1
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Zhang X, Su W, Guo H, Fang P, Yang K, Song Q. N-Heterocycle-Editing to Access Fused-BN-Heterocycles via Ring-Opening/C-H Borylation/Reductive C-B Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318613. [PMID: 38196396 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal editing of N-heterocycles has recently received considerable attention, and the introduction of boron atom into heterocycles often results in positive property changes. However, direct enlargement of N-heterocycles through boron atom insertion is rarely reported in the literature. Here, we report a N-heterocyclic editing reaction through the combination boron atom insertion and C-H borylation, accessing the fused-BN-heterocycles. The synthetic potential of this chemistry was demonstrated by substrate scope and late-stage diversification of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Wanlan Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Huosheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Pengyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
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2
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Reissig F, Mamat C. Strained Ammonium Precursors for Radiofluorinations. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200039. [PMID: 35736542 PMCID: PMC9220932 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing application of positron emission tomography (PET) in nuclear medicine has stimulated the extensive development of a multitude of novel and versatile techniques to introduce fluorine‐18, especially for the radiolabelling of biologically or pharmacologically active molecules. Taking into consideration that the introduction of fluorine‐18 (t1/2=109.8 min) mostly proceeds under harsh conditions, radiolabelling of such molecules represents a challenge and is of enormous interest. Ideally, it should proceed in a regioselective manner under mild physiological conditions, in an acceptable time span, with high yields and high specific activities. Special attention has been drawn to 2‐fluoroethyl and 3‐fluoropropyl groups, which are often the active sites of radiofluorinated compounds. Precursors containing an ammonium leaving group – such as a strained azetidinium or aziridinium moiety – can help to overcome these obstacles leading to a convenient and mild introduction of [18F]fluoride with high radiochemical yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falco Reissig
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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3
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Tayama E, Kawai K. Synthesis of tertiary alkyl fluorides and chlorides by site-selective nucleophilic ring-opening reaction of α-aryl azetidinium salts. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39607-39618. [PMID: 35492462 PMCID: PMC9044468 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Site-selective nucleophilic ring-opening reactions of 2-arylazetidine-2-carboxylic acid ester-derived tetraalkyl ammonium salts 2 with tetrabutylammonium halides (Bu4NX) to give tertiary alkyl halides are successfully demonstrated. For example, a nucleophilic ring-opening reaction of 2-(o-tolyl) derivative 2a with 1.2 equivalents of tetrabutylammonium fluoride (Bu4NF) in THF at 60 °C preferentially proceeded at a more substituted carbon atom (2-position) compared to a less-substituted carbon atom (4-position) and afforded tert-butyl 4-(dimethylamino)-2-fluoro-2-(o-tolyl)butanoate 3aa in 71% yield as the corresponding tertiary alkyl fluoride. This result was applied to synthesize optically active organofluorine compounds starting from commercially available (R)-1-phenylethylamine. Site-selective nucleophilic ring-opening of 2 with Bu4NX proceeded at a much-substituted 2-position preferentially and produced tertiary alkyl halides 3.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Tayama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Kohei Kawai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University Niigata 950-2181 Japan
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4
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Abstract
Azetidinium salts are important motifs in organic synthesis but are difficult to obtain due to extremely long synthetic protocols. Herein, a rapid continuous-flow process for the on-demand synthesis of azetidinium salts is described. In particular, the nucleophilic addition of secondary amines and the subsequent intramolecular N-cyclization have been investigated in batch and continuous-flow modes, exploring the effects of solvent type, temperature, reaction time, and amine substituent on the synthesis of azetidinium salts. This has enabled us to quickly identify optimal reaction conditions and obtain microkinetic parameters, verifying that the use of a flow reactor leads to a reduction of the activation energy for the epichlorohydrin aminolysis due to the better control of mass and heat transfer during reaction. This confirms the key role of continuous-flow technologies to affect the kinetics of a reaction and make synthetic protocols ultrarapid and more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Sivo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ruta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianvito Vilé
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133 Milano, Italy
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5
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Čikoš A, Dragojević S, Kubiček A. Degradation products of azetidine core G334089 - Isolation, structure elucidation and pathway. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 203:114232. [PMID: 34246845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An extensive forced degradation study using hydrolytic degradation conditions was performed on G334089, the S-enantiomer of the free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) antagonist GLPG0974, to identify the degradation product structures and discern degradation pathways. Not all degradation products generated ions in the MS spectra, while several others were isomers, so more rigorous degradation conditions were applied to increase the degradant yield. Esterification of the degradants facilitated isolation via preparative HPLC and subsequent NMR and MS characterisation. The determined structures, retention times and fragmentation patterns were used to identify the original degradation products and postulate a degradation pathway. In addition to the expected amide bond hydrolysis, a second degradation mechanism involving azetidine activation through formation of an azetidinium ion was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Čikoš
- Fidelta Ltd, Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 29, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Adrijana Kubiček
- Fidelta Ltd, Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 29, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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6
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Tayama E, Nakanome N. Synthesis of optically active 2-substituted azetidine-2-carbonitriles from chiral 1-arylethylamine via α-alkylation of N-borane complexes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23825-23837. [PMID: 35479785 PMCID: PMC9036535 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04585g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The base-promoted α-alkylation of N-((S)-1-arylethyl)azetidine-2-carbonitriles 3via formation of their N-borane complexes 4 was investigated. For example, treatment of diastereomerically pure borane N-((S)-1′-(4′′-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)azetidine-2-carbonitrile complex (1S,2S,1′S)-4b with 1.2 equivalents of LDA at −78 °C followed by 1.3 equivalents of benzyl bromide at −78 °C and warming to room temperature produced α-benzylated (2S,1′S)-5ba in 72% yield and (2R,1′S)-5ba in 2% yield. A mechanism for this diastereoselective α-alkylation was proposed. Our method enables the production of optically active 2-substituted azetidine-2-carbonitriles, such as α-benzylated (S)-10a and (R)-10a, starting from commercially available (S)-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)amine. Synthesis of optically active 2-substituted azetidine-2-carbonitriles by LDA-promoted diastereoselective α-alkylation of borane N-((S)-1-arylethyl)azetidine-2-carbonitrile complexes was demonstrated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Tayama
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Niigata University
- Niigata
- Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakanome
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Niigata University
- Niigata
- Japan
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7
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Masson G, Gomez Pardo D, Cossy J. Ring-opening of azetidiniums by nucleophiles. Synthesis of polysubstituted linear amines. Chirality 2020; 33:5-21. [PMID: 33201588 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This microreview focuses on the nucleophilic ring-opening of azetidiniums presenting various substitution patterns at C2, C3, and C4. In most cases, the nucleophilic ring-opening occurred in a stereoselective and regioselective fashion producing functionalized linear amines. Experimental selectivities associated with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations have allowed a better understanding of the parameters governing the regioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Masson
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Domingo Gomez Pardo
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France
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8
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Kim Y, Heo J, Kim D, Chang S, Seo S. Ring-opening functionalizations of unstrained cyclic amines enabled by difluorocarbene transfer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4761. [PMID: 32958762 PMCID: PMC7506026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical synthesis based on the skeletal variation has been prolifically utilized as an attractive approach for modification of molecular properties. Given the ubiquity of unstrained cyclic amines, the ability to directly alter such motifs would grant an efficient platform to access unique chemical space. Here, we report a highly efficient and practical strategy that enables the selective ring-opening functionalization of unstrained cyclic amines. The use of difluorocarbene leads to a wide variety of multifaceted acyclic architectures, which can be further diversified to a range of distinctive homologative cyclic scaffolds. The virtue of this deconstructive strategy is demonstrated by successful modification of several natural products and pharmaceutical analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangwon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Roagna G, Ascough DMH, Ibba F, Vicini AC, Fontana A, Christensen KE, Peschiulli A, Oehlrich D, Misale A, Trabanco AA, Paton RS, Pupo G, Gouverneur V. Hydrogen Bonding Phase-Transfer Catalysis with Ionic Reactants: Enantioselective Synthesis of γ-Fluoroamines. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14045-14051. [PMID: 32608977 PMCID: PMC7441491 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Ammonium
salts are used as phase-transfer catalysts for fluorination
with alkali metal fluorides. We now demonstrate that these organic
salts, specifically azetidinium triflates, are suitable substrates
for enantioselective ring opening with CsF and a chiral bis-urea catalyst. This process, which highlights the ability of hydrogen
bonding phase-transfer catalysts to couple two ionic reactants, affords
enantioenriched γ-fluoroamines in high yields. Mechanistic studies
underline the role of the catalyst for phase-transfer, and computed
transition state structures account for the enantioconvergence observed
for mixtures of achiral azetidinium diastereomers. The N-substituents
in the electrophile influence the reactivity, but the configuration
at nitrogen is unimportant for the enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Roagna
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - David M H Ascough
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Francesco Ibba
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Anna Chiara Vicini
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Alberto Fontana
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag S.A., Calle Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Kirsten E Christensen
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Aldo Peschiulli
- Discovery Sciences Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Daniel Oehlrich
- Discovery Sciences Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Antonio Misale
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag S.A., Calle Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Andrés A Trabanco
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag S.A., Calle Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Robert S Paton
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Gabriele Pupo
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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10
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Ashworth IW, Chan LC, Cox BG, McFarlane IM, Phillips AR. Understanding the Alkylation of a Phenol by 1-(3-Chloropropyl)pyrrolidine: Evidence for the Intermediacy of an Azetidinium Ion. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4754-4762. [PMID: 30404447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The final synthetic step in the synthesis of cediranib, AZD2171, 1, is the alkylation of a phenol with an alkyl halide to generate an ether. Our need to understand and control the formation of synthetic impurities generated in this step of the synthesis led us to investigate the kinetics and mechanism of the alkylation of indolphenol, 2, 4-[(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1 H-indol-5-yl)oxy]-6-methoxyquinazolin-7-ol, by chloropyrrolidine, 3, 1-(3-chloropropyl)pyrrolidine. Studies in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) established that the active alkylating agent is the azetidinium ion, 4, 4-azoniaspiro[3.4]octane, formed via a slow intramolecular cyclization reaction of chloropyrrolidine, 3. The azetidinium ion was isolated as its tetraphenylborate salt from water by heating 3 in the presence of aqueous potassium tetraphenyl borate, and its competence as an intermediate was demonstrated by its fast reaction with 2 to yield cediranib, 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W Ashworth
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development , AstraZeneca , S41/11 Etherow, Silk Road Business Park , Macclesfield , SK10 2NA , United Kingdom
| | - Lai C Chan
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development , AstraZeneca , S41/11 Etherow, Silk Road Business Park , Macclesfield , SK10 2NA , United Kingdom
| | - Brian G Cox
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development , AstraZeneca , S41/11 Etherow, Silk Road Business Park , Macclesfield , SK10 2NA , United Kingdom
| | - Ian M McFarlane
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development , AstraZeneca , S41/11 Etherow, Silk Road Business Park , Macclesfield , SK10 2NA , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Phillips
- Early Product Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Silk Road Business Park , Macclesfield , SK10 2NA , United Kingdom
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11
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Yang S, Wang L, Zhang H, Liu C, Zhang L, Wang X, Zhang G, Li Y, Zhang Q. Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Aminocyanation of Arylcyclopropanes for Synthesis of γ-Amino Nitriles. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengbiao Yang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Chunyang Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Linli Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yan Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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12
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Tayama E, Nishio R, Kobayashi Y. Base-promoted diastereoselective α-alkylation of borane N-((S)-1'-phenylethyl)azetidine-2-carboxylic acid ester complexes. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:5833-5845. [PMID: 30070285 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01395k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The base-promoted α-alkylation of N-((S)-1-phenylethyl)azetidine-2-carboxylic acid esters 1 was investigated. The use of diastereomerically pure borane complexes 3 as substrates, which are easily prepared from 1, dramatically improved the yields and diastereoselectivities of α-alkylated products 2. For example, the treatment of tert-butyl ester (1S,2S,1'S)-3a with 2.4 equivalents of lithium bis(trimethysilyl)amide (LiHMDS) at 0 °C followed by 2.6 equivalents of benzyl bromide afforded α-benzylated (2S,1'S)-2aa in 90% yield as almost a single diastereomer. Our method enables the production of optically active α-substituted azetidine-2-carboxylic acid esters starting from commercially available (S)-1-phenylethylamine, which is one of the least expensive chiral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Tayama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan.
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13
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Liu P, Zou S, Yu B, Li L, Huang H. Catalyst-Free Aminomethylamination of o-Hydroxystyrenes with Aminals to 1,3-Diamines. Org Lett 2018; 20:3601-3604. [PMID: 29877084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new catalyst-free protocol for aminomethylamination of o-hydroxystyrenes with simple aminals is described. This direct and operationally simple method provides a fundamentally novel and rapid approach for the synthesis of 1,3-diamines. This novel reaction occurs under mild reaction conditions and provides a fundamentally unique and efficient strategy for the synthesis of 1,3-diamines with good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science , South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Suchen Zou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , 230026 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bangkui Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , 230026 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science , South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , 230026 , People's Republic of China
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14
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Qian D, Chen M, Bissember AC, Sun J. Counterion-Induced Asymmetric Control in Ring-Opening of Azetidiniums: Facile Access to Chiral Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyun Qian
- Shenzhen Research Institute; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST); Shenzhen China
- Department of Chemistry; HKUST; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Min Chen
- Shenzhen Research Institute; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST); Shenzhen China
- Department of Chemistry; HKUST; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Alex C. Bissember
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Hobart Australia
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Shenzhen Research Institute; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST); Shenzhen China
- Department of Chemistry; HKUST; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
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15
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Qian D, Chen M, Bissember AC, Sun J. Counterion-Induced Asymmetric Control in Ring-Opening of Azetidiniums: Facile Access to Chiral Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3763-3766. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyun Qian
- Shenzhen Research Institute; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST); Shenzhen China
- Department of Chemistry; HKUST; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Min Chen
- Shenzhen Research Institute; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST); Shenzhen China
- Department of Chemistry; HKUST; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Alex C. Bissember
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Hobart Australia
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Shenzhen Research Institute; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST); Shenzhen China
- Department of Chemistry; HKUST; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
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16
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Arai T, Sato K, Nakamura A, Makino H, Masu H. Dinuclear PhosphoiminoBINOL-Pd Container for Malononitrile: Catalytic Asymmetric Double Mannich Reaction for Chiral 1,3-Diamine Synthesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:837. [PMID: 29339816 PMCID: PMC5770441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A phosphoiminoBINOL ligand was designed to form a dinuclear metal complex that could hold a malononitrile molecule. The dinuclear bis(phosphoimino)binaphthoxy-Pd2(OAc)2 complex catalyzed a double Mannich reaction of N-Boc-imines with malononitrile to give chiral 1,3-diamines with high enantioselectivity. The rational asymmetric catalyst, which smoothly introduces the first coupling product to the second coupling reaction while avoiding the reverse reaction, facilitates the over-reaction into a productive reaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Arai
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC), Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan. .,Molecular Chirality Research Center (MCRC), Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Sato
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC), Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center (MCRC), Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Ayu Nakamura
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC), Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center (MCRC), Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroki Makino
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC), Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center (MCRC), Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hyuma Masu
- Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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17
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Wright K, Drouillat B, Menguy L, Marrot J, Couty F. The von Braun Reaction Applied to Azetidines. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wright
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles; UMR 8180; Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Université Paris Saclay; 45 av. des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Bruno Drouillat
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles; UMR 8180; Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Université Paris Saclay; 45 av. des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Laurence Menguy
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles; UMR 8180; Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Université Paris Saclay; 45 av. des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Jérôme Marrot
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles; UMR 8180; Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Université Paris Saclay; 45 av. des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - François Couty
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles; UMR 8180; Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Université Paris Saclay; 45 av. des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
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18
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Börjesson M, Sahlin K, Bernin D, Westman G. Increased thermal stability of nanocellulose composites by functionalization of the sulfate groups on cellulose nanocrystals with azetidinium ions. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg SE-41296 Sweden
| | - Karin Sahlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg SE-41296 Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC); Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg SE-41296 Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Swedish NMR Centre; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg SE-40530 Sweden
| | - Gunnar Westman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg SE-41296 Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC); Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg SE-41296 Sweden
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19
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Tayama E, Watanabe K, Sotome S. Structural and mechanistic studies of the base-induced Sommelet–Hauser rearrangement of N-α-branched benzylic azetidine-2-carboxylic acid-derived ammonium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:6668-6678. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The base-induced Sommelet–Hauser rearrangement of N-α-branched benzylic azetidine-2-carboxylic acid ester-derived ammonium salts was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Tayama
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Niigata University
- Niigata 950-2181
- Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Niigata University
- Niigata 950-2181
- Japan
| | - Sho Sotome
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Niigata University
- Niigata 950-2181
- Japan
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20
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Drouillat B, Dorogan IV, Kletskii M, Burov ON, Couty F. Competitive Ring Expansion of Azetidines into Pyrrolidines and/or Azepanes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6677-85. [PMID: 27398926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Azetidines fitted with a 3-hydroxypropyl side chain at the 2-position undergo intramolecular N-alkylation after activation of the primary alcohol, and the produced 1-azonia-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane is opened by different nucleophiles (cyanide, azide, or acetate anions) to produce mixtures of ring expanded pyrrolidines and azepanes, or a unique type of compound. Distribution of produced five- or seven-membered rings depends on the substitution pattern on the azetidine ring and on its side chain, together with the nature of the nucleophile used in the expansion process. Observed regioselectivities for nucleophilic opening are rationalized by quantum mechanical DFT calculations and are in good agreement with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Drouillat
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR 8180, Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris Saclay - 45 , av. des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Igor V Dorogan
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University , 194/2 Stachka Ave., 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Kletskii
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Federal University , 7, Zorge St., 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg N Burov
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Federal University , 7, Zorge St., 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - François Couty
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR 8180, Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris Saclay - 45 , av. des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
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21
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Tayama E, Watanabe K, Matano Y. Ring-Strain Effects in Base-Induced Sommelet-Hauser Rearrangement: Application to Successive Stereocontrolled Transformations. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Tayama
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Niigata University; 950-2181 Niigata Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Niigata University; 950-2181 Niigata Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matano
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Niigata University; 950-2181 Niigata Japan
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22
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Abstract
In this review, the synthetic methods for the preparation of 1,3-diamines and their applications in synthetic organic chemistry are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Ji
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P. R. China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering
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23
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Gogoi J, Gogoi P, Boruah RC. One-Pot Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)-β-Ketoenamides from β-Halo α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Drouillat B, d'Aboville E, Bourdreux F, Couty F. Synthesis of 2-Phenyl- and 2,2-Diarylpyrrolidines through Stevens Rearrangement Performed on Azetidinium Ions. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Couty F, Drouillat B, Evano G, David O. 2-Cyanoazetidines and Azetidinium Ions: Scaffolds for Molecular Diversity. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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26
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Chattopadhyay S, Keul H, Moeller M. Synthesis of Azetidinium-Functionalized Polymers Using a Piperazine Based Coupler. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302008s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Chattopadhyay
- DWI an der
RWTH Aachen e.V. and Institute of Technical
and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Forckenbeckstrasse 50. D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Helmut Keul
- DWI an der
RWTH Aachen e.V. and Institute of Technical
and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Forckenbeckstrasse 50. D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Moeller
- DWI an der
RWTH Aachen e.V. and Institute of Technical
and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Forckenbeckstrasse 50. D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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27
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Drouillat B, Wright K, David O, Couty F. Insight into the Regioselectivity of Nucleophilic Ring-Opening of Azetidinium Ions Containing Quaternary Carbon Atoms. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Kenis S, D’hooghe M, Verniest G, Dang Thi TA, Pham The C, Van Nguyen T, De Kimpe N. Synthesis of 1-Alkyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)azetidines and Their Regiospecific Ring Opening toward Diverse α-(Trifluoromethyl)Amines via Intermediate Azetidinium Salts. J Org Chem 2012; 77:5982-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300694y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kenis
- Department of Sustainable Organic
Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent,
Belgium
| | - Matthias D’hooghe
- Department of Sustainable Organic
Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent,
Belgium
| | - Guido Verniest
- Department of Sustainable Organic
Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent,
Belgium
| | - Tuyet Anh Dang Thi
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Sciences & Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chinh Pham The
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Sciences & Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuyen Van Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Sciences & Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Norbert De Kimpe
- Department of Sustainable Organic
Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent,
Belgium
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29
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Huang K, Zhang X, Geng H, Li SK, Zhang X. Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of β-Ketoenamides with the Rh-ZhangPhos Catalyst. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300037z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kexuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway,
New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway,
New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Huiling Geng
- College of Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling,
Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sheng-kun Li
- College of Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling,
Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xumu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway,
New Jersey 08854, United States
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30
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Ho KYT, Aïssa C. Regioselective Cycloaddition of 3-Azetidinones and 3-Oxetanones with Alkynes through Nickel-Catalysed Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation. Chemistry 2012; 18:3486-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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32
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Stanković S, D’hooghe M, Abbaspour Tehrani K, De Kimpe N. Synthesis of 3-functionalized 3-methylazetidines. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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33
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Lin P, Song B, Bhadury PS, Hu D, Zhang Y, Jin L, Yang S. Chiral Cinchona Alkaloid-Thiourea Catalyzed Mannich Reaction for Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Amino Ketones Bearing Benzothiazol Moiety. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201180413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Geng H, Huang K, Sun T, Li W, Zhang X, Zhou L, Wu W, Zhang X. Enantioselective Synthesis of Optically Pure β-Amino Ketones and γ-Aryl Amines by Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation. J Org Chem 2010; 76:332-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102091f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Geng
- College of Science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology & Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kexuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology & Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Tian Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology & Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology & Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology & Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Le Zhou
- College of Science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- College of Science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xumu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology & Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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35
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Bisethylnorspermine lipopolyamine as potential delivery vector for combination drug/gene anticancer therapies. Pharm Res 2010; 27:1927-38. [PMID: 20577786 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To design novel synthetic gene delivery system in which the carrier molecule functions dually as a carrier and a cytotoxic agent targeting dysregulated polyamine metabolism in cancer. METHODS Bisethylnorspermine (BENSpm) lipopolyamine was synthesized and its toxicity evaluated by MTS assay in MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells. Transfection activity was determined using luciferase plasmid DNA. RESULTS Asymmetrical lipid analogue of polyamine anticancer drug BENSpm was synthesized using nucleophilic ring opening of azetidinium ion. The synthesized LipoBENSpm showed cytotoxicity comparable to that of parent BENSpm in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 but mediated 3-4 orders magnitude higher transfection activity. Importantly, cytostatic activity of BENSpm, typically in a low muM range, falls within a relevant and typical concentration range required for efficient gene delivery. CONCLUSIONS These findings make gene delivery vectors based on BENSpm promising candidates for combination drug/gene approaches to the treatment of cancer.
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36
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Banks HD. Is nucleophilic cleavage chemistry practical for 4-membered heterocycles? Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4496-501. [PMID: 19830301 DOI: 10.1039/b908861j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A computational study at the MP2(Full)/6-311++G(d,p)//MP2(Full)/6-31+G(d) level of the ammonolysis of halogen substituted azetidines, oxetanes and thietanes was performed in the gas phase and in the commonly used solvent, acetonitrile. Using the free energy of activation of a benchmark reaction for evaluation of synthetic viability, several haloazetidines and oxetanes that possessed the required reactivity were identified; however, no substituted thietane investigated herein was determined to be synthetically useful under the mild conditions selected for this study. In the case of the azetidines, the side reaction of displacement of halide ion was determined to be the preferred reaction course in acetonitrile; however, the amino product of the reactions of the 2-haloazetidines cleaved at an acceptable rate under mild conditions. For the oxetane derivatives investigated, 2-fluorooxetane proved to be a direct source of ring cleavage product. Nucleophilic cleavage of halogen-substituted azetidines and oxetanes is predicted to be a viable source of functionalized three-carbon moieties under mild conditions in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold D Banks
- U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, APG, Maryland 21010-5424, USA.
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37
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Michaux J, Niel G, Campagne JM. Stereocontrolled routes to β,β′-disubstituted α-amino acids. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:2093-116. [DOI: 10.1039/b812116h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Durrat F, Sanchez MV, Couty F, Evano G, Marrot J. Ring Expansion of 2‐(α‐Hydroxyalkyl)azetidines: A Synthetic Route to Functionalized Pyrrolidines. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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N-Alkyl salts derived from ephedrine do not promote enantioselective Corey–Chaykovsky reactions involving sulfonium methylides under phase-transfer conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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41
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Vargas-Sanchez M, Lakhdar S, Couty F, Evano G. Reaction of azetidines with chloroformates. Org Lett 2007; 8:5501-4. [PMID: 17107057 DOI: 10.1021/ol062128c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of an azetidine with a chloroformate can give either the dealkylated heterocycle or the ring-opened product (gamma-chloroamine), which can further cyclize to the oxazinanone. A general study of this underrated reaction was conducted and revealed that azetidines can undergo smooth nucleophilic ring-opening reactions to highly functionalized gamma-chloroamines in the presence of a variety of alkyl chloroformates under mild reaction conditions. Yields are usually good, and parameters governing this reaction were evaluated. [reaction: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Vargas-Sanchez
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
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42
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Couty F, David O, Durrat F. Chemo- and regioselective reductive opening of azetidinium ions. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.11.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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Alex A, Larmanjat B, Marrot J, Couty F, David O. Strained azetidinium ylides: new reagents for epoxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:2500-2. [PMID: 17563809 DOI: 10.1039/b701848g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Azetidinium ylides effected facile epoxidation of various carbonyl compounds furnishing tri or tetrasubstituted epoxides that were unattainable via classical ammonium ylide chemistry; the produced trisubstituted oxiranes gave rise to a remarkable cascade of reactions leading to some original pyrrolidin-3-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Alex
- Institut Lavoisier, Université de Versailles St Quentin-en-Yvelines,UMR 8180, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles, France
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