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Matuszek K, Piper SL, Brzęczek-Szafran A, Roy B, Saher S, Pringle JM, MacFarlane DR. Unexpected Energy Applications of Ionic Liquids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2313023. [PMID: 38411362 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids and their various analogues are without doubt the scientific sensation of the last few decades, paving the way to a more sustainable society. Their versatile suite of properties, originating from an almost inconceivably large number of possible cation and anion combinations, allows tuning of the structure to serve a desired purpose. Ionic liquids hence offer a myriad of useful applications from solvents to catalysts, through to lubricants, gas absorbers, and azeotrope breakers. The purpose of this review is to explore the more unexpected of these applications, particularly in the energy space. It guides the reader through the application of ionic liquids and their analogues as i) phase change materials for thermal energy storage, ii) organic ionic plastic crystals, which have been studied as battery electrolytes and in gas separation, iii) key components in the nitrogen reduction reaction for sustainable ammonia generation, iv) as electrolytes in aluminum-ion batteries, and v) in other emerging technologies. It is concluded that there is tremendous scope for further optimizing and tuning of the ionic liquid in its task, subject to sustainability imperatives in line with current global priorities, assisted by artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Matuszek
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Samantha L Piper
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Alina Brzęczek-Szafran
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Bolesława Krzywoustego 4, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
| | - Binayak Roy
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Saliha Saher
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Pringle
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
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2
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Specklin D, Boegli MC, Coffinet A, Escomel L, Vendier L, Grellier M, Simonneau A. An orbitally adapted push-pull template for N 2 activation and reduction to diazene-diide. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14262-14270. [PMID: 38098710 PMCID: PMC10718075 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04390h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A Lewis superacidic bis(borane) C6F4{B(C6F5)2}2 was reacted with tungsten N2-complexes [W(N2)2(R2PCH2CH2PR2)2] (R = Ph or Et), affording zwitterionic boryldiazenido W(ii) complexes trans-[W(L)(R2PCH2CH2PR2)2(N2{B(C6F5)2(C6F4B(C6F5)3})] (L = ø, N2 or THF). These compounds feature only one N-B linkage of the covalent type, as a result of intramolecular boron-to-boron C6F5 transfer. Complex trans-[W(THF)(Et2PCH2CH2PEt2)2(N2{B(C6F5)2C6F4B(C6F5)3})] (5) was shown to split H2, leading to a seven-coordinate complex [W(H)2(Et2PCH2CH2PEt2)2(N2{B(C6F5)2}2C6F4)] (7). Interestingly, hydride storage at the metal triggers backward C6F5 transfer. This reverts the bis(boron) moiety to its bis(borane) state, now doubly binding the distal N, with structural parameters and DFT computations pointing to dative N→B bonding. By comparison with an N2 complex [W(H)2(Et2PCH2CH2PEt2)2(N2{B(C6F5)3}] (10) differing only in the Lewis acid (LA), namely B(C6F5)3, coordinated to the distal N, we demonstrate that two-fold LA coordination imparts strong N2 activation up to the diazene-diide (N22-) state. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a neutral LA coordination that induces reduction of N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Specklin
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS 205 route de Narbonne BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Marie-Christine Boegli
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS 205 route de Narbonne BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Anaïs Coffinet
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS 205 route de Narbonne BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Léon Escomel
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS 205 route de Narbonne BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Laure Vendier
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS 205 route de Narbonne BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Mary Grellier
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS 205 route de Narbonne BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Antoine Simonneau
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS 205 route de Narbonne BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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3
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Kireev NV, Filippov OA, Epstein LM, Shubina ES, Belkova NV. Activation of dinitrogen by group 6 metal complexes. Russ Chem Bull 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-023-3716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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4
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Sivan AK, Thomas JM, Jeyakumar TC, Sivasankar C. Molybdenum bound nitrogen doped graphene catalyst for reduction of N
2
to NH
3
and NH
2
NH
2
, using FLP as a co‐catalyst: a DFT study. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akhil K. Sivan
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Pondicherry University (A Central University) Puducherry India
| | - Jisha Mary Thomas
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Pondicherry University (A Central University) Puducherry India
| | | | - Chinnappan Sivasankar
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Pondicherry University (A Central University) Puducherry India
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Stephan DW. Diverse Uses of the Reaction of Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) with Hydrogen. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20002-20014. [PMID: 34786935 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The articulation of the notion of "frustrated Lewis pairs" (FLPs) emerged from the discovery that H2 can be reversibly activated by combinations of sterically encumbered main group Lewis acids and bases. This has prompted numerous studies focused on various perturbations of the Lewis acid/base combinations and the applications to organic reductions. This Perspective focuses on the new directions and developments that are emerging from this FLP chemistry involving hydrogen. Three areas are discussed including new applications and approaches to FLP reductions, the reductions of small molecules, and the advances in heterogeneous FLP systems. These foci serve to illustrate that despite having its roots in main group chemistry, this simple concept of FLPs is being applied across the discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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6
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Pfeil M, Engesser TA, Krahmer J, Näther C, Tuczek F. Bonding and Activation of N
2
in Molybdenum(0) Complexes Supported by Tripod Ligands with Phospholane End Groups. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Pfeil
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 D-24118 Kiel
| | - Tobias A. Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 D-24118 Kiel
| | - Jan Krahmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 D-24118 Kiel
| | - Christian Näther
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 D-24118 Kiel
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 D-24118 Kiel
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7
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Christopher Jeyakumar T, Deepa M, Baskaran S, Sivasankar C. Construction of frustrated Lewis pair from nitride and phosphine for the activation and cleavage of molecular hydrogen. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thayalaraj Christopher Jeyakumar
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Pondicherry University (A Central University) R. V. Nagar Puducherry 605 014 India
| | - Masilamani Deepa
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry Muthurangam Government Arts College Vellore Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sambath Baskaran
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Pondicherry University (A Central University) R. V. Nagar Puducherry 605 014 India
| | - Chinnappan Sivasankar
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Pondicherry University (A Central University) R. V. Nagar Puducherry 605 014 India
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8
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Sivasankar C, Madarasi PK, Tamizmani M. Activation and Functionalization of Dinitrogen in the Presence of Molecular Hydrogen Promoted by Transition Metal Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinnappan Sivasankar
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory Department of Chemistry Pondicherry University R. V. Nagar 605 014 Puducherry India
| | | | - Masilamani Tamizmani
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road 200032 Shanghai P. R. China
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9
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Terminal uranium(V)-nitride hydrogenations involving direct addition or Frustrated Lewis Pair mechanisms. Nat Commun 2020; 11:337. [PMID: 31953390 PMCID: PMC6969212 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their importance as mechanistic models for heterogeneous Haber Bosch ammonia synthesis from dinitrogen and dihydrogen, homogeneous molecular terminal metal-nitrides are notoriously unreactive towards dihydrogen, and only a few electron-rich, low-coordinate variants demonstrate any hydrogenolysis chemistry. Here, we report hydrogenolysis of a terminal uranium(V)-nitride under mild conditions even though it is electron-poor and not low-coordinate. Two divergent hydrogenolysis mechanisms are found; direct 1,2-dihydrogen addition across the uranium(V)-nitride then H-atom 1,1-migratory insertion to give a uranium(III)-amide, or with trimesitylborane a Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) route that produces a uranium(IV)-amide with sacrificial trimesitylborane radical anion. An isostructural uranium(VI)-nitride is inert to hydrogenolysis, suggesting the 5f1 electron of the uranium(V)-nitride is not purely non-bonding. Further FLP reactivity between the uranium(IV)-amide, dihydrogen, and triphenylborane is suggested by the formation of ammonia-triphenylborane. A reactivity cycle for ammonia synthesis is demonstrated, and this work establishes a unique marriage of actinide and FLP chemistries. Despite their importance as mechanistic models for Haber Bosch ammonia synthesis from N2 and H2, high oxidation state terminal metal-nitrides are notoriously unreactive towards H2. Here, the authors report hydrogenolysis of a uranium(V)-nitride, which can occur directly or by Frustrated Lewis Pair chemistry with a borane ancillary.
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10
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Pfeil M, Engesser TA, Koch A, Junge J, Krahmer J, Näther C, Tuczek F. Oligodentate Phosphine Ligands with Phospholane End Groups: New Synthetic Access and Application to Molybdenum‐Based Synthetic Nitrogen Fixation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Pfeil
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel Max‐Eyth‐Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Tobias A. Engesser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel Max‐Eyth‐Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Alexander Koch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel Max‐Eyth‐Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Jannik Junge
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel Max‐Eyth‐Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Jan Krahmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel Max‐Eyth‐Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Christian Näther
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel Max‐Eyth‐Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel Max‐Eyth‐Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
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11
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Doyle LR, Wooles AJ, Liddle ST. Bimetallic Cooperative Cleavage of Dinitrogen to Nitride and Tandem Frustrated Lewis Pair Hydrogenation to Ammonia. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6674-6677. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence R. Doyle
- School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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12
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Doyle LR, Wooles AJ, Liddle ST. Bimetallic Cooperative Cleavage of Dinitrogen to Nitride and Tandem Frustrated Lewis Pair Hydrogenation to Ammonia. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence R. Doyle
- School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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13
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Possibility of reducing the coordinated dinitrogen into ammonia and hydrazine using [Ru-L] (L = triamidoamine) and FLP-H
$$_{2}$$
2
: A DFT study. J CHEM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-018-1460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Kireev NV, Filippov OA, Pavlov AA, Epstein LM, Makhaev VD, Dyadchenko VP, Shubina ES, Belkova NV. Steric and Acidity Control in Hydrogen Bonding and Proton Transfer to trans-W(N 2) 2(dppe) 2. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1656-1664. [PMID: 29350026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of trans-W(N2)2(dppe)2 (1; dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) with relatively weak acids (p-nitrophenol, fluorinated alcohols, CF3COOH) was studied by means of variable temperature IR and NMR spectroscopy and complemented by DFT/B3PW91-D3 calculations. The results show, for the first time, the formation of a hydrogen bond to the coordinated dinitrogen, W-N≡N···H-O, that is preferred over H-bonding to the metal atom, W···H-O, despite the higher proton affinity of the latter. Protonation of the core metal-the undesirable side step in the conversion of N2 to NH3-can be avoided by using weaker and, more importantly, bulkier acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay V Kireev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS) , 28 Vavilova St, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg A Filippov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS) , 28 Vavilova St, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Pavlov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS) , 28 Vavilova St, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lina M Epstein
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS) , 28 Vavilova St, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor D Makhaev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCP RAS) , 1 Academician Semenov Avenue, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Oblast, Russia
| | - Victor P Dyadchenko
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S Shubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS) , 28 Vavilova St, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Belkova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS) , 28 Vavilova St, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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