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Tran P, Wang Y, Dzikovski B, Lahm ME, Xie Y, Wei P, Klepov VV, Schaefer HF, Robinson GH. A Stable Aluminum Tris(dithiolene) Triradical. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16340-16347. [PMID: 38820231 PMCID: PMC11177253 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
A stable aluminum tris(dithiolene) triradical (3) was experimentally realized through a low-temperature reaction of the sterically demanding lithium dithiolene radical (2) with aluminum iodide. Compound 3 was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, UV-vis and EPR spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry, and theoretical computations. The quartet ground state of triradical 3 has been unambiguously confirmed by variable-temperature continuous wave EPR experiments and SQUID magnetometry. Both SQUID magnetometry and broken-symmetry DFT computations reveal a small doublet-quartet energy gap [ΔEDQ = 0.18 kcal mol-1 (SQUID); ΔEDQ = 0.14 kcal mol-1 (DFT)]. The pulsed EPR experiment (electron spin echo envelop modulation) provides further evidence for the interaction of these dithiolene-based radicals with the central aluminum nucleus of 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong
M. Tran
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Yuzhong Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Boris Dzikovski
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and ACERT, National Biomedical
Center for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Mitchell E. Lahm
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Yaoming Xie
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Pingrong Wei
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Vladislav V. Klepov
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Gregory H. Robinson
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
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Molecular and electronic structures of paramagnetic gallium complexes with differently charged o-quinone ligands. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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3
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Pashanova KI, Poddel'sky AI, Piskunov AV. Complexes of “late” transition metals of the 3d row based on functionalized o-iminobenzoquinone type ligands: Interrelation of molecular and electronic structure, magnetic behaviour. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Ershova IV, Meshcheryakova IN, Yu. Trofimova O, Pashanova KI, Arsenyeva KV, Rumyantsev RV, Fukin GK, Piskunov AV. Structural diversity of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone molecular complexes with metal halides. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Computational search for redox isomerism in Ge and Sn bis-chelates with α-diimine ligands. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Petrov PA, Golubitskaya EA, El’tsov IV, Sukhikh TS, Sokolov MN. Amidophenolate Tantalum Complexes. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328421090074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Witwicki M, Lewińska A, Ozarowski A. o-Semiquinone radical anion isolated as an amorphous porous solid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17408-17419. [PMID: 34351330 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01596f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of metal cations is a commonly applied strategy to create S > 1/2 stable molecular systems containing semiquinone radicals. Persistent mono-semiquinonato complexes of diamagnetic metal ions (S = 1/2) have been hitherto less common and mostly limited to the complexes of heavy metal ions. In this work, a mono-semiquinonato complex of aluminum, derived from 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, is obtained using a surprisingly short and uncomplicated procedure. The isolated product is an amorphous and porous solid that exhibits very good stability under ambient conditions. To characterise its molecular and electronic structure, 9.7, 34 and 406 GHz EPR spectroscopy was used in concert with computational techniques (DFT and DLPNO-CCSD). It was revealed that the radical complex is composed of two chemically equivalent aluminum cations and two catechol-like ligands with the unpaired electron uniformly distributed between the two organic molecules. The good stability and porous structure make this complex applicable in heterogeneous aerobic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Witwicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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8
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Ershova IV, Piskunov AV, Cherkasov VK. Complexes of diamagnetic cations with radical anion ligands. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Horstmann JS, Klabunde S, Hepp A, Layh M, Hansen MR, Eckert H, Würthwein E, Uhl W. Reactions of Al‐N Based Active Lewis Pairs with Ketones and 1,2‐Diketones: Insertion into Al‐N Bonds, C‐C and C‐N Bond Formation and a Tricyclic Saturated Tetraaza Compound. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Silissa Horstmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Sina Klabunde
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Hellmut Eckert
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ernst‐Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch‐chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC) Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
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Collins KA, Saballos RJ, Fataftah MS, Puggioni D, Rondinelli JM, Freedman DE. Synthetic investigation of competing magnetic interactions in 2D metal-chloranilate radical frameworks. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5922-5928. [PMID: 34094085 PMCID: PMC8159288 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01994a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of emergent materials lies at the intersection of chemistry and condensed matter physics. Synthetic chemistry offers a pathway to create materials with the desired physical and electronic structures that support fundamentally new properties. Metal–organic frameworks are a promising platform for bottom-up chemical design of new materials, owing to their inherent chemical predictability and tunability relative to traditional solid-state materials. Herein, we describe the synthesis and magnetic characterization of a new 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone based material, (NMe2H2)3.5Ga2(C6O4Cl2)3 (1), which features radical-based electronic spins on the sites of a kagomé lattice, a geometric lattice known to engender exotic electronic properties. Vibrational and electronic spectroscopies, in combination with magnetic susceptibility measurements, revealed 1 exhibits mixed valency between the radical-bearing trianionic and diamagnetic tetraanionic oxidation states of the ligand. This unpaired electron density on the ligand forms a partially occupied kagomé lattice where approximately 85% of the lattice sites are occupied with an S = ½ spin. We found that gallium mediates ferromagnetic coupling between ligand spins, creating a ferromagnetic kagomé lattice. By modulation of the interlayer spacing via post-synthetic cation metathesis of 1 to (NMe4)3.5Ga2(C6O4Cl2)3 (2) and (NEt4)2(NMe4)1.5Ga2(C6O4Cl2)3 (3), we determined the nature of the magnetic coupling between neighboring planes is antiferromagnetic. Additionally, we determined the role of the metal in mediating this magnetic coupling by comparison of 2 with the In3+ analogue, (NMe4)3.5In2(C6O4Cl2)3 (4), and we found that Ga3+ supports stronger superexchange coupling between ligand-based spins than In3+. The combination of intraplanar ferromagnetic coupling and interplanar antiferromagnetic coupling exchange interactions suggests these are promising materials to host topological phenomena. 2D metal–organic frameworks provide insight into kagomé spin physics.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Richard J Saballos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Majed S Fataftah
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Danilo Puggioni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - James M Rondinelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Danna E Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
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Bubnov MP, Piskunov AV, Zolotukhin AA, Meshcheryakova IN, Skorodumova NA, Bogomyakov AS, Baranov EV, Fukin GK, Cherkasov VK. Homoligand Tris-o-Dioxolene Complexes. Peculiarities of the Molecular Structures and Magnetic Properties. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s107032842003001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Ershova IV, Bogomyakov AS, Fukin GK, Piskunov AV. Features of Magnetic Behavior in the Row of Pentacoordinated Bis‐
o
‐Iminobenzosemiquinonato Metal (Al, Ga, In) Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Ershova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences 49 Tropinina str., GSP‐445 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russia
| | - Artem S. Bogomyakov
- International Tomography Center Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 3a Institutskaya str. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences 49 Tropinina str., GSP‐445 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russia
| | - Alexandr V. Piskunov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences 49 Tropinina str., GSP‐445 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russia
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13
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Das C, Shukla P, Sorace L, Shanmugam M. Structural and magnetic properties of semiquinonate based Al(iii) and Ga(iii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:1439-1448. [PMID: 28070581 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04281c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of anhydrous MCl3 (M = Al(iii) or Ga(iii)) with one-electron-reduced 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-ortho-benzoquinone (using metallic sodium) led us to isolate two distinct metal complexes of Al(iii) and Ga(iii), which were structurally and magnetically characterized. Complex 1 crystallized in the monoclinic P21/n space group, whereas 2 crystallized in the triclinic P1[combining macron] space group. Interestingly, whereas the Al(iii) derivative was obtained as a dimer with the molecular formula [Al2(μ-HL-)2(L˙-)4] (1) (where L˙- is a semiquinonate radical and HL- is a monoanionic catecholate ligand), the Ga(iii) derivative crystallized as [Ga(L˙-)3] (2), which is a polymorph of a previously reported complex. The presence of both catecholate and/or semiquinonate ligands in 1 and 2 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, mass spectrometry, and NMR and infrared spectroscopy techniques. The crystalline phase purity of the complexes was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Measurements of direct-current magnetic susceptibility, which were performed on a polycrystalline samples, revealed that in both complexes the semiquinonate radical anions are coupled ferromagnetically via the diamagnetic metal ion. The magnetism data of both complexes were modelled using the Heisenberg-Van Vleck-Dirac (HDVV) Hamiltonian, and the extracted parameters are consistent with the literature reports. The details of the electronic structures of the ground states of 1 and 2 were further investigated via X-band (ca. 9 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The EPR spectrum of 2 could be reproduced by considering a quartet ground state with zero-field splitting and hyperfine coupling, whereas attempts to simulate all the EPR spectral features observed in a frozen solution of 1 by assuming it was a pure phase failed. A correct simulation required the simultaneous inclusion of contributions from a quartet and a triplet state. This evidently suggests that the dimeric complex of 1 is in equilibrium with a monomeric [Al(L˙-)3] complex in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400076, India.
| | - Pragya Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400076, India.
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- Dipartimento di Chimica "U. Schiff" and UdR INSTM, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maheswaran Shanmugam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400076, India.
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Piskunov AV, Maleeva AV, Fukin GK, Cherkasov VK, Bogomyakov AS. Pentacoordinated bis- o -benzosemiquinonato zinc complexes with different N-ligands: Structure and magnetic properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Ciccione J, Leconte N, Luneau D, Philouze C, Thomas F. Geometric and Electronic Structures of Nickel(II) Complexes of Redox Noninnocent Tetradentate Phenylenediamine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:649-65. [PMID: 26689346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Five tetradentate ligands based on the N,N'-bis(2-amino-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-o-phenylenediamine backbone were prepared, with different substituents at positions 4 and 5 (CH3 (3a), p-CH3O-C6H4 (3b), H (3c), Cl (3d), F (3e)). Their reaction with a nickel(II) salt in air affords the neutral species 4(a-e), which were isolated as single crystals. 4(a-e) feature two antiferromagnetically exchange-coupled diiminosemiquinonate moieties, both located on peripheral rings, and a diamidobenzene bridging unit. Oxidation of 4(a-e) with 1 equiv of AgSbF6 yields the cations 4(a-e)(+), which harbor a single diiminosemiquinonate radical. Significant structural differences were observed within the series. 4b(+) is mononuclear and contains a localized diiminosemiquinonate moiety. In contrast, 4c(+) is a dimer wherein the diiminosemiquinonate radical is rather delocalized over both peripheral rings. 4d(+) represents an intermediate case where the complex is mononuclear, but the radical is fully delocalized. Oxidation of 4(a-e) with 2 equiv of AgSbF6 produces the corresponding mononuclear dications. X-ray diffraction data on 4(b-d)(2+) reveals that the bridging ring retains its diamidobenzene character, whereas both peripheral rings have been oxidized into diiminobenzoquinone moieties. All the complexes were characterized by electrochemistry, EPR, and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy. Remarkably, the electronic structures of the complexes differ from those reported by Wieghardt et al. for copper and zinc complexes of a related ligand involving a mixed N2O2 donor set (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9599). The easier oxidation of phenylenediamine moieties in comparison to aminophenols is proposed to account for the difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Ciccione
- Chimie Inorganique Redox, Département de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 5250), Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR-5250 , 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Nicolas Leconte
- Chimie Inorganique Redox, Département de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 5250), Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR-5250 , 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Dominique Luneau
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (UMR CNRS 5615), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Christian Philouze
- Chimie Inorganique Redox, Département de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 5250), Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR-5250 , 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Fabrice Thomas
- Chimie Inorganique Redox, Département de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 5250), Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR-5250 , 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Piskunov AV, Ershova IV, Bogomyakov AS, Starikov AG, Fukin GK, Cherkasov VK. Indirect Magnetic Exchange between o-Iminosemiquinonate Ligands Controlled by Apical Substituent in Pentacoordinated Gallium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:6090-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Piskunov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, Nizhny
Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina ave. 23, Nizhny
Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V. Ershova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, Nizhny
Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Artem S. Bogomyakov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3a Institutskaya str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey G. Starikov
- Southern Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 41 Chehova Ave., 344006 Rostov on Don, Russian Federation
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, Nizhny
Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina ave. 23, Nizhny
Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir K. Cherkasov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, Nizhny
Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina ave. 23, Nizhny
Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
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