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Slama M, Slougui N, Benaissa A, Nekkaa A, Sellam F, Canabady-Rochelle L. Borago Officinalis L.: A Review Oon Extraction, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Activities. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301822. [PMID: 38426739 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Borago officinalis L., an annual herb belonging to the Boraginaceae family, is used in the traditional medical practices of various countries and for multiple treatments, including respiratory disorders, colds, influenza, diarrhea, cramps, inflammation, palpitation, hypertension menopause, and post-menopausal symptoms. Its pharmacological properties and biological activities - among them antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, antigenotoxic, and anti-obesity activity - were demonstrated in vitro and in vivo and are related to its rich content of bioactive compounds (mainly phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, and terpenes) extracted from various parts of B. officinalis including leaves, flowers, seeds, and roots. This review summarizes all updated information on applied extraction processes, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of B. officinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Slama
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés pour le Développement Durable et Les Produits de Santé, Ecole Nationale Polytechnique de Constantine, Constantine, 25016, Algeria
| | - Nabila Slougui
- Laboratoire de Bio Géochimie des Milieux Désertiques, Université Kasdi Merbah Ouargla, Route de Ghardaia, Ouargla, 30000, Algeria
- Ecole Nationale Polytechnique de Constantine, Ville Universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP 75 A RP Ali Mendjeli, Constantine, 25016, Algeria
| | - Akila Benaissa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Sustainable Development Laboratory (ReMeDD), Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, Constantine 3 University, Constantine, 25000, Algeria
| | - Amine Nekkaa
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Feriel Sellam
- Genetic diagnosis and microscopy laboratory, Health and biotechnology division, National Research Center of Biotechnology, Constantine, Algeria
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Farag MA, Reda A, Nabil M, Elimam DM, Zayed A. Evening primrose oil: a comprehensive review of its bioactives, extraction, analysis, oil quality, therapeutic merits, and safety. Food Funct 2023; 14:8049-8070. [PMID: 37614101 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01949g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Oil crops have become increasingly farmed worldwide because of their numerous functions in foods and health. In particular, oil derived from the seeds of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) (EPO) comprises essential fatty acids of the omega-6 (ω-6) series. It is well recognized to promote immune cells with a healthy balance and management of female ailments. The nutrients of interest in this oil are linoleic acid (LA, 70-74%) and γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 8-10%), which are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that account for EPO's popularity as a dietary supplement. Various other chemicals in EPO function together to supply the body with PUFA, elevate normal ω-6 essential fatty acid levels, and support general health and well-being. The inclusive EPO biochemical analysis further succeeded in identifying several other components, i.e., triterpenes, phenolic acids, tocopherols, and phytosterols of potential health benefits. This comprehensive review capitalizes on EPO, the superior product of O. biennis, highlighting the interrelationship between various methods of cultivation, extraction, holistic chemical composition, sensory characters, and medicinal value. Besides the literature review, this study restates the numerous health advantages of primrose oil and possible drug-EPO interactions since a wide spectrum of drugs are administered concomitantly with EPO. Modern techniques to evaluate EPO chemical composition are addressed with emphasis on the missing gaps and future perspectives to ensure best oil quality and nutraceutical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ali Reda
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nabil
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Diaaeldin M Elimam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elguish street (Medical Campus), Tanta 31527, Egypt
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Cravotto C, Fabiano-Tixier AS, Claux O, Abert-Vian M, Tabasso S, Cravotto G, Chemat F. Towards Substitution of Hexane as Extraction Solvent of Food Products and Ingredients with No Regrets. Foods 2022; 11:3412. [PMID: 36360023 PMCID: PMC9655691 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexane is a solvent used extensively in the food industry for the extraction of various products such as vegetable oils, fats, flavours, fragrances, colour additives or other bioactive ingredients. As it is classified as a "processing aid", it does not have to be declared on the label under current legislation. Therefore, although traces of hexane may be found in final products, especially in processed products, its presence is not known to consumers. However, hexane, and in particular the n-hexane isomer, has been shown to be neurotoxic to humans and has even been listed as a cause of occupational diseases in several European countries since the 1970s. In order to support the European strategy for a toxic-free environment (and toxic-free food), it seemed important to collect scientific information on this substance by reviewing the available literature. This review contains valuable information on the nature and origin of the solvent hexane, its applications in the food industry, its toxicological evaluation and possible alternatives for the extraction of natural products. Numerous publications have investigated the toxicity of hexane, and several studies have demonstrated the presence of its toxic metabolite 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) in the urine of the general, non-occupationally exposed population. Surprisingly, a tolerable daily intake (TDI) has apparently never been established by any food safety authority. Since hexane residues are undoubtedly found in various foods, it seems more than necessary to clearly assess the risks associated with this hidden exposure. A clear indication on food packaging and better information on the toxicity of hexane could encourage the industry to switch towards one of the numerous other alternative extraction methods already developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cravotto
- GREEN Extraction Team, INRAE, UMR 408, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | | | - Ombéline Claux
- GREEN Extraction Team, INRAE, UMR 408, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Maryline Abert-Vian
- GREEN Extraction Team, INRAE, UMR 408, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Silvia Tabasso
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Farid Chemat
- GREEN Extraction Team, INRAE, UMR 408, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France
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Toledo FR, del Valle JM, Opazo ÁP, Núnez GA. Supercritical CO2 extraction of pelletized oilseeds: Representation using a linear driving force model with a nonlinear sorption isotherm. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Advances in various techniques for isolation and purification of sterols. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:2393-2403. [PMID: 32549589 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Plants consist of triterpenoids such as phytosterols (PT) (C29H50O) with steroidal nuclei, including sitosterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol and campesterol. They are hydrophobic but soluble in alcohol and other organic solvents and are isolated from industrial waste deodorizer distillates of various edible oil industries. They exist as free PT or their ester derivatives in soybean, rice, wheat, oat, cottonseed and corn fiber, and other cereals and grains. Conventional isolation techniques such as solvent extraction, distillation, evaporative fractionation, saponification and chemical esterification are employed for isolation and purification of PT. The present article reviews the various advanced separation techniques like solvent crystallization, supercritical fluid extraction, high speed counter-current chromatography and enzymatic process as strategic methods to isolate and purify sterols.
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Orchard A, van Vuuren SF. Carrier oils in dermatology. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 311:653-672. [PMID: 31321504 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01951-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Wounds are a common medical infliction. With the increase in microbial resistance and a shift of interest towards complementary medicines, essential oils have been shown to be beneficial in suppressing microbial growth. However, in practice, essential oils are more often diluted into a base due to the risk of topical adverse effects, such as dermatitis. There is a lack of collated evidence-based information on toxicity and efficacy of carrier oils. The current information on the subject matter is restricted to generic, aroma-therapeutic books and pamphlets, based on anecdotal evidence rather than an experimental approach. Therefore, this review aimed at identifying the recommended carrier oils used in dermatology and thereafter collating the scientific evidence to support the use of carrier oils together with essential oils recommended for dermatological use. Aloe vera gel had multiple studies demonstrating the ability to enhance wound healing; however, several other carrier oils have been largely neglected. It was observed that the extracts for certain plant species had been used to justify the use of the carrier oils of the same plant species. This is an inaccurate cross assumption due to the difference in chemical composition and biological activities. Lastly, despite these carrier oils being recommended as a base for essential oils, very little data was found on the interactive profile of the carrier oil with the essential oil. This review provides a platform for further studies, especially if essential oils are to receive credence in the scientific field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ané Orchard
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Sandy F van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.
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Cvjetko Bubalo M, Vidović S, Radojčić Redovniković I, Jokić S. New perspective in extraction of plant biologically active compounds by green solvents. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Optimization of ultrasonic assisted extraction of fatty acids from Borago Officinalis L. flower by central composite design. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Purschke B, Stegmann T, Schreiner M, Jäger H. Pilot-scale supercritical CO2extraction of edible insect oil fromTenebrio molitorL. larvae - Influence of extraction conditions on kinetics, defatting performance and compositional properties. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Purschke
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU); Vienna Austria
| | - Tobias Stegmann
- Chair of Food Process Engineering and Dairy Technology; Technische Universität München; Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Matthias Schreiner
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU); Vienna Austria
| | - Henry Jäger
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU); Vienna Austria
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dos Santos P, de Aguiar AC, Viganó J, Boeing JS, Visentainer JV, Martínez J. Supercritical CO 2 extraction of cumbaru oil ( Dipteryx alata Vogel) assisted by ultrasound: Global yield, kinetics and fatty acid composition. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Morteza E, Akbari GA, Moaveni P, Alahdadi I, Bihamta MR, Hasanloo T, Joorabloo A. Compositions of the seed oil of the Borago officinalis from Iran. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:663-6. [PMID: 25360856 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.971793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the composition of borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil, this research was performed under the field conditions at Shahriyar and Garmsar zones, Iran during the 2012 planting year. The oil yield of borage was 31.46% and 33.7% at Shahriyar and Garmsar zone, respectively, and nine and eight fatty acids were identified in the seed oil of borage at Shahriyar and Garmsar, respectively - palmitic, linoleic, stearic and γ-linolenic acids were dominant in the seed oil of borage from both zones. Unsaturated fatty acid content was more than the saturated fatty acids in both zones. The ratio of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in the borage cultivated at Shahriyar and Garmsar zones was 2.13 and 2.29. The fatty acid profile of Garmsar borage, oleic and oleic/linoleic acid ratio, increased. Locations with different ecological conditions resulted in changes in both seed oil content and fatty acid profile of borage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Morteza
- a Depatment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences , College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran , Pakdasht , Tehran , Iran
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de Melo M, Silvestre A, Silva C. Supercritical fluid extraction of vegetable matrices: Applications, trends and future perspectives of a convincing green technology. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Simultaneous extraction of oil- and water-soluble phase from sunflower seeds with subcritical water. Food Chem 2014; 166:316-323. [PMID: 25053062 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the subcritical water extraction is proposed as an alternative and greener processing method for simultaneous removal of oil- and water-soluble phase from sunflower seeds. Extraction kinetics were studied at different temperatures and material/solvent ratios in a batch extractor. Degree of hydrothermal degradation of oils was observed by analysing amount of formed free fatty acids and their antioxidant capacities. Results were compared to oils obtained by conventional methods. Water soluble extracts were analysed for total proteins, carbohydrates and phenolics and some single products of hydrothermal degradation. Highest amount of oil was obtained at 130 °C at a material/solvent ratio of 1/20 g/mL after 30 min of extraction. For all obtained oils minimal degree of hydrothermal degradation could be identified. High antioxidant capacities of oil samples could be observed. Water soluble extracts were degraded at temperatures ≥100 °C, producing various products of hydrothermal degradation.
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del Valle JM, de la Fuente JC, Uquiche E. A refined equation for predicting the solubility of vegetable oils in high-pressure CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ramandi NF, Najafi NM, Raofie F, Ghasemi E. Central Composite Design for the Optimization of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid Extraction of Fatty Acids from Borago Officinalis L. Flower. J Food Sci 2011; 76:C1262-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Guil‐Guerrero JL, Rincón‐Cervera MÁ, Venegas‐Venegas E. Gamma‐linolenic and stearidonic acids: Purification and upgrading of C18‐PUFA oils. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Soto C, Conde E, Moure A, Zúñiga ME, Domínguez H. Supercritical extraction of borage seed oil coupled to conventional solvent extraction of antioxidants. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200800045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Guil-Guerrero JL, López-Martínez JC, Campra-Madrid P. Gamma-linolenic extraction from seed by SCF and several solvent systems. Int J Food Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2007.01586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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