli F, Belpassi L. Charge-displacement analysis via natural orbitals for chemical valence: Charge transfer effects in coordination chemistry. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:084112. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4908537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bistoni
- Istituto di Tecnologie e Scienze Molecolari del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sergio Rampino
- Istituto di Tecnologie e Scienze Molecolari del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Istituto di Tecnologie e Scienze Molecolari del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Tecnologie e Scienze Molecolari del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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46
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqiang Jia
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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48
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Couce-Rios A, Kovács G, Ujaque G, Lledós A. Hydroamination of C–C Multiple Bonds with Hydrazine Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbene–Gold(I) Complexes: Substrate and Ligand Effects. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501705b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Couce-Rios
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
| | - Gábor Kovács
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
| | - Gregori Ujaque
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
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49
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Azzopardi KM, Bistoni G, Ciancaleoni G, Tarantelli F, Zuccaccia D, Belpassi L. Quantitative assessment of the carbocation/carbene character of the gold–carbene bond. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:13999-4007. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A simple geometrical parameter can be used to easily evaluate the Au → C1 back-donation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM)
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
| | - Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM)
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM)
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM)
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM)
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
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50
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Biasiolo L, Ciancaleoni G, Belpassi L, Bistoni G, Macchioni A, Tarantelli F, Zuccaccia D. Relationship between the anion/cation relative orientation and the catalytic activity of nitrogen acyclic carbene–gold catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy01440e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of the ligand in determining the ion pair structure of the [(NAC)Au(η2-3-hexyne)]+ BF4− catalysts and how the position of the anion (positions A, B and C) influences their catalytic performance in the intermolecular alkoxylation of alkynes have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Biasiolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Fisica e Ambiente
- Università di Udine
- I-33100 Udine
- Italy
| | - G. Ciancaleoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM)
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - L. Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM)
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - G. Bistoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM)
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - A. Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - F. Tarantelli
- Dipartimento di Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - D. Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Fisica e Ambiente
- Università di Udine
- I-33100 Udine
- Italy
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