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Landaeta VR, Horsley Downie TM, Wolf R. Low-Valent Transition Metalate Anions in Synthesis, Small Molecule Activation, and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1323-1463. [PMID: 38354371 PMCID: PMC10906008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This review surveys the synthesis and reactivity of low-oxidation state metalate anions of the d-block elements, with an emphasis on contributions reported between 2006 and 2022. Although the field has a long and rich history, the chemistry of transition metalate anions has been greatly enhanced in the last 15 years by the application of advanced concepts in complex synthesis and ligand design. In recent years, the potential of highly reactive metalate complexes in the fields of small molecule activation and homogeneous catalysis has become increasingly evident. Consequently, exciting applications in small molecule activation have been developed, including in catalytic transformations. This article intends to guide the reader through the fascinating world of low-valent transition metalates. The first part of the review describes the synthesis and reactivity of d-block metalates stabilized by an assortment of ligand frameworks, including carbonyls, isocyanides, alkenes and polyarenes, phosphines and phosphorus heterocycles, amides, and redox-active nitrogen-based ligands. Thereby, the reader will be familiarized with the impact of different ligand types on the physical and chemical properties of metalates. In addition, ion-pairing interactions and metal-metal bonding may have a dramatic influence on metalate structures and reactivities. The complex ramifications of these effects are examined in a separate section. The second part of the review is devoted to the reactivity of the metalates toward small inorganic molecules such as H2, N2, CO, CO2, P4 and related species. It is shown that the use of highly electron-rich and reactive metalates in small molecule activation translates into impressive catalytic properties in the hydrogenation of organic molecules and the reduction of N2, CO, and CO2. The results discussed in this review illustrate that the potential of transition metalate anions is increasingly being tapped for challenging catalytic processes with relevance to organic synthesis and energy conversion. Therefore, it is hoped that this review will serve as a useful resource to inspire further developments in this dynamic research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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2
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Reckziegel A, Battistella B, Schmidt A, Werncke CG. Intricate Road to Linear Anionic Nickel(I) Hexamethyldisilazanide [Ni(N(SiMe 3) 2) 2] . Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7794-7803. [PMID: 35522526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we present intricate pathways for the synthesis of linear nickel(I) silylamide K{m}[Ni(NR2)2] (NR2 = -N(SiMe3)2). This is achieved first via the reduction of nickel(II) trisamide Li(donor)4[Ni(NR2)3] (Li(thf)x[1]) with KC8 in the presence of 18-crown-6 or crypt.222. In due course, the behavior of Li(donor)4[Ni(NR2)3] as a source of masked two-coordinate nickel(II) hexamethyldisilazanide is explored, leading to the formation of nickel(I) and nickel(II) N-donor adducts, as well as metal-metal-bonded dinickel(I) trisamide K(toluene)[Ni2(NR2)3] (K(toluene)[5]). Finally, a convenient and reliable synthesis of K{m}[Ni(NR2)2] by ligand exchange of phosphines in [Ni(NR2)(PPh3)2] with K{m}(NR2) is presented. This allows for the comprehensive analysis of its electronic properties which reveals a fluxional behavior in solution with tight anion/cation interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Reckziegel
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Straße 4, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Beatrice Battistella
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-University Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Straße 4, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - C Gunnar Werncke
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Straße 4, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
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3
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Trzmiel SPO, Langmann J, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Chromous siloxides of variable nuclearity and magnetism. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5072-5081. [PMID: 35262151 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00354f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of Cr[N(SiMe3)2]2(thf)2 with HOSiR3 (R = Et, iPr) in THF afforded the bridged CrII siloxide complexes Cr3(OSiEt3)2(μ-OSiEt3)4(thf)2 and Cr2(OSiiPr3)2(μ-OSiiPr3)2(thf)2 in high yield. Exposure of these compounds to vacuum in aliphatic solvents led to the loss of coordinated THF and to the formation of the homoleptic chromous siloxides Cr4(μ-OSiEt3)8 and Cr3(OSiiPr3)2(μ-OSiiPr3)4, respectively, in moderate to high yield. Use of TMEDA as a potentially bidentate donor molecule gave the monomeric cis-coordinated siloxide Cr(OSiiPr3)2(tmeda) (tmeda = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine). Oxidation of Cr2(OSiiPr3)2(μ-OSiiPr3)2(thf)2 with CHI3 and C2Cl6 produced the trigonal bipyramidal chromic compound CrIII(OSiiPr)3(thf)2 and asymmetrically coordinated Cr2Cl3(OSiiPr3)3(thf)3, respectively. Magnetic measurements (Evans and SQUID) hinted at (a) antiferromagnetic interactions between the CrII centres, (b) revealed higher effective magnetic moments (μeff) for cis-coordinated monomeric heteroleptic complexes compared to trans-coordinated ones, and (c) pointed out the highest (μeff) for the tetranuclear complex Cr4(μ-OSiEt3)8 (6.26μB, SQUID, 300 K; Cr⋯Cradjacent avg. 2.535 A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P O Trzmiel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Jan Langmann
- Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Zanders D, Boysen N, Land MA, Obenlüneschloß J, Masuda JD, Mallick B, Barry ST, Devi A. Co(II) Amide, Pyrrolate, and Aminopyridinate Complexes: Assessment of their Manifold Structural Chemistry and Thermal Properties**. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Zanders
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 Bochum 44801 Germany
- Department of Chemistry Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Nils Boysen
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 Bochum 44801 Germany
| | - Michael A. Land
- Department of Chemistry Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Jorit Obenlüneschloß
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 Bochum 44801 Germany
| | - Jason D. Masuda
- Department of Chemistry Saint Mary's University 923 Robie Street Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 3C3 Canada
| | - Bert Mallick
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 Bochum 44801 Germany
| | - Seán T. Barry
- Department of Chemistry Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Anjana Devi
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 Bochum 44801 Germany
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5
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Indris S, Bredow T, Schwarz B, Eichhöfer A. Paramagnetic 7Li NMR Shifts and Magnetic Properties of Divalent Transition Metal Silylamide Ate Complexes [LiM{N(SiMe 3) 2} 3] (M 2+ = Mn, Fe, Co). Inorg Chem 2021; 61:554-567. [PMID: 34931842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
7Li NMR shifts and magnetic properties have been determined for three so-called ate complexes [LiM{N(SiMe3)2}3] (M2+ = Mn, Fe, Co; e.g., named lithium-tris(bis(trimethylsilylamide))-manganate(II) in accordance with a formally negative charge assigned to the complex fragment [M{N(SiMe3)2}3]-, which comprises the transition metal). They are formed by addition reactions of LiN(SiMe3)2 and [M{N(SiMe3)2}2] and stabilized by Lewis base/Lewis acid interactions. The results are compared to those of the related "ion-separated" complexes [Li(15-crown-5)][M{N(SiMe3)2}3]. The ate complexes with the lithium atoms connected to the 3d metal atoms manganese, iron, or cobalt via μ2 nitrogen bridges reveal strong 7Li NMR paramagnetic shifts of about -75, 125, and 171 ppm, respectively, whereas the shifts for the lithium ions coordinated by the 15-crown-5 ether are close to zero. The observed trends of the 7Li NMR shifts are confirmed by density-functional theory calculations. The magnetic dc and ac properties display distinct differences for the six compounds under investigation. Both manganese compounds, [LiMn{N(SiMe3)2}3] and [Li(15-crown-5)][Mn{N(SiMe3)2}3], display almost pure and ideal spin-only paramagnetic behavior of a 3d5 high-spin complex. In this respect slightly unexpected, both complexes show slow relaxation behavior at low temperatures under applied dc fields, which is especially pronounced for the ate complex [LiMn{N(SiMe3)2}3]. Dc magnetic properties of the iron complexes reveal moderate g-factor anisotropies with small values of the axial magnetic anisotropy parameter D and a larger E (transversal anisotropy). Both complexes display at low temperatures and, under external dc fields of up to 5000 Oe, only weak ac signals with no maxima in the frequency range from 1 to 1500 s-1. In contrast, the two cobalt complexes display strong g-factor anisotropies with large values of D and E. In addition, in both cases, the ac measurements at low temperatures and applied dc fields reveal two, in terms of their frequency range, well separated relaxation processes with maxima lying for the most part outside of the measurement range between 1 and 1500 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvio Indris
- Institute for Applied Materials - Energy Storage Systems (IAM-ESS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas Bredow
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Björn Schwarz
- Institute for Applied Materials - Energy Storage Systems (IAM-ESS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andreas Eichhöfer
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Nord, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Weller R, Völlinger L, Werncke CG. On the Synthesis and Reduction of Trigonal Halido Bis(silylamido) Metalates of Chromium to Cobalt. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Weller
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Lena Völlinger
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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Maddock L, Morton R, Kennedy A, Hevia E. Lateral Metallation and Redistribution Reactions of Sodium Ferrates Containing Bulky 2,6-Diisopropyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)anilide Ligands. Chemistry 2021; 27:15180-15186. [PMID: 34324749 PMCID: PMC8596604 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Alkali‐metal ferrates containing amide groups have emerged as regioselective bases capable of promoting Fe−H exchanges of aromatic substrates. Advancing this area of heterobimetallic chemistry, a new series of sodium ferrates is introduced incorporating the bulky arylsilyl amido ligand N(SiMe3)(Dipp) (Dipp=2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3). Influenced by the large steric demands imposed by this amide, transamination of [NaFe(HMDS)3] (HMDS=N(SiMe3)2) with an excess of HN(SiMe3)(Dipp) led to the isolation of heteroleptic [Na(HMDS)2Fe{N(SiMe3)Dipp}]∞ (1) resulting from the exchange of just one HMDS group. An alternative co‐complexation approach, combining the homometallic metal amides [NaN(SiMe3)Dipp] and [Fe{N(SiMe3)Dipp}2] induces lateral metallation of one Me arm from the SiMe3 group in the iron amide furnishing tetrameric [NaFe{N(SiCH2Me2)Dipp}{N(SiMe3)Dipp}]4 (2). Reactivity studies support that this deprotonation is driven by the steric incompatibility of the single metal amides rather than the basic capability of the sodium reagent. Displaying synergistic reactivity, heteroleptic sodium ferrate 1 can selectively promote ferration of pentafluorobenzene using one of its HMDS arms to give heterotrileptic [Na{N(SiMe3)Dipp}(HMDS)Fe(C6F5)]∞ (4). Attempts to deprotonate less activated pyridine led to the isolation of NaHMDS and heteroleptic Fe(II) amide [(py)Fe{N(SiMe3)Dipp}(HMDS)] (5), resulting from an alternative redistribution process which is favoured by the Lewis donor ability of this substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Maddock
- University of Bern: Universitat Bern, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, SWITZERLAND
| | - Rebekka Morton
- University of Strathclyde Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Pure and Applied Chemistry, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Alan Kennedy
- University of Strathclyde Faculty of Science, Pure and applied chemistry, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Eva Hevia
- Universitat Bern, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, SWITZERLAND
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8
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Weller R, Ruppach L, Shlyaykher A, Tambornino F, Werncke CG. Homoleptic quasilinear metal(i/ii) silylamides of Cr-Co with phenyl and allyl functions - impact of the oxidation state on secondary ligand interactions. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:10947-10963. [PMID: 34318833 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01543e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the synthesis and characterization of a variety of new quasilinear metal(i/ii) silylamides of the type [M(N(Dipp)SiR3)2]0,- (M = Cr-Co) with different silyl substituents (SiR3 = SiPh3-nMen (n = 1-3), SiMe2(allyl)). By comparison of the solid state structures we show that in the case of phenyl substituents secondary metal-ligand interactions are suppressed upon reduction of the metal. Introduction of an allyl substituted silylamide gives divalent complexes with additional metal-π-alkene interactions with only weak activation of the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond but substantial bending of the principal N-M-N axis. 1e--reduction makes cobalt a more strongly bound alkene substituent, whereas for chromium, reduction and intermolecular dimerisation of the allyl unit are observed. It thus indicates that the general view of low-coordinate 3d-metal ions as electron deficient seems not to apply to anionic metal(i) complexes. Additionally, the obtained cobalt(i) complexes are reacted with an aryl azide giving trigonal imido metal complexes. These can be regarded as rare examples of high-spin imido cobalt compounds from their structural and solution magnetic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Weller
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Lutz Ruppach
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Alena Shlyaykher
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Frank Tambornino
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - C Gunnar Werncke
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
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9
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Indris S, Knapp M, Schwarz B, Eichhöfer A. A “Solvent‐Free” Crystal Structure of [Fe{N(SiMe
3
)
2
}
3
] – Synthesis, Structure and Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvio Indris
- Institute for Applied Materials - Energy Storage Systems (IAM-ESS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Applied Materials - Energy Storage Systems (IAM-ESS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Björn Schwarz
- Institute for Applied Materials - Energy Storage Systems (IAM-ESS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Andreas Eichhöfer
- Institut für Nanotechnologie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Campus Nord Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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10
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Werner D, Bayer U, Schädle D, Anwander R. Emergence of a New [NNN] Pincer Ligand via Si-H Bond Activation and β-Hydride Abstraction at Tetravalent Cerium. Chemistry 2020; 26:12194-12205. [PMID: 32239686 PMCID: PMC7540680 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cerium(IV) pyrazolate complexes [Ce(Me2 pz)4 ]2 and [Ce(Me2 pz)4 (thf)] initiate β-hydride abstraction of the bis(dimethylsilyl)amido moiety, to afford a heteroleptic cerium(IV) species containing a dimethylpyrazolyl-substituted silylamido ligand, namely [Ce(Me2 pz)3 (bpsa)] (bpsa=bis((3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)dimethylsilyl)amido; Me2 pz =3,5-dimethylpyrazolato), along with some cerium(III) species. Remarkably, the nucleophilic attack of the pyrazolyl at the silicon atom and concomitant Si-H-bond cleavage is restricted to the tetravalent cerium oxidation state and appears to proceed via the formation of a transient cerium(IV) hydride, which engages in immediate redox chemistry. When [Ce(Me2 pz)4 ]2 is treated with [Li{N(SiMe3 )2 }], that is, in the absence of the SiH functionality, any redox chemistry did not occur. Instead, the ceric ate complex [LiCe2 (Me2 pz)9 ] and the stable mixed-ligand ceric species [Ce(Me2 pz)2 {N(SiMe3 )2 }2 ] were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Werner
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversity of Tübingen (EKUT)Auf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Uwe Bayer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversity of Tübingen (EKUT)Auf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Dorothea Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversity of Tübingen (EKUT)Auf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversity of Tübingen (EKUT)Auf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
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11
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Kneusels NJH, Münzer JE, Flosdorf K, Jiang D, Neumüller B, Zhao L, Eichhöfer A, Frenking G, Kuzu I. Double donation in trigonal planar iron-carbodiphosphorane complexes - a concise study on their spectroscopic and electronic properties. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2537-2546. [PMID: 32022052 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04725e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We present the syntheses of trigonal planar coordinated Fe(ii) carbodiphosphorane (CDPR) complexes, starting from iron(ii)-bis(trimethylsilylamide) [Fe{N(SiMe3)2}2] and hexaphenyl-(CDPPh) and sym-dimethyltetraphenyl-carbodiphosphoranes (CDPMe), respectively. Both complexes [CDPPh-Fe{N(SiMe3)2}2] (1) and [CDPMe-Fe{N(SiMe3)2}2] (2) were examined in solution and in the solid state. 1 shows a dissociation equilibrium in solution which we monitored by variable temperature 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Magnetic measurements of 1 and 2 yielded a high spin configuration (S = 2) for both complexes. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to analyze the bonding situation in compound 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nis-Julian H Kneusels
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Jörn E Münzer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Kimon Flosdorf
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Bernhard Neumüller
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Andreas Eichhöfer
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Campus Nord, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. and Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Istemi Kuzu
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
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12
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Wagner CL, Phan NA, Fettinger JC, Berben LA, Power PP. New Characterization of V{N(SiMe3)2}3: Reductions of Tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)amido]vanadium(III) and -chromium(III) To Afford the Reduced Metal(II) Anions [M{N(SiMe3)2}3]− (M = V and Cr). Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6095-6101. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clifton L. Wagner
- University of California at Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Nathan A. Phan
- University of California at Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - James C. Fettinger
- University of California at Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Louise A. Berben
- University of California at Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Philip P. Power
- University of California at Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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13
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Labrum NS, Losovyj Y, Caulton KG. A new access route to dimetal sandwich complexes, including a radical anion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12397-12399. [PMID: 30328415 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05204b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The amide in Cr[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)2 is displaced by equimolar [K(18-crown-6)][naphthalene] to form the dimetal sandwich Cr2(naphthalene)2- as a radical anion paired with [K(18-crown-6)]+. Two Cr atoms in the sandwich do not form any multiple Cr/Cr bonds, and instead each interacts with one naphthalene in an η6 fashion and with the second naphthalene in an η4 connectivity mode. The naphthalene C/C distances show the effect of back donation from two chromium atoms to a greater extent than simply by 1 electron ring reduction, in comparison to the naphthalene radical anion. The SOMO of the product was established by variable temperature EPR spectroscopy, and the atom ratios and elemental purity were supported by XPS. The possible generality of the displacement of N(SiMe3)2- from a low valent metal is discussed.
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Mukherjee D, Shirase S, Beckerle K, Spaniol TP, Mashima K, Okuda J. Group 2 metal (Mg, Ca, Sr) silylamides supported by a cyclen-derived macrocyclic polyamine. Dalton Trans 2017. [PMID: 28627554 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01727h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heteroleptic bis(silyl)amides of magnesium and calcium [(L)M{N(SiMe3)2}] [M = Mg, Ca; LH = 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane; (Me3TACD)H] were previously synthesized from LH and [M{N(SiMe3)2}2]. Strontium bis(silyl)amides [Sr{N(SiMe3)2}2(thf)2] and [Sr{N(SiHMe2)2}2(thf)2/3] reacted with LH to give different types of products, depending on the presence of the β-SiH function. While the former underwent protonolysis to give the amido-bridged dimer [(L)Sr{N(SiMe3)2}]2 (1), the latter gave the adduct [(LH)Sr{N(SiHMe2)2}2] (2) as a stable solid. 2 slowly underwent an intramolecular Si-H/H-N dehydrocoupling in solution to give [{(L)SiMe2N(SiHMe2)}Sr{N(SiHMe2)2}] (3) by liberating H2. The results of transamination of 1 with HN(SiHMe2)2 depended on the relative stoichiometric ratio. A 1 : 1 mixture in n-pentane gave [{(L)SiMe2N(SiHMe2)}Sr{N(SiMe3)2}] (4) and H2, while excess HN(SiHMe2)2 gave the adduct 2 under similar conditions. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibit Sr↼H-Si interactions according to X-ray crystallography, NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Lighter congeners of elusive [(L)Sr{N(SiHMe2)2}] were isolable for Mg (5) and Ca (6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Mukherjee
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany.
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15
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Maddock LCH, Borilovic I, McIntyre J, Kennedy AR, Aromí G, Hevia E. Synthetic, structural and magnetic implications of introducing 2,2′-dipyridylamide to sodium-ferrate complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:6683-6691. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Establishing transamination as an efficient method to access novel heterobimetallic complexes, this study provides magnetic and structural insights of 2,2-dipyridylamide based sodium ferrate complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis C. H. Maddock
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Ivana Borilovic
- Department de Química Inorgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Jamie McIntyre
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Guillem Aromí
- Department de Química Inorgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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16
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Jacobs BP, Wolczanski PT, Lobkovsky EB. Oxidatively Triggered Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation in Ene-amide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:4223-32. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Peter T. Wolczanski
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Emil B. Lobkovsky
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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17
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Maddock LCH, Cadenbach T, Kennedy AR, Borilovic I, Aromí G, Hevia E. Accessing Sodium Ferrate Complexes Containing Neutral and Anionic N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Structural, Synthetic, and Magnetic Insights. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:9201-10. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis C. H. Maddock
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Thomas Cadenbach
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Ivana Borilovic
- Departament
de Quı́mica Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Aromí
- Departament
de Quı́mica Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, U.K. G1 1XL
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18
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Coles MP. The role of the bis-trimethylsilylamido ligand, [N{SiMe3}2]−, in main group chemistry. Part 1: Structural chemistry of the s-block elements. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Day BM, Pal K, Pugh T, Tuck J, Layfield RA. Carbene Rearrangements in Three-Coordinate N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Cobalt(II) Bis(trimethylsilyl)amide. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:10578-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501677k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Day
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Kuntal Pal
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Thomas Pugh
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jessica Tuck
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Richard A. Layfield
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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