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Song Y, Dong QQ, Ni YK, Xu XL, Chen CX, Chen W. Nano-Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (Nano-PROTACs) in Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:5739-5761. [PMID: 38882545 PMCID: PMC11180470 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s448684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are heterobifunctional molecules that have the capability to induce specific protein degradation. While playing a revolutionary role in effectively degrading the protein of interest (POI), PROTACs encounter certain limitations that impede their clinical translation. These limitations encompass off-target effects, inadequate cell membrane permeability, and the hook effect. The advent of nanotechnology presents a promising avenue to surmount the challenges associated with conventional PROTACs. The utilization of nano-proteolysis targeting chimeras (nano-PROTACs) holds the potential to enhance specific tissue accumulation, augment membrane permeability, and enable controlled release. Consequently, this approach has the capacity to significantly enhance the controllable degradation of target proteins. Additionally, they enable a synergistic effect by combining with other therapeutic strategies. This review comprehensively summarizes the structural basis, advantages, and limitations of PROTACs. Furthermore, it highlights the latest advancements in nanosystems engineered for delivering PROTACs, as well as the development of nano-sized PROTACs employing nanocarriers as linkers. Moreover, it delves into the underlying principles of nanotechnology tailored specifically for PROTACs, alongside the current prospects of clinical research. In conclusion, the integration of nanotechnology into PROTACs harbors vast potential in enhancing the anti-tumor treatment response and expediting clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Song
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qing Dong
- ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ke Ni
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao-Xiang Chen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
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Zygouri E, Bekiari V, Malis G, Karamanos NK, Koutsakis C, Psomas G, Tangoulis V. pH-Sensitive Gold Nanorods for Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Delivery and DNA-Binding Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093780. [PMID: 37175189 PMCID: PMC10179929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile experimental protocol for the synthesis of poly(ethylene glycol)-modified (PEGylated) gold nanorods (AuNRs@PEG) is presented as well as an effective drug loading procedure using the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) naproxen (NAP). The interaction of AuNRs@PEG and drug-loaded AuNRs (AuNRs@PEG@NAP) with calf-thymus DNA was studied at a diverse temperature revealing different interaction modes; AuNRs@PEG may interact via groove-binding and AuNRs@PEG@NAP may intercalate to DNA-bases. The cleavage activity of the gold nanoparticles for supercoiled circular pBR322 plasmid DNA was studied by gel electrophoresis while their affinity for human and bovine serum albumins was also evaluated. Drug-release studies revealed a pH-sensitive behavior with a release up to a maximum of 24% and 33% NAP within the first 180 min at pH = 4.2 and 6.8, respectively. The cytotoxicity of AuNRs@PEG and AuNRs@PEG@NAP was evaluated against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. The development of AuNRs as an efficient non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) delivery system for chemotherapy is still in its infancy. The present work can shed light and inspire other research groups to work in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Zygouri
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Vlasoula Bekiari
- Department of Crop Science, University of Patras, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece
| | - Georgios Malis
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Koutsakis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - George Psomas
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Tangoulis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Magnetic Nanocomposites of Coated Ferrites/MOF as Pesticide Adsorbents. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010039. [PMID: 36615234 PMCID: PMC9821965 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic metal-organic frameworks (MMOFs) are gaining increased attention as emerging adsorbents/water remediation agents. Herein, a facile development of novel MMOFs comprised of coated ferrite nanoparticles (MNPs) and UiO-66 metal-organic framework is reported. In specific, coated Co- and Zn-doped ferrite magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized as building block while the metal-organic framework was grown in the presence of MNPs via a semi-self-assembly approach. The utilization of coated MNPs facilitated the conjugation and stands as a novel strategy for fabricating MMOFs with increased stability and an explicit structure. MMOFs were isolated with 13-25 nm crystallites sizes, 244-332 m2/g specific surface area (SSA) and 22-42 emu/g saturation magnetization values. Establishing the UiO-66 framework via the reported semi-self-assembly resulted in roughly 70% reduction in both magnetic properties and SSA, compared with the initial MNPs building blocks and UiO-66 framework, respectively. Nonetheless, the remaining 30% of the magnetization and SSA was adequate for successful and sufficient adsorption of two different pesticides, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), while the recovery with a commercial magnet and reuse were also found to be effective. Adsorption and kinetic studies for all three MMOFs and both pesticides were performed, and data were fitted to Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm models.
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Polyzou CD, Gkolfi P, Chasapis CT, Bekiari V, Zianna A, Psomas G, Ondrej M, Tangoulis V. Stimuli-responsive spin crossover nanoparticles for drug delivery and DNA-binding studies. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12427-12431. [PMID: 35920617 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01509a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aminated silica hybrid, spin-crossover (SCO) nanoparticles (AmNPs) coupled with (S)-naproxen (NAP) were proposed for potential drug nanocarriers through drug release experiments at various pH values. DNA- and albumin-binding studies were also carried out using diverse techniques in order to investigate the interaction of the nanoparticles with calf-thymus DNA and serum albumins and to determine the corresponding binding constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina D Polyzou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Patroula Gkolfi
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Christos T Chasapis
- NMR Facility, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Vlasoula Bekiari
- Department of Crop Science, University of Patras, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece
| | - Ariadni Zianna
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - George Psomas
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - Malina Ondrej
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vassilis Tangoulis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
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Naik JR, David M. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Caesalpinia bonducella leaf extract: characterization and evaluation of in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2021.2025093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarnain R. Naik
- Enivronmental Biology and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India
| | - M. David
- Enivronmental Biology and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India
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Antonoglou O, Giannousi K, Mourdikoudis S, Dendrinou-Samara C. Magnetic nanoemulsions as candidates for Alzheimer's disease dual imaging theranostics. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:465702. [PMID: 32750688 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abac35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia linked to the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques-fibrils that impair cognitive functions. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are emerging as promising tools for the crusade against AD owning to appropriate biocompatibility and facile functionalization that can lead to theranostic agents. Herein, the fabrication of a multimodal (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorescence imaging, and drug carrier) magnetic nanoemulsion (MNE) is reported as an AD theranostic candidate. Initially zinc ferrite MNPs of high saturation magnetization (129 emu g-1) were synthesized through a modified microwave-assisted polyol process. Memantine (a registered AD drug) was labeled with fluorescein (Mem-Flu) and encapsulated with the MNPs in sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles to form the MNE. Small hydrodynamic size (107), high encapsulation (77.5%) and loading efficiencies (86.1%) and sufficient transverse relaxivity (48.7 mM-1 s-1) were achieved through the design while sustained release of Mem-Flu was unveiled by in zero-order, first-order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas pharmacokinetic models. Moreover, the MNE acquired fluorescence imaging ability of Aβ1-42 peptide monomers and/or plaques-fibrils via the fluorescein labeling of Memantine. A novel inorganic-organic hybrid multimodal AD theranostic candidate is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Antonoglou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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Giannousi K, Geromichalos G, Kakolyri D, Mourdikoudis S, Dendrinou-Samara C. Interaction of ZnO Nanostructures with Proteins: In Vitro Fibrillation/Antifibrillation Studies and in Silico Molecular Docking Simulations. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:436-444. [PMID: 31904211 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein amyloidosis is related to many neurological disorders. Nanoparticles (NPs) due to their small size can regulate both the polypeptide monomers/oligomers assembly into amyloid fibrils/plaques and the disintegration of the existent plaques. Herein, we have synthesized ZnO nanoflowers and polyol-coated ZnO NPs of relatively small size (40 nm) with cylindrical shape, through solvothermal and microwave-assisted routes, respectively. The effect of the different morphology of nanostructures on the fibrillation/antifibrillation process was monitored in bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human insulin (HI) by fluorescence Thioflavin T (ThT) measurements. Although both nanomaterials affected the amyloid formation mechanism as well as their disaggregation, ZnO nanoflowers with their sharp edges exhibited the greatest amyloid degradation rate in both model proteins (73% and 35%, respectively) and inhibited the most the insulin fibril growth, while restrained also the fibrillation process in the case of albumin solution. In silico molecular docking simulations on the crystal structure of BSA and HI were performed to analyze further the observed in vitro activity of ZnO nanostructures. The binding energy of ZnO NPs was found lower for BSA (-5.44), highlighting their ability to act as catalysts in the fibrillation process of albumin monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleoniki Giannousi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - George Geromichalos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dionysia Kakolyri
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Stefanos Mourdikoudis
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, United Kingdom
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Dendrinou-Samara
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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