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Heck J, Metz F, Buchenau S, Teubner M, Grimm-Lebsanft B, Spaniol TP, Hoffmann A, Rübhausen MA, Herres-Pawlis S. Manipulating electron transfer – the influence of substituents on novel copper guanidine quinolinyl complexes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8274-8288. [PMID: 35919707 PMCID: PMC9297705 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02910c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper guanidine quinolinyl complexes act as good entatic state models due to their distorted structures leading to a high similarity between Cu(i) and Cu(ii) complexes. For a better understanding of the entatic state principle regarding electron transfer a series of guanidine quinolinyl ligands with different substituents in the 2- and 4-position were synthesized to examine the influence on the electron transfer properties of the corresponding copper complexes. Substituents with different steric or electronic influences were chosen. The effects on the properties of the copper complexes were studied applying different experimental and theoretical methods. The molecular structures of the bis(chelate) copper complexes were examined in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and in solution by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealing a significant impact of the substituents on the complex structures. For a better insight natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations of the ligands and copper complexes were performed. The electron transfer was analysed by the determination of the electron self-exchange rates following Marcus theory. The obtained results were correlated with the results of the structural analysis of the complexes and of the NBO calculations. Nelsen's four-point method calculations give a deeper understanding of the thermodynamic properties of the electron transfer. These studies reveal a significant impact of the substituents on the properties of the copper complexes. Copper guanidine quinolinyl complexes act as good entatic state models for the electron transfer due to a high similarity between the corresponding Cu(i) and Cu(ii) complexes. The introduction of substituents leads to a further enhancement.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Heck
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Metz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sören Buchenau
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melissa Teubner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Grimm-Lebsanft
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael A. Rübhausen
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Paul M, Teubner M, Grimm-Lebsanft B, Buchenau S, Hoffmann A, Rübhausen M, Herres-Pawlis S. Influence of the amine donor on hybrid guanidine-stabilized Bis(μ-oxido) dicopper(III) complexes and their tyrosinase-like oxygenation activity towards polycyclic aromatic alcohols. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 224:111541. [PMID: 34416481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The tyrosinase-like activity of hybrid guanidine-stabilized bis(μ-oxido) dicopper(III) complexes [Cu2(μ-O)2(L)2](X)2 (L = 2-{2-((Diethylamino)methyl)phenyl}-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMGbenzNEt2, L2) and 2-{2-((Di-isopropylamino)methyl)phenyl}-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMGbenzNiPr2, L3); X = PF6-, BF4-, CF3SO3-) is described. New aromatic hybrid guanidine amine ligands were developed with varying amine donor function. Their copper(I) complexes were analyzed towards their ability to activate dioxygen in the presence of different weakly coordinating anions. The resulting bis(μ-oxido) species were characterized at low temperatures by UV/Vis and resonance Raman spectroscopy, cryo-ESI mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations. Small structural changes in the ligand sphere were found to influence the characteristic ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) features of the bis(μ-oxido) species, correlating a redshift in the UV/Vis spectrum with weaker N-donor function of the ligand. DFT calculations elucidated the influence of the steric and electronic properties of the bis(μ-oxido) species leading to a higher twist of the Cu2O2 plane against the CuN2 plane and a stretching of the Cu2O2 core. Despite their moderate stability at -100 °C, the bis(μ-oxido) complexes exhibited a remarkable activity in catalytic oxygenation reactions of polycyclic aromatic alcohols. Further the selectivity of the catalyst in the hydroxylation reactions of challenging phenolic substrates is not changed despite an increasing shield of the reactive bis(μ-oxido) core. The generated quinones were found to form exclusively bent phenazines, providing a promising strategy to access tailored phenazine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Paul
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Melissa Teubner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sören Buchenau
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Michael Rübhausen
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Rinke P, Görls H, Kretschmer R. Calcium and Magnesium Bis(β-diketiminate) Complexes: Impact of the Alkylene Bridge on Schlenk-Type Rearrangements. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5310-5321. [PMID: 33667337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dinuclear heteroleptic alkaline-earth-metal complexes are interesting synthetic targets because the close proximity of two metals allows for cooperative effects. However, these complexes are also prone to undergoing Schlenk-type rearrangements, affording less-active homoleptic complexes. Here we present the metalation of bis(β-diketimine) ligands possessing flexible bridging groups, i.e., 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, and trans-1,2-cyclohexylene, using calcium and magnesium precursors. Four mononuclear homoleptic calcium complexes were obtained, highlighting the pronounced tendency of calcium to undergo Schlenk-like redistributions. In the case of magnesium, however, the bridging group plays a crucial role, yielding seven dinuclear heteroleptic complexes but also one mononuclear and one dinuclear homoleptic complexes. In addition, a trinuclear mixed heteroleptic-homoleptic magnesium complex, which is a rare example of an intermediate of the Schlenk equilibrium, was isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rinke
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Kretschmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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4
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Rösch A, Seifert F, Vass V, Görls H, Kretschmer R. Synthesis, structure, and catalytic activity of dinuclear aluminium bis(amidinate) and bis(guanidinate) complexes. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05007e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ring-opening polymerization grand prix: Bis(amidinate)s outpaced their bis(guanidinate) competitors and won the race, while the drivers’ engines using acidic co-initiators collapsed before take-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Rösch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Fabian Seifert
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Valentin Vass
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Robert Kretschmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
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Rösch A, Herzog CM, Schreiner SHF, Görls H, Kretschmer R. Ditopic bis( N, N', N'-substituted 1,2-ethanediamine) ligands: synthesis and coordination chemistry. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13818-13828. [PMID: 33001083 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03124k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two different types of bis(N,N',N'-substituted 1,2-ethanediamine)s, bridged either through the secondary (type 1) or tertiary (type 2) amine groups is reported. Selected protio-ligands have been applied in subsequent metallation reactions using aluminium, magnesium, tin, and zinc sources allowing to isolate five mononuclear and eight dinuclear complexes. All complexes have been fully characterized and their solid-state structures have been studied by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Nine of the 13 complexes carry reactive alkyl, amide or hydride groups, which indicates their potential as catalysts or supports for (transition) metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Rösch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph M Herzog
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon H F Schreiner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Kretschmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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6
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Rösch A, Schreiner SHF, Schüler P, Görls H, Kretschmer R. Magnesium bis(amidinate) and bis(guanidinate) complexes: impact of the ligand backbone and bridging groups on the coordination behaviour. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13072-13082. [PMID: 32926063 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01923b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A library of ten dinucleating bis(amidine) and bis(guanidine) ligands, in which the bridging groups, terminal rests, and backbone substituents were systematically altered, has been synthesized and subsequently applied in metallation reactions using three different magnesium sources. Eight Mg complexes could be isolated and fully characterized, and in seven cases their solid-state structure could be determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The results evidence a versatile coordination behaviour, which ranges from the first dinuclear heteroleptic magnesium iodide complex to dinuclear homoleptic complexes. These findings indicate the crucial impact of both the ligand and the magnesium source not only on the accessibility of well-defined dinuclear complexes but also on the aggregation in solution and in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Rösch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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7
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Kantlehner W, Tiritiris I, Vettel M, Frey W. Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, IIC. Darstellung von N-( ω-Ammonioalkyl)- N,N′,N′,N″,N″-peralkylierten Guanidiniumsalzen und N-( ω-Aminoalkyl)- N′,N′,N″,N″-tetramethylguanidinen. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2019-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
N,N,N′,N′-Tetraalkylchlorformamidiniumchlorides 1a, b react with ω-dimethylaminoalkylamines 19, 20 to give mixtures of N-(ω-dimethylammonioalkyl)-guanidinium salts 12, 13 and N-(ω-dimethylaminoalkyl)-guanidinium salts 21, 22. These mixtures are transformed to mixtures of the ureas 15, 17 and N-(ω-dimethylaminoalkyl)-guanidines 23, 25 on treatment with aqueous sodium hydroxide. The reaction of N-(3-dimethylammoniopropyl)-guanidin 25a with dimethylsulfate in a molar ratio of 1:1 delivers a mixture of the N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyl-guanidinium salt 29a and the N-(3-dimethylammoniopropyl)-N,N′,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyl-guanidinium-bis (methylsulfate) 33a. The action of dimethylsulfate on the guanidines 23a, 25a in a molar ratio of 2:1 affords the bisquarternary salts 32a, 33a. Alkylating reagents as methyliodide, benzylbromide, allylbromide and chloroacetonitrile attack N-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-N′,N′,N″,N″-tetraethylguanidine (23b) in a molar ratio of 1:1 cleanly at the dimethylaminoethylgroup to give the ammonium salts 30a–d. As a strong base the guanidine 23b dehydrochlorinates β-Chlorpropionitrile and chloroacetone under formation of the guanidinium salt 21c. In contrast to this the reaction of ethyl bromoacetate with the N-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)guanidine 23b occurs at the guanidinogroup giving the guanidinium salt 28c. The methylation of the guanidinium chlorides 21a, 22a with dimethyl sulfate affords the bis-quaternary salts 35b, 36b with mixed anions. From the heterocyclic guanidines 14, 16 and the alkylating reagents benzylbromide and ethyl bromoacetate the heterocyclic guanidinium salts 37a, b, 39a, b can be obtained. The reactions with ethyl chloroformiate proceed in an analogous way giving the guanidinium salts 37c, 39c. The N-alkyl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-(3-ureidopropyl)guanidinium salts 41a, b can be prepared from the N′,N′,N″,N″-tetramethyl-N′′-(3-ureidopropyl) guanidine 17a and the alkylating compounds dimethyl sulfate and benzyl bromide. Several compounds obtained that way were transformed to the corresponding tetraphenyloborates and bis(tetraphenylborates), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi Kantlehner
- Institut für Angewandte Forschung, Abteilung Technische Organische Synthesechemie und Katalyseforschung (TOSKA), Hochschule Aalen , Beethovenstr. 1 , D-73430 Aalen , Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Ioannis Tiritiris
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Markus Vettel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
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8
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Kantlehner W, Tiritiris I, Frey W, Kreß R. Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, IC. Synthese und Reaktionen von N,N,N′,N′,N′′-Pentaalkyl- N′′-[2-( N,N,N′,N′,N′′-pentaalkylguanidinio)ethyl]-guanidiniumsalzen. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2019-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Bis[bis(dibutylamino)methylen]hydrazine 8 is prepared from N,N,N′,N′-tetrabutylchloroformamidinium chloride (4c) and hydrazine. Bromine transforms 8 to the heterocyclic guanidinium salt 15a which is isolated as tetraphenylborate. From N,N,N′,N′-tetraalkylchloroformamidiniumchlorides and ethylendiamine the diguanidines are prepared which are alkylated to give diguanidinium salts, From these salts guanidinium salts can be prepared by anion metathesis with tetraphenylborate-, iodide-, hexafluorphosphate-, trifluoromethansulfonat-, bis(trifluormethansulfonyl)imide and tricyanmethanide as counteranions. The structure of the compounds 15 and 17b is confirmed by crystal structure analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi Kantlehner
- Institut für Angewandte Forschung, Abteilung Technische Organische Synthesechemie und Katalyseforschung (TOSKA), Hochschule Aalen, Germany und Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , Beethovenstr. 1 , D-73430 Aalen, 70569 , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Ioannis Tiritiris
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Ralf Kreß
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
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9
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Kretschmer R. Ligands with Two Monoanionic N,N-Binding Sites: Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry. Chemistry 2020; 26:2099-2119. [PMID: 31755598 PMCID: PMC7064907 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polytopic ligands have become ubiquitous in coordination chemistry because they grant access to a variety of mono- and polynuclear complexes of transition metals as well as rare-earth and main-group elements. Nitrogen-based ditopic ligands, in which two monoanionic N,N-binding sites are framed within one molecule, are of particular importance and are therefore the primary focus of this review. In detail, bis(amidine)s, bis(guanidine)s, bis(β-diimine)s, bis(aminotroponimine)s, bis(pyrrolimine)s, and miscellaneous bis(N,N-chelating) ligands are reviewed. In addition to the general synthetic protocols, the application of these ligands is discussed along with their coordination chemistry, the multifarious binding modes, and the ability of these ligands to bridge two (or more) metal(loids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kretschmer
- Junior Professorship Inorganic Chemistry of Catalysis, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 807743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
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10
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Fuchs M, Schmitz S, Schäfer PM, Secker T, Metz A, Ksiazkiewicz AN, Pich A, Kögerler P, Monakhov KY, Herres-Pawlis S. Mononuclear zinc(II) Schiff base complexes as catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of lactide. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Schäfer PM, Dankhoff K, Rothemund M, Ksiazkiewicz AN, Pich A, Schobert R, Weber B, Herres‐Pawlis S. Towards New Robust Zn(II) Complexes for the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide Under Industrially Relevant Conditions. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1020-1026. [PMID: 31384524 PMCID: PMC6664153 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of bio-based and biodegradable plastics is a hot topic in research due to growing environmental problems caused by omnipresent plastics. As a result, polylactide, which has been known for years, has seen a tremendous increase in industrial production. Nevertheless, the manufacturing process using the toxic catalyst Sn(Oct)2 is very critical. As an alternative, five zinc acetate complexes have been synthesized with Schiff base-like ligands that exhibit high activity in the ring-opening polymerization of non-purified lactide. The systems bear different side arms in the ligand scaffold. The influence of these substituents has been analyzed. For a detailed description of the catalytic activities, the rate constants k app and k p were determined using in-situ Raman spectroscopy at a temperature of 150 °C. The polymers produced have molar masses of up to 71 000 g mol-1 and are therefore suitable for a variety of applications. Toxicity measurements carried out for these complexes proved the nontoxicity of the systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M. Schäfer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Katja Dankhoff
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry IVUniversität BayreuthUniversitätsstr. 3095440BayreuthGermany
| | - Matthias Rothemund
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry IUniversität BayreuthUniversitätsstr. 3095440BayreuthGermany
| | - Agnieszka N. Ksiazkiewicz
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 252074AachenGermany
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V.Forckenbeckstr. 5052074AachenGermany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM)Maastricht UniversityBrightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 226167 RDGeleenThe Netherlands
| | - Andrij Pich
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 252074AachenGermany
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V.Forckenbeckstr. 5052074AachenGermany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM)Maastricht UniversityBrightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 226167 RDGeleenThe Netherlands
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry IUniversität BayreuthUniversitätsstr. 3095440BayreuthGermany
| | - Birgit Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry IVUniversität BayreuthUniversitätsstr. 3095440BayreuthGermany
| | - Sonja Herres‐Pawlis
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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12
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Rittinghaus RD, Schäfer PM, Albrecht P, Conrads C, Hoffmann A, Ksiazkiewicz AN, Bienemann O, Pich A, Herres-Pawlis S. New Kids in Lactide Polymerization: Highly Active and Robust Iron Guanidine Complexes as Superior Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2161-2165. [PMID: 30811863 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polylactide is a biodegradable versatile material based on annually renewable resources and thus CO2 -neutral in its lifecycle. Until now, tin(II)octanoate [Sn(Oct2 )] was used as catalyst for the industrial ring-opening polymerization of lactide in spite of its cytotoxicity. On the way towards a sustainable catalyst, three iron(II) hybrid guanidine complexes were investigated concerning their molecular structure and applied to the ring-opening polymerization of lactide. The complexes could polymerize unpurified technical-grade rac-lactide as well as recrystallized l-lactide to long-chain polylactide in bulk with monomer/initiator ratios of more than 5000:1 in a controlled manner following the coordination-insertion mechanism. For the first time, a biocompatible complex has surpassed Sn(Oct)2 in its polymerization activity under industrially relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth D Rittinghaus
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pascal M Schäfer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pascal Albrecht
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Conrads
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka N Ksiazkiewicz
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials (DWI), Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Bienemann
- Fakultät für Chemie und chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials (DWI), Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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13
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Doddi A, Peters M, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of Main Group Elements and Their Use as Ligands in Transition Metal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6994-7112. [PMID: 30983327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are nowadays ubiquitous and indispensable in many research fields, and it is not possible to imagine modern transition metal and main group element chemistry without the plethora of available NHCs with tailor-made electronic and steric properties. While their suitability to act as strong ligands toward transition metals has led to numerous applications of NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, their strong σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting abilities have also contributed to an impressive vitalization of main group chemistry with the isolation and characterization of NHC adducts of almost any element. Formally, NHC coordination to Lewis acids affords a transfer of nucleophilicity from the carbene carbon atom to the attached exocyclic moiety, and low-valent and low-coordinate adducts of the p-block elements with available lone pairs and/or polarized carbon-element π-bonds are able to act themselves as Lewis basic donor ligands toward transition metals. Accordingly, the availability of a large number of novel NHC adducts has not only produced new varieties of already existing ligand classes but has also allowed establishment of numerous complexes with unusual and often unprecedented element-metal bonds. This review aims at summarizing this development comprehensively and covers the usage of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of the p-block elements as ligands in transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Peters
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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14
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Schäfer PM, McKeown P, Fuchs M, Rittinghaus RD, Hermann A, Henkel J, Seidel S, Roitzheim C, Ksiazkiewicz AN, Hoffmann A, Pich A, Jones MD, Herres-Pawlis S. Tuning a robust system: N,O zinc guanidine catalysts for the ROP of lactide. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6071-6082. [PMID: 30758389 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04938f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-toxic, highly active and robust complexes are the holy grail as ideal green catalysts for the polymerisation of biorenewable and biodegradable polylactide. Four new zinc guanidine complexes [ZnCl2(TMG4NMe2asme)], [ZnCl2(TMG5Clasme)], [ZnCl2(TMG5Measme)] and [ZnCl2(TMG5NMe2asme)] with different electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on the ligand's aromatic backbone have been synthesised. Ligands are derived from low-cost commercially available compounds and have been converted by a three- or four-step synthesis process into the desired ligand in good yields. The compounds have been fully characterised and tested in the ROP of rac-LA under industrially relevant conditions. The complexes are based on the recently published structure [ZnCl2(TMGasme)] which has shown high activity in the polymerisation of lactide at 150 °C. Different substituents in the para-position of the guanidine moiety significantly increase the polymerisation rate whereas positioning substituents in the meta-position causes no change in the reaction rate. With molecular weights over 71 000 g mol-1 being achievable, the best system produces polymers for multiple industrial applications and its polymerisation rate approaches that of Sn(Oct)2. The robust systems are able to polymerise non-purified lactide. The initiation of the polymerisation is suggested to occur due to impurities in the monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M Schäfer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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15
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Ortmeyer J, Vukadinovic Y, Neuba A, Flörke U, Henkel G. Combining a Phenanthroline Moiety with Peralkylated Guanidine Residues: Homometallic Cu
II
, Ni
II
and Zn
II
Halide Complexes with Site‐Differentiating Janus Head Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Ortmeyer
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften Department Chemie Universität Paderborn Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Yannik Vukadinovic
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften Department Chemie Universität Paderborn Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Adam Neuba
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften Department Chemie Universität Paderborn Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Ulrich Flörke
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften Department Chemie Universität Paderborn Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Gerald Henkel
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften Department Chemie Universität Paderborn Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
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16
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Allen JE, Kassel WS, Piro NA. Synthesis, structures and characterization of complexes containing a 2,6-bis(guanidinyl)pyridine ligand on iron(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(I), copper(II) and zinc(II). Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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17
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Abstract
Bis(guanidine) copper complexes are known for their ability to activate dioxygen. Unfortunately, until now, no bis(guanidine) copper-dioxygen adduct has been able to transfer oxygen to substrates. Using an aromatic backbone, fluorescence properties can be added to the copper(I) complex which renders them useful for later reaction monitoring. The novel bis(guanidine) ligand DMEG2tol stabilizes copper(I) and copper(II) complexes (characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry) and, after oxygen activation, bis(µ-oxido) dicopper(III) complexes which have been characterized by low-temperature UV/Vis and Raman spectroscopy. These bis(guanidine) stabilized bis(µ-oxido) complexes are able to mediate tyrosinase-like hydroxylation activity as first examples of bis(guanidine) stabilized complexes. The experimental study is accompanied by density functional theory calculations which highlight the special role of the different guanidine donors.
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18
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Wern M, Ortmeyer J, Josephs P, Schneider T, Neuba A, Henkel G, Schindler S. Syntheses, characterization, and reactivity of copper complexes with camphor-like tetramethylguanidine ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Ortmeyer J, Schneider T, Flörke U, Henkel G, Neuba A. A Powerful Synthesis Strategy of Novel Non-Symmetrical Camphor-Based Guanidines. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Ortmeyer
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften; Department Chemie; Fachbereich Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Str. 100 33098 Paderborn Deutschland
| | - Tobias Schneider
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften; Department Chemie; Fachbereich Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Str. 100 33098 Paderborn Deutschland
| | - Ulrich Flörke
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften; Department Chemie; Fachbereich Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Str. 100 33098 Paderborn Deutschland
| | - Gerald Henkel
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften; Department Chemie; Fachbereich Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Str. 100 33098 Paderborn Deutschland
| | - Adam Neuba
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften; Department Chemie; Fachbereich Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Str. 100 33098 Paderborn Deutschland
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20
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Dong S, Feng X, Liu X. Chiral guanidines and their derivatives in asymmetric synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8525-8540. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00792b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews current achievements of chiral guanidines and their derivatives in organocatalysis, and updates versatile guanidine–metal salt combinations in asymmetric catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
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21
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Metz A, McKeown P, Esser B, Gohlke C, Kröckert K, Laurini L, Scheckenbach M, McCormick SN, Oswald M, Hoffmann A, Jones MD, Herres-Pawlis S. ZnII
Chlorido Complexes with Aliphatic, Chiral Bisguanidine Ligands as Catalysts in the Ring-Opening Polymerisation of rac
-Lactide Using FT-IR Spectroscopy in Bulk. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Metz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Germany
| | - Paul McKeown
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies; Department of Chemistry; University of Bath; Claverton Down BA2 7AY Bath United Kingdom
| | - Bastian Esser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Germany
| | - Clara Gohlke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Germany
| | - Konstantin Kröckert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Germany
| | - Larissa Laurini
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Germany
| | - Michael Scheckenbach
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Ludwig-Maximlians University Munich; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Strachan N. McCormick
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies; Department of Chemistry; University of Bath; Claverton Down BA2 7AY Bath United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Oswald
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Ludwig-Maximlians University Munich; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Germany
| | - Matthew D. Jones
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies; Department of Chemistry; University of Bath; Claverton Down BA2 7AY Bath United Kingdom
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Germany
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22
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Reactivity of Zinc Halide Complexes Containing Camphor-Derived Guanidine Ligands with Technical rac-Lactide. INORGANICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics5040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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23
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Ortmeyer J, Vukadinovic Y, Neuba A, Egold H, Flörke U, Henkel G. Combining a Phenanthroline Moiety with Two Peralkylated Guanidine Residues: Janus Head Pro-Ligands. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Ortmeyer
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Department Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Yannik Vukadinovic
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Department Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Adam Neuba
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Department Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Hans Egold
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Department Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Ulrich Flörke
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Department Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Gerald Henkel
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Department Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
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24
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Schäfer PM, Fuchs M, Ohligschläger A, Rittinghaus R, McKeown P, Akin E, Schmidt M, Hoffmann A, Liauw MA, Jones MD, Herres-Pawlis S. Highly Active N,O Zinc Guanidine Catalysts for the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3547-3556. [PMID: 28779508 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
New zinc guanidine complexes with N,O donor functionalities were prepared, characterized by X-Ray crystallography, and examined for their catalytic activity in the solvent-free ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of technical-grade rac-lactide at 150 °C. All complexes showed a high activity. The fastest complex [ZnCl2 (DMEGasme)] (C1) produced colorless poly(lactide) (PLA) after 90 min with a conversion of 52 % and high molar masses (Mw =69 100, polydispersity=1.4). The complexes were tested with different monomer-to-initiator ratios to determine the rate constant kp . Furthermore, a polymerization with the most active complex C1 was monitored by in situ Raman spectroscopy. Overall, conversion of up to 90 % can be obtained. End-group analysis was performed to clarify the mechanism. All four complexes combine robustness against impurities in the lactide with high polymerization rates, and they represent the fastest robust lactide ROP catalysts to date, opening new avenues to a sustainable ROP catalyst family for industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M Schäfer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Fuchs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ohligschläger
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Rittinghaus
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paul McKeown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, ClavertonDown, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Enver Akin
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Department Chemie, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schmidt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcel A Liauw
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthew D Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, ClavertonDown, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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25
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Vass V, Dehmel M, Lehni F, Kretschmer R. A Facile One-Pot Synthesis of 1,2,3-Tri- and 1,1,2,3-Tetrasubstituted Bis(guanidine)s from Bis(thiourea)s. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Vass
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universtität Regensburg; Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Maximilian Dehmel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universtität Regensburg; Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Florian Lehni
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universtität Regensburg; Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Robert Kretschmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universtität Regensburg; Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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26
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Wangngae S, Pattarawarapan M, Phakhodee W. Ph3P/I2-Mediated Synthesis of N,N′,N″-Substituted Guanidines and 2-Iminoimidazolin-4-ones from Aryl Isothiocyanates. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10331-10340. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sirilak Wangngae
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, ‡Graduate School, §Center of Excellence in Materials
Science and Technology, and ∥Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Mookda Pattarawarapan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, ‡Graduate School, §Center of Excellence in Materials
Science and Technology, and ∥Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wong Phakhodee
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, ‡Graduate School, §Center of Excellence in Materials
Science and Technology, and ∥Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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27
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Shimizu I, Morimoto Y, Faltermeier D, Kerscher M, Paria S, Abe T, Sugimoto H, Fujieda N, Asano K, Suzuki T, Comba P, Itoh S. Tetrahedral Copper(II) Complexes with a Labile Coordination Site Supported by a Tris-tetramethylguanidinato Ligand. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:9634-9645. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuma Shimizu
- Department of Material
and Life Science, Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuma Morimoto
- Department of Material
and Life Science, Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Dieter Faltermeier
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut and Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Universität Heidelberg, INF 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marion Kerscher
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut and Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Universität Heidelberg, INF 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sayantan Paria
- Department of Material
and Life Science, Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Abe
- Department of Material
and Life Science, Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Sugimoto
- Department of Material
and Life Science, Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Fujieda
- Department of Material
and Life Science, Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaori Asano
- Comprehensive Analysis Center, The Institute of Scientific
and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0057, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Suzuki
- Comprehensive Analysis Center, The Institute of Scientific
and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0057, Japan
| | - Peter Comba
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut and Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Universität Heidelberg, INF 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shinobu Itoh
- Department of Material
and Life Science, Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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28
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Strassl F, Grimm-Lebsanft B, Rukser D, Biebl F, Biednov M, Brett C, Timmermann R, Metz F, Hoffmann A, Rübhausen M, Herres-Pawlis S. Oxygen Activation by Copper Complexes with an Aromatic Bis(guanidine) Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Strassl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Benjamin Grimm-Lebsanft
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik; Universität Hamburg und Center for Free Electron Laser Science; Notkestraße 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Dieter Rukser
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik; Universität Hamburg und Center for Free Electron Laser Science; Notkestraße 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Florian Biebl
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik; Universität Hamburg und Center for Free Electron Laser Science; Notkestraße 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Mykola Biednov
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik; Universität Hamburg und Center for Free Electron Laser Science; Notkestraße 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Calvin Brett
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik; Universität Hamburg und Center for Free Electron Laser Science; Notkestraße 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Riccardo Timmermann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Fabian Metz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Michael Rübhausen
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik; Universität Hamburg und Center for Free Electron Laser Science; Notkestraße 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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29
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Yan QL, Cohen A, Petrutik N, Shlomovich A, Zhang JG, Gozin M. Formation of Highly Thermostable Copper-Containing Energetic Coordination Polymers Based on Oxidized Triaminoguanidine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21674-21682. [PMID: 27483139 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel highly thermostable energetic coordination polymers (ECPs), with promising mechanical sensitivity properties, were prepared by an in situ oxidation-coordination reaction of triaminoguanidine hydrochloride with copper nitrate in aqueous solution. The molecular structures and properties of these ECPs could be tuned, by varying the ratios and concentrations of the starting materials. Our ECPs exhibit remarkable thermostability (>390 °C) and very low sensitivity to impact (Im > 98 J). The best-performing material (ECP-5) has a calculated detonation velocity of 8969 m·s(-1) and a decomposition peak temperature of 396.9 °C, demonstrating an outstanding balance between two inherently contradicting properties: high detonation performance and very low sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Long Yan
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Adva Cohen
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Natan Petrutik
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Avital Shlomovich
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology , 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Michael Gozin
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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30
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Metz A, Hoffmann A, Hock K, Herres-Pawlis S. Katalysatoren für die Produktion von Biokunststoffen. CHEM UNSERER ZEIT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.201600691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Schurr D, Strassl F, Liebhäuser P, Rinke G, Dittmeyer R, Herres-Pawlis S. Decay kinetics of sensitive bioinorganic species in a SuperFocus mixer at ambient conditions. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00119j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
For the first time the formation and decay of the thermally very sensitive bis(μ-oxo)dicopper species was monitored at ambient temperature in a continuous flow setup and the rate constant of the decay was measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schurr
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Florian Strassl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | | | - Günter Rinke
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Roland Dittmeyer
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
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32
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Molecular structure and DFT investigations on new cobalt(II) chloride complex with superbase guanidine type ligand. J CHEM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-015-0976-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Herres-Pawlis S, Haase R, Verma P, Hoffmann A, Kang P, Stack TDP. Formation of hybrid guanidine-stabilized bis(μ-oxo)dicopper cores in solution: Electronic and steric perturbations. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015; 2015:5426-5436. [PMID: 27990098 PMCID: PMC5158105 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of new hybrid peralkylated-amine-guanidine ligands based on a 1,3-propanediamine backbone and their Cu-O2 chemistry is reported. The copper(I) complexes react readily with O2 at low temperatures in aprotic solvents with weakly coordinating anions to form exclusively bis(μ-oxo) dicopper species (O). Variation of the substituents on each side of the hybrid bidentate ligand highlights that less sterically demanding amine and guanidine substituents increase not only the thermal stability of the formed O cores but enhance inner-sphere phenolate hydroxylation pathways. TD-DFT analysis on selected guanidine-amine O species suggest that the additional visible feature observed is a guanidine π*→ Cu2O2 LMCT, which appears along with the classic oxo-ζu*→Cu(III) and πζ*→ Cu(III) LMCT transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Lehrstuhl für Bioanorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Roxana Haase
- Department Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Pratik Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Lehrstuhl für Bioanorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peng Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - T Daniel P Stack
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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34
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Döring A, Flörke U, Hoffmann A, Jones MD, Kuckling D, Michaelis de Vasconcellos J, Herres-Pawlis S. Zinc Complexes with Guanidine-Pyridine Hybrid Ligands: Anion Effect and Catalytic Activity. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Rohrmüller M, Hoffmann A, Thierfelder C, Herres-Pawlis S, Schmidt WG. The Cu2O2torture track for a real-life system: [Cu2(btmgp)2O2]2+oxo and peroxo species in density functional calculations†. J Comput Chem 2015; 36:1672-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rohrmüller
- Universität Paderborn, Department Physik, Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Physik; Pohlweg 55 33095 Paderborn Germany
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- RWTH Aachen University, Fachgruppe Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Bioanorganische Chemie; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Christian Thierfelder
- Universität Paderborn, Department Physik, Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Physik; Pohlweg 55 33095 Paderborn Germany
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- RWTH Aachen University, Fachgruppe Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Bioanorganische Chemie; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Wolf Gero Schmidt
- Universität Paderborn, Department Physik, Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Physik; Pohlweg 55 33095 Paderborn Germany
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36
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Neuba A, Rohrmüller M, Hölscher R, Schmidt WG, Henkel G. A panel of peralkylated sulfur–guanidine type bases: Novel pro-ligands for use in biomimetic coordination chemistry. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Volbeda J, Jones PG, Tamm M. Preparation of chiral imidazolin-2-imine ligands and their application in ruthenium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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39
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Jesser A, Rohrmüller M, Schmidt WG, Herres-Pawlis S. Geometrical and optical benchmarking of copper guanidine-quinoline complexes: Insights from TD-DFT and many-body perturbation theory†. J Comput Chem 2013; 35:1-17. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Jesser
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Martin Rohrmüller
- Universität Paderborn, Department Physik Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Physik; Warburger Str. 100, 33095 Paderborn Germany
| | - Wolf Gero Schmidt
- Universität Paderborn, Department Physik Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Physik; Warburger Str. 100, 33095 Paderborn Germany
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
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40
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Klapp LRR, Bruhn C, Leibold M, Siemeling U. Ferrocene-Based Bis(guanidines): Superbases for Tridentate N,Fe,N-Coordination. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400454v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz R. R. Klapp
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße
40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße
40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Michael Leibold
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße
40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße
40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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41
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Maronna A, Hübner O, Enders M, Kaifer E, Himmel HJ. Bisguanidines with Biphenyl, Binaphthyl, and Bipyridyl Cores: Proton-Sponge Properties and Coordination Chemistry. Chemistry 2013; 19:8958-77. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Hoppe T, Josephs P, Kempf N, Wölper C, Schindler S, Neuba A, Henkel G. An Approach to Model the Active Site of Peptidglycine-α-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Flörke U, Neuba A, Henkel G. 2-Benzylsulfanyl- N-(1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)aniline. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o554. [PMID: 23634093 PMCID: PMC3629606 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813007101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The molecular structure of the title compound, C18H21N3S, shows a twisted conformation with a dihedral angle of 67.45 (4)° between the aromatic ring planes and an N—C—C—S torsion angle of −5.01 (13)°. The imidazolidine ring and the aniline moiety make a dihedral angle of 56.03 (4)° and the asscociated C—N—C angle is 125.71 (10)°. The guanidine-like C=N double bond is clearly localized, with a bond length of 1.2879 (14) Å. The C—S—C angle is 102.12 (5)° and the S—C(aromatic) and S—C bond lengths are 1.7643 (11) and 1.8159 (12) Å.
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44
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Neuba A, Flörke U, Henkel G. The mixed-valent copper thiol-ate complex hexa-kis-{μ3-2-[(1,3-dimethyl-imidazol-idene)amino]-benzene-thiol-ato}dicopper(II)tetra-copper(I) bis-(hexa-fluoridophosphate) acetonitrile disolvate dichloro-methane disolvate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:m54-5. [PMID: 23476349 PMCID: PMC3588332 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812050428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mol-ecular structure of the title compound, [Cu4(I)Cu2(II)(C11H14N3S)6](PF6)2·2CH3CN·2CH2Cl2, shows a mixed-valent copper(I/II) thiol-ate complex with a distorted tetra-hedral coordination of the Cu(I) and Cu(II) cations by one guanidine N atom and three S atoms each. Characteristic features of the Cu6S6 skeleton are a total of six chemically identical μ3-thiol-ate bridges and almost planar Cu2S2 units with a maximum deviation of 0.110 (1) Å from the best plane. Each Cu2S2 unit then shares common Cu-S edges with a neighbouring unit; the enclosed dihedral angle is 60.14 (2)°. The geometric centre of the Cu6S6 cation lies on a crystallographic inversion centre. Cu-S bond lengths range from 2.294 (1) to 2.457 (1) Å, Cu-N bond lengths from 2.005 (3) to 2.018 (3) Å and the non-bonding Cu⋯Cu distances from 2.5743 (7) to 2.5892 (6) Å. C-H⋯F hydrogen-bond inter-actions occur between the PF6(-) anion and the complex mol-ecule and between the PF6(-) anion and the acetonitrile solvent mol-ecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Neuba
- Universität Paderborn, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Department Chemie, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn
| | - Ulrich Flörke
- Universität Paderborn, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Department Chemie, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn
| | - Gerald Henkel
- Universität Paderborn, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Department Chemie, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn
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45
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Neuba A, Flörke U, Henkel G. Bis(2-{[bis-(dimethyl-amino)-methyl-idene]amino-κN}benzene-sulfonato-κN)copper(II). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:m1482. [PMID: 23468705 PMCID: PMC3588740 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812046387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The mol-ecular structure of the title compound, [Cu(C11H16N3O3S)2], shows the Cu(II) atom with a distorted square-planar coordination geometry from the N2O2 donor set of the two chelating 2-{[bis-(dimethyl-amino)-methyl-idene]amino}-benzene-sulfonate ligands. The Cu(II) atom lies 0.065 (1) Å above the N2O2 plane and the Cu-O [2 × 1.945 (2) Å] and Cu-N bond lengths [1.968 (3) and 1.962 (3) Å] lie in expected ranges. The two aromatic ring planes make a dihedral angle of 85.48 (1)°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Neuba
- Universität Paderborn, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Department Chemie, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flörke
- Universität Paderborn, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Department Chemie, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Gerald Henkel
- Universität Paderborn, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Department Chemie, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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46
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Bienemann O, Froin AK, dos Santos Vieira I, Wortmann R, Hoffmann A, Herres-Pawlis S. Structural Aspects of Copper-Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with a Novel Tetradentate Bisguanidine Ligand. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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Neuba A, Flörke U, Henkel G. N-Trityl-2-(tritylsulfan-yl)aniline. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o2887. [PMID: 22219922 PMCID: PMC3247617 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811039183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C44H35NS, is a derivative of aminothiophenol and possesses a protected S-triphenylmethyl thioether and an N-triphenylmethylamine functional group. The trityl groups show an anti orientation, with C—C—N—C and C—C—S—C torsion angles of −151.0 (3) and −105.3 (2)°, respectively. There is an intramolecular N—H⋯S hydrogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Neuba
- Department Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Universität Paderborn, Warburgerstrasse 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
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48
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Börner J, dos Santos Vieira I, Jones MD, Döring A, Kuckling D, Flörke U, Herres-Pawlis S. Zinc Complexes with Guanidine-Pyridine Hybrid Ligands - Guanidine Effect and Catalytic Activity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Neuba A, Flörke U, Henkel G. 2-[2-(Benzyl-sulfan-yl)phen-yl]-1,1,3,3-tetra-methyl-guanidine. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o1202-3. [PMID: 21754503 PMCID: PMC3089166 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811014577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The mol-ecular structure of the title compound, C(18)H(23)N(3)S, shows it to be a derivative of an amino-thio-phenol possessing a tetra-methyl-guanidine group with a localized C=N double bond of 1.304 (2) Å and a protected thiol functional group as an S-benzyl thio-ether. The two aromatic ring planes make a dihedral angle of 67.69 (6)°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Neuba
- Department Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Universität Paderborn, Warburgerstrasse 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flörke
- Department Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Universität Paderborn, Warburgerstrasse 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Gerald Henkel
- Department Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Universität Paderborn, Warburgerstrasse 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
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50
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Neuba A, Flörke U, Henkel G. N-[Bis(dimethyl-amino)-methyl-idene]-2-[(triphenyl-meth-yl)sulfan-yl]ethanaminium hexa-fluoro-phosphate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o1238-9. [PMID: 21754533 PMCID: PMC3089070 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811014929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mol-ecular structure of the title compound, C(26)H(32)N(3)S(+)·PF(6) (-), shows a protonated guanidyl group bridged by an ethyl-ene linker with a tritylsulfanyl unit. The guanidinium (gua) unit displays charge delocalization over the three N-C(gua) bonds. The N-C-C-S group shows a folded nonplanar conformation with a torsion angle of 158.4 (1)°. In the crystal, the cation and anion are linked by an N-H⋯F inter-action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Neuba
- Department Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Universität Paderborn, Warburgerstrasse 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flörke
- Department Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Universität Paderborn, Warburgerstrasse 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Gerald Henkel
- Department Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Universität Paderborn, Warburgerstrasse 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
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