Polyhalide Ions (Br 8 2– and I 2 Br 6 2– ) and Chains (···Br 3 – ···Br 2 ··· and ···IBr 4 – ···) Stabilised by Using Cu(dafone) 3 2+ as Counter Ion (dafone = 4,5‐Diazafluoren‐9‐one)

Rational Synthesis, Structures and Properties of the Ionic Liquid Binary Iodine-Bromine Octahalide Series [In Br8-n ]2- (n=0, 2, 3, 4)

A series of octanuclear iodine-bromine interhalides [I_n Br_8-n ]^2- (n=0, 2, 3, 4) were prepared systematically in two steps. Firstly, addition of a dihalogen (Br₂ or IBr) to the triaminocyclopropenium bromide salt [C₃ (NEt₂ )₃ ]Br forms the corresponding trihalide salt with Br₃ ^- or IBr₂ ^- anions, respectively. Secondly, addition to Br₃ ^- of half an equivalent of Br₂ gives the octabromine polyhalide [Br₈ ]^2- , whereas addition to IBr₂ ^- of half an equivalent of Br₂ , IBr or I₂ gives the corresponding interhalides: [I₂ Br₆ ]^2- , [I₃ Br₅ ]^2- , and [I₄ Br₄ ]^2- , respectively. The four octahalides were characterized by X-ray crystallography, computational studies, Raman and Far-IR spectroscopies, as well as by TGA and melting point. All of the salts were found to be ionic liquids.

Comparison of halogen bonding networks with Ru(ii) complexes and analysis of the influence of the XB interactions on their reactivity

Coordination compounds of formula [Ru(Cl)₂(CNR)₄] are interesting building blocks for the preparation of halogen bonding supramolecular networks, since the chloride ligand is a good XB acceptor. When using I₂ as the XB donor, an unexpected reaction on the ruthenium coordination sphere happens where the chloride ligands are substituted by iodides. The isolation of several intermediates with different substitution degrees and showing XB interactions in a solid state network evidenced the clear influence of the XB species in this unusual reaction process. The extension of the studies to bromine gave the analogous result, i.e. the substitution of the chloride ligands by bromides. Furthermore, changing the organic substituent in the isocyanide ligands from alkyl to aryl does not affect the outcome of the reaction; however the process is faster when the alkyl substituents are present. In the course of the study of these reactions we have isolated a whole range of XB-based networks were interactions such as ClI-I, BrBr-Br, II-I and IBr-Br are present, a systematic comparison of the XB structural features for the different networks isolated and the influence in their reactivity has been performed.

Structural Proof for the First Dianion of a Polychloride: Investigation of [Cl8 ](2.)

The polychloride salt [CCl(NMe2 )2 ](+) 2 [Cl8 ](2-) was synthesized and crystallized in the ionic liquid [BMP]OTf. The compound was fully characterized by Raman spectroscopy as well as X-ray single-crystal structure determination, and represents the first example of a polychloride dianion to be described. Detailed gas-phase and solid-state calculations concerning the nature of the bonding situation were also performed.

Ionic-liquid-assisted synthesis of the phosphorus interhalides [PBr4][IBr2] and [PBr4][I5Br7]

Ionic-liquid based synthesis results in the phosphorus interhalides [PBr₄][IBr₂] and [PBr₄]₂[I₅Br₇] whereof the latter shows thermal halogen release of 96.8 wt% (≤300 °C).

Heterogeneous bromination of alkenes using Bi(iii) polybromide complexes as {Br2} source

A new polybromide Bi(iii) complex (PyH)₃{[Bi₂Br₉](Br₂)} was synthesized, characterized by XRD, and used for selective bromination of alkenes.