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Strasser P, Plavcan O, Ajvazi E, Henke H, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I. Hetero and homo α,ω-chain-end functionalized polyphosphazenes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022; 60:2000-2007. [PMID: 35915665 PMCID: PMC9325445 DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The control of chain-ends is fundamental in modern macromolecular chemistry for directed one-to-one bioconjugation and the synthesis of advanced architectures such as block copolymers or bottlebrush polymers and the preparation of advanced soft materials. Polyphosphazenes are of growing importance as elastomers, biodegradable materials and in biomedical drug delivery due to their synthetic versatility. While controlled polymerization methods have been known for some time, controlling both chain-ends with high fidelity has proven difficult. We demonstrate a robust synthetic route to hetero and homo α,ω-chain-end functionalized polyphosphazenes via end-capping with easily accessible, functionalized triphenylphosphine-based phosphoranimines. A versatile thiol-ene "click"-reaction approach then allows for subsequent conversion of the end-capped polymers with various functional groups. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of this system to prepare gels based on homo α,ω-chain-end functionalized polyphosphazenes. This development will enhance their progress in various applications, particularly in soft materials and as degradable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Strasser
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzLinzAustria
| | - Oliver Plavcan
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzLinzAustria
| | - Edip Ajvazi
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzLinzAustria
| | - Helena Henke
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzLinzAustria
- Centre for Additive ManufacturingUniversity of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton RoadNottingham, NG8 1BBUK
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzLinzAustria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzLinzAustria
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Abid MA, Hussain S, Intisar A, Rizwan M, Ain Q, Mutahir Z, Yar M, Aamir A, Qureshi AK, Jamil M. Synthesis, characterization, hydrolytic degradation, mathematical modeling and antibacterial activity of poly[bis((methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)phosphazene] (MEEP). Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Although the best-known examples of synthetic polymers are derived from carbon-based monomers, there exists another large and growing family of macromolecules based on the chemistry of phosphorus. These are the poly(organophosphazenes): polymers with a backbone of alternating phosphorus and nitrogen atoms and with two organic side groups attached to each phosphorus. The methods of synthesis of these polymers allow access to property combinations not found in all-organic counterparts, and this provides pathways to new materials that are important in biomedical research, energy generation and storage, aerospace materials, and numerous other specialized applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry R Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Strasser P, Teasdale I. Main-Chain Phosphorus-Containing Polymers for Therapeutic Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E1716. [PMID: 32276516 PMCID: PMC7181247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers in which phosphorus is an integral part of the main chain, including polyphosphazenes and polyphosphoesters, have been widely investigated in recent years for their potential in a number of therapeutic applications. Phosphorus, as the central feature of these polymers, endears the chemical functionalization, and in some cases (bio)degradability, to facilitate their use in such therapeutic formulations. Recent advances in the synthetic polymer chemistry have allowed for controlled synthesis methods in order to prepare the complex macromolecular structures required, alongside the control and reproducibility desired for such medical applications. While the main polymer families described herein, polyphosphazenes and polyphosphoesters and their analogues, as well as phosphorus-based dendrimers, have hitherto predominantly been investigated in isolation from one another, this review aims to highlight and bring together some of this research. In doing so, the focus is placed on the essential, and often mutual, design features and structure-property relationships that allow the preparation of such functional materials. The first part of the review details the relevant features of phosphorus-containing polymers in respect to their use in therapeutic applications, while the second part highlights some recent and innovative applications, offering insights into the most state-of-the-art research on phosphorus-based polymers in a therapeutic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Strasser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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Gascón E, Maisanaba S, Otal I, Valero E, Repetto G, Jones PG, Jiménez J. (Amino)cyclophosphazenes as Multisite Ligands for the Synthesis of Antitumoral and Antibacterial Silver(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2464-2483. [PMID: 31984738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the multisite (amino)cyclotriphosphazene ligands, [N3P3(NHCy)6] and [N3P3(NHCy)3(NMe2)3], has been explored in order to obtain silver(I) metallophosphazene complexes. Two series of cationic silver(I) metallophosphazenes were obtained and characterized: [N3P3(NHCy)6{AgL}n](TfO)n [n = 2, L = PPh3 (2), PPh2Me (4); n = 3, L = PPh3 (3), PPh2Me (5), TPA (TPA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane, 6)] and nongem-trans-[N3P3(NHCy)3(NMe2)3{AgL}n](TfO)n [n = 2, L = PPh3 (7), PPh2Me (9); n = 3, L = PPh3 (8), PPh2Me (10)]. 5, 7, and 9 have also been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thereby allowing key bonding information to be obtained. Compounds 2-6, 9, and 10 were screened for in vitro cytotoxic activity against two tumor human cell lines, MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma) and HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), and for antimicrobial activity against five bacterial species including Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and Mycobacteria strains. Both the IC50 and MIC values revealed excellent biological activity for these metal complexes, compared with their precursors and cisplatin and also AgNO3 and silver sulfadiazine, respectively. Both IC50 and MIC values are among the lowest values found for any silver derivatives against the cell lines and bacterial strains used in this work. The structure-activity relationships were clear. The most cytotoxic and antimicrobial derivatives were those with the triphenylphosphane and [N3P3(NHCy)6] ligands. A significant improvement in the activity was also observed upon a rise in the number of silver atoms linked to the phosphazene ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gascón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC , Pedro Cerbuna 12 , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Sara Maisanaba
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Área de Toxicología , Universidad Pablo de Olavide , Ctra. Utrera, Km 1 , 41013 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Isabel Otal
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública , Universidad de Zaragoza , Zaragoza 50009 , Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III , CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias , E-28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Eva Valero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Área Nutrición y Bromatología , Universidad Pablo de Olavide , Ctra. Utrera, Km 1 , 41013 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Guillermo Repetto
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Área de Toxicología , Universidad Pablo de Olavide , Ctra. Utrera, Km 1 , 41013 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Peter G Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30 , D-38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Josefina Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC , Pedro Cerbuna 12 , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
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Khanin D, Kononevich Y, Temnikov M, Morgalyuk V, Vasil'ev V, Popov A, Brel V, Papkov V, Muzafarov A. New hybrid materials based on cyclophosphazene and polysiloxane precursors: Synthesis and properties. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
This microreview details recent developments in stimuli-responsive polymers with phosphorus in the main-chain, in particular polyphosphazenes and polyphosphoesters. The presence of phosphorus in the polymers endows unique properties onto the macromolecules, which can be utilized for the preparation of materials capable of physically responding to specific stimuli. Achieving the desired responsiveness has been much facilitated by recent developments in synthetic polymer chemistry, in particular controlled synthesis and backbone functionalization phosphorus-based polymers, in order to achieve the required properties and hence responsiveness of the materials. The development of phosphorus-based polymers which respond to the most important stimuli are discussed, namely, pH, oxidation, reduction, temperature and biological triggers. The polymers are placed in the context not just of each other but also with reference to state-of-the-art organic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Straße 694040LinzAustria
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Vidal F, Jäkle F. Functional Polymeric Materials Based on Main‐Group Elements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5846-5870. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vidal
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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Vidal F, Jäkle F. Funktionelle polymere Materialien auf der Basis von Hauptgruppen‐Elementen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vidal
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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