1
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Newman PD, Platts JA, Alrashidi B, Pope SJA, Kariuki BM. A noble nexus: a phosphino-phen ligand for tethering precious metals. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:15539-15550. [PMID: 39229681 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt02130d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Controlled formation of mixed-metal bimetallics was achieved via two derivatised 1,10-phenanthroline ligands bearing an imino- or amino-phosphine appendage at the 5-position. Selective coordination of the phen group to the [Re(CO)3Cl] core was achieved enabling precise construction of bimetallic complexes with a second rhenium centre or with gold. The mixed Ru/Au complex was similarly obtained with the imino-phosphine but access to the heterobimetallic iridium systems required prior formation of the P-bound gold complexes subsequent to the introduction of the [Ir(Ppy)2]+ fragment. The Re/Pd, Re/Pt, Ir/Pd and Ir/Pt compounds were prepared from the combination of κ-N'',P-Pd(Pt)Cl2 and the appropriate rhenium or iridium precursors. Spectroscopic and theoretical analyses have been employed to investigate the structural and electronic impact of the second metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Newman
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK, CF10 3AT.
| | - James A Platts
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK, CF10 3AT.
| | - Basheer Alrashidi
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK, CF10 3AT.
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK, CF10 3AT.
| | - Benson M Kariuki
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK, CF10 3AT.
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2
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Solea AB, Demirci G, Harvey FM, Crochet A, Zobi F, Mamula Steiner O. The role of stereochemistry in the anticancer activity of Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:13743-13755. [PMID: 39021254 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01643b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for about one among six deaths, so the quest for new and improved therapies is of crucial importance. The discovery of cisplatin as an anticancer agent has paved the way for the development of other metal-based therapeutic agents and Re(I)-based candidates have been recently found to show promising results. It is known as well that chirality plays a central role in the interactions of metal-based drugs with intrinsically chiral biomolecules such as membrane transport proteins or DNA. To further exploit this property, we have developed a series of diastereomeric dinuclear Re(I) complexes with chiral ligands containing pinene-bipyridine units. These complexes offer unique insights into the relation between stereochemistry and biological activity. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, spectroscopic analysis, including UV-Vis and circular dichroism (CD), confirmed the chiral structures of these complexes. Biological activity assessments were carried out against various cancer cell lines, with a particular focus on breast and colon cancer. The diastereomers exhibited distinct anticancer activities, with some displaying promising results. Notably, one diastereomer showed exceptional cytotoxicity against HCT116 and MCF-7 cancer cells. This research underscores the significance of chirality in the design of novel anticancer agents, providing insights into the potential of dinuclear Re(I) complexes as effective candidates for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena B Solea
- University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, HES-SO, HEIA-FR, Pérolles 80, CH-1705 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Gozde Demirci
- University of Fribourg, Department of Chemistry, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Freya M Harvey
- University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, HES-SO, HEIA-FR, Pérolles 80, CH-1705 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Aurelien Crochet
- University of Fribourg, Department of Chemistry, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Zobi
- University of Fribourg, Department of Chemistry, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Olimpia Mamula Steiner
- University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, HES-SO, HEIA-FR, Pérolles 80, CH-1705 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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3
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Kushwaha R, Upadhyay A, Saha S, Yadav AK, Bera A, Dutta A, Banerjee S. Cancer phototherapy by CO releasing terpyridine-based Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes via ROS generation and NADH oxidation. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39078263 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01309c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Here, we have synthesized and characterized three visible light responsive terpyridine based-Re(I)-tricarbonyl complexes; [Re(CO)3(ph-tpy)Cl] (Retp1), [Re(CO)3(an-tpy)Cl] (Retp2), and [Re(CO)3(py-tpy)Cl] (Retp3) where ph-tpy = 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine; an-tpy = 4'-anthracenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine, py-tpy = 4'-pyrenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine. The structures of Retp1 and Retp2 were confirmed from the SC-XRD data, indicating distorted octahedral structures. Unlike traditional PDT agents, these complexes generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) via type I and type II pathways and oxidized redox crucial NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) upon visible light exposure. Retp3 showed significant mitochondrial localization and demonstrated photoactivated anticancer activity (IC50 ∼ 2 µM) by inducing ROS-mediated cell death in cancer cells selectively (photocytotoxicity Index, PI > 28) upon compromising mitochondrial function in A549 cells. Their diagnostic capabilities were ultimately assessed using clinically relevant 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
| | - Aarti Upadhyay
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Sukanta Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
| | - Arpan Bera
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Arnab Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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4
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Kushwaha R, Upadhyay A, Peters S, Yadav AK, Mishra A, Bera A, Sadhukhan T, Banerjee S. Visible and Red Light-Triggered Anticancer Profile of a Ferrocene-Re(I)-Tricarbonyl Conjugate: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:12226-12238. [PMID: 38814099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
We have red-shifted the light absorbance property of a Re(I)-tricarbonyl complex via distant conjugation of a ferrocene moiety and developed a novel complex ReFctp, [Re(Fctp)(CO)3Cl], where Fctp = 4'-ferrocenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine. ReFctp showed green to red light absorption ability and blue emission, indicating its potential for photodynamic therapy (PDT) application. The conjugation of ferrocene introduced ferrocene-based transitions, which lie at a higher wavelength within the PDT therapeutic window. The time-dependent density functional theory and excited state calculations revealed an efficient intersystem crossing for ReFctp, which is helpful for PDT. ReFctp elicited both PDT type I and type II pathways for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and facilitated NADH (1,4-dihydro-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) oxidation upon exposure to visible light. Importantly, ReFctp showed effective penetration through the layers of clinically relevant 3D multicellular tumor spheroids and localized primarily in mitochondria (Pearson's correlation coefficient, PCC = 0.65) of A549 cancer cells. ReFctp produced more than 20 times higher phototoxicity (IC50 ∼1.5 μM) by inducing ROS generation and altering mitochondrial membrane potential in A549 cancer cells than the nonferrocene analogue Retp, [Re(CO)3(tp)Cl], where tp = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine. ReFctp induced apoptotic mode of cell death with a notable photocytotoxicity index (PI, PI = IC50dark/IC50light) and selectivity index (SI, SI = normal cell's IC50dark/cancer cell's IC50light) in the range of 25-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Aarti Upadhyay
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Silda Peters
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Arya Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Arpan Bera
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Tumpa Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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5
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Levina A, Wardhani K, Stephens LJ, Werrett MV, Caporale C, Dallerba E, Blair VL, Massi M, Lay PA, Andrews PC. Neutral rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes with sulfur-donor ligands: anti-proliferative activity and cellular localization. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7866-7879. [PMID: 38632950 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00149d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes are widely studied for their cell imaging properties and anti-cancer and anti-microbial activities, but the complexes with S-donor ligands remain relatively unexplored. A series of six fac-[Re(NN)(CO)3(SR)] complexes, where (NN) is 2,2'-bipyridyl (bipy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), and RSH is a series of thiocarboxylic acid methyl esters, have been synthesized and characterized. Cellular uptake and anti-proliferative activities of these complexes in human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) were generally lower than those of the previously described fac-[Re(NN)(CO)3(OH2)]+ complexes; however, one of the complexes, fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)(SC(Ph)CH2C(O)OMe)] (3b), was active (IC50 ∼ 10 μM at 72 h treatment) in thiol-depleted MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, unlike fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)(OH2)]+, this complex did not lose activity in the presence of extracellular glutathione. Taken together these properties show promise for further development of 3b and its analogues as potential anti-cancer drugs for co-treatment with thiol-depleting agents. Conversely, the stable and non-toxic complex, fac-[Re(bipy)(CO)3(SC(Me)C(O)OMe)] (1a), predominantly localized in the lysosomes of MDA-MB-231 cells, as shown by live cell confocal microscopy (λex = 405 nm, λem = 470-570 nm). It is strongly localized in a subset of lysosomes (25 μM Re, 4 h treatment), as shown by co-localization with a Lysotracker dye. Longer treatment times with 1a (25 μM Re for 48 h) resulted in partial migration of the probe into the mitochondria, as shown by co-localization with a Mitotracker dye. These properties make complex 1a an attractive target for further development as an organelle probe for multimodal imaging, including phosphorescence, carbonyl tag for vibrational spectroscopy, and Re tag for X-ray fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Kartika Wardhani
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Liam J Stephens
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Melissa V Werrett
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Chiara Caporale
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Elena Dallerba
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Victoria L Blair
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | | | - Peter A Lay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Philip C Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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6
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Montesdeoca N, Borkar RL, Sathiyendiran M, Karges J. Dinuclear Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes as Anticancer Drug Candidates. Chemistry 2024:e202400217. [PMID: 38574234 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. Chemotherapy remains one of the most dominant forms for anticancer treatment. Despite their clinical success, the used chemotherapeutic agents are associated with severe side effect and pharmacological limitations. To overcome these drawbacks there is a need for the development of new types of chemotherapeutic agents. Herein, the chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of dinuclear rhenium(I) complexes as potential chemotherapeutic drug candidates are proposed. The metal complexes were found to be internalized by an energy dependent endocytosis pathway, primary accumulating in the mitochondria. The rhenium(I) complexes demonstrated to induce cell death against a variety of cancer cells in the micromolar range through apoptosis. The lead compound showed to eradicate a pancreatic carcinoma multicellular tumor spheroid at micromolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Montesdeoca
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Reema L Borkar
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | | | - Johannes Karges
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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7
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Platts JA, Kariuki BM, Newman PD. Welcoming Neighbour or Inhospitable Host? Selective Second Metal Binding in 5- and 6-Phospha-Substituted Bpy Ligands. Molecules 2024; 29:1150. [PMID: 38474663 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The controlled formation of mixed-metal bimetallics was realised through use of a fac-[Re(CO)3(N,N'-bpy-P)Cl] complex bearing an exogenous 2,4,6-trioxa-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-phosphaadamantane donor at the 5-position of the bpy. The introduction of gold, silver, and rhodium with appropriate secondary ligands was readily achieved from established starting materials. Restricted rotation about the C(bpy)-P bond was observed in several of the bimetallic complexes and correlated with the relative steric bulk of the second metal moiety. Related chemistry with the 6-substituted derivative proved more limited in scope with only the bimetallic Re/Au complex being isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Platts
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | | | - Paul D Newman
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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8
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Ragone F, Yañuk JG, Cabrerizo FM, Prieto E, Wolcan E, Ruiz GT. DNA structural changes (photo)induced by tricarbonyl (pterin)rhenium(I) complex. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 252:112471. [PMID: 38181612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
We report on interactions of different types of DNA molecules including double-stranded and plasmid DNA as well as polynucleotides (poly[dGdC]2 and poly[dAdT]2) with fac-[ReI(CO)3(pterin)(H2O)] (or Reptr) complex. The interaction was characterized spectroscopically and changes in the plasmid structure were verified by both electrophoresis and AFM microscopy. For comparative reasons, two others related tricarbonyl rhenium(I) complexes, fac-[(4,4'-bpy)ReI(CO)3(dppz)]+ (or Redppz) and fac-[(CF3SO3)ReI(CO)3(2,2'-bpy)] (or Rebpy) were also studied to further explore the influence of the different co-ligands on the interaction and DNA (photo)damage. Data reported herein suggests that DNA molecules can be structurally modified either by direct interaction with Re(I) complexes in their ground states inducing DNA relaxation, and/or through photoinduced cross-linking processes. The chemical nature of the co-ligands modulates the extent of the damage observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ragone
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, Sucursal 4, C.C. 16, (B1906ZAA) La Plata, Argentina
| | - J G Yañuk
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina; Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Argentina
| | - F M Cabrerizo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina; Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Argentina.
| | - E Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, Sucursal 4, C.C. 16, (B1906ZAA) La Plata, Argentina; ICS-UNAJ, Avenida Calchaqui 6200 Florencio Varela, Argentina
| | - E Wolcan
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, Sucursal 4, C.C. 16, (B1906ZAA) La Plata, Argentina
| | - G T Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, Sucursal 4, C.C. 16, (B1906ZAA) La Plata, Argentina.
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9
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Palma E, Santos JF, Fernandes C, Paulo A. DNA-Targeted Complexes of Tc and Re for Biomedical Applications. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303591. [PMID: 38038361 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to their favorable chemical features, Re and Tc complexes have been widely used for the development of new therapeutic agents and imaging probes to solve problems of biomedical relevance. This review provides an update of the most relevant research efforts towards the development of novel cancer theranostic agents using Re and Tc-based compounds interacting with specific DNA structures. This includes a variety of homometallic complexes, namely those containing M(CO)3 (M=Re, Tc) moieties, that exhibit different modes of interaction with DNA, such as covalent binding, intercalation, groove binding or G-quadruplex DNA binding. Additionally, heterometallic complexes, designed to potentiate synergistic effects of different metal centers to improve DNA-targeting, cytotoxicity and fluorescence properties, are also reviewed. Particular attention is also given to 99m Tc- and 188 Re-labeled oligonucleotides that have been widely explored to develop imaging and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals through the in vivo hybridization with a specific complementary DNA or RNA target sequence to provide useful molecular tools in precision medicine for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Finally, the need for further improvement of DNA-targeted Re and Tc-based compounds as potential therapeutic and diagnostic agents is highlighted, and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Palma
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias, Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana F Santos
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias, Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Célia Fernandes
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias, Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
- DECN - Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Paulo
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias, Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
- DECN - Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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10
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Knighton RC, Pope SJA. Synthesis and luminescent properties of hetero-bimetallic and hetero-trimetallic Ru(II)/Au(I) or Ir(III)/Au(I) complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4165-4174. [PMID: 38318847 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03690a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
A series of Ru(II) and Ir(III) based photoluminescent complexes were synthesised that incorporate an ancillary 2,2'-bipyridine ligand adorned with either one or two pendant N-methyl imidazolium groups. These complexes have been fully characterised by an array of spectroscopic and analytical techniques. One Ir(III) example was unequivocally structurally characterised in the solid state using single crystal X-ray diffraction confirming the proposed formulation and coordination sphere. These complexes were then transformed into their heterometallic, Au(I)-containing, analogues in two steps to yield either bi- or trimetallic complexes that integrate {Au(PPh3)}+ units. X-ray diffraction was used to corroborate the solid state structure of the hetero bimetallic complex, based upon a Ru(II)-Au(I) species. The heterometallic complexes all displayed red photoluminescent features (λem = 616-629 nm) that were consistent with the parent Ru(II) or Ir(III) lumophores in each case. The modulation of the emission from the Ru(II)-Au(I) complexes was much more strongly evident than for the Ir(III)-Au(I) analogues, which is ascribed to the inherent differences in the specific triplet excited state character of the emitting states within each heterometallic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Knighton
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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11
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Das S, Joshi P, Patra M. Necrosis-Inducing High-Valent Oxo-Rhenium(V) Complexes with Potent Antitumor Activity: Synthesis, Aquation Chemistry, Cisplatin Cross-Resistance Profile, and Mechanism of Action. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19720-19733. [PMID: 37974075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy with the cytotoxic platinum (Pt) drugs cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin is the mainstay of anticancer therapy in the clinic. The antitumor activity of Pt drugs originates from their ability to induce apoptosis via covalent adduct formation with nuclear DNA. While the phenomenal clinical success is highly encouraging, resistance and adverse toxic side effects limit the wider applicability of Pt drugs. To circumvent these limitations, we embarked on an effort to explore the antitumor potential of a new class of oxo-rhenium(V) complexes of the type [(N∧N)(EG)Re(O)Cl] (where EG = ethylene glycolate and N∧N = bipyridine, Bpy (1); phenanthroline, Phen (2); 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-phenanthroline, Me4Phen (3)). Investigation of speciation chemistry in aqueous media revealed the formation of [(N∧N)Re(O)(OH)3] as the biologically active species. Complex 3 was found to be the most potent among the three, with IC50 values ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 μM against a panel of cancer cells, which is 5-70-fold lower when compared with cisplatin. The higher potency of 3 is attributed to its higher lipophilicity, which enhanced cellular uptake. Importantly, complex 3 efficiently overcomes cisplatin resistance in ovarian, lung, and prostate cancer cells. In addition to reporting the aquation chemistry and identifying the active species in aqueous media, we performed in-depth in vitro mechanistic studies, which revealed that complex 3 preferentially accumulates in mitochondria, depletes mitochondrial membrane potential, and upregulates intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to ER stress-mediated necrosis-mediated cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Das
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Navy Nagar, 400005 Mumbai, India
| | - Pulkit Joshi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Navy Nagar, 400005 Mumbai, India
| | - Malay Patra
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Navy Nagar, 400005 Mumbai, India
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12
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Phukon U, Kedia M, Shankar B, Sathiyendiran M. Rhenium-Pyrazolyl-Based Figure-Eight- and Z-Shaped Metallocycles: Self-Assembly, Solid-State Structures, Dynamic Properties in Solution, and Competitive Ligand-Induced Supramolecular Transformations into Rhenium-Pyridyl/-Benzimidazolyl/-Phosphine-Based Metallocycles/Acyclic Complexes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:41773-41784. [PMID: 37969972 PMCID: PMC10633831 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Rhenium(I)tricarbonyl core-based heteroleptic "figure-eight"- and Z-shaped metallocycles (1a-4a) of the general formula fac-[{(CO)3Re(μ-L)Re(CO)3}2(dppz)2] were self-assembled from Re2(CO)10, H2-L (H2-L = 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthaquinone (H2-dhnq) for 1a; 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone (H2-dhaq) for 2a; 6,11-dihydroxy-5,12-naphthacenedione (H2-dhnd) for 3a; 2,2'-bisbenzimidazole (H2-bbim) for 4a), and bis(4-((pyrazolyl)methyl)phenylmethane) (dppz) via one-pot coordination-driven synthetic approach. The molecular structures of 1a and 4a were unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) methods. The metallocycles in the DMSO solution exist as an acyclic dinuclear-DMSO adduct of the general formula fac-[{(CO)3Re(μ-L)Re(CO)3}(DMSO)2] (1b, L = dhnq; 2b, L = dhaq; 3b, L = dhnd; 4b, L = bbim) and dppz, which are in dynamic equilibrium. The dynamic behavior of the rhenium-pyrazolyl bond in the solution state was effectively utilized to transform metallocycles 1a-4a into pyridyl/benzimidazolyl/phosphine donor-based heteroleptic metallocycles and acyclic dinuclear complexes (4-13). These include tetranuclear rectangles fac-[{(CO)3Re(μ-L)Re(CO)3}2(4,4'-bpy)2] (4 and 11, L = dhaq for 4 and bbim for 11), dinuclear metallocycles fac-[{(CO)3Re(μ-L)Re(CO)3}(dpbim)] (5-7 and 12; L = dhnq for 5, dhaq for 6, dhnd for 7, and bbim for 12), and dinuclear acyclic complexes fac-[{(CO)3Re(μ-L)Re(CO)3}(PTA)2] (8-10 and 13; L = dhnq for 8, dhaq for 9, dhnd for 10, and bbim for 13). These transformations were achieved through component-induced supramolecular reactions while treating with competitive ligands 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bpy), bis(4-((1H-benzoimidazole-1-yl)methyl)phenyl)methane (dpbim), and 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA). The reaction mixture in the solution was analyzed using NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis. Additionally, crystal structures of 4, 6, and 13, which were obtained in the mixture of the solutions, were determined, providing unequivocal evidence for the occurrence of supramolecular transformation within the system. The results reveal that the size of the chelating ligand and the pyrazolyl donor angle of the ditopic ligand play crucial roles in determining the resulting solid-state metallacyclic architecture in these synthetic combinations. The dynamic behavior of the rhenium-pyrazolyl bond in the metallocycles can be utilized to transform into other metallocycles and acyclic complexes using suitable competing ligands via ligand-induced supramolecular transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Phukon
- School
of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Moon Kedia
- School
of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Bhaskaran Shankar
- Department
of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai 625 015, India
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13
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Kedia M, Khatun S, Phukon U, Shankar B, Rengan AK, Sathiyendiran M. Trinuclear rhenium(I)-based metallocages as anticancer agents towards human cervical cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:14314-14318. [PMID: 37789813 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02535g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The first examples of spherical-shaped trinuclear rhenium(I) organometallic cages displaying cytotoxic, antimetastatic, antiproliferative and DNA-damaging behavior towards a human cervical (HeLa) cancer cell line are reported. The compact design of the metallocages facilitates their interactions with biosystems leading to comparable efficiency to that of the commonly used anticancer drug cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Kedia
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500 046, India.
| | - Sajmina Khatun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kandi, Hyderabad-502 284, India.
| | - Upasana Phukon
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500 046, India.
| | - Bhaskaran Shankar
- Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai-625 015, India
| | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kandi, Hyderabad-502 284, India.
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14
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Tong KM, Toigo J, Patrick BO, Wolf MO. Rhenium(I) Complexes with Sulfur-Bridged Dipyridyl Ligands: Structural, Photophysical, and Computational Studies. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13662-13671. [PMID: 37555810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of six new rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes [Re(CO)3(N-N)Br] bearing sulfur-bridged dipyridyl (N-N) ligands with three different oxidation states (sulfide (S), sulfoxide (SO), and sulfone (SO2)) are described. Spectroscopic studies show that changing the oxidation state of the ligands influences the photophysical properties of the complexes, with complexes 3 and 6 containing the sulfone ligand exhibiting a lower energy MLCT absorption band tailing into the visible region. Solution-state emission measurements show that these complexes exhibit readily tunable emission energies from 480 to 610 nm, depending on the oxidation state of the sulfur bridge and the presence of substituents on the pyridyl rings. Solid-state emission measurements show that the emission is significantly red-shifted upon oxidation of the sulfur bridge to sulfone with enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Ming Tong
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jessica Toigo
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael O Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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15
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Mertens RT, Gukathasan S, Arojojoye AS, Olelewe C, Awuah SG. Next Generation Gold Drugs and Probes: Chemistry and Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6612-6667. [PMID: 37071737 PMCID: PMC10317554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The gold drugs, gold sodium thiomalate (Myocrisin), aurothioglucose (Solganal), and the orally administered auranofin (Ridaura), are utilized in modern medicine for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis including rheumatoid and juvenile arthritis; however, new gold agents have been slow to enter the clinic. Repurposing of auranofin in different disease indications such as cancer, parasitic, and microbial infections in the clinic has provided impetus for the development of new gold complexes for biomedical applications based on unique mechanistic insights differentiated from auranofin. Various chemical methods for the preparation of physiologically stable gold complexes and associated mechanisms have been explored in biomedicine such as therapeutics or chemical probes. In this Review, we discuss the chemistry of next generation gold drugs, which encompasses oxidation states, geometry, ligands, coordination, and organometallic compounds for infectious diseases, cancer, inflammation, and as tools for chemical biology via gold-protein interactions. We will focus on the development of gold agents in biomedicine within the past decade. The Review provides readers with an accessible overview of the utility, development, and mechanism of action of gold-based small molecules to establish context and basis for the thriving resurgence of gold in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tyler Mertens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Sailajah Gukathasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Adedamola S Arojojoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Chibuzor Olelewe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Samuel G Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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16
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Nasiri Sovari S, Kolly I, Schindler K, Djuric A, Srdic-Rajic T, Crochet A, Pavic A, Zobi F. Synthesis, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of the anticancer activity of a series of 5- and 6-(halomethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine rhenium tricarbonyl complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:6934-6944. [PMID: 36916301 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04041g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of the anticancer activity of a series of 5- and 6-(halomethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine rhenium tricarbonyl complexes. The study was promoted in order to understand if the presence and position of a reactive halomethyl substituent on the diimine ligand system of fac-[Re(CO)3]+ species may be a key molecular feature for the design of active and non-toxic anticancer agents. Only compounds potentially able to undergo ligand-based alkylating reactions show significant antiproliferative activity against colorectal and pancreatic cell lines. Of the new species presented in this study, one compound (5-(chloromethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine derivative) shows significant inhibition of pancreatic tumour growth in vivo in zebrafish-Panc-1 xenografts. The complex is noticeably effective at 8 μM concentration, lower than its in vitro IC50 values, being also capable of inhibiting in vivo cancer cells dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nasiri Sovari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Isabelle Kolly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Kevin Schindler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Ana Djuric
- Department of experimental oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Beograd, Republic of Serbia
| | - Tatjana Srdic-Rajic
- Department of experimental oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Beograd, Republic of Serbia
| | - Aurelien Crochet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Aleksandar Pavic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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17
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López-Hernández JE, Contel M. Promising heterometallic compounds as anticancer agents: Recent studies in vivo. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 72:102250. [PMID: 36566618 PMCID: PMC10880551 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, interest on multitarget anticancer drugs -including heterometallic compounds-has increased considerably. Heterometallic species display improved efficacy and physicochemical properties compared to the individual metallic fragments for a variety of metal pair combinations. By 2018, several compounds had emerged as promising candidates against cisplatin resistant cancers. Here, we summarize research contributions to this topic over the past four years (July 2018-July 2022). In particular, we highlight five articles reporting on the in vivo activity and preliminary mechanisms of action for five groups of compounds. From this selection, we further feature two families of compounds based on Pt(IV)-Gd(III) and Ti(IV)-Au(I) metal combinations, given their potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier E López-Hernández
- Department of Chemistry, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA; Brooklyn College Cancer Center BCCC-CURE, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA; Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, 11006, USA
| | - Maria Contel
- Department of Chemistry, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA; Brooklyn College Cancer Center BCCC-CURE, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA; Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, 11006, USA; Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, 11006, USA; Biology PhD Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, 11006, USA.
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18
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Karges J, Giardini MA, Blacque O, Woodworth B, Siqueira-Neto JL, Cohen SM. Enantioselective inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease with rhenium(i) picolinic acid complexes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:711-720. [PMID: 36741526 PMCID: PMC9848156 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05473f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have triggered a global pandemic with millions of deaths worldwide. Herein, the synthesis of functionalized Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes as inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, also referred to as the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), is presented. The metal complexes were found to inhibit the activity of the enzyme with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Mass spectrometry revealed that the metal complexes formed a coordinate covalent bond with the enzyme. Chiral separation of the enantiomers of the lead compound showed that one enantiomer was significantly more active than the other, consistent with specific binding and much like that observed for conventional organic small molecule inhibitors and druglike compounds. Evaluation of the lead compound against SARS-CoV-2 in a cell-based infection assay confirmed enantiospecific inhibition against the virus. This study represents a significant advancement in the use of metal complexes as coordinate covalent inhibitors of enzymes, as well as a novel starting point for the development of novel SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of CaliforniaLa JollaSan DiegoCalifornia 92093USA
| | - Miriam A. Giardini
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of CaliforniaLa JollaSan DiegoCalifornia 92093USA
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Brendon Woodworth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia 92093USA
| | - Jair L. Siqueira-Neto
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of CaliforniaLa JollaSan DiegoCalifornia 92093USA
| | - Seth M. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of CaliforniaLa JollaSan DiegoCalifornia 92093USA
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19
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Yıldız CA, Güney E, Nasif V, Karakaş D, Erkan S. Investigation of Substituent Effect on Rhenium Complexes by DFT Methods: Structural Analysis, IR Spectrum, Quantum Chemical Parameter, NLO and OLED Properties, Molecular Docking. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Neuditschko B, King AP, Huang Z, Janker L, Bileck A, Borutzki Y, Marker SC, Gerner C, Wilson JJ, Meier‐Menches SM. An Anticancer Rhenium Tricarbonyl Targets Fe-S Cluster Biogenesis in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209136. [PMID: 36004624 PMCID: PMC9827826 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Target identification remains a critical challenge in inorganic drug discovery to deconvolute potential polypharmacology. Herein, we describe an improved approach to prioritize candidate protein targets based on a combination of dose-dependent chemoproteomics and treatment effects in living cancer cells for the rhenium tricarbonyl compound TRIP. Chemoproteomics revealed 89 distinct dose-dependent targets with concentrations of competitive saturation between 0.1 and 32 μM despite the broad proteotoxic effects of TRIP. Target-response networks revealed two highly probable targets of which the Fe-S cluster biogenesis factor NUBP2 was competitively saturated by free TRIP at nanomolar concentrations. Importantly, TRIP treatment led to a down-regulation of Fe-S cluster containing proteins and upregulated ferritin. Fe-S cluster depletion was further verified by assessing mitochondrial bioenergetics. Consequently, TRIP emerges as a first-in-class modulator of the scaffold protein NUBP2, which disturbs Fe-S cluster biogenesis at sub-cytotoxic concentrations in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Neuditschko
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria,Institute of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria,Present address: Institute Krems BioanalyticsIMC University of Applied Sciences Krems3500KremsAustria
| | - A. Paden King
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA,Present address: Chemical Biology LaboratoryCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMD 21702USA
| | - Zhouyang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA
| | - Lukas Janker
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria,Joint Metabolome FacilityUniversity of Vienna and Medical University Vienna1090ViennaAustria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria,Joint Metabolome FacilityUniversity of Vienna and Medical University Vienna1090ViennaAustria
| | - Yasmin Borutzki
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria,Institute of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
| | - Sierra C. Marker
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA,Present address: Chemical Biology LaboratoryCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMD 21702USA
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria,Joint Metabolome FacilityUniversity of Vienna and Medical University Vienna1090ViennaAustria
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA
| | - Samuel M. Meier‐Menches
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria,Institute of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria,Joint Metabolome FacilityUniversity of Vienna and Medical University Vienna1090ViennaAustria
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21
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Divya D, Govindarajan R, Nagarajaprakash R, Fayzullin RR, Vidhyapriya P, Sakthivel N, Manimaran B. Multicomponent Self-Assembly of Diaminobenzoquinonato-Bridged Manganese(I) Metallosupramolecular Rectangles: Host–Guest Interactions, Anticancer Activity, and Visible-Light-Induced CO Releasing Studies. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15377-15391. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanaraj Divya
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | | | - Ramamurthy Nagarajaprakash
- Chemical Sciences Research Group, Division of Research & Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Robert R. Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | | | - Natarajan Sakthivel
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Bala. Manimaran
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
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22
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Sovari SN, Golding TM, Mbaba M, Mohunlal R, Egan TJ, Smith GS, Zobi F. Rhenium(I) derivatives of aminoquinoline and imidazolopiperidine-based ligands: Synthesis, in vitro and in silico biological evaluation against Plasmodium falciparum. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 234:111905. [PMID: 35752063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A small library of aminoquinoline and imidazolopiperidine (IMP)-based ligands, containing the 1,2,3-triazole moiety, and their corresponding tricarbonyl rhenium complexes were synthesised and their inhibitory activities evaluated against the chloroquine-sensitive (CQS) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains (NF54 and K1, respectively) of P. falciparum. The quinoline-based compounds (L1, L2, ReL1, and ReL2) were at least six-fold more potent than their IMP-based counterparts (L3, L4, ReL3, and ReL4) against both strains of P. falciparum, with the most promising compound (L1) displaying activity comparable to chloroquine diphosphate (CQDP) in the MDR strain. Additionally, all of the synthesised compounds have resistance indices less than CQDP. To gain insight into a possible mechanism of action, in silico hemozoin docking simulations were performed. These studies proposed that the tested compounds may act via hemozoin inhibition, as the new aminoquinoline-derivatives, with the exception of complex ReL2 (binding affinity: -12.62 kcal/mol), showed higher binding affinities than the reference drug chloroquine (CQ, -13.56 kcal/mol). Furthermore, the ligands exhibited superior binding affinity relative to their corresponding Re(I) complexes, which is reflected in their antiplasmodial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nasiri Sovari
- Department of Chemistry, Fribourg University, Chemin Du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Taryn M Golding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Mziyanda Mbaba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Roxanne Mohunlal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Timothy J Egan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Gregory S Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
| | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry, Fribourg University, Chemin Du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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23
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Neuditschko B, King AP, Huang Z, Janker L, Bileck A, Borutzki Y, Marker SC, Gerner C, Wilson JJ, Meier-Menches SM. An Anticancer Rhenium Tricarbonyl Targets Fe‐S Cluster Biogenesis in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Neuditschko
- University of Vienna: Universitat Wien Department of Analytical Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - A. Paden King
- Cornell University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology UNITED STATES
| | - Zhouyang Huang
- Cornell University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology UNITED STATES
| | - Lukas Janker
- University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry: Universitat Wien Fakultat fur Chemie Department of Analytical Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Andrea Bileck
- University of Vienna: Universitat Wien Department of Analytical Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Yasmin Borutzki
- University of Vienna: Universitat Wien Institute of Inorganic Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Sierra C. Marker
- Cornell University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology UNITED STATES
| | - Christopher Gerner
- University of Vienna: Universitat Wien Department of Analytical Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Cornell University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology UNITED STATES
| | - Samuel M. Meier-Menches
- University of Vienna: Universitat Wien Department of Analytical Chemistry Waehringer Str. 38 1090 Vienna AUSTRIA
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24
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Challenges and opportunities in the development of metal-based anticancer theranostic agents. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231168. [PMID: 35420649 PMCID: PMC9109461 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Around 10 million fatalities were recorded worldwide in 2020 due to cancer and statistical projections estimate the number to increase by 60% in 2040. With such a substantial rise in the global cancer burden, the disease will continue to impose a huge socio-economic burden on society. Currently, the most widely used clinical treatment modality is cytotoxic chemotherapy using platinum drugs which is used to treat variety of cancers. Despite its clinical success, critical challenges like resistance, off-target side effects and cancer variability often reduce its overall therapeutic efficiency. These challenges require faster diagnosis, simultaneous therapy and a more personalized approach toward cancer management. To this end, small-molecule ‘theranostic’ agents have presented a viable solution combining diagnosis and therapy into a single platform. In this review, we present a summary of recent efforts in the design and optimization of metal-based small-molecule ‘theranostic’ anticancer agents. Importantly, we highlight the advantages of a theranostic candidate over the purely therapeutic or diagnostic agent in terms of evaluation of its biological properties.
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25
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Schindler K, Zobi F. Anticancer and Antibiotic Rhenium Tri- and Dicarbonyl Complexes: Current Research and Future Perspectives. Molecules 2022; 27:539. [PMID: 35056856 PMCID: PMC8777860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organometallic compounds are increasingly recognized as promising anticancer and antibiotic drug candidates. Among the transition metal ions investigated for these purposes, rhenium occupies a special role. Its tri- and dicarbonyl complexes, in particular, attract continuous attention due to their relative ease of preparation, stability and unique photophysical and luminescent properties that allow the combination of diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, thereby permitting, e.g., molecules to be tracked within cells. In this review, we discuss the anticancer and antibiotic properties of rhenium tri- and dicarbonyl complexes described in the last seven years, mainly in terms of their structural variations and in vitro efficacy. Given the abundant literature available, the focus is initially directed on tricarbonyl complexes of rhenium. Dicarbonyl species of the metal ion, which are slowly gaining momentum, are discussed in the second part in terms of future perspective for the possible developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry, Fribourg University, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
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Karges J, Seo H, Cohen SM. Synthesis of tetranuclear rhenium(I) tricarbonyl metallacycles. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16147-16155. [PMID: 34679156 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02435c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes have received much attention due to their attractive photochemical, electrochemical, and biological properties. Beyond simple mononuclear complexes, multinuclear assemblies offer greater structural diversity and properties. Despite previous reports on the preparation of di-, tri-, or tetranuclear Re(I) tricarbonyl assemblies, the synthesis of these supramolecular structures remains challenging due to overall low yields or tedious purification protocols. Herein, the facile preparation and characterization of tetranuclear Re(I) tricarbonyl metallacycles with a square geometry is reported using a tetrazole-based ligand. The synthesis of the metallacycle was optimized using different metal precursors, solvents, temperatures, and reagent concentrations. Finally, the scope of suitable tetrazole-based ligands was explored to produce several tetranuclear Re(I) tricarbonyl-based metallacycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Hyeonglim Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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27
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Leung PKK, Lee LCC, Ip TKY, Liu HW, Yiu SM, Lee NP, Lo KKW. Luminescent rhenium(I) perfluorobiphenyl complexes as site-specific labels for peptides to afford photofunctional bioconjugates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11256-11259. [PMID: 34633395 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04740j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report herein new luminescent rhenium(I) perfluorobiphenyl complexes that reacted specifically with the cysteine residue of the π-clamp sequence (FCPF) to afford novel peptide-based imaging reagents, photosensitisers for singlet oxygen and enzyme sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kam-Keung Leung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Tiffany Ka-Yan Ip
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Hua-Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Nikki P Lee
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimetre Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Centre of Functional Photonics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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28
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Huang Z, King AP, Lovett J, Lai B, Woods JJ, Harris HH, Wilson JJ. Photochemistry and in vitro anticancer activity of Pt(IV)Re(I) conjugates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11189-11192. [PMID: 34622255 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04669a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical and photochemical properties of two Pt(IV)Re(I) conjugates were studied via both experimental and computational methods. Both conjugates exhibit modest photocytotoxicity against ovarian cancer cells. X-ray fluorescence microscopy showed that Pt and Re colocalize in cells whether they had been irradiated or not. This work demonstrates the potential of photoactivated multilimetallic agents for combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - A Paden King
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - James Lovett
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Joshua J Woods
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. .,Robert F. Smith School for Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hugh H Harris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Xu G, Lee LC, Kwok CW, Leung PK, Zhu J, Lo KK. Utilization of Rhenium(I) Polypyridine Complexes Featuring a Dinitrophenylsulfonamide Moiety as Biothiol‐Selective Phosphorogenic Bioimaging Reagents and Photocytotoxic Agents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang‐Xi Xu
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Lawrence Cho‐Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Cyrus Wing‐Ching Kwok
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Peter Kam‐Keung Leung
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Jing‐Hui Zhu
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam‐Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
- Center of Functional Photonics City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
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30
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Xu GX, Mak ECL, Lo KKW. Photofunctional transition metal complexes as cellular probes, bioimaging reagents and phototherapeutics. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This critical review summarises the recent biological applications of transition metal complexes as cellular probes, bioimaging reagents and phototherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Eunice Chiu-Lam Mak
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimetre Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Centre of Functional Photonics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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