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Almeida NMS, Bali SK, James D, Wang C, Wilson AK. Binding of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) to the PPARγ/RXRα-DNA Complex. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:7423-7443. [PMID: 37990410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are the fundamental building blocks of gene expression regulation and the focus of many drug targets. While binding to DNA, nuclear receptors act as transcription factors, governing a multitude of functions in the human body. Peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor γ (PPARγ) and the retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) form heterodimers with unique properties and have a primordial role in insulin sensitization. This PPARγ/RXRα heterodimer has been shown to be impacted by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and linked to a variety of significant health conditions in humans. Herein, a selection of the most common PFAS (legacy and emerging) was studied utilizing molecular dynamics simulations for PPARγ/RXRα. The local and global structural effects of PFAS binding on the known ligand binding pockets of PPARγ and RXRα as well as the DNA binding domain (DBD) of RXRα were inspected. The binding free energies were predicted computationally and were compared between the different binding pockets. In addition, two electronic structure approaches were utilized to model the interaction of PFAS within the DNA binding domain, density functional theory (DFT) and domain-based pair natural orbital coupled cluster with perturbative triples (DLPNO-CCSD(T)) approaches, with implicit solvation. Residue decomposition and hydrogen-bonding analysis were also performed, detailing the role of prominent residues in molecular recognition. The role of l-carnitine is explored as a potential in vivo remediation strategy for PFAS interaction with the PPARγ/RXRα heterodimer. In this work, it was found that PFAS can bind and act as agonists for all of the investigated pockets. For the first time in the literature, PFAS are postulated to bind to the DNA binding domain in a nonspecific manner. In addition, for the PPARγ ligand binding domain, l-carnitine shows promise in replacing smaller PFAS from the pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M S Almeida
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
| | - Semiha Kevser Bali
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
| | - Deepak James
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
| | - Angela K Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
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2
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Yao J, Song S, Zhao H, Yuan Y. Platinum-based drugs and hydrogel: a promising anti-tumor combination. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2287966. [PMID: 38083803 PMCID: PMC10987050 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2287966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs are widely used as first-line anti-tumor chemotherapy agents. However, they also have nonnegligible side effects due to the free drugs in circulation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient and safe delivery systems for better tumor cell targeting. Hydrogel is a promising anti-tumor drug carrier that can form a platinum/hydrogel combination system for drug release, which has shown better anti-tumor effects in some studies. However, there is a lack of systematic summary in this field. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the platinum/hydrogel combination system with the following sections: firstly, an introduction of platinum-based drugs; secondly, an analysis of the platinum/hydrogel combination system; and thirdly, a discussion of the advantages of the hydrogel-based delivery system. We hope this review can offer some insights for the development of the platinum/hydrogel combination system for better cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaojuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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3
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Targeting emerging cancer hallmarks by transition metal complexes: Epigenetic reprogramming and epitherapies. Part II. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Bulathge AW, Villones RLE, Herbert FC, Gassensmith JJ, Meloni G. Comparative cisplatin reactivity towards human Zn7-metallothionein-2 and MTF-1 zinc fingers: potential implications in anticancer drug resistance. Metallomics 2022; 14:mfac061. [PMID: 36026541 PMCID: PMC9477119 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) is a widely used metal-based chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of cancers. However, intrinsic and acquired drug resistance limit the efficacy of cisplatin-based treatments. Increased production of intracellular thiol-rich molecules, in particular metallothioneins (MTs), which form stable coordination complexes with the electrophilic cisplatin, results in cisplatin sequestration leading to pre-target resistance. MT-1/-2 are overexpressed in cancer cells, and their expression is controlled by the metal response element (MRE)-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1), featuring six Cys2His2-type zinc fingers which, upon zinc metalation, recognize specific MRE sequences in the promoter region of MT genes triggering their expression. Cisplatin can efficiently react with protein metal binding sites featuring nucleophilic cysteine and/or histidine residues, including MTs and zinc fingers proteins, but the preferential reactivity towards specific targets with competing binding sites cannot be easily predicted. In this work, by in vitro competition reactions, we investigated the thermodynamic and kinetic preferential reactivity of cisplatin towards human Zn7MT-2, each of the six MTF-1 zinc fingers, and the entire human MTF-1 zinc finger domain. By spectroscopic, spectrometric, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), we demonstrated that cisplatin preferentially reacts with Zn7MT-2 to form Cys4-Pt(II) complexes, resulting in zinc release from MT-2. Zinc transfer from MT-2 to the MTF-1 triggers MTF-1 metalation, activation, and binding to target MRE sequences, as demonstrated by EMSA with DNA oligonucleotides. The cisplatin-dependent MT-mediated MTF-1 activation leading to apo-MT overexpression potentially establishes one of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and potentiation of MT-mediated pre-target resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjala W Bulathge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX-75080, USA
| | - Rhiza Lyne E Villones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX-75080, USA
| | - Fabian C Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX-75080, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX-75080, USA
| | - Gabriele Meloni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX-75080, USA
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5
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6
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Yilmaz H, Şanlier ŞH. A novel second-generation platinum derivative and evaluation of its anti-cancer potential. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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7
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Role of CCCH-Type Zinc Finger Proteins in Human Adenovirus Infections. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111322. [PMID: 33217981 PMCID: PMC7698620 DOI: 10.3390/v12111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The zinc finger proteins make up a significant part of the proteome and perform a huge variety of functions in the cell. The CCCH-type zinc finger proteins have gained attention due to their unusual ability to interact with RNA and thereby control different steps of RNA metabolism. Since virus infections interfere with RNA metabolism, dynamic changes in the CCCH-type zinc finger proteins and virus replication are expected to happen. In the present review, we will discuss how three CCCH-type zinc finger proteins, ZC3H11A, MKRN1, and U2AF1, interfere with human adenovirus replication. We will summarize the functions of these three cellular proteins and focus on their potential pro- or anti-viral activities during a lytic human adenovirus infection.
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Mazmanian K, Sargsyan K, Lim C. How the Local Environment of Functional Sites Regulates Protein Function. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9861-9871. [PMID: 32407086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteins form complex biological machineries whose functions in the cell are highly regulated at both the cellular and molecular levels. Cellular regulation of protein functions involves differential gene expressions, post-translation modifications, and signaling cascades. Molecular regulation, on the other hand, involves tuning an optimal local protein environment for the functional site. Precisely how a protein achieves such an optimal environment around a given functional site is not well understood. Herein, by surveying the literature, we first summarize the various reported strategies used by certain proteins to ensure their correct functioning. We then formulate three key physicochemical factors for regulating a protein's functional site, namely, (i) its immediate interactions, (ii) its solvent accessibility, and (iii) its conformational flexibility. We illustrate how these factors are applied to regulate the functions of free/metal-bound Cys and Zn sites in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Mazmanian
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Karen Sargsyan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Carmay Lim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Cao K, Ding X, Sheng Y, Wang Y, Liu Y. Cisplatin binds to the MDM2 RING finger domain and inhibits the ubiquitination activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4599-4602. [PMID: 32211658 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00203h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin can directly bind to the RING finger domain of MDM2, leading to the zinc-release and protein unfolding. Consequently, cisplatin inhibits the MDM2-mediated ubiquitination, which is the molecular basis of p53 activation. This work provides insight into the cisplatin-induced p53-elevation that is involved in cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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10
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Yuan S, Chen S, Wu H, Jiang H, Zheng S, Zhang Q, Liu Y. NAMI-A preferentially reacts with the Sp1 protein: understanding the anti-metastasis effect of the drug. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1397-1400. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08775c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The anti-metastasis drug NAMI-A selectively reacts with Sp1, a protein associated with cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Functional Polymer
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Siming Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Han Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Huan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Shihui Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Qianling Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Functional Polymer
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Yangzhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
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11
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Sheng Y, Hou Z, Cui S, Cao K, Yuan S, Sun M, Kljun J, Huang G, Turel I, Liu Y. Covalent versus Noncovalent Binding of Ruthenium η 6 -p-Cymene Complexes to Zinc-Finger Protein NCp7. Chemistry 2019; 25:12789-12794. [PMID: 31385356 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium-arene complexes are a unique class of organometallic compounds that have been shown to have prominent therapeutic potencies. Here, we have investigated the interactions of Ru-cymene complexes with a zinc-finger protein NCp7, aiming to understand the effects of various ligands on the reaction. Five different binding modes were observed on selected Ru-complexes. Ru-cymene complex can bind to proteins through either noncovalent binding alone or through a combination of covalent and noncovalent binding modes. Moreover, the noncovalent interaction can promote the coordination of RuII to NCp7, resulting synergistic effects of the different ligands. The binding of Ru(Cym) complexes leads to dysfunction of NCp7 through zinc-ejection and structural perturbation. These results indicate that the reactivity of Ru-complexes can be modulated by ligands through different approaches, which could be closely correlated to their different therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Zhuanghao Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Shiyong Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Kaiming Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Siming Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Mei Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Jakob Kljun
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Guangming Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Iztok Turel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yangzhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China
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12
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Huang H, Cao K, Kong Y, Yuan S, Liu H, Wang Y, Liu Y. A dual functional ruthenium arene complex induces differentiation and apoptosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9721-9728. [PMID: 32055340 PMCID: PMC6993625 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03110c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A dual functional ruthenium arene complex induces differentiation and apoptosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells through degradation of PML–RARα and DNA damage.
Human acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is the most malignant form of acute leukemia. The fusion of PML and RARα genes is responsible for over 98% of cases of APL. In this work, we found that a Ru(ii) arene complex, [(η6-p-bip)Ru(en)Cl][PF6] (Ru-1), can selectively react with PML, leading to zinc-release and protein unfolding. Consequently, the degradation of the fusion protein PML–RARα occurs, which causes the differentiation of APL cells. In addition, Ru-1 can also bind to DNA and trigger apoptosis of APL cells. Therefore, Ru-1 acts as a dual functional agent that inhibits the growth of APL cells and induces cell differentiation. In contrast, the other non-selective Ru(ii) compound, though also highly reactive to PML, does not exhibit anti-APL activity. The selectivity of Ru-1 to PML suggests a new strategy for the development of anti-APL drugs using ruthenium agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China .
| | - Kaiming Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China .
| | - Yaqiong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials , College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing , Jiang Su 210046 , China
| | - Siming Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China .
| | - Hongke Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials , College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing , Jiang Su 210046 , China
| | - Yucai Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medical Center , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Yangzhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China .
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13
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Zhang C, Zhang H, Han M, Yang X, Pei C, Xu Z, Du J, Li W, Chen S. DNA–affibody nanoparticle delivery system for cisplatin-based breast cancer chemotherapy. RSC Adv 2019; 9:1982-1989. [PMID: 35516156 PMCID: PMC9059769 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08735k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is the most widely used anticancer drug, but its side effects limit the maximum systemic dose. To circumvent the side effects, a DNA tetrahedron–affibody nanoparticle was prepared by combination of a DNA chain with cisplatin via interstrand crosslinks or adducts. Each nanocarrier can bind ∼68 molecules of cisplatin. This cisplatin nanoparticle exhibited high selectivity and inhibition for breast cancer HER2 overexpressing cells BT474 and lower toxicity in MCF-7 cells with low HER2 expression. The nano-drug inhibited the growth of BT474 cells by 94.57% at 512 nM (containing 33.3 μM cisplatin), which was higher than that of cisplatin (82.9%, 33.3 μM). The novel nano-drug cisplatin-DNA tetrahedron-affibody has high specificity, high efficacy, and low toxicity for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- China
| | - HongLei Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- China
| | - MengNan Han
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- China
| | - XueLi Yang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- China
| | - ChaoHong Pei
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- China
| | - ZhiDong Xu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- China
| | - Jie Du
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- China
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- China
| | - Shengxi Chen
- Center for BioEnergetics
- Biodesign Institute
- Arizona State University
- Tempe 85287
- USA
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14
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Sheng Y, Cao K, Li J, Hou Z, Yuan S, Huang G, Liu H, Liu Y. Selective Targeting of the Zinc Finger Domain of HIV Nucleocapsid Protein NCp7 with Ruthenium Complexes. Chemistry 2018; 24:19146-19151. [PMID: 30276894 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleocapsid protein 7 (NCp7) is an attractive target for anti-HIV drug development. Here we found that ruthenium complexes are reactive to NCp7 and various Ru-agents exhibit significantly different reactivity. Interestingly, the zinc-finger domains of NCp7 also demonstrate different affinity to Ru-complexes; the C-terminal domain is much more reactive than the N-terminal domain. Each zinc-finger domain of NCp7 binds up to three Ru-motifs, and the ruthenium binding causes zinc-ejection from NCp7 and disrupts the protein folding. Therefore, ruthenium complexes interfere with the DNA binding of NCp7 and interrupt the protein function. The different reactivity of Ru-agents suggests a feasible strategy for improving the targeting of NCp7 by ligand design. This work provides an insight into the mechanism of ruthenium complex with NCp7, and suggests more potential application of ruthenium drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Kaiming Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ji Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiang Su, P.R. China
| | - Zhuanghao Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Siming Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Guangming Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hongke Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiang Su, P.R. China
| | - Yangzhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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15
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Lenstra DC, Al Temimi AHK, Mecinović J. Inhibition of histone lysine methyltransferases G9a and GLP by ejection of structural Zn(II). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018. [PMID: 29519735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Histone lysine methyltransferases G9a and GLP are validated targets for the development of new epigenetic drugs. Most, if not all, inhibitors of G9a and GLP target the histone substrate binding site or/and the S-adenosylmethionine cosubstrate binding site. Here, we report an alternative approach for inhibiting the methyltransferase activity of G9a and GLP. For proper folding and enzymatic activity, G9a and GLP contain structural zinc fingers, one of them being adjacent to the S-adenosylmethionine binding site. Our work demonstrates that targeting these labile zinc fingers with electrophilic small molecules results in ejection of structural zinc ions, and consequently inhibition of the methyltransferase activity. Very effective Zn(II) ejection and inhibition of G9a and GLP was observed with clinically used ebselen, disulfiram and cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny C Lenstra
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Abbas H K Al Temimi
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmin Mecinović
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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