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Arshad N, Batool SR, Razzaq S, Arshad M, Rasheed A, Ashraf M, Nawab Y, Nazeer MA. Recent advancements in polyurethane-based membranes for gas separation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118953. [PMID: 38636643 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Gas separation membranes are critical in a variety of environmental research and industrial applications. These membranes are designed to selectively allow some gases to flow while blocking others, allowing for the separation and purification of gases for a variety of applications. Therefore, the demand for fast and energy-efficient gas separation techniques is of central interest for many chemical and energy production diligences due to the intensified levels of greenhouse and industrial gases. This encourages the researchers to innovate techniques for capturing and separating these gases, including membrane separation techniques. Polymeric membranes play a significant role in gas separations by capturing gases from the fuel combustion process, purifying chemical raw material used for plastic production, and isolating pure and noncombustible gases. Polyurethane-based membrane technology offers an excellent knack for gas separation applications and has also been considered more energy-efficient than conventional phase change separation methodologies. This review article reveals a thorough delineation of the current developments and efforts made for PU membranes. It further explains its uses for the separation of valuable gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2), methane (CH4), or a mixture of gases from a variety of gas spillages. Polyurethane (PU) is an excellent choice of material and a leading candidate for producing gas-separating membranes because of its outstanding chemical chemistry, good mechanical abilities, higher permeability, and variable microstructure. The presence of PU improves several characteristics of gas-separating membranes. Selectivity and separation efficiency of PU-centered membranes are enhanced through modifications such as blending with other polymers, use of nanoparticles (silica, metal oxides, alumina, zeolite), and interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) formation. This manuscript critically analyzes the various gas transport methods and selection criteria for the fabrication of PU membranes. It also covers the challenges facing the development of PU-membrane-based separation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureen Arshad
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan; Liberty Mills Limited, Karachi, 75700, Pakistan.
| | - Syeda Rubab Batool
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Razzaq
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Mubeen Arshad
- Department of Prosthodontics, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, 74600, Pakistan
| | - Abher Rasheed
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Munir Ashraf
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan; Functional Textile Research Group, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan; National Center for Composite Materials, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan.
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2
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Ahir M, Bodhak C, Gupta RK. Harnessing Enhanced Flame Retardancy in Rigid Polyurethane Composite Foams through Hemp Seed Oil-Derived Natural Fillers. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1584. [PMID: 38891530 PMCID: PMC11174686 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, polymer composites have received significant interest and become protagonists due to their enhanced properties and wide range of applications. Herein, we examined the impact of filler and flame retardants in hemp seed oil-based rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) composites' performance. Firstly, the hemp seed oil (HSO) was converted to a corresponding epoxy analog, followed by a ring-opening reaction to synthesize hemp bio-polyols. The hemp polyol was then reacted with diisocyanate in the presence of commercial polyols and other foaming components to produce RPUF in a single step. In addition, different fillers like microcrystalline cellulose, alkaline lignin, titanium dioxide, and melamine (as a flame retardant) were used in different wt.% ratios to fabricate composite foam. The mechanical characteristics, thermal degradation behavior, cellular morphology, apparent density, flammability, and closed-cell contents of the generated composite foams were examined. An initial screening of different fillers revealed that microcrystalline cellulose significantly improves the mechanical strength up to 318 kPa. The effect of melamine as a flame retardant in composite foam was also examined, which shows the highest compression strength of 447 kPa. Significantly better anti-flaming qualities than those of neat foam based on HSO have been reflected using 22.15 wt.% of melamine, with the lowest burning time of 4.1 s and weight loss of 1.88 wt.%. All the composite foams showed about 90% closed-cell content. The present work illustrates the assembly of a filler-based polyurethane foam composite with anti-flaming properties from bio-based feedstocks with high-performance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Ahir
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, 1701 South Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA;
- National Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg State University, 1204 Research Road, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - Chandan Bodhak
- National Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg State University, 1204 Research Road, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - Ram K. Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, 1701 South Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA;
- National Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg State University, 1204 Research Road, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
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3
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Polo ML, Russell-White K, Vaillard SE, Ríos L, Meira GR, Estenoz DA, Spontón ME. Bio-based polyester-polyurethane foams: synthesis and degradability by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus clavatus. Biodegradation 2024; 35:315-327. [PMID: 37987936 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the degradability by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus clavatus of three bio-based polyurethane (PU) foams is compared to previous degradability studies involving a Pseudomonas sp. bacterium and similar initial materials (Spontón et al. in Int. Biodet. Biodeg. 85:85-94, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.05.019 ). First, three new polyester-polyurethane foams were prepared from mixtures of castor oil (CO), maleated castor oil (MACO), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and water. Then, their degradation tests were carried out in an aqueous medium, and employing the two mentioned fungi, after their isolation from the environment. From the degradation tests, the following was observed: (a) the insoluble (and slightly collapsed) foams exhibited free hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amine moieties; and (b) the water soluble (and low molar mass) compounds contained amines, carboxylic acids, and glycerol. The most degraded foam contained the highest amount of MACO, and therefore the highest concentration of hydrolytic bonds. A basic biodegradation mechanism was proposed that involves hydrolysis and oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara L Polo
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), UNL-CONICET, Ruta Nacional 168, Km. 0 - Paraje "El Pozo", 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Karen Russell-White
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Santiago E Vaillard
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), UNL-CONICET, Ruta Nacional 168, Km. 0 - Paraje "El Pozo", 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luis Ríos
- Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 62 #52-59, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gregorio R Meira
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), UNL-CONICET, Ruta Nacional 168, Km. 0 - Paraje "El Pozo", 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diana A Estenoz
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), UNL-CONICET, Ruta Nacional 168, Km. 0 - Paraje "El Pozo", 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marisa E Spontón
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), UNL-CONICET, Ruta Nacional 168, Km. 0 - Paraje "El Pozo", 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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4
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Rabelo Aparício R, Machado Dos Santos G, Siqueira Magalhães Rebelo V, Mansanares Giacon V, Gomes da Silva C. Performance of castor oil polyurethane resin in composite with the piassava fibers residue from the Amazon. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6679. [PMID: 38509122 PMCID: PMC10955110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54000-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of castor oil in producing polyurethane resins has been identified as one of the most promising options for the industry. The piassava fibers waste generated by the industry on a large scale presents excellent properties as a reinforcing agent due to its high lignin content characterized by chemical tests and FTIR. Composite boards consisting of a higher content of mercerized piassava fibers (10 mm, 85 wt.%) reinforced polyurethane castor oil-based resin (prepolymer (PP) and polyol (OM)) exhibited excellent performance. Composites with these properties have strong potential for medium-density applications ranging from biomedical prosthetics to civil partition walls and insulation linings. Alkali treatment removed the superficial impurities of piassava fibers, activating polar groups, and physical characterization reported excellent performance for all composites. Among the composites, the CP3 sample (composite reinforced with piassava fibers (85 wt.% fibers; 1.2:1-PP:OM)) stood out with higher density and lower swelling and water absorption percentage than other composites. FTIR results indicated NCO traces after the resin cured in the PU3 (1.2:1-PP:OM), possibly contributing to the interaction with the fibers. DMA results reported relevant information about more flexibility to CP1 (composite reinforced with piassava fibers (85 wt.% fibers; 0.8:1-PP:OM)) and CP3 than CP2 (composite reinforced with piassava fibers (85 wt.% fibers; 1:1-PP:OM)). The results suggest that the proper combination with natural products must lead to composites with potential applications as engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosinaldo Rabelo Aparício
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência E Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Machado Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência E Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Virgínia Mansanares Giacon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência E Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Cristina Gomes da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência E Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.
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Liu B, Westman Z, Richardson K, Lim D, Stottlemyer AL, Farmer T, Gillis P, Hooshyar N, Vlcek V, Christopher P, Abu-Omar MM. Polyurethane Foam Chemical Recycling: Fast Acidolysis with Maleic Acid and Full Recovery of Polyol. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:4435-4443. [PMID: 38516400 PMCID: PMC10952008 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c07040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Chemical recycling of polyurethane (PU) waste is essential to displace the need for virgin polyol production and enable sustainable PU production. Currently, less than 20% of PU waste is downcycled through rebinding to lower value products than the original PU. Chemical recycling of PU waste often requires significant input of materials like solvents and slow reaction rates. Here, we report the fast (<10 min) and solvent-free acidolysis of a model toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-based flexible polyurethane foam (PUF) at <200 °C using maleic acid (MA) with a recovery of recycled polyol (repolyol) in 95% isolated yield. After workup (hydrolysis of repolyl ester and separations), the repolyol exhibits favorable physical properties that are comparable to the virgin polyol; these include 54.1 mg KOH/g OH number and 624 cSt viscosity. Overall, 80% by weight of the input PUF is isolated into two clean-cut fractions containing the repolyol and toluene diamine (TDA). Finally, end-of-life (EOL) mattress PUF waste is recycled successfully with high recovery of repolyol using MA acidolysis. The solvent-free and fast acidolysis with MA demonstrated in this work with both model and EOL PUF provides a potential pathway for sustainable and closed-loop PU production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyuan Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Zach Westman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kelsey Richardson
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Dingyuan Lim
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | | | - Thomas Farmer
- The
Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48640, United States
| | - Paul Gillis
- The
Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48640, United States
| | - Nasim Hooshyar
- The
Dow Chemical Company, Herbert H Dowweg 5, Hoek 4542 NH,The Netherlands
| | - Vojtech Vlcek
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Phillip Christopher
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Mahdi M. Abu-Omar
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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6
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Waleed HQ, Hadjadj R, Viskolcz B, Fiser B. Stoichiometric reaction and catalytic effect of 2-dimethylaminoethanol in urethane formation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7103-7108. [PMID: 38345799 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05800j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
A computational study of the stoichiometric reaction and catalytic effect of 2-dimethylaminoethanol (DMEA) in urethane formation was performed. DMEA, besides its catalytic tertiary amine site, contains a hydroxyl group that can react with isocyanates and thus, it can affect the synthesis of polyurethane. In the catalytic system, the reaction between phenyl isocyanate and butan-1-ol, involving DMEA as a catalyst, was investigated. Meanwhile, for the competitive stoichiometric process, the reaction between phenyl isocyanate and DMEA was also considered. Both reactions were investigated by using the G3MP2BHandHLYP composite method and acetonitrile was chosen as the solvent. It was revealed that both pathways (catalytic and stoichiometric processes) are similar thermodynamically, but the catalytic reaction is preferred kinetically, which indicates the applicability of DMEA in urethane synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer Q Waleed
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros 3515, Hungary
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros 3515, Hungary.
| | - Rachid Hadjadj
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros 3515, Hungary.
| | - Béla Viskolcz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros 3515, Hungary
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros 3515, Hungary.
| | - Béla Fiser
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros 3515, Hungary.
- Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, Beregszász, Transcarpathia, 90200, Ukraine
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-236, Poland
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Polaczek K, Kurańska M, Malewska E, Czerwicka-Pach M, Prociak A. From Bioresources to Thermal Insulation Materials: Synthesis and Properties of Two-Component Open-Cell Spray Polyurethane Foams Based on Bio-Polyols from Used Cooking Oil. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6139. [PMID: 37763416 PMCID: PMC10532658 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Open-cell spray polyurethane foams are widely used as highly efficient thermal insulation materials with vapor permeability and soundproofing properties. Unfortunately, for the production of commercial foams, mainly non-renewable petrochemical raw materials are used. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of completely replacing petrochemical polyols (the main raw material used in the synthesis of polyurethanes, alongside isocyanates) with bio-polyols obtained from used cooking oils, classified as waste materials. The research consisted of three stages: the synthesis of bio-polyols, the development of polyurethane foam systems under laboratory conditions, and the testing of developed polyurethane spray systems under industrial conditions. The synthesis of the bio-polyols was carried out by using two different methods: a one-step transesterification process using triethanolamine and a two-step process of epoxidation and opening oxirane rings with diethylene glycol. The obtained bio-polyols were analyzed using gel chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The developed polyurethane foam formulations included two types of fire retardants: halogenated tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) and halogen-free triethyl phosphate (TEP). In the formulations of polyurethane systems, reactive amine catalysts were employed, which become incorporated into the polymer matrix during foaming, significantly reducing their emission after application. The foams were manufactured on both a laboratory and industrial scale using high-pressure spray machines under conditions recommended by commercial system manufacturers: spray pressure 80-100 bar, component temperature 45-52 °C, and component volumetric ratio 1:1. The open-cell foams had apparent densities 14-21.5 kg/m3, thermal conductivity coefficients 35-38 mW/m∙K, closed-cell contents <5%, water vapor diffusion resistance factors (μ) <6, and limiting oxygen indexes 21.3-21.5%. The properties of the obtained foams were comparable to commercial materials. The developed polyurethane spray systems can be used as thermal insulation materials for insulating interior walls, attics, and ceilings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Polaczek
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (M.K.); (E.M.)
| | - Maria Kurańska
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (M.K.); (E.M.)
| | - Elżbieta Malewska
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (M.K.); (E.M.)
| | | | - Aleksander Prociak
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (M.K.); (E.M.)
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Paciorek-Sadowska J, Borowicz M, Isbrandt M. Evaluation of the Effect of Waste from Agricultural Production on the Properties of Flexible Polyurethane Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3529. [PMID: 37688155 PMCID: PMC10489904 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of by-products and waste from agriculture and the agri-food industry is a challenge for the plastics industry. Flexible polyurethane foams (EPPUR) containing ground corncake from corn oil production were obtained. The influence of the bio-filler on the physico-mechanical and thermal properties of synthesized flexible polyurethane foams was investigated. The content of corncake ranged from 0 php (part per 100 parts of polyol) to 10 php. Open-cell flexible polyurethane foams with a favorable comfort factor were obtained. The lower reactivity of the developed polyurethane systems was conducive to the formation of cells of slightly smaller sizes but of a more regular shape in comparison with the foam not modified with the bio-filler. Measurements of the mechanical properties indicated that the modified foams held had similar or even better properties than the reference sample without bio-filler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Paciorek-Sadowska
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polyurethanes, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, J. K. Chodkiewicza Street 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.); (M.I.)
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Large-Scale Preparation of Uniform Millet Bread-like Durable Benzoxazine-Phthalonitrile Foam with Outstanding Mechanical and Thermal Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245410. [PMID: 36559777 PMCID: PMC9781014 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is essentially important to develop durable polymer foams for services in high-temperature conditions. The current study reported the preparations and properties of a high-performance benzoxazine-phthalonitrile (BZPN) foam by utilizing azodicarbonamide and tween-80 as the blowing agent and stabilizer, respectively. Rheological and curing studies indicated that the appropriate foaming temperature for BZPN foam is below 180 °C, and its foaming viscosity window is below 20 Pa·s. Guided by these results, uniform millet bread-like BZPN foams with decimeter leveling size were successfully realized, suggesting the high prospect of large-scale production. The structural, mechanical, and thermal properties of BZPN foams were then investigated in detail. BZPN foam involves a hierarchical fracture mechanism during the compressive test, and it shows a high compression strength of over 6 MPa. During a burning test over 380 °C, no visible smoke, softening, or droplet phenomena appeared and the macroscopic structure of BZPN foam was well maintained. Mechanically robust, flame-retardant, and uniform large-size BZPN foam are promising light durable materials with high service temperatures, i.e., as filling materials even in a very narrow pipette.
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Malewska E, Polaczek K, Kurańska M. Impact of Various Catalysts on Transesterification of Used Cooking Oil and Foaming Processes of Polyurethane Systems. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7807. [PMID: 36363400 PMCID: PMC9657215 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The search for new sources of raw materials that can be used in the synthesis of polyurethanes and other polymer groups is extremely important. Currently, according to the principles of green chemistry and a circular economy, waste materials with a high reuse potential are being sought. This article presents a way of obtaining used-cooking-oil-based compounds capable of participating in the reaction of polyurethane creation. The transesterification reaction can be carried out using a variety of homo- and heterogeneous acid or base catalysts. Here, we looked at the impact of selected catalysts on the course of transesterification reactions, the composition of the post-reaction mixture and the possibility of using the products in polyurethane foam synthesis. The raw materials and the products were analyzed by means of gel permeation chromatography, FTIR spectroscopy and 1H NMR. The polyurethane foam formation process was analyzed using a FOAMAT® apparatus.
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11
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Zhao JR, Zheng R, Tang J, Sun HJ, Wang J. A mini-review on building insulation materials from perspective of plastic pollution: Current issues and natural fibres as a possible solution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129449. [PMID: 35792430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As plastic pollution is eroding our ecological environment at an alarming rate around the world, tracking the origins is a necessity for putting forward effective measures to prevent it. The building industry, as an important sector consuming plastic products and producing plastic wastes, is increasing application of thermal insulations to improve energy efficiency. However, most insulation materials have negative impact on the environment. With the strategies to boost sustainability of buildings, natural fibres have occurred in the market as promising raw materials for thermal insulations. This mini-review aims to describe the extent building insulations contributed to plastic pollution, and a possible solution to plastic pollution from natural fibres and their current shortcomings. Hopefully, the mini-review could advance the current knowledge on contribution of building materials, especially thermal insulations to the ubiquitous plastic pollution, and the potential of natural fibres for replacing the plastic insulations, which could accordingly help future development of sustainable green insulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe R Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China 315211; Tri-Y Environmental Research, 2655 Lillooet St., Vancouver V5M 4P7, BC, Canada; Chemical and Biological Engineering,University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada.
| | - Rongyue Zheng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China 315211
| | - Jianting Tang
- Tri-Y Environmental Research, 2655 Lillooet St., Vancouver V5M 4P7, BC, Canada
| | - Helen J Sun
- Tri-Y Environmental Research, 2655 Lillooet St., Vancouver V5M 4P7, BC, Canada; Chemical and Biological Engineering,University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Jianmin Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China 315211
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Lu H, Dun C, Jariwala H, Wang R, Cui P, Zhang H, Dai Q, Yang S, Zhang H. Improvement of bio-based polyurethane and its optimal application in controlled release fertilizer. J Control Release 2022; 350:748-760. [PMID: 36030990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, polyurethane has emerged as a new material that has been widely developed and applied in coated controlled release fertilizers (CRFs). Particularly in recent years, the excessive consumption of petroleum resources and increasing demand for sustainable development have resulted in considerable interest in bio-based polyurethane coated controlled-release fertilizers. This review article focuses on the application and progress of environmentally friendly bio-based materials in the polyurethane-coated CRF industry. We also explore prospects for the green and sustainable development of coated CRFs. Using animal and plant oils, starch, lignin, and cellulose as raw materials, polyols can be produced by physical, chemical, and biological means to replace petroleum-based materials and polyurethane film coating for CRFs can be prepared. Various modifications can also improve the hydrophobicity and degradability of polyurethane film. A growing body of research on bio-based polyurethane has revealed its great potential in the production and application of coated CRFs. The purpose of this review is to highlight the practicality of bio-based materials in the application of polyurethane-coated CRFs and to clarify their current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Canping Dun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Hiral Jariwala
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Peiyuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Qigen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Hongcheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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13
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Preparation and Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams with Silica-Based Fillers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane composite foams were prepared by adding three different types of silica materials as a filler to improve the mechanical and thermal insulation properties. The first type of filler consists of silica aerogels with high-volume pores, with the expectation of improving the thermal insulation of PU foams because silica aerogel itself has superior thermal insulation properties. Silica nanoparticle is used for the second type that has a size very similar to the pore size of silica aerogels for comparison. The last type to produce polyurethane composite foam uses a sol–gel reaction to produce polysiloxane that reacts with polyols during the urethane reaction and forming process. In particular, in the case of silica aerogels and nanoparticles, their surfaces are modified with APTES and then polymeric methylene diphenylene diisocyanate (PMDI) to increase the interaction between the polymer matrix and inorganic fillers. The polyurethane foam structure was successfully produced in all cases of composite foams. As expected, the mechanical properties and the thermal insulation effect were enhanced by the addition of silica fillers, but found to be closely related to the cell structure of polyurethane foams. The addition of small amounts of inorganic fillers improves the mechanical and thermal properties, but the higher the amount of filler, the worse they are due to the agglomeration of fillers on the cell walls. The dispersion of added inorganic fillers within the foam cells should be controlled effectively. Surface-modified silica fillers exhibit better enhancement of mechanical and thermal insulation properties.
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14
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Phung Hai T, Samoylov AA, Rajput BS, Burkart MD. Laboratory Ozonolysis Using an Integrated Batch-DIY Flow System for Renewable Material Production. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15350-15358. [PMID: 35571824 PMCID: PMC9096922 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flow chemistry offers a solution for replacing batch methods in chemical preparation where intermediates or products may pose toxicity or instability hazards. Ozonolysis offers an ideal opportunity for flow chemistry solutions, but multiple barriers to entry exist for use of these methods, including equipment cost and performance optimization. To address these challenges, we developed a programmable DIY syringe pump system to use for a continuous flow multireactor process using 3D-printed parts, off-the-shelf stepper motors, and an Arduino microcontroller. Reaction kinetics of ozonide formation informed the use of an integrated batch-flow approach, where ozone addition to an olefin was timed to coincide with fluid movement of a single-syringe pump, followed by downstream Pinnick oxidation and reductive quench in flow. The system was demonstrated by continuous preparation of azelaic acid from ozonolysis of palmitoleic acid, a process limited to low production volumes via batch chemistry. High total production of azelaic acid with 80% yield was obtained from an algae oil sourced unsaturated fatty acid: a product with important applications in medicine, cosmetics, and polymers. This low-cost, scalable approach offers the potential for rapid prototyping and distributed chemical production.
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15
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Ma Y, Xiao Y, Zhao Y, Bei Y, Hu L, Zhou Y, Jia P. Biomass based polyols and biomass based polyurethane materials as a route towards sustainability. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Kasi G, Gnanasekar S, Zhang K, Kang ET, Xu LQ. Polyurethane‐based
composites with promising antibacterial properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Kasi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies School of Materials and Energy Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Sathishkumar Gnanasekar
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies School of Materials and Energy Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies School of Materials and Energy Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - En Tang Kang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies School of Materials and Energy Southwest University Chongqing China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore Kent Ridge Singapore
| | - Li Qun Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies School of Materials and Energy Southwest University Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou China
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17
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Coste G, Negrell C, Caillol S. Cascade (Dithio)Carbonate Ring Opening Reactions for Self-Blowing Polyhydroxythiourethane Foams. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100833. [PMID: 35065540 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) foams are very common materials that have found many applications over the years. Their use is constantly improving due to their unique physical properties and easy blowing which does not require the addition of a blowing agent. Greener routes have been explored in the recent years to replace isocyanates. One of the most promising routes is leading to Polyhydroxyurethanes (PHU). However, with PHUs, external blowing agent are usually required to obtain a foam. Thus, our work focuses on PHU foam synthesis using in situ reaction to produce NIPU foam. Hence, the aminolysis of thiocyclic carbonate triggers Pearson reaction between released thiols and cyclic carbonates which serves as a chemical blowing agent. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem Coste
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Negrell
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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18
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Omrani I. High performance biobased pour-in-place rigid polyurethane foams from facile prepared castor oil-based polyol: Good compatibility with pentane series blowing agent. J CELL PLAST 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x211062632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, biobased and environmentally friendly rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF) from high hydroxyl value castor oil-based polyols have been prepared without the addition of petroleum-based polyols in the formulation. The new Biopolyol with high hydroxyl value was designed on the basis of the analysis of functionality, structure and hydroxyl value relation and synthesized directly from castor oil in a facile one-pot three-step system. A series of Biopolyols with hydroxyl values in the range of 550–650 mg KOH/g were obtained through transesterification, epoxidation, and hydrolysis. The Biopolyol chemical structure was characterized using FT-IR,1H NMR spectroscopies. The formulated blend polyol with amine catalysts and cyclopentane as a blowing agent have good cyclopentane solubility and phase separation between cyclopentane and polyol was not observed after 30 days. The foaming characteristics were evaluated and improved results were obtained. The thermal conductivity, thermal stability, compressive strength, morphology, dimensional stability, density, and foam flow of the RPUFs were characterized. The results are compared with RPUF prepared using standard commercial polyether polyols for pour-in-place RPUFs. The prepared biobased RPUFs from Biopolyol was able to reach the required satisfactory properties for the appliance industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Omrani
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
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19
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One-step synthesis and characteristics of LiOH-castor oil based stable polyurethane foam. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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20
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Phung Hai TA, Tessman M, Neelakantan N, Samoylov AA, Ito Y, Rajput BS, Pourahmady N, Burkart MD. Renewable Polyurethanes from Sustainable Biological Precursors. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1770-1794. [PMID: 33822601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, higher oil prices, and greenhouse gas emissions, the scientific community has been conducting an ongoing search for viable renewable alternatives to petroleum-based products, with the anticipation of increased adaptation in the coming years. New academic and industrial developments have encouraged the utilization of renewable resources for the development of ecofriendly and sustainable materials, and here, we focus on those advances that impact polyurethane (PU) materials. Vegetable oils, algae oils, and polysaccharides are included among the major renewable resources that have supported the development of sustainable PU precursors to date. Renewable feedstocks such as algae have the benefit of requiring only sunshine, carbon dioxide, and trace minerals to generate a sustainable biomass source, offering an improved carbon footprint to lessen environmental impacts. Incorporation of renewable content into commercially viable polymer materials, particularly PUs, has increasing and realistic potential. Biobased polyols can currently be purchased, and the potential to expand into new monomers offers exciting possibilities for new product development. This Review highlights the latest developments in PU chemistry from renewable raw materials, as well as the various biological precursors being employed in the synthesis of thermoset and thermoplastic PUs. We also provide an overview of literature reports that focus on biobased polyols and isocyanates, the two major precursors to PUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien An Phung Hai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Marissa Tessman
- Algenesis Materials Inc., 1238 Sea Village Drive, Cardiff, California 92007, United States
| | - Nitin Neelakantan
- Algenesis Materials Inc., 1238 Sea Village Drive, Cardiff, California 92007, United States
| | - Anton A Samoylov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Yuri Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Bhausaheb S Rajput
- Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0435, United States
| | - Naser Pourahmady
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Michael D Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States.,Algenesis Materials Inc., 1238 Sea Village Drive, Cardiff, California 92007, United States.,Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0435, United States
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21
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Coman AE, Peyrton J, Hubca G, Sarbu A, Gabor AR, Nicolae CA, Iordache TV, Averous L. Synthesis and characterization of renewable polyurethane foams using different biobased polyols from olive oil. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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22
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Gholami H, Yeganeh H. Soybean oil-derived non-isocyanate polyurethanes containing azetidinium groups as antibacterial wound dressing membranes. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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de Luca Bossa F, Verdolotti L, Russo V, Campaner P, Minigher A, Lama GC, Boggioni L, Tesser R, Lavorgna M. Upgrading Sustainable Polyurethane Foam Based on Greener Polyols: Succinic-Based Polyol and Mannich-Based Polyol. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13143170. [PMID: 32708562 PMCID: PMC7412382 DOI: 10.3390/ma13143170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that the traditional synthetic polymers, such as Polyurethane foams, require raw materials that are not fully sustainable and are based on oil-feedstocks. For this reason, renewable resources such as biomass, polysaccharides and proteins are still recognized as one of the most promising approaches for substituting oil-based raw materials (mainly polyols). However, polyurethanes from renewable sources exhibit poor physical and functional performances. For this reason, the best technological solution is the production of polyurethane materials obtained through a partial replacement of the oil-based polyurethane precursors. This approach enables a good balance between the need to improve the sustainability of the polymer and the need to achieve suitable performances, to fulfill the technological requirements for specific applications. In this paper, a succinic-based polyol sample (obtained from biomass source) was synthesized, characterized and blended with cardanol-based polyol (Mannich-based polyol) to produce sustainable rigid polyurethane foams in which the oil-based polyol is totally replaced. A suitable amount of catalysts and surfactant, water as blowing reagent and poly-methylene diphenyl di-isocyanate as isocyanate source were used for the polyurethane synthesis. The resulting foams were characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to control the cross-linking reactions, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the morphological structure and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermal conductivity to evaluate thermal degradation behavior and thermal insulation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando de Luca Bossa
- Institute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials, National Research Council, P.le Enrico Fermi 1, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (F.d.L.B.); (G.C.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Letizia Verdolotti
- Institute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials, National Research Council, P.le Enrico Fermi 1, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (F.d.L.B.); (G.C.L.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (R.T.)
| | - Pietro Campaner
- AEP Polymers Srl, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (P.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Minigher
- AEP Polymers Srl, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (P.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Cesare Lama
- Institute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials, National Research Council, P.le Enrico Fermi 1, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (F.d.L.B.); (G.C.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Laura Boggioni
- Institute for Chemical Science and Technologies, CNR, V. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Tesser
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (R.T.)
| | - Marino Lavorgna
- Institute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials, National Research Council, P.le Enrico Fermi 1, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (F.d.L.B.); (G.C.L.); (M.L.)
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24
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He W, Kang P, Fang Z, Hao J, Wu H, Zhu Y, Guo K. Flow Reactor Synthesis of Bio-Based Polyol from Soybean Oil for the Production of Rigid Polyurethane Foam. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Peng Kang
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jingying Hao
- The Research Institute of SINOPEC Co., Ltd, Tianjin Branch, Tianjin 10000, China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
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